˘ˇˆ˙ clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (continued) species...

11
ῌ῎ ῐ῍ 膹膪至腷膄膂膐至膯腠腖腞膼膘腔腕腱腬腗腋腾腺腻膁腅膅膴 Clostridium 腝腑腢膦腗腰膺腉腽臂臘 1) 腘腋臆腎2) 腙膘腸膁 2) 1) 腚腮膐膃臡腣膜臩膺臋膗 2) 腯腉膟臵膗膟臈膻膬臙膒腸膇腹腅腂膹膪至膯膻膬腱腾 21 6 19 21 11 2 臭膙腐膼腮腱腡腋腌腍腷膄膂膐至腢臸臰腕腱腰腾腺腻膁腅膅膴腣臎腳腫腜 Clos- tridium 腢腜腋腞腁 腘腣臵膕膟至臯腢腜腋腞腣膺腳臄腋膣膊腝腑膂膅腡膥至臯腳臨腖 腙腀 膵腇腔腞腎腁臥腺腈臡臕腰腱臶腎腭腦 16S ribosomal RNA 腥膕腢膨腝腋腞腝腑腕腱 Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium citro- niae, Clostridium aldenense, Clostridium symbiosum 6 膯臣腤腁 臗腝腑腵腺腻 (API 20 A, Rapid ID32A) 膌膅腖腙臵膕膟至臯腎腭腦臅臻膓腢腭腯臜腣腭腌腢膥腕腱腙腀 Indole 臕臵膯臣腤 C. citroniae C. aldenense 腟腊腯腁 腓腣 2 膯臣腣膥至臯腠腖腞腤腁 rhamnose, b-glucuronidase, b-galactocidase 腖腞腋腙腀 Indole 臕臵腣 4 膯臣腣腌腚 C. symbiosum 腣腨腐 a-galactocidase 膐至腟腊腛腙腀 C. hathewayi 腤腁 cellobiose 至腁 a-arabinosidase 腭腦 b-N-acetylglucosaminidase 至腢腭腯膥腟腊腛腙腀 C. clostridioforme C. bol- teae 腣膥腢腜腋腞腤腁 至臯腐臛腖腞腎腯膥腤腬腬臊腟腊腛腙腀 腧腙腁 C. symbiosum 臅臻膓腳腋腡腒腞腫臦腏腮膥腟腊腛腙腀 Key words: Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium hathewayi, Clos- tridium citroniae, Clostridium aldenense 腾腺腻膁腅膅膴腊腰腋腤膡膴腠腋腲腱腰膃腽腅腶 腡膵腣腷膄膂膐至膯腠腖腞膤臒腕腱腰 Clostri- dium clostridioforme 腤腁 膔 腟腤 臩臬臧 Clostridium 腣膯膱腣膎腜腠腕腱腞腎腯 1) 腐膼腮腱腰腓腠 2) 臩臑腏腮腣腱膏臲腐 Clostri- dium 腢腎腋腞 2 腩腼腋腓腠 3) 臉腕腱腞腋 腰腀 腹腸腢腎腋腞腤腁 腓腱腧腟腢膺腕腱腞腋腡腋 腐腁 膈臺腣腲腱腲腱腣膺4) 腟腫腁 腾腺腻膁腅膅膴腣 Clostridium 腤膷膑腬膹膪至膯腣腱膏膉膫腣臇腋膢臸 自腏腮腱膏腕腱腁 至膳臁腫臞腖腙腀 腾腺腻膁腅膅膴腣 Clostridium 腢腤腁 C. clostridio- forme 腠膵腏腮腤C. clostridioforme 腠腣膥腐臊膖膊臷腃 (6292261) 腚腮膃臡膲腾腏腊481 腚腮膐膃臡腣膜臩膺臋膗 腉腽臂臘 TEL: 0772463371 3150FAX: 0772463371 Clostridium symbiosum 58) 腐腊腰腀 腖腏腖腡腐 腮腁 C. clostridioforme 腠腕腱腞腑腙膯臣腤腁 膾膉腄膄 腡至臯腳膧腩膯膱腟腁 膰16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) 臖腣腥膕膛臶腢腭腰臖臵臵膕膟至臯腣膌腏腮臌膺腕腱腁 臷腢 C. clos- tridioforme, Clostridium bolteae 9) , Clostridium hathe- wayi 1014) 3 膯臣腢臌腱膔腕腱腞腋腙腐 1) 腁 臍膰腁 腕 腮腢腴膇腼腅膅臕臵膠腐臱膯臣 Clostridium citroniae 15) 腎腭腦 Clostridium aldenense 15) 腠腖腞腖腙腀 腓腱腮 5 膯臣腤 C. clostridioforme group 臫腕腱腰 1, 16) 腖腙腐腛腞腁 腷膄膂膐至膯腠臀腕腱腌腰腾腺腻膁腅膅膴腣 Clostridium 腢腤 C. symbiosum 腳膧腪腞 6 膯臣腐臐腗腰腓腠腢腡腰腀 C. clostridioforme 腤腓腣腭腌腢臌腱膔腕腱腙腐腁 膝腄臏膢臤至腬膿至腣腟膋腡腯 2, 4, 17) 腁 腓腱腮 腝腑腗腰膉膫腐腊腰腠臃腍腮腱腰腀 腧腙腁 膶膽腖腞腭腯膂膅腡臮膮腗腰腠腋腌膤腮腁 膎腧腔臩膺臋臟腟腫膖腡膯臣腊腰腋腤腊 腓腛腣膯臣膆膀膅腧腟腣腝腑腶腐膞腟腑腱腥腢腹膓膟臓臚 Vol. 20 No. 1 2010. 腢腹膓膟膚 2010 9 9

