土壤环境保护与污染防治

魏复盛（中国环境监测总站　北 京　100012）

摘　要　本文主要从土壤现状、污染情况以及相关的法律法规等方面分析、总结土壤问题，进而强调土壤环境保护与污染防治的重要性。从土壤生态环境保护与污染防治两个方面出发，阐述了可以更好地评价土壤质量的标准，定位我国土壤问题，并分析对比世界土壤状况，进一步阐明我国土壤问题的严峻。针对土壤污染的问题，结合现今处理政策、治理方案，强调了土壤污染的复杂性、修复治理时间长、难度大、耗资巨大等问题，并提出了土壤环境保护和污染防治的方向。

关键词 土壤环境; 污染防治;法律和法规中图分类号 X53

Soil　Environmental　Protection　and　Pollution　Control

Wei Fusheng(China National Environmental Monitoring Centre, China, 100012)

Abstract 　 This paper mainly analyzes the status of soil pollution, pollution and related laws and regulations, analysis, summarizes the soil problems, and then emphasizesthe importance of soil environmental protection and pollution control. From the two aspects of soil ecological environment protection, this paper

expounds the standard of evaluating soil quality, and more accurate positioning of soil problems in China. And by the comparative analysis of world soil condition, the problem of the serious soil is furtherclarified in china. Aimed at the problem of soil pollution, combined with the current treatment policy, the treatment plan, the much problems of soil pollution are emphasized, which include complexity, remediation long, difficult and costly, and the direction of soil environmental protection and pollution control is put forward.Key words 　 Soil environment; Pollution control; Laws and regulations

化工园区挥发性有机物现场红外光谱监测技术及应用

刘文清　刘建国　徐 亮　高闽光　金 岭　李 胜　童晶晶　魏秀丽　李相贤（中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所　安 徽　合 肥　230031）摘　要　中红外波段是主要气态污染物尤其是挥发性有机物（VOCs）的基频吸收带，大多数污染气体在该波段都有其特征光谱。傅立叶变换红外光谱技术是该波段的优选测量技术，它具有传统色散光谱技术难以同时具备的高分辨率、高信噪比和宽波段的特点，结合其多种形式的非接触测量方式，可以实现对气体的主被动监测，非常适合用于化工业园区的排放现场监测。我国在傅立叶变换红外光谱成套技术的自主研发方面取得了长足的进步，并形成了初具规模的应用系列和体系。本文讨论了傅立叶变换红外光谱的主要原理、技术方法和应用系统，并介绍了目前国内针对化工园区点、面源排放现场监测所开展的典型应用。关键词　挥发性有机物，污染源，现场监测，傅立叶变换红外光谱中图分类号　X83

Application　of　Infrared　Spectroscopy　for　Online

Monitoring　of Volatile　Organic Compounds　in　Chemical

Industry　Park

Liu Wenqing, Liu Jianguo, Xu Liang, Gao Minguang, Jin Lin, Li Sheng, Tong Jingjing, Wei Xiuli, Li Xiangxian(Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Hefei 230031, China)Abstract 　 The mid-infrared region is the fundamental absorption band of the main gaseous pollutants, especially volatile organic compounds (VOCs). Most of the polluted gases have their characteristic spectra in this band. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy is a preferred measurement technique for mid-infrared analysis. It has the advantages of high resolution, high signal-to-noise ratio and wide band which traditional dispersion technique cannot have them simultaneously. Combined with its many forms of non-contact measurement, it can be set up as active or passive system which is suitable for chemical industrial area emissions in-situ monitoring. In this paper, the theory, techniques and applications of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy are discussed. The typical applications of chemical monitoring and monitoring of different sites are introduced. Key Words 　 VOCs ， environment impact ， monitoring

technology，FTIR spectroscopy

挥发性有机物及其监测技术

尹 洧（北京市化学工业研究院　北 京　100022）

摘　要　在大气环境中挥发性有机物（VOCs）是一项重要的有机污染综合指标，也是大气环境质量的重要指标。本文着重讲述了 VOCs 的定义、来源、

环境效应，VOCs 与 NMHC 的异同点，VOCs 与 PM2.5 的关系，通过源解析说明挥发性有机物对城市光化学污染的作用。同时也介绍了 VOCs 的最新监测技术，比较了国内外测定挥发性有机物在采样、前处理、分离和检测等方面的特点。

