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Brazilian Electric Energy Industry Model:Brazilian Electric Energy Industry Model:Protection,Protection, Control,Control, and Monitoringand Monitoring

RequirementsRequirements for Fosteringfor FosteringResponsibleResponsible CompetitionCompetition

Actual Trends in DevelopmentActual Trends in Development ofofPower System Protection and AutomationPower System Protection and Automation

33 77 JuneJune 2013, Yekaterinburg2013, Yekaterinburg

Copyright SEL 2012

Jorge Miguel Ordacgi F.Jorge Miguel Ordacgi F.

On Behalf of Brazilian SC B5On Behalf of Brazilian SC B5

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BRAZILBRAZIL

2

A Fast GrowingA Fast Growing Market for Manufacturers ofMarket for Manufacturers ofSecondary SystemSecondary System (SS) Solutions(SS) Solutions

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600 kV DC

Madeira Complex =6,450 MW, 2,375 km

Belo Monte =11,231 MW, 2,500 km DC

BR Power SystemBR Power System IsIs Growing FastGrowing Fast

3

Araraquara

440 kV

N. Iguau (RJ)

Rio Branco

Araraquara

Rio Verde

Back-to-back 2x400MW

305 km

500 kV

230 kV

+600kV

600km

Madeira

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Regardless of GrowthRegardless of Growth

Technologies in ServiceTechnologies in Service

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Regardless of GrowthRegardless of Growth


Electro-

mechanical

51%

Static

Digital

30%

SS Technologies In Service - 2011

5

Ele ctromechanical 18016Static 6491

Digital 10560

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19%

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Regardless of GrowthRegardless of GrowthRated Voltage 138 kV


Electro-

mechanical

51%

Static

Digital

30%

SS Technologies In Service - 2011

Analog

70%

Digital

30%

Digital versus Analog SS

24,50724,507 newnew

6

Ele ctromechanical 18016Static 6491

Digital 10560

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19%

secondarysecondarysystems aresystems areneeded!needed!

NumberNumberof bays!of bays!

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TechnologicalTechnological EvolutionEvolution

WhatWhat about relay to relay communications?about relay to relay communications?

WhatWhat aboutabout the IECthe IEC 6185061850 standardstandard?? WhatWhat would be the best way to cope withwould be the best way to cope with

7

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Performance of Protection SchemesPerformance of Protection Schemes

for Power System Eventsfor Power System Events5.5%

3.8%

4.9%

4.3% 4.3%

3.9%

4.4%

4.0%

3.7%4.0%

5.0%

6.0%

age

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3.3%.

0.0%

1.0%

2.0%

3.0%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Perc

ent

Refusal

No Data

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Performance of Protection SchemesPerformance of Protection Schemes

for Accidental Trippingfor Accidental Tripping

8%

10%

12%

8.2%

9.5%

10.9%

9.6%

7.5%

8.9% 9.0%

7.6% 7.7%

6.9%

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0%

2%

4%

6%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5.8%

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AccidentalAccidental TrippingsTrippings CausedCaused byby

HumanHuman ErrorsErrors

2.5%

3.0%

3.5%

4.0%

3.0%

3.3%

3.5%

2.5%

2.8%

3.0%

2.6%

2.2% 2.1%2.2%

10

0.0%

0.5%

1.0%

1.5%

2.0%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

1.9%

PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TRIPPINGSPERCENTAGE OF TOTAL TRIPPINGSRelay Protect

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AccidentalAccidental TrippingsTrippings CausedCaused byby

HumanHuman ErrorsErrors

25%

30%

35%

40%36.0%

34.7%

32.0%

25.9%

36.9%

33.5%

29.2%28.3% 27.6%

32.2%31.8%

11PERCENTAGE OF ACCIDENTAL TRIPPINGSPERCENTAGE OF ACCIDENTAL TRIPPINGS

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

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EvolutionEvolution of Protectionof Protection PerformancePerformance

What have we learned from the recentWhat have we learned from the recentblackouts?blackouts?

SPSSPS or SIPS? Just a matter ofor SIPS? Just a matter of alphabetalphabetsoup?soup?