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Page 1: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

�� ��

����������� ��������������Clostridium������� �

��!"1)#�$%2)#�� �2)

1) &����'�(�)�* +,2) -��./�,.�01234567�#���12��

8�9 21� 6: 19�;�< �9 21� 11: 2�;�=

�>? @ A�B�CD������EF�����������G H!IJK Clos-

tridium�K��< L�/M.�N�K��� �IO�PQ���"#BR$�NI%S�TUH!&'(< V)*'W+�X%YZ 16S ribosomal RNA[,\-.�]^������T Clostridium hathewayi, Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium citro-

niae, Clostridium aldenense, Clostridium symbiosum� 6_`< a/���b�� (API 20

A, Rapid ID32A)I0#�T/M.�N%YZcd1e�Yfg�YC�R$��TU Indole

W/_` C. citroniae C. aldenensehif< j� 2_�R$�N��`< rhamnose,

b-glucuronidase, b-galactocidase@2���TU Indole3W/� 4_�Ck C. symbiosum

�l@ a-galactocidase��himTU C. hathewayi`< cellobiose4�< a-arabinosidase%YZ b-N-acetylglucosaminidase4��YfR$n5himTU C. clostridioforme C. bol-

teae�R$�K��`< �N@6o��%fR$`��p7himTU qT< C. symbiosum`cd1eI#�Br�Js8H!tAR$n5himTU

Key words: Clostridium clostridioforme, Clostridium bolteae, Clostridium hathewayi, Clos-

tridium citroniae, Clostridium aldenense

� ��������i��`9u��v��wx�y

BH!���������z{��� Clostri-

dium clostridioforme `< |:h`�*}~;BClostridium<����K���%f1)<=�>�@ A��j2)��*�?tA��@�@ Clostri-

dium<�%�� 2AB�C�j3)@D������U E �%��`< j�qh'� �����B�@< ���v�v�� �4)hJ< ��������Clostridium`��������@������E�tA�@��< =�>���J��TU�������� Clostridium�`< C. clostridio-

formeH!tA`C. clostridioforme�R$@p7

F�GH�� (�629�2261) &���'��'�IJ�481&����'�(�)�* +,��!"TEL: 0772�46�3371 8K� 3150=FAX: 0772�46�3371

B Clostridium symbiosum5�8)@i�U �t�B@A< C. clostridioforme����T_`< �LCMB�NI���h< �� 16S ribosomal RNA (16S

rRNA)[,\�-.�X�Y��\/+.&�N�/M.&�N�O tA¡ ���< �� C. clos-

tridioforme, Clostridium bolteae9), Clostridium hathe-

wayi 10�14)� 3_�¡�6����T@1)< ¢�< �A � £ 6 ¤ � � W / ¥ @ ¦ _ Clostridium

citroniae15)%YZ Clostridium aldenense15)��P��TU j�A 5_` C. clostridioforme group�§���1, 16)U �T@m�< ������¨����C��������� Clostridium �` C.