关键词　挥发性有机物，非甲烷总烃，PM2.5，监测技术，分析仪器中图分类号　X831

VOCs　and　Its　Monitoring　Technology

Yin Wei (Beijing Chemical Industrial Research Institute 100022)

Abstract 　 The volatile organic compounds (VOCs) is an important comprehensive index of organic pollution, and is an important index of environmental air quality in the atmospheric environment. This paper focuses on the definition, source, environment effect of VOCs, similarities and differences between the VOCs and NMHC ， the relationship between VOCs and PM2.5,VOCs .Through source analysis, the role caused by the volatile organic compounds is showed for photochemical pollution in cities. Also the latest monitoring technology of VOCs is introduced. The characteristics of the determination of volatile organic compounds in the sampling, pretreatment, separation and detectionand so on are compared. Key words 　 Volatile organic compounds(VOCs), Non-methane hydrocarbons （ NMHC ） ,PM2.5,monitoring technology, Analytical instruments

加速器质谱技术及其在环境科学中的应用

何 明　庞义俊　姜 山*

(中国原子能科学研究院 北 京 102413 )

摘　要　长寿命的宇宙射线成因核素和人工生成核素如 14C、10Be、26Al 和129I 等在环境科学具有非常重要的意义。然而，由于他们半衰期长、含量及其低（同位素丰度比在 10-10—10-16范围）。采用传统质谱和放射性测量方法都不能够事先对其准确测量，目前只有加速器质谱（AMS）是最为有效的测量方法。本文介绍AMS原理、技术发展现状、测量方法以及在环境保护中的应用。

关键词　14C，AMS，环境保护中图分类号　O657

Technology　of　Accelerator　Mass　Spectrometry　and　Its Applicationsin　Environmental　Science

He Ming,Pang Yijun, Jiang Shan*(China Institute of Atomic Energy, Beijing 102413)

Abstract 　 The Long-lived cosmogenic radionuclides and artificial radionuclides,such as 14C, 10Be, 26Al and 129I,havea very important significance in environmental science. However, above radionuclides have long half-life, and low content (isotope abundance ratio in the range 10-10-10-16). Using conventional mass spectrometry and radioactive methods are not able to accurately measure. Recently, accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) is capability of effectivemeasurement. This article introduces the principle, technology development situation, methods of measurement of AMS and its application in environmental protection.

Key words 　 Accelerator mass spectrometry; Development; Environment

金属和类金属的污染与监测

齐文启　冯亚玲　邱立莉（中国环境监测总站　北京　100012）摘　要　重金属对环境的污染历史久远，我国这类污染形势也相当严峻，污染事故屡次发生，重金属检测是环境监测的重要领域之一。本文对重金属及As、Se 的相关检测分析方法进行了概述，并对毒性更大的的重金属和 As 有机形态分析做了介绍，总结分析了相关形态分析的一些研究基础，提出了对重金属和砷的有机态制定环境标准并进行分析方法的开发和标准化建议。关键词　重金属; 环境监测; 分析方法;

中图分类号　X53

The　Pollution　and　Monitoring　of　Heavy　Metals　and Metalloid

Qi Wenqi， Feng Yaling, Qiu Lili

(National Environmental Monitoring Center ， Beijing ,China, 100012)Abstract 　 The heavy metal pollution to the environmentin Chinawasquite serious for a long time and pollution accidentsoccurred frequently in recent years.The Monitoringof heavy metals is one of the most important parts of environmental monitoring.In this paper, the analysis methods on heavy metals and As, Seare summarized, and the organometallic speciationsanalysis organic speciation analysis arealso presented because the organometallic speciations of heavy metals and As have more toxicity than themselves ， some of the related morphological

analysis research foundations aresummarized ,related standards and methods in the future are proposed.Key Words 　 heavy metalenvironmental monitoringanalysis method

