ܐ

ʾʾalaph

(silent; can have value of a or e)

ܒܒ ܒ

b

bet

medial, alone

ܓܓ ܓ

g

gamal

medial, alone

ܕܟܕ

d

dalat

final, alone

ܗ

h

het

ܘ

w or v

waw / vav

Can also have value of o, u

ܙ

z

zayn

ܚ

h

het

( pronounced “ch” as in “loch”)

ܠܛ ܛ

t

tet(a hard, emphatic “t”)

medial, alone

ܝܒܝ

y

yodh

medial, alone

ܟܟܟ

k

kap

final (L) form and alone

ܠܦܠ

l

lamad

Alone / final (L) and Medial (R)

ܡܡܡ

m

mim

final (L) and alone

ܢܢܢܢ

n

nun

final (L) and alone initial

ܣ

s

semkat

ܥܥܥܥܟܟ

ʿʿe

(pronounced in back of throat; “ghey”);transliterated with backward apostrophe

Final (L) and medial or initial alone

ܦ

p

pe

(pronounced, “pay”)

ܨ

s

sade

(“ts” sound as in “jets”)

ܩܩܩ

q

qop

Final (L) and medial

ܪܟܟܪ

r

resh

Final (L) and alone initial

ܫ

S“sh” sound; shin

(“sheen”)

ܬܒܒܬ

t

taw / tav

Final (L) and initial alone