symbiosumI�©� 6_@Qª��j�B�UC. clostridioforme`j�YC�¡�6��T@<«¬=��;���­��Rh®Bf2, 4, 17)< j�AI������@i�¯DA��U qT< °±&²S�T��Yf"#B³DIU´���CzRtA< �V&B�* +µhJn5B_$i��`i�WX�_¶·�qh���N@¸�h��¹�º

�E�*Y/+.»¼ Vol. 20 No. 1 2010.

��E�*Y/+.½ 2010

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9

Page 2: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

�������� Vol. 20 No. 1 2010.

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Page 3: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

��������� � ���� �����������

�������������� � !"#$�%%&�'��(��)��*+,��� API 20A-�. Rapid ID32A/�0���1(�%2�0��

�����1. ��2004 113%� 2006 93� 23435��6

278��9����� �:� ;<� =:� ����������>?�%������ @����� �AB�C�DEFGH,� IJK���L��MN��O-�. 16 S ribosomal RNAPQ� (1,486R1,489 bp)�!�$2S�QT������� C.

hathewayi 16U� C. clostridioforme 10U� C. bolteae

11U� C. citroniae 6U� C. aldenense 5U� C. sym-

biosum 12U�V 60U/����2. �� ����������������W� XYGZG[\X]^_;<`

"#$ aAC#$�%&bF,[cdJ+*[e[f��g�#'h a3%5#'f �� !"#�-i�"#$� @�-�.j(�)*/kl0�� m�� +2�U/ AC#$�nopqr�s�#'0� 24h5�48h5� 72h5#'t�u,$v a-w�� @���f /x.0��

3. ���������� ���� !"#$�%y�/�0z�/{|}1~0���*+, API

20A a20A� %&\����Kf ~z23�/y4�{|}1~0� Rapid ID32A a32A� �f /��� ���5-�.�� $v/6���789�������0�� :�W�'��1����� �GI�J�;�~~����/�<0�� 32A����W� a-

galactosidase (a-GAL), b-galactosidase (b-GAL), b-

galactosidase-6-phosphate (b-GP), a-glucosidase (a-

GLU), b-glucosidase (b-GLU), a-arabinosidase (a-

ARA), b-glucuronidase (b-GUR), b-N-acetylgluco-

saminidase (b-NAG)� 8}1W=��3��>$~0�� m�� 20A����W#'h5/ 72h5~0��m����*+,�W��?����@� C. clos-

tridioforme���������1� ��?t����1� ��*+,��� C. clostridioforme~�����xA����2�0��

& '1. �� ��������� (Fig. 1)

g���#'��� !"#�-i�@�W� �������I+,�K�����WB���� ! $C���������@��D�%�!¡W.��%��� j(/.��UW 26U (43¢)����� ��E�W� C. hathewayi (63¢)£ C. citroniae (67¢)

�j(@¤A1¥%��1� C. aldenense (20¢)£ C.

symbiosum (17¢)�WF%�� (Table 2)� 60U����-��� �������/ AC#$�nopqr� 24h5� 48h5� 72h5#'0�u,/G¦0�� ����� u,1-w§��U~¨��U1H©0� 72h5#'�W� 48UWIª 3R5 mm�u,/� «� 12UW� 2 mm�r�D�%�¨��u,/@¤0�¬E1(�~���� ���¨��u,/@¤0�UW� ��� C. symbiosum����� @����W� �­��®� 24h5�#'�WJ¯�°�%�±@� K²1££L³0�u,�� -w��u,®W-w�� ´k~� Bacteroides�?µ0���1� 72h5�¶�#'�W� 0·��J¯1M¸N~��� (Fig. 1)� #OW� �'��P#���W££¹#�MQD����� C. symbiosum�´� 5������Wu,@��!¡/.��%���

2. (��)*+,$ Clostridium $���������� ��-.$/0(12+$342�0�R�U���*+, 32A-�. 20A

���6�����5/ Table 1�º0��C. hathewayi 16U� 20 A�-i���xAW

36.4R98.5¢� 32AW��� 99.9¢~¥���xA

Fig. 1. Cellular morphologies and colonies of C. clostridioforme group and C. symbiosuma) Spore stain of C. hathewayib) Gram stain of C. clostridioformec) Gram stain of C. bolteaed) Gram stain of C. citroniaee) Gram stain of C. aldenensef) Gram stain of C. symbiosum

g) C. clostridioforme group and C. symbiosum on Anaero-Columbia agar with rabbit blood after 72h of incubation. Colonies of C. clostridioforme group (right) are circular with slight irregular

edges and attained a diameter of 3�5 mm. In comparison, C. symbiosum (left) forms small colony.

Clostridium clostridioforme group����»��2�Clostridium clostridioforme group����»��2�

%&�>=�� ¼½ Vol. 20 No. 1 2010. 11

11

Page 4: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

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Page 5: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

Tab

le2

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of

bio

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ain

No

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file

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13

13

� �������� Vol. 20 No. 1 2010.

Page 6: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

Tab

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14

14 ������������

�� ����� Vol. 20 No. 1 2010.

Page 7: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

� C. clostridioforme������� C. clostridio-

forme 10� 20A 4�� C. clostridioforme������ 1� ���������� �� Fu-

sobacterium mortiferum�� ������������� !�"�#�� 32A$%& C. clostridio-

forme �������� ���� 32.6'99.9(�))��#�� C. bolteae 11� 20A� 2� �97.5'99.9(��#�� ��*��+,����-� �.�������� 32A 7�� C.

clostridioforme ���������� 16.2(��, �� Clostridium species/�������� C.

citroniae012 C. aldenense�3�&4 20A�����56&�, �.������ !��#�� 32A� C. citroniae $%& Fusobacterium

necrophorum � � � � � � � � � � � � C.

aldenense C. clostridioforme �����������#�� C. symbiosum�7� 89:�0�&4 C. clostridioforme���������#��;� <��89: =�>?@ABCD Table 2

��E+�� -� Table 3��F��G�+�H�I��3�&JK LM��N+�� C. symbiosum

12�O�+&�N�PQ�>?@ABCDE+��89: 32A� b-GAL ������$%& *��� $�RS profile No.� 0100000000

��� 0000000000��� C. clostridioforme

group� H���T��#�� -� BUVWC�X��. �� C. symbiosum �� a-GAL����#�� 20A�4*��+�� QY�����6 C. bolteae��� H�))Z���#��

C. clostridioforme group [S C. hathewayi, C.

citroniae, C. aldenense 3�.�3�&��89:� �\]����F 5), 9), 10), 15)�^_����\]�� (Table 3)��`Q�+��$�RS C. hathewayi� 20A�0a� lactose

(LAC), salicin (SAL), melezitose (MLZ), ra$nose

(RAF), cellobiose (CEL), 32A� b-GAL, a-GAL,

b-NAG, a-ARA�� ���� 100(��#�� +�+ �� �.� H��b4���I� CEL, b-

NAG, a-ARA��� BUVWC�X� �� �.�c�� I�$%&����#�� C. citro-

niae, C. aldenense $%&BUVWCDX�+���� �.�X���#�� c�� 2�. b4���H�I� rhamnose (RHA)� b-GUR, b-