“天地一体化”水环境监测系统

王红丽 1　刘 浩 1　刘永定 1,2

（1.武汉昌宝环保工程有限公司　武 汉　430070；2.中国科学院水生生物研究所　武 汉　430072）摘　要　介绍了“天地一体化”水环境监测系统的概念与结构特点，罗列了构建天基监测系统和地基监测系统的重难点，最后阐述天基与地基联合监测的必要性与重要意义。近年来我国内陆湖泊水质遥感反演模型的精准度误差均在20%以上，除大气校正，且需在现有基础上对天基和地基系统改良，提升水环境监测系统的高效、实时和精准的空间覆盖率，增加遥感反演模型精度。未来该监测系统的实时性、大尺度、高速度、动态性等优势，将有利于实现“十三五规划”目标，即建立全国统一的实时在线环境监控系统。关键词　天地一体化；水环境监测；反演模型；卫星遥感；湖泊中图分类号　X832

Integrated　Space-Ground　Monitoring　System　for　Water　Environment

Wang Hongli1, Liu Hao1, Liu Yongding1,2

(1.Changbao Environmental Engineering Co., Ltd. Wuhan , 430070, China; 2. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Wuhan , 430072 ,China)

Abstract　Firstly, this paper introduces the concepts and structure of the Integrated Space-ground Monitoring System of water environment (ISMSE), then lists the difficulties for ISMSE construction, finally elaborates the necessity and important significance for united space and ground monitoring system.The remote sensing retrieval model errors of inland lakes in our country were more than 20% in recent years. In addition to atmospheric correction to improve the accuracy of retrieval model, there is a necessary for improvement on the basic system in space and ground which improves the efficient, real-time and accurate spatial coverage of model. The advantages of ISMSE in large scale, high speed and dynamics are conducive to the realization of the “13th Five-Year plan” which is to establish a unified national real-time online environmental monitoring system.Key words 　 Integrated space-ground, Water environmental monitoring, Inversion model,Satellite remote sensing，lake

天津大爆炸的反思

齐文启 1　冯亚玲 2　田志仁 2

（1.北京新国之光环境科技有限公司　北 京　100007；2.中国环境监测总站 北 京　100012）

摘　要　2015年 8月 12日天津大爆炸震惊全国,本文从城市规划和安评、项目环评与验收、消防救援和应急监测等方面，对事故发生可能的原因进行探讨分析；同时对照借鉴发达国家事故防范和救援工作经验,并对事故处置过程中存在的问题提出一些见解。以期为今后工业项目安全、环保以及消防救援和应急监测等工作提供一定的借鉴，也可为城市规划、安全防护等工作提供一定的警示。

关键词　天津大爆炸；城市规划；安全评价；环境影响评价；消防救援；

环境应急监测中图分类号　X928.7　　　文献标志码　A

The　Reflection　of　Huge　Explosion　in　Tianjin

Qi Wenqi1，Feng Yaling1，Tian Zhiren2

(1. Beijing Xin Guo Zhi Guang Environmental Technology Corp., Beijing 100007, China; 2. China National Environmental Monitoring

Centre, Beijing 100012, China)Abstract 　 Huge explosion in Tianjin had shocked the whole

nation on August 12, 2015. The paper discusses and analyzes the possible reasons behind the accident from the aspects of city planning and safety assessment, environmental impact assessment and acceptance of project, fire rescue and environmental emergency monitoring. At the same time a comparison and reference of accident prevention and rescue work between developed countries and our country are made. Subsequently corresponding solutions and suggestions in accident disposal process are put forward. It has guiding function in safety and environmental protection of industrial project, as well fire rescue and environmental emergency monitoring. Also it may provide the warning for city planning and safety protection.Key words 　 Huge explosion in Tianjin ； City planning ； Safety

assessment ；Environmental impact assessment；Fire and rescue；Environmental emergency monitoring

大气颗粒物与人体健康

尹 洧(北京市化学工业研究院　北 京　100022)

