过去完成时过去完成时

By the time IBy the time I gotgot outside, the busoutside, the bus had already lefthad already left..

the policeman get to the shopTom run away

By the time the policeman got to the shop, Tom had run away.

Speaking--freely :By the time… or When…

Liu Mei wake up the concert be over

By the time Liu Mei woke up, the concert had been over.

his grandma come from America

Li Ming grow up

By the time his grandma came from America, Li Ming had grown up.

2006 2011 learn 4000 English words

By the end of……

By the end of 2006,

I had learned 4000 new words.

The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时

1.过去完成时的构成

助动词 had ( 用于各种人称和数 ) + 过去分词When I got to school, the bell had rung.

2. 过去完成时的用法 :主要是表示在过去某个时间 , 或是动作之前已经发生或完成的动作 . 也就是过去的过去 .

The Past Perfect Tense过去完成时

3. 常用的几种方式 :用介词 by, before 等构成的时间短语 .

用连词 when, before, after 或者短语 by the time引导的时间状语从句 .

We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month.

The plane had taken off when I reached the airport.By the time I got up , my brother had left home.

常用动词的过去式和过去分词

play played playedwork worked workedleave left leftsay said saidgo went gonebe was/were beentake took takenget got gotten

start started started

break broke broken

speak spoke spoken

drive drove driven

see saw seen

eat ate eaten

give gave given

know knew known

grow grew grown

1. We ___________(learn) two thousands words by the time I went to Middle School.

3. When we _______(arrive) at the station, they __________(wait) for more than twenty minutes.

had learned

arrived

had waited

2. I ___________ (know) him when I was a student.

had known

4. One of the men didn’t move, because he __________ (break) his legs. had broken

5.By yesterday evening he _______________ that important letter.(write)

6.I thought I _______ the man before.(meet)

7.By six o’clock they ____________ for ten hours.(work)

8.I went to Nick’s house,but he ____________ out.(go)

9.I ________________ the problem when class was over. (not understand)

had written

had met

had worked

had gonehadn’t understood

口语练习1.a.I got up. My brother was in the shower already.

b.By the time I got up,my brother ____________ in the

shower already.

2.a.I ran outside to the bus stop. The bus was gone.

b.

3.a.I got home. I realized that my homework was still at s

chool.

b.

had gotten

By the time I ran outside to the bus stop, the bus had already gone.

When I got home,I realized that I had left my homework at school.

4.a.I woke up. My clock stopped two hours ago.

b.

5.a.I got to the cinema at 8. The film started at

7:30.

b.

6.a.I got to the party.Jim went home an hour ago.

b.

By the time I got to the cinema, the film had already started.

By the time I woke up, my clock had stopped for two hours.

When I got to the party, Jim hadalready gone home.

一、表现形式

1. 基本形式： had + 过去分词。

2. 否定形式： had + not + 过去分词 (had not 照样可缩写 hadn't) 。

3. 一般疑问形式： had 提到句首，回答用 Yes, 主语+ had. / No, 主语 + hadn't. 例如：

— Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday?他昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？

— Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't. 是的，他告诉了。 /不，他没有。

4. 被动语态形式： had + been + 过去分词。如：When I got there, the windows had been broken.

二 . 用法

1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或动作之前已经结束或完成 . 它表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去” .

I had written the article when they came.

2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间之前已经开始 , 一直延续到这一过去时间 .

They had worked for 12 hours by 6 o’clock this morning.

明显标志 :

1. 句中有 by 引导的过去时间状语 :

By the time we got there, all the other guests had arrived.

2. 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有 already, yet, still, never 等 .

They had already left before I returned.

1. Kate's never seen Chinese films ， ____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she

1. Kate's never seen Chinese films ， ____ ?

A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she

2.-Ann has gone to Shanghai.

-So ______her parents.

A. has B. had C. did D. have

3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball?

-______you______ your homework yet?

A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing

C. Did; finish D. Have; finished

4.His brother has been to Stone Fores twice______he came to Yunnan.

A. after B. before C. since D. for

5. Tom______the CD player for two weeks.

A. has lent B. has borrowed

C. has bought D. has had

6. I______a letter from him since he left.

A. didn't receive B. haven't got

C. didn't have D. haven't heard

7. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors?

-Yes, I have.

A. went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to

8. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years.

A. have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been

9. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket.

A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming

1.When I_____( get) there, the Smiths already____(have) their dinner.

2.By the end of last year they _____(produce) more than 500,000 tractors.

3.Tom_____(read) at least 20 novels in the past year.

4.He_____(work) on a farm for 3years before he became a shopkeeper.

7.My brother _____ (join) the army in 1989. He ______(be) a soldier for over 3 years.

10.I ______(know) Mr.Li since I_____(come) to study in this school.

11. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.