GAL��� �d�<e �� �� �� fd�<e �� �� ����#��Q� C. clostridioforme� C. bolteae�3�&

20A�>?@ABC� !����Q�."�g#+�*�DE$I��h�, -� $�.D�i�H�j������#�� 32A� b-GLU

� C. clostridioforme �$%&�� C. bolteae � 1

�Dk�&����#��

� �l� R�R� m%4)� C. clostridioforme

group� C. symbiosum �7�4no�� &'pq ��r(s)t) $�RSufr()*+v�w,+�r(s -.r( xC:yU/01 @Cz{|2 }~30� �������45�&'��&'s6 60.4(D�\���uf 7;r(�86&��� -� C. hathewayi9�:� !DE+�c�) C. clostridiofome) C. symbiosum��;<��&'��[��.���c��� c��@9:�WC� Clostridium��=��� r(s�0�&�>�no����������c�� R���0�& C. clostridioforme

group�?$�@���A��%&56&�, �B� C������� �����D��+&������� ��89:�1� Bacteroides) Fusobac-

terium����������$�c�� ��c�� �B Clostridium QE��F-�

�+��G��������� JK m%� �H no������I;J��� AC;J�0�& c �O 43(�?zW ���(K��F ���j���� C� C. hathewayi� 62(��FD@6�� +��#& LpM,��$�c����N5���DO�c��j����������� -� �F�������P��0�&4 �C�WC�1��FQR ¡18) Ryu  ¡18) xUU�¢B£U (VCM)r¤� S¥ TU� Fusobacte-

rium ) Bacteroides Dk�$��6 VW FM;J)x¦§?B¨©Xª{©¦yU (BBE);J� Y« ¡��Di¬$�­Z�j�����������

C. clostridioforme�® 1[�¯&S����c�� �O °G�.� ��±��H��89: ¨W²³W©�´_��&���� -� ¨W²³W©�´_��&�� C. clostridioforme�3�&4µ[ !� ���O����6��\5��, QE]�^m¶·� ��Z���#�� ¸c� JK &}�^]�¹W���1������c�� <�.�3�& �H��89:D_�+��\]���1�ºT���W012�F�^_���

Clostridium clostridioforme group ���w$�m%Clostridium clostridioforme group ���w$�m%

`ab»]�^]¼½ Vol. 20 No. 1 2010. 15

15

Page 8: ˘ˇˆ˙ Clostridium ˛˚ ˜ - 一般社団法人日本臨床微生物学会 2. (Continued) Species (number of isolates) Strain No. API 20A profile No. IND GLU MAN LAC SAC MAL SAL

Tab

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������������ � ������������� C. clostridio-

forme group���������������� � C. hathewayi�� !"�� ������#$�% C. clostridioforme������&'���(� $($� )�*(� C. clostridioforme group��+�&���� 32 A� C. clostridioforme � C.

aldenense �� �, C. clostridioforme ����-���.-� �� ���/� ��(� *(��+�0����� C. clostridioforme group�1� �2� 3�� C. symbiosum �� ��45� 72

45�6�7�8��� 9:;<��-����=� >��?'� �� ��������@��$�(A%�� �B�?�C�� �D�E��=�����FG���HI����JK�8L� C. hathewayi, C. citro-

niae, C. aldenense�M���� WarrenA� N$�FG��15)� !� LAC, SAL, MLZ, RAF, RHA�O�"�PQRST<UV��W#�$�� ����� 20AQ 32A���@�$$%��� >��?� $($� CX bolteae� C. clostridioforme�M���� �FG����=�3��?'/Y������Z�&G �� '(�[\A�� SongA��C. clostridioforme � C. bolteae� 16S rRNA]H)*�+ 3^�,_�?� � 2�+�=��� �FG���=�>��?'� -`�� sorbitol (SOR), MLZ

a�� LAC, SAL, esculin (ESC)� b-GLU.�� b`�� SOR, MLZ.�� LAC, SAL, ESCa��?��cd���9)� $($� !"������ 8��e/$��f g�,�(� 7�hi� C. clostridio-

forme�M���� h�h� �Z�&G j0���$f�� LAC, SAL, ESC a��f%g�,�(� � C. bolteae��� SOR, MLZ a��f 1( (Table 3)� WarrenA%� C. clostridio-

forme��@kl<S� LAC�27��@ 13�LAC�W#�$ C. clostridioforme� C. bolteae�=��3�m�cd��� 15)� !"����%LAC�M���no 13�� 8�A 2�+5�=�W#�7���456�[\A�� �� RST<Ua�� 3�+�pi� C. hathewayi ������1,�Jqr7�.��E7��2$�� C. clos-

tridioforme� C. bolteae� 2�+�s�%.��E7r7 g�,� C. hathewayi�b` 2�+��5�������t:uvRUkl<S��-'�$w xA�8��M��%� !"�h�h��no�WarrenA���no��y�?� WarrenA