摘　要　颗粒物是空气中最重要的污染物之一，由于颗粒物表面的吸附作

用，其组分非常复杂，其中含有多种有毒有害的化学成分，对大气环境造成不良影响，并危及人体健康。借助大气颗粒物及其组成成分的测定，通过污染源解析分析其来源及影响因素，控制大气颗粒物的排放，对于保证大气环境质量、改善人们的生存环境具有重大意义。本文对此进行综述，着重介绍大气颗粒物的分类及其组成成分、源解析及对人体健康影响。

关键词　大气颗粒物；细颗粒物 PM2.5；可吸入颗粒物 PM10；总悬浮颗粒TSP；呼吸系统疾病；人体健康；

中图分类号　X831

Atmospheric　Particles　and　Human　Health

Yin Wei（Beijing Chemical Industrial Research Institute, Beijing 100022）

Abstract 　 Particles is one of the most important pollutants in the air. Because of its adsorption of surface ， particles contain a variety of poisonous and harmful chemical composition, which make great impact on atmospheric environment and endanger human body health. With the help of measuring atmospheric particles and its composition ， the resource and influence factors were analyzed through resolving pollution source, the control of atmospheric particulates emissions is of great significance to guarantee the quality of atmospheric environment and improve the people’s living environment. Above all were overviewed in this paper, which emphases are the classification and components of atmospheric particulates, analysis of pollution source and impact on Human health.

Key words 　 atmospheric particulates ； PM2.5 ； PM10 ； TSP ；

respiratory system disease；human health

土壤监测

杜 兵 1　齐文启 2　邱立莉 2　冯亚玲 2

（⒈国家环境分析测试中心　北 京　100029；⒉中国环境监测总站　北 京 100012）

摘　要　本文在回顾土壤调查和监测的基础上，根据 2016年 5月颁布的《土壤污染防治行动计划》，分析了现行土壤环境质量标准（GB15618-

1995）存在的不足。对标准中规定的土壤全消解方法提出了建议。根据国内外污染现状，土壤环境质量标准中的有机污染物种类及限值应适当补充完善。本文还概括论述了土壤有机物污染物前处理方法和分析方法的发展，并对重金属、类金属的分析方法以及采样、制样、前处理空白、干扰判断及消除进行了概述。

关键词　土壤标准；土壤监测；金属；有机污染物中图分类号　X833

Analysis　of　Soil　Monitoring

Du　Bing1，Qi　Wenqi2, Qiu　Lili2，Feng　Yaling2

(⒈National Research Center for Environmental Analysis and Measurement, Beijing 100029，China;⒉National Environmental

Monitoring Center，Beijing ，China, 100012)Abstract 　 On the basis of the review of soil investigation and

monitoring actions in china from 1970s, the deficiencies of the existingsoil environmental quality standard (GB15618-1995) were analyzed, and some suggestions on the soil digestion method were proposedaccording tothe national action plan for soil prevention and remediation issued on May 2016.According to the global soil pollution status,more selected organic pollutants should be added to the soil environment quality standard.This paper also summarized the development ofpretreatment methods and analysis methods on organic pollutants in soil.The analysis method of heavy metal and metalloid including sampling,sample preparation,QC blank, interferenceelimination were also summarized.Key words　Soil standard; Soil monitoring;Metal;Organic pollutant

气相分子吸收光谱仪光源优化方案探讨

齐文启 1 臧平安 2 郝 俊 2 谢东花 2 刘丰奎 2 溥 旺 2

（1.中国环境监测总站 北 京 100012; 2.上海安杰环保科技股份有限公司 上 海 201999）

摘　要　气相分子吸收光谱法是在规定的分析条件下，将待测成分转变成气态分子载入测量系统，测定其对特征光谱吸收的方法。最早期的气相分子吸收光谱仪是经过原子吸收光谱仪改装的，所以光源采用空心阴极灯。本文对光源的优化做了探讨。通过一系列对比实验得出结论，应用氘灯做光源更加准确合理。改进后的气相分子吸收光谱仪，所做工作曲线线性良好，测量结果完全满足环保标准方法的要求，同时单一光源操作更加方便。

