现代通信新技术导论第一章概论 chapter 1 introduction 电控学院...

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现代通信新技术导论

第一章概论Chapter 1 Introduction

电控学院电子工程学科部司鹏搏综合楼 825 室[email protected]

现代通信新技术导论第一章概论

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Main Contents• A Brief History of Communication Technologies

– Ancient communications

– Modern communications

– Future communications

• What is Communication?– Communication systems

– Communication networks

– Communication protocols

– Communication performance parameters

– Characteristics of communication

• Main Modern Communication Technologies


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History of Communication Technologies


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• Electrical Communication– Telegraph

– Telephone networks

– Satellite communication networks

– TV/radio broadcasting networks

– Cellular phone networks• 1G, 2G, 3G, 4G, …

– Computer networks• 802.2, 802.11, …

– Others• NGN, cognitive radio, mobile IP, …


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• The Development of Communications– Video 1

• What does the Future Communication Look Like?– Video 2

– Broad-band, digital, mobile, intelligent, seamless, integrated, secure, green

– Multi-media/function/purpose/input/output/…


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What is Communication?

• Definitions of Communication– A process of transferring information from one

entity to another.

– The activity of conveying information.

– The imparting or interchange of thoughts, opinions, or information by speech, writing, or signs.

– A process whereby information is enclosed in a package and is channeled and imparted by a sender to a receiver via some medium.


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What is Communication?

• Typical Communication System

SourceTransmitter(Modulator)

Channel Noise

Receiver(Demodulator

)Sink


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Spectrum for Communications


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What is Communication Network?• Definitions of the Communication Network

– A collection of terminals, links and nodes which connect together to enable communication between users of the terminals.

– Organization of stations capable of intercommunications but not necessarily on the same channel.

• Classification of Communication Network– Telecommunication network, computer network, TV/radio

network, …

– Wired (cable, fiber, …), wireless

– Centralized, distributed, mixed

– ……


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What is Communication Network?

A communication network is composed of communication system(s).


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What is Communication Protocol?

• Definitions of the Communication Protocol– A formal description of message formats and the

rules for exchanging those messages.

– Defines the rules for sending blocks of data from one node in a network to another node.

• Communication Protocol Stack– 7-layer Open System Interconnection (OSI) model

– 5-layer TCP/IP model


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Application layer应用层


Physical layer物理层

Physical layer物理层

What is Communication Protocol?

Data link layer数据链路层

Network layer网络层

Transport layer传输层

Session layer会话层

Data link layer数据链路层

Network layer网络层

Transport layer传输层

Session layer会话层

Representation layer表示层

Representation layer表示层



System Architecture

Inter-network layer网际层

Inter-network layer网际层

Host-to-net layer网络接口层

Host-to-net layer网络接口层


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Communication Performance Performances• To Improve the Performance Parameters of

– Efficiency

– Reliability

– Adaption

– Economic

– Security

– Standardization

– Convenience

– Environmental friendliness

– Application layer

– Transport layer

– Network layer

– MAC layer

– Physical layer


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Communication Performance Performances

• SNR, SINR– One of the most important parameter to measure the receiving signal

quality

– Physical layer parameter

– Noise and/or interference

• Bit Error Rate– For digital communication

– Constraint by Shannon limit

• Packet Loss Rate– MAC/Network/Transport/Application layer parameter

• Distortion– Multimedia transmission


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• Data Rate, Bandwidth– To measure the communication efficiency

– Bandwidth: achievable peak data rate in digital communications

• Delay, Delay Jitter– Especially for voice communication

• Round Trip Time (RTT)

• Delay×Bandwidth– The combined performance parameter of efficiency

• Throughput


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• Drop Prob. – For calls in telecommunication networks

• Coverage– For mobile/wireless communications

– Heterogeneous networks

• Power Consumption, Power Efficiency– Minimize the interference and be environment friendly

• Computational Complexity, Communication Overhead

• Spectrum Efficiency– Precious resource of spectrum


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Characteristics of Communication• Objective