�� 8��p�t:uvRUkl<S �(��8��z$�� C. clostridioforme � C. bolteae � 2�+ {89�G �|�}:z~�?���2$� C.

hathewayi ;�}:�?�<�M����$���15)� Finegold A�� C. hathewayi, C. clostridio-

forme, C. bolteae� 3�+���7��� PCR0� N$��� 16)� C. clostridioforme, C. bolteae�2�+�=����%��$�&'4)� ���>������U� PCR���8� 2�+�=�7�������[\A��� $ �� RST<U?V�� C. clostridioforme group����M���� �B�������B�=��-��@���� C.

hathewayi��@���� C. clostridioforme/bolteae

�=���O��� 56�[\A�� RST<U.�� 2�+�� FinegoldA��-� N1)�������&A � C. clostridioforme group� 3�+�K�������� $($� WarrenA��'RST<UV�f�RST<U?V��@� 3�+�A�1 ���8�� 16S rRNA�]H)*�/� ��B� 3�+� 96�98^�?�8�(A� C�+�$�D���� !"� h�h�%8�A 2�+����;������ � RST<U.��8�A 2�+5�!"��E�����������&��%� Warren E$�p� RAF� RHA��@�O��B�=��-� 8�A�=���� 16S

rRNA�]H)*PF������*��/$(Table 2)�!"JK�p�� 8�A����M����;�

�����������@�$7�8���m�+�%����>��?'� ��$��;����  �¡�� �B�G¢>��?�� 7�hi� 3

H5�£¤��� Bacteroides�����-��QQ¥u�¦I 9§$¨e�� ©¥ªJ«�Y¬$KL��©¥ªa�M��?¨e�N���>���[\�� )$� Ryu�JqQ VCM��'©¥ª.���?�8��/O$�������$7�¡� ������+�M��%��>��?�� !�N������­®(A�;��¨e��¯��°(�?�� ­®���±�U(A�©¥ªJ«²x��� Bacteroides�O£¤�©¥ªa�M��J«� ³���2$� PQ´����$1��J«��?��� 1�R�� ����N����=��¯��°(�?'� E. coli�O��0P���µS¶T�·¸�%?�4)� $ �� 8�A����¹���p�Uº(A%!bV�$�W»�G¢$��,d-���[\A��

Clostridium clostridioforme group����z7���Clostridium clostridioforme group����z7���

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� �1) Finegold, S. M. 2004. Changes in taxonomy,

anaerobes associated with humans, 2001�2004.Anaerobe 10: 309�312.

2) Finegold, S. M., S. S. John, A. W. Vu, et al. 2004.In vitro activity of ramoplanin and comparatordrugs against anaerobic intestinal bacteriafrom the perspective of potential utility inpathology involving bowel flora. Anaerobe 10:205�211.

3) Allen, S. D., C. L. Emery, D. M. Lyerly. 2003�Clostridium. p. 835�856, In: Manual of clinicalmicrobiology, 8th ed. (P. R. Murray, E. J. Baron,J. H. Jorgensen, et al. ed.), American Society forMicrobiology, Washington, D.C.

4) ����� ���� ���� 2008.��������� Clostridium�������� !"#$%&'()� '*+,-. 82: 205�212.

5) Kaneuchi, C., K. Watanabe, A Terada, et al.1976. Taxonomic study of Bacteroides clos-tridiiformis subsp. clostridiiformis (Burri andAnkersmit) Holdeman and Moore and of re-lated organisms: Proposal of Clostridium clos-tridiiforme (Burri and Ankersmit) comb. nov.and Clostridium symbiosum (Stevens) comb.nov. Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 26: 195�204.

6) Elsayed, S., K. Zhang. 2004. Bacteremia causedby Clostridium symbiosum. J. Clin. Microbiol.42: 4390�4392.