关键词　气相分子吸收光谱法；氘灯；工作曲线

中图分类号　O657

Discussionof　Optimal　Light-Source　Scheme　of　GPMAS

Qi Wenqi1, Zang Ping-an2, Hao Jun2, Xie Donghua2, Liu Fengkui2, Pu Wang2

(1.China National Environmental Monitoring Station, Beijing,China,100012; 2.Shanghai AnjieEnvironmental Protection

Technology Co., LTD, Shanghai, China, 201999.)Abstract　Gas Phase Molecular Absorption Spectrometry is that

the detected substance is inverted into gas molecules to be loaded in a measuring system under the specified analytical conditions.Gas Phase Molecular Absorption Spectrometer was modified by Atomic Absorption Spectrometer in the early times, socathode lampwas used by the light source. In this thesis, it mainly is discussedto set up optimal mode of light source.Through a series of comparative experiments,it provedthat deuterium lampwasusedfor light sourcewhichwasmore accurate and reasonable. Afterbeingimprovedgas phase molecular absorption spectrometer, satisfactorylinearityofworkingcurvewas obtained.Measurement results completely satisfied the requirements of standard methodfor environmental protection, at the same time, it is convenientto operate single-light.Key words 　 Gas Phase Molecular Absorption Spectrometry; Deuterium Lamp; Working Curve.

固定污染源挥发性有机物在线监测系统研制及应用

张深波　柯 亮　齐 宇　章 辉　冯长宏 翁兴彪 叶华俊*

（聚光科技（杭州）股份有限公司 浙 江 杭 州　310052）摘　要　针对固定污染源排放挥发性有机物的特点，研制了一套基于色谱技术的固定污染源挥发性有机物在线监测系统，该系统采用全程高温预处理技术和

高温色谱技术。本文详细描述了该系统主要组成结构、技术特点、性能参数和现场应用测试。测试结果表明，所研制的固定污染源挥发性有机物在线监测系统具有测量精度高、线性范围宽、现场适性强等特点，满足固定污染源排放烟气中挥发性有机物的在线监测要求。关键词　固定污染源；挥发性有机物；在线监测；高温气相色谱中图分类号　X831　

Developmet　and　Application　of　Volatile　Organic

Compound　On-Line　Emission Monitoring　System　in

Stationary　Sources

Zhang Shenbo, Ke Liang, Qi Yu, Zhang Hui, Feng Changhong, Weng Xingbiao, Ye Huajun*（ Focused Photonics （ Hangzhou ） Inc.,Zhejiang,Hangzhou,China,

310052）Abstract 　 An on-line monitoring system for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was developedbased on chromatographic technique. The system uses the pretreatment technology of high-temperature dehumidification and the instrumentation of high-temperature sample loop for the fixed-source VOCs. The main structure, function characteristics, performance test and field application test of the system are described in detail. The test data and field application results showed that the on - line monitoring system of volatile organic compounds has high precision, wide linear range and strong universality, so it can meet the requirements of on - line monitoring of volatile organic compounds in stationary sources.Key words 　 Stationary Sources; Volatile organic compounds; On-line monitoring；Hot gas chromatographic;

南昌站 β 射线法颗粒物在线监测仪与手工采样器比对测试

秦 文*　武云霞　程东正　盛 寁（南昌市环境监测站　江 西　南 昌　330038 ）

摘　要　β射线法大气颗粒物在线监测仪器具有准确度高、使用方便和维护成本低等优点。在介绍仪器的基本原理、主要结构的基础上，为验证 β射线法颗粒物在线监测仪的准确性，利用 PMS-200颗粒物采样器与 BPM-200 β射线法颗粒物在线监测仪进行同步比对测试。测试结果表明，该分析仪性能稳定,

BPM-200型 β射线法颗粒物自动监测系统的颗粒物测量数据与称重法具有明显相关性，两者的相关系数 R=0.9774, 绝对误差<15μg/m3, 均方根误差RMSE<10μg/m3,达到国际同类仪器水平，能够满足大气颗粒物监测的需求。