– Maximized information exchange efficiency with minimized distortion

• Constraints– Information spread speed limited by the light speed

– Channel/network capacity limited by Shannon formula

• Information Loss During Communication– Could be rebuilt in digital commun. systems

• Resource Consumption– Power, spectrum, time, code, space, etc


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Main Modern Communication Technologies

• Wired Technologies– Core Networks

• NGN, MPLS, RSVP, Routing Protocols, Network Management, IMS, …

– Optical Communications• DWDM, …

• Wireless Technologies– Transmission

• MIMO, OFDM, Smart Antenna, …

– Networking• WWAN, WRAN, WMAN, WLAN, WPAN, WBAN, …

• Distributed Networks– Ad Hoc, WSN, Mesh, P2P, …

• Others– IOT, Cloud Computing, Network Convergence, CMMB, DVB, …


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Main Modern Communication Technologies

• Information Theory– Network information theory

• Physical Layer– Modulation and demodulation

– Coding and decoding• Source coding

• Channel coding

– Interleaving

– Diversity

– Antenna

– Channel estimation

– Equalization

– Signal shaping

• Upper Layer– Multiplexing

– Multiple address

– Resource management• Power

• Code

• Spectrum

– Networking• Architecture

• Convergence

• Adaptive and Dynamic Algorithms


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Organization of the Rest of the Course

• Chapter 1 Introduction– Introduction to the communication

• Concepts

• Characteristics

• Systems

• Networks

• Performances

• Technologies

• …


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 2 Next Generation Network and MPLS

– Next Generation Networks• Backgrounds

• Definitions

• Characteristics

• Architectures

– MPLS• Necessity

• Architectures

• MPLS Labels


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Organization of the Rest of the CourseNon-Interactive Multimedia

Image

SMS

MMS

Presence

Activephonebook

Push-To-Talk

Text

Voice

Voice

P2P Calls

Video

Person-to-Person dominates traffic growth

Movies

PhotosInternet

Text/Pictures

SMS/MMS

HTTP

Streaming

Download

VideoMusic

Ring tonePerson-to-Content known usability patterns

Interactive Multimedia

Multimedia Content

Social Networking


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Definitions of NGN

Packet Oriented Network

Integration of Exist-ing Infrastructure

Application Fo-cused - Access

Independent

Seperation into Dif-ferent Layers Using

Open Interfaces

Openess and Flex-ibility Regarding New Services

Support Broad Va-riety of Services


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• MPLS Architecture

LER

LER

LER

LER

LSR LSR

LSR

MPLS Domain

IP

MPLS

LSP

• LSR ： Label Switch Router

• LER ： Label Edge Router

• LSP ： Label Switch Path


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 3 IPv6 and Mobile IP

– IPv6• Problems of IPv4

• Solve the Problems

• IPv6 Address

• IPv6 Header

• Address Allocation

• IPv6 Routing

• IPv6 in China

– Mobile IP• Introduction to Mobile IP

• Operations of Mobile IP

• Problems with Mobile IP

• Mobility in IPv6


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IPv4

Exhaustion of IP address

Increment of routing

information

IPv6

Significant extension of

address space

Auto-Config

Layered Address

QoS

Secure

IPv4

NAT

CIDR

Temporary counter measure

The thorough solution

Finally


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• Mobile IP Architecture


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 4 Wireless Networks with Large Coverage

– Wireless WAN (3G LTE)• Introduction to LTE

• Targets and key features

• Network architecture

• Physical layer and Layer 2

– Wireless MAN (WiMAX)• Introduction to WiMAX

• System architecture

• Physical layer and MAC layer

• WiBro

– Wireless RAN (Cognitive Radio)• Current spectrum allocation and utilization

• Ideas and architecture of cognitive radio

• Design issues of cognitive radio

• IEEE 802.22 and proactive cognitive radio networks


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IMS

TE MT UTRAN

SMS-SCEIRTE MT

BillingSystem*

R UmGERAN

WAG

Uu

HLR/AuC* HSS*

R

C

Wn Wp

Wu

WLANUE

Ww

Intranet/

InternetWa

Wm

Wf

Iu

Gn

Gb, Iu

GfGr

Gd

Ga

GiGn/Gp

Gc

SMS-GMSCSMS-IWMSC

WiOCS*

SGSN

SGSN

Note: * Elements duplicated for picture layout purposes only, they belong to the same logical entity in the architecture baseline.