7) /012� ���� 3456� 7� 1996.89:;<=>9��� !$?�@ABCDEFGH)IJ+� 1+K� L���MNO,-. 6:56�60.

8) Decousser, J. W., C. Bartizel, M. Zamni, et al.2007. Clostridium symbiosum as a cause ofbloodstream infection in an immunocompetentpatient. Anaerobe 13: 166�169.

9) Song, Y., C. Liu, D. R. Molitoris, et al. 2003.

Clostridium bolteae sp. nov., isolated from hu-man sources. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 26: 84�89.

10) Steer, T., M. D. Collins, G. R. Gibson, et al. 2001.Clostridium hathewayi sp. nov., from humanfaeces. Syst. Appl. Microbiol. 24: 353�357.

11) Woo, P. C., S. K. Lau, G. K. Woo, et al. 2004.Bacteremia due to Clostridium hathewayi in apatient with acute appendicitis. J. Clin. Micro-biol. 42: 5947�5949.

12) Elsayed, S., K. Zhang. 2004. Human infectioncaused by Clostridium hathewayi. Emerg. In-fect. Dis. 10: 1950�1952.

13) Linscott A. J., R. B. Flamholtz, D. Shukla, et al.2004. Fatal septicemia due to Clostridiumhathewayi and Campylobacter hominis. Anaer-obe 11: 97�98.

14) Ramlachan, N., R. C. Anderson, K. Andrews, etal. 2007. Characterization of an antibiotic resis-tant Clostridium hathewayi strain from a con-tinuous-flow exclusion chemostat culture de-rived from the cecal contents of a feral pig.Anaerobe 13: 153�160.

15) Warren, Y. A., K. L. Tyrell, D. M. Citron, et al.2006. Clostridium aldenense sp. nov. and Clos-tridium citroniae sp. nov. isolated from humanclinical infections. J. Clin. Microbiol. 44: 2416�2422.

16) Song, Y., C. Liu, S. M. Finegold. 2005. MultiplexPCR for rapid di#erentiation of three species inthe “Clostridium clostridioforme group.” FEMSMicrobiol. Lett. 244: 391�395.

17) Finegold, S. M., Y. Song, C. Liu, et al. 2005.Clostridium clostridioforme : A mixture of threeclinically important species. Eur. J. Clin. Micro-biol. Infect. Dis. 24: 319�324.

18) PQRS TU� 1997. ��GH)IVWX ’97.@AVWX� L�M. 7(S-1): 91�106.

L���MNO,-. Vol. 20 No. 1 2010.

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Morphological and Biochemical Identification of Cigar-Shaped Clostridia

Yasushi Daimon,1) Kaori Tanaka,2) Kunitomo Watanabe2)

1) Clinical Laboratory, Kyoto Prefectural Yosanoumi Hospital2) Division of Anaerobe Research, Life Science Research Center, Gifu University

Clostridium clostridioforme has been known to be phenotypically heterogeneous species with cigar-shaped morphology. Recent taxonomic studies have shown that C. clostridioforme represents five distinctspecies in the C. clostridioforme group: Clostridium hathewayi, C. clostridioforme, Clostridium bolteae,Clostridium citroniae, and Clostridium aldenense. A total of 60 strains isolated in our laboratory as thecigar-shaped clostridia were identified through end-product analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing as follows:C. hathewayi (16 strains), C. clostridioforme (10), C. bolteae (11), C. citroniae (6), C. aldenense (5), and C.symbiosum (12). Biochemical characteristics for those isolates were investigated using commerciallyavailable identification kits. C. citroniae and C. aldenense were distinguished from each other by the resultsfor rhamnose, b-glucuronidase, b-galactocidase (C. citroniae : �, �, �, C. aldenense � �, �, �, respectively),although both of them were indole positive. C. hathewayi was di#erentiated from other species in C.clostridioforme group by the positive reaction of cellobiose, a-arabinosidase, N-acetylglucosaminidase. Itwas di$cult to distinguish between C. clostridioforme and C. bolteae by phenotypic characteristics. C.symbiosum was distinguishable from C. clostridioforme group in colonial size.

Clostridium clostridioforme group�������Clostridium clostridioforme group�������

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