关键词　PM2.5；β射线法；颗粒物采样器；同步比对测试中图分类号　TG115.3　　　文献标识码　A 　　　国家标准学科分类代

码　460.40

The　Research　on　The　Co-Location　Field　Measurement of　Beta　Attenuation Particulate　Monitor　and　Airborne

Particle　Sampler

Qin Wen* , Wu Yunxia, Cheng Dongzheng, Sheng Jie(Environmental Monitor Station of Nanchang City, Jiangxi

Nanchang 330038)Abstract 　 Beta attenuation particulate monitor has many

advantages, including high accuracy, user friendly, low maintenance cost. Its basic principal and main configuration were described in detail, and the co-location field measurement of beta attenuation particulate monitor and airborne particle sampler was also carried out to confirm the accuracy of the beta attenuation particulate

monitor. The results indicated that a high correlation coefficient was observed between BPM-200 beta attenuation particulate monitor and weighting reference method. The determination coefficient R is up to 0.9774, measure error is less than 15 μg/m^3 and root mean

squared error is less than10 μg/m^3. The resμlts showed that the analyzer possesses high reliability and strong capability of the application and can meet the requirement of fieldwork analysis application.Key words　 PM2.5 , beta attenuation particulate monitor, airborne particle sampler , co-location field measurement

异味分析系统在筛查食品包装纸中异味物质的应用

杨卉彦　范 军　黄涛宏（岛津企业管理（中国）有限公司分析中心　上 海　200052）摘　要　异嗅异味关系到人们生活的方方面面，由于可产生异味的物质种类繁多，且通常在较低浓度下即可产生异味，因此异味物质仪器分析对仪器灵敏度、选择性以及分析目标化合物的范围有很高要求。本文利用固相微萃取（SPME）提取浓缩食品包装纸样品中的易挥发物质，利用系统配置的数据库在三重四极杆气质联用仪上建立多反应监测方法进行分析，方法可给出定性与初步定量结果。结果发现：在异味包装纸样品中所确定的引起异味的目标化合物含量明显高于正常包装纸。说明本文所采用 SPME-GC-MS/MS 法分析，拥有更高的灵敏度和选择性，系统提供的数据库中不仅有方便定性、定量的方法与必要资料，而且包括了 150 种目标化合物气味阈值和气味描述等信息，利于异味的解析。关键词　食品包装纸；异味物质；三重四极杆气相色谱-质谱；固相微萃取中图分类号　TS207.5

Application　of　Off-Flavor　Analyzer　In　Screening　of

Off-Flavor　Compounds　In Food　Packing　Paper

Yang Huiyan, Fan Jun, Huang Taohong( Center of Excellence, Shimadzu Corporation, Shanghai, China, 200052) Abstract 　 Off-flavor compounds analysis is an important subject which effects many aspects of people’s life. Because there are many compounds which can cause off-flavor in very low concentration level, the sensitivity, selectivity and range of target compounds cover are very important for off-flavor analysis. In this paper, the off-flavor compounds in food packing paper were extracted with SPME and analyzed by triple quadrupole GCMS with MRM acquisition method,which was created with the database of the system. Then the method gave the qualitative and semiquantitative results. The results showed the amounts of several off-flavor compounds in odor-abnormal sample were higher than in odor- normal sample. It illustrates SPME-GC-MS/MS can offer high sensitivity and selectivity in off-flavor analysis. The database provided by the system not only has the qualitative and quantitative analytical methods and essential data, but also includes odor threshold values and characteristic odor descriptions of 150 off-flavor compounds which may necessary for further off-flavor analysis.Key words 　 food packing paper; off-flavor; triple quadrupole GCMS; SPME