12

BenchmarkingBenchmarking or goals?or goals?

AreAre benchmarking figures reallybenchmarking figures really

comparablecomparable??

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ANAN

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yellow black

otherhydroplant blue green

#1 #2

Busbar 1

Lack of ClearLack of Clear Breaker FailureBreaker Failure AlarmAlarm

Breaker

14

Busbar 2

Local Generators

Line #1Protection

RestoredBF

Line #1Protection

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RemarksRemarks

The old static device should have been timelyThe old static device should have been timelyreplaced with a modern digital line protectionreplaced with a modern digital line protection

relay!relay! There should have been more information andThere should have been more information and

15

,,thereby avoiding the loss of the secondthereby avoiding the loss of the secondbusbar section!busbar section!

Is there any better practice within otherIs there any better practice within otherutilities?utilities?

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If...If...

There is adequate balance between dataThere is adequate balance between dataandand informationinformation

Information isInformation is provided toprovided to devices, systemsdevices, systemsand operators at higher levels along theand operators at higher levels along theo erationalo erational hierarchhierarch

16

Local devices and systems are part of aLocal devices and systems are part of asystemic distributed PCMsystemic distributed PCM systemsystem

All parts have been conceived to be fullyAll parts have been conceived to be fullytested, enhanced andtested, enhanced and optimizedoptimized

(Evergreen!)(Evergreen!)Relay Protect

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Then...Then...

ThereThere is ais a SECONDARY SYSTEMSECONDARY SYSTEMMODERN SOLUTION (SSMS)MODERN SOLUTION (SSMS)

Utility engineering staff shall provideUtility engineering staff shall providethorough specification, design (project) andthorough specification, design (project) andbiddin rocessbiddin rocess

17

Manufacturers shall be invited to workManufacturers shall be invited to workcloser to the utilitycloser to the utility

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The Brazilian Electric EnergyThe Brazilian Electric Energy

18

Industry ModelIndustry Model

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Industry ModelsIndustry Models

Energy OperationPlanning PEN

Monthly OperationProgram PMO

Daily Scheduling Generation

Modernization Plan

PMIS

Basic Grid and DIT

Expansion andReinforcement Plan

Evaluation ofCMO and PLDDevelopment of Models, Criteria,Methodologies, and Systems

HydroResour

cesand

Meteoro

ly

Rock & roll drum solos,Rock & roll drum solos,politicians, and industrypoliticians, and industry

19

Annual ElectricPlanning PEL QuadrimesterElectric Planning Monthly ElectricPlanning

Protection &Control

Open Access

Studies

Electric Safety Reinforcement Pre-OperationalStudies, Comissioning,

Recomposition, Controllers, Optimization,Operating Reserve, AGC, AncillaryServices

Operation:

Pre, RT, & Post

Disturbances AnalysisAdministration,

Accounting, & Settlement

of T Services & Charges

Conso

lidationofLoad

Forecast

mo e s are somew amo e s are somew alike tsunamis.like tsunamis.They always leave someThey always leave some

destruction behind!destruction behind!

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Industry Models

ProtectionEngineers

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BR Electric Energy Industry ModelBR Electric Energy Industry Model

EPNC

EIMC MEM ERE

EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncil

Energy Policy & MatrixLaws #10.848/2004 & #10.847/2004

MEMMines & Energy Ministry

Energy Policy

EERAElectric Energy

Regulatory Agency

Regulation & Supervision

Water - WRA

Oil - ORA

EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncil



Energy Policy

EERAElectric Energy

Regulatory Agency


Water WRA

Oil ORA

21

AgentsG T FCD C

IM/EX

ISO EETCEERA

OPERATIONAL AREA

EREEnergy ResearchEnterprise

Expansion Planning

EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring Committee

Energy Supply Security

Electric Energy TradingChamber

Trading

ONS (ISO)Electric System NationalOperator

Bulk PowerSystem Operation

EREEnergy ResearchEnterprise

Expansion Planning

EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring Committee


Electric Energy TradingChamber

Trading



WHO, ME?WHO, ME?