** is a reference point currently missingTraffic and signalingSignaling

HLR/AuC*

3GPP AAAProxy

GaGy

CDF

CGF*

3GPP AAAServer

PCRF AF

Rx+ (Rx/Gq)

Gx+ (Go/Gx)

OCS*

UE

P-CSCFMw

Cx Dx

Wa

Wg

Gm

SLFHSS*

CSCF

MRFP

IMS-MGW

Wo

D/Gr

Dw

Mb

PDG

CGF*

WLAN AccessNetwork

Wx

MbGGSN

Wz

Wd

BM-SCGmb

Gi

MSC

Gs

PDN

**

BillingSystem*

Wf

Wy


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Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

pli

du

e (d

Bm

)

Heavy Use

Sparse Use

Heavy Use

Medium Use

Less than 6% OccupancyLess than 6% Occupancy

Maximum Amplitudes

Frequency (MHz)

Am

pli

du

e (d

Bm

)

Heavy Use

Sparse Use

Heavy Use

Medium Use

Less than 6% OccupancyLess than 6% Occupancy

• Current “Static” Spectrum Allocation Strategy is Wasteful– Huge opportunities exist in time, frequency, and space– Apparent spectrum scarcity


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Basic Idea: Opportunistic

Spectrum Access– sense the spectrum you

want to transmit in

– look for “holes” or “opportunities” in time and frequency

– transmit so that you don’t interfere with the licensees

Power

Time

Frequency

Spectrum in use by Primary user

Spectrum Hole


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 5 Wireless Networks with Narrow Coverage

– Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs)• IEEE 802.11 overview

• Components and services

• MAC layer physical layer

• IEEE 802.11 protocols

– Wireless Personal Area Networks (WPANs)• Introduction to Bluetooth

• Protocol stack

• Network topology and packet structures

• Security issues

– Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs)• Introduction to WBAN

• Three-Tier Architecture

• Comparison with Other Networks

• Designing WBANs


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Fixed Mobile

Broadband Multiservice2G+

Cellular3G

Cellular

Residential/Premise/ Campus

LMDSMMDS DataServices

GPRSMobile IP

PacketData/Voice

UMTS

BLUETOOTH

IEEE802.11


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In the Office

At Home


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RF

Baseband

AudioLink Manager

L2CAP

Data

SDP RFCOMM

IP

Con

trol

Applications

Transport Protocol Group

Middleware Protocol Group

Application Group


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 6 Distributed Networks

– Mobile Ad Hoc Networks• Distributed Networks

• Introduction to MANETs

• Network Routing Protocols

– P2P Networks• Introduction to P2P

• Why P2P?

• Overview of P2P

• Unstructured P2P

• Structured P2P

• Bi-Dimensional P2P


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Organization of the Rest of the CourseA

SourceC

G HDestinationF

E

D

BRoute Request

A

SourceC

G HDestinationF

E

D

BRoute Request


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C1

4A

2G

3D

4H

4F

2E

2B

1

1

1

2

2

22

2

3

3


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INTERNET

locationserver

register

Document x?OK: Peer ZIP = a.b.c.d

Document x!

x


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P2P Client/Server

Large Scale Wireless P2P networksAnd

The lookup protocols

Structured

For large-scale P2P networks

Chord， Pastry，Tapestry， CAN……

Unstructured

For small-scale P2P networks

Gnutella

DistributedWithout an index server

CentralizedWith an index server

DNS， X.500，Napster……

Distributed


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33..33 N4034..35 N4036..39 N4040..47 N4048..63 N5264..95 N7096..31 N102

N32’sFinger Table

71..71 N7972..73 N7974..77 N7978..85 N8086..101 N102102..5 N1026..69 N32

N70’sFinger Table

(0)

N32

N60N79

N70

N113

N102

N40

N52

N80

N85

81..81 N8582..83 N8584..87 N8588..95 N10296..111 N102112..15 N11316..79 N32

N80’sFinger Table


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 7 Cloud Computing and CMMB

– Cloud Computing• One of the Most Promising Technologies

• What is Cloud Computing?