基于杂散电感分析的 MOSFET 模块布局结构设计的研究

代 茜 1,2　徐 菊 1　郑利兵 1　靳鹏云 1

（1 中国科学院电工研究所　北 京　100190；2 中国科学院大学　北 京 100049）

摘　要　金属氧化物半导体场效应晶体管（Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor

Field-Effect Transistor, MOSFET）模块内部芯片布局及封装结构的不同引起的寄生电感分布的差异对模块的可靠性有直接的影响。为了减小模块内部的杂散电感，提高模块工作的可靠性，本文提出了三种符合要求的功率模块芯片布局结构，对比分析了功率模块内部三种芯片布局结构产生的环路寄生电感对开关过程的影响。结果表明通过不同的布局结构设计，可以实现减小杂散电感，提高模块工作可靠性的目的，为模块的封装提供参考。

关键词　MOSFET功率模块，芯片布局，双脉冲测试，开关损耗，杂散参数，有限元

中图分类号　0657.63

Study　of　MOSFET　Module　Layout　Structure　Design　Based on 　Analysis　of　Stray　Inductance

Dai Xi1,2, Xu Ju1, Zheng Libing1, Jin Pengyun1

(1. Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese, Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of

Sciences, Beijing 100049,China)Abstract 　 Different metal oxide semiconductor field effect

transistormodulehas different parasitic inductance distribution, which is caused by internal chip layout and packaging structure, parasitic inductancehas the direct impact on the reliability of the module. In order to reduce the stray inductance in the module and improve the reliability of the module, three kinds of power modules was proposed in this paper.The influence of the circuit parasitic inductance generated by the three chip layout structure on the switching process was compared and analyzed. The resultsshowed that the layout of different structure design can reduce the stray inductance and improve the work reliability of the module. It can provide the reference for the module package.Key word　MOSFET power module, Chip layout, Double-pulse test,

Switching loss, Stray parameters, Finite element

气相色谱烃类分析系统的改造与应用

常素萍　董永花（神华宁夏煤业集团有限责任公司煤制油化工部质检计量中心　宁 夏　银 川 750411）摘　要　本实验通过对炼厂气烃类组分进样方式进行改造，准确测定了 C1到C6+各组分的含量，同时避免了大量烃类重组分进入色谱柱及检测器，保护了检测器。结果表明：该进样方式改造后，实际样品中甲烷组分定量测定结果的精密度由 5.92%提高到 1.96%，C6+组分定量测定结果的精密度由 8.24%提高到 2.43%，本次改造实验具有可行性，符合分析要求。关键词　甲醇制丙烯;炼厂气;丙烯;气相色谱中图分类号　O652.2　　　文献标识码　A

Modification　and　Application　of　Hydrocarbons　by　Gas

Chromatography　Analysis System

Chang Suping，Dong Yonghua

（ Quality control measurement center of Shenhua ningxia coal

industry group，Ningxia Yinchuan 750411）Abstract 　 In this experiment, the accurate content of C1 to C6+ components was determined by modification of the injection method for refinery gas hydrocarbon. At the same time, the method can protect the detector effectively because it is avoided that lots of heavy hydrocarbon enter column and detector. In real samples, the accuracy of methane content was increased from 5.92% to 1.96% after modification, and the accuracy of C6+ content was increased

from 8.24% to 2.43%. The results showed the modification is feasible and satisfies the requirement of analysis.Key words 　Methanol to propylene; refinery gas; propylene; gas chromatography

哈龙灭火剂回收过程中的快速检定及评价方法研究

宋文琦　薛 岗　徐大军　陶鹏宇（公安部天津消防研究所　天 津 　300381）

摘　要　论述了哈龙灭火剂的性质和现状，阐明了哈龙灭火剂在回收中存在的问题，提出了通过近红外光谱分析技术解决哈龙灭火剂回收过程中的快速取样及检定的新方法，设计并研制了适用于哈龙灭火剂的带压取样装置，用于哈龙灭火剂液态近红外光谱采集。通过化学计量学中的欧氏距离和相似度匹配理论，建立了哈龙灭火剂的快速检定评价模型，利用不同种类的灭火剂的近红外光谱图进行模型的验证，验证结果表明，近红外光谱分析技术能够用于哈龙灭火剂回收中的快速检定及有效性评价。