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EPNC

EIMC MEM ERE

EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncilDec. #3520/2000



Energy Policy

EERAElectric Energy

Regulatory AgencyLaw #9427/1996


Water - WRA

Oil - ORA

EPNCEnergy Policy NationalCouncilDec. #3520/2000



Energy Policy

EERAElectric Energy



Water - WRA

Oil - ORA

PenaltiesPenalties vs.vs. StimulusStimulusEERA

Electric EnergyRegulatory Agency

Law #9427/1996


Water - WRA

Oil - ORA

EERAElectric Energy


22

AgentsG T FCD C

IM/EX

ISO EETCEERA

OPERATIONAL AREA

EREEnergy ResearchEnterpriseDec. #5184/2004

Expansion Planning

EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring CommitteeDec. #5175/2004


Electric Energy TradingChamberDec. #5177/2004

Trading


Dec. #5081/2004


EREEnergy ResearchEnterpriseDec. #5184/2004

Expansion Planning

EIMCElectric IndustryMonitoring CommitteeDec. #5175/2004


Electric Energy TradingChamberDec. #5177/2004

Trading


Dec. #5081/2004



Water WRA

Oil ORA

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WhereWhere Does FundingDoes Funding CCome Fromome From??

GenerationGeneration29.5%29.5%

TransmissionTransmission4.6%4.6%

DistributionDistribution22.1%22.1%

Industry ChargesIndustry Charges9.1%9.1%

TaxesTaxes34.7%34.7%

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Passive SpectatorPassive Spectator vs. Activevs. Active PlayerPlayer

PASSIVE SPECTATOR

What is my problem?

What are my goals?

ACTIVE PLAYER

My problem is keeping SSoptimized!

My goals are optimizing SS

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BEEIM does not impose thistask/responsibility to me!

systemic viewpoints!BEEIM allows me to do so!

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Planning SSMS of the FuturePlanning SSMS of the Future

A forum to deal with SSMS shall allow:A forum to deal with SSMS shall allow:

Participation of all industry segmentsParticipation of all industry segments

Open discussion within democratic environmentOpen discussion within democratic environment

Production of:Production of:

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White papersWhite papers

Technical guidesTechnical guides

Checks by the International PCM CommunityChecks by the International PCM Community

Grid Procedure updates accordingGrid Procedure updates accordingto BEEIMto BEEIM

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BrazilianBrazilianCIGR SC B5CIGR SC B5

26

Protection andProtection andAutomation isAutomation isTHE FORUM!THE FORUM!

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SC B5 OffersSC B5 Offers UtilitiesUtilities

ISOISO Research CentersResearch Centers

27

UniversitiesUniversities Consulting CompaniesConsulting Companies

ManufacturersManufacturers

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And who is the boss?

TheThe

28

operator!operator!

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ResponsibleResponsible Competition NowCompetition Now

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Responsible CompetitionResponsible Competition

CompetitionCompetitionshall take placeshall take place

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power systempower system(PS) security(PS) security

conditions!conditions!

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How PS SecurityHow PS Security IsIs DealtDealt With TodayWith Today

Operation planningOperation planning

SchedulingScheduling

SIPSSIPS

Risk mana ementRisk mana ement

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system issystem issecure withoutsecure without

SSMS!SSMS!

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HowHow SSMS Shall BeSSMS Shall Be Improved toImproved to

CopeCope WithWith PS Security OptimizationPS Security OptimizationSYSTEMIC APPROACHSYSTEMIC APPROACH SYSTEMATIC APPROACHSYSTEMATIC APPROACH

A DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING DIGITAL SYSTEM FROM SS TO NCCA DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING DIGITAL SYSTEM FROM SS TO NCC

32

INFORMATION

DATA

NCC

RCCs

GCCs, TCC& DCCs

STATIONLEVEL

BAY LEVEL

IEDs PHYSICAL LEVEL

NCCNational Control Center

ISO

RCCsRegional Control Center

G, T & DControl Centers

Utilities

Substations and PowerPlants

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How SSMS Shall Be Improved toHow SSMS Shall Be Improved to