• IaaS, PaaS and SaaS

• Cloud Computing Platforms

• Security Issues

• Cloud Computing in our Daily Life

– CMMB• What is CMMB?

• Frame Structures, Channel Coding and Modulation

• Multiplexing

• Services

• Emergency Broadcasting


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Cloud ServiceDeveloper

Cloud ServiceConsumer

Cloud Service Provider

Service

De

livery P

orta

l

BSSBusinessSupportServices

Offering Mgmt

Order Mgmt

Accounting & Billing

Customer Mgmt

Entitlements

Contract Mgmt SLAReporting

Pricing / Rating

Peering & Settlement

Subscriber Mgmt

Service OfferingCatalog

Invoicing

OSSOperationalSupportServices

Service Automation Mgmt

Virtualization Mgmt

Reporting & AnalyticsMetering

Service

De

velop

me

nt Po

rtal

Common Cloud Platform

Security & Resiliency

Consumer Administrator

Consumer Business Manager

Partner Clouds

Customer In-house IT

Service Def. & Developm.. Tools

Image Creation Tools

Developer

Service Definitions

Software-as-a-Service - e.g. Lotus LiveCloud

ServicesPlatform as-as-Service - e.g. Desktop Cloud

Use

r In

terface

Service User

Infrastructure-as-a-Service - e.g. Compute Cloud

Virtualized Infrastructure – Server, Storage, Network

Managed Environm

entM

anagement Environm

ent

…

Operational Console

Provisioning

Monitoring & Event Mgmt

Service Delivery Catalog

Configuration Mgmt

Continuity Mgmt, Backup / Restore Asset Mgmt

Service Request Mgmt

Service Level Mgmt

Image Lifecycle Mgmt

Capacity, Perform. Mgmt

Incident, Problem & Change Mgmt

Service Provider Portal

Service Business Manager Service Operations Manager

AP

IA

PI


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Infrastructure as a Service

Platform as a Service

High VolumeTransactions

Software as a Service

Servers Networking Storage

Middleware

Collaboration

Business Processes

CRM/ERP/HRIndustry

Applications

Data Center Fabric

Shared virtualized, dynamic provisioning

Database

Web 2.0 ApplicationRuntime

JavaRuntime

DevelopmentTooling


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增补转发器

本地发射机

通信网

节目集成平台

广播电视节目

数据业务内容

接收终端

中继器

信号上行传输系统

S卫星A

同轨S波段双星网S卫星B

上行广播信道Ku 上行分发

信道Ku下行广播信道S

下行分发信道Ku

广播信道

本地节目平台


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Chapter 8 Towards Future Communication

Technologies– Challenges

– Opportunities

– New ideas and technologies• Quantum teleportation

• Internet of Things

• Web 2.0

– Key Words in Future ICTs


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Organization of the Rest of the Course• Seminars

– Teams• 4 or 5 students / team × 16 teams = 66 students

• Free organization (1 speaker + 3 or 4 supporters / team)

• Team member lists submitted before Sept. 17th

– Presentations• 10 minutes, with slides, maybe props

• On your ideas on new communication technologies

• Presented by the speaker, supported by the all team members


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Organization of the Rest of the Course– Discussions

• Questions by other students/teacher(s)

• Answered by the supporters

– Ratings• Each student MUST complete one presentation, or two

valuable questions, or two valuable answers

• Part of the final score, based on the performance during presentations/discussions

– Time• Anytime in the class, but the reservation one week before

your presentation is needed

现代通信新技术导论 第一章 概论 chapter 1 introduction 电控学院...

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现代通信新技术导论第一章概论 chapter 1 introduction 电控学院...