CopeCope WithWith PS Security OptimizationPS Security Optimization

STATION

CommandsPositions

EventsAlarms

PhasorsCommandsPositions

NetworkControl

WAMPACIEC 61850

IEEE 1588

Benefitting fromBenefitting from free functional allocation,free functional allocation,seamless communication and otherseamless communication and other

Implementing aImplementing a global structure forglobal structure forprotection, monitoring and control data andprotection, monitoring and control data and

33

FilesParameters

Maintenance

PROCESS LANIEEE 1588

IEC 61850

evolutionevolutioninformation (D&Iinformation (D&I))

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PS S iPS S i U dU d SSMS Vi iSSMS Vi i

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PS SecurityPS Security UnderUnder SSMS ViewpointSSMS Viewpoint

Utilities and ISO

SSMS shall

Allow optimized functional

Ease PS operation

Manufacturers

SSMS must

Be updated in terms of

Integrate SS & CC

34

BE ECONOMICAL!

Offer highest possible

availability

Assure best security vs.dependability

BE ECONOMICAL!

Be future-proof

Be conceived underrealistic perspective

MUTUALDEPENDENCE

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PS S iPS S i U dU d SSMS Vi iSSMS Vi i

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PS SecurityPS Security UnderUnder SSMS ViewpointSSMS Viewpoint

Then, utilities mayThen, utilities maycompetecompete

But qualifiedBut qualifiedmanufacturersmanufacturers

35

each industryeach industry

segment: G, T & D!segment: G, T & D!s a compe e ws a compe e wresponsibilityresponsibility

when providingwhen providing

SSMS!SSMS!

Utilities mustUtilities must

reinforcereinforceresponsibilityresponsibility

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Lifecycle Costs ofLifecycle Costs of SSMSSSMS

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InnovativeInnovative EngineeringEngineering

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Di ti t ViDi ti t Vi SSSS Lif l C tLif l C t

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Distinct Views onDistinct Views on SSSS Lifecycle CostsLifecycle Costs

Lifecycle Issues Utilities Ownership

Governmental Private

Large Small

Engineering High, but fading away High Low

Acquisition Costs A budget for SS A budget for Idem turnkey

37

the installation projects

MaintenanceCosts

Not computed Effective costapproach

What?

Shortage ofRevenue

Not computed Imposes feedback to SSprocess

LCC Evaluation No regular process so far!

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Hidden CostsHidden Costs

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Hidden CostsHidden Costs

Issue

Too many SSES

Too dissimilar SSEngineering Solutions

(SSES)

Hidden Costs

No gain with large-scaleapplication of each optimized

Same mistake will causetrouble more than once

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How long shall a SS last?

IEC 61850 implementation

Excessive separationbetween PCM andoperational functions

Poor SSES leads to poorpower system security

Only pays off if applied inlarge scale

Duplication of correlatefunctions & distinct results RISK OF LITIGATION

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Tuning of Practices forTuning of Practices for

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ComplianceCompliance

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Tuning of PracticesTuning of Practices

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Tuning of PracticesTuning of Practices

SSMS specificationSSMS specification

Testing of SSMS and the whole digitalTesting of SSMS and the whole digital

system from process level up to the nationalsystem from process level up to the nationalcontrol centercontrol center

40

omp ance w an g o aomp ance w an g o aimplementationimplementation

Frequent exchange of engineering solutionsFrequent exchange of engineering solutions

Closing the loop through permanent SSClosing the loop through permanent SSperformance evaluationperformance evaluation

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Conclusions

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ConclusionsConclusions

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ConclusionsConclusions

SSMS are feasible within any electricSSMS are feasible within any electricenergy industry modelenergy industry model

SSMS are no longer standaloneSSMS are no longer standalone The competition among utilities within eachThe competition among utilities within each

42

n us ry segmen s a s ar a ern us ry segmen s a s ar a erassuring power system securityassuring power system security

Manufacturers shall be stimulated toManufacturers shall be stimulated to

acknowledge the importance of SSMS andacknowledge the importance of SSMS andcompete with responsibilitycompete with responsibility

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!

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THANK YOU VERY MUCH!THANK YOU VERY MUCH!I dont think it will beI dont think it will bewise to become anwise to become an

electrical engineer...electrical engineer...

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