关键词　哈龙；灭火剂；近红外；欧氏距离；相似度中图分类号　O657.39 文献标识码　A

Study　on　Rapid　Test　and　Evaluation　Method　in　The Recovery　Process　of Halon　Fire　Extinguishing　Agent

Song Wenqi，Xue Gang，Xu Dajun，Tao Pengyu

（Tianjin Fire Research Institute of MPS, Tianjin 300381, China）Abstract 　 The nature and present situation of halon fire

extinguishing agents are introduced. The existing problems of halon in the recovery process is clarified. The new method of rapid sampling and verification in the recovery process of halon is proposed 。 The pressurized sampling device for halon fire extinguishing was designed and developed to collect the near infrared spectrum of liquid halon. According to the chemometrics Euclidean distance and similarity matching theory, rapid verification and evaluation model of halon was established. By comparison and verification of different kinds of fire extinguishing samples, the result demonstrated that near infrared spectra technology is an effective method for rapid verification and evaluation for halon extinguishing agent.

Key words 　 halon; fire extinguishing agent; near infrared; similarity

基于 S7-300 物料分拣控制系统设计及仿真

王 刚（四川信息职业技术学院　四 川　广 元　628017）

摘　要　通过对现行物料分拣控制系统的调查和研究，设计了以 PLC为控制核心，以 WinCC flexible为仿真软件的物料分拣控制监控系统，应用 PLC技术结合气动、传感器等技术，设计不同类型材料的自动分拣控制系统，最终经过多次调试实现了我们所需要的全部设计要求。该系统的灵活性较强，采用模块化程序设计，开发简单，可适应进行材料分拣的弹性生产线的需求。

关键词　S7-300；物料；分拣；控制系统中图分类号　TP273.1　　　文献标志码　A

Design　and　Simulation　of　Material　Selecting　Control System

Based　on　S7-300

Wang Gang(Sichuan Institute of Information

Technology,Guangyuan,Sichuan,China,628017)Abstract 　 Through the investigation and study of the current

material sorting control system, the material sorting control monitoring system was designed, in which the PLC is control core and WinCC flexible is the simulation software. The PLC technology was used combining with pneumatic and sensor, the automatic sorting control system for different types of materials was designed. After many debugging, all the design requirements for our need were realized. The flexibility of the system is strong, the use of modular program design and development of simple, the system can adapt to material sorting demand for flexible production line.Key words　S7-300; Materiel; Sorting; Control system

用于质谱分析的微量气体自动进样装置的研制

李立武　国连杰　夏燕青　妥进才(甘肃省油气资源研究重点实验室/中国科学院油气资源研究重点实验室　中国科学院地质与地球物理研究所　兰 州　730000)

摘　要　一般通过毛细管将常压或低压的气体样品引入质谱仪，进行气体化学组成或同位素组成质谱分析。当气体量很少时，不便于通过毛细管引入样品，所以研制了高真空气体自动进样装置。开展了气体总量、微升量气体组分和毫升量气体中微量组分的分析测试。将该气体自动进样装置与气体组分四极质谱仪连用，检测了微升量级到毫升量级气体的总量、微升量级气体的组分和毫升量级气体中的微量组分，微升量级气体的组分含量检测限达到 ppm(10-6V/V)

级，毫升量级气体中微量组分的含量与质谱响应之间表现了良好的线性关系。关键词　微量气体，自动进样，四极质谱仪，MAT271， Visual Basic

中图分类号　O657.63

Development　of　An　Automatic　Gas　Sampler　for　Trace

Analysis　by　Mass Spectrometer

Li Liwu, Guo Lianjie, Xia Yanqing, Tuo Jincai(Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources, Gansu Province/ Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources Research, Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, PR China)Abstract 　 Gas composition mass spectrometer is a common instrument for gas analysis. Gas samples is usually in normal pressure, sometimes in low vacuum, while gas mass spectrometer usually works under high vacuum state, so we need aninlet device to introduce the normal pressure or low vacuum gas sample into the mass spectrometer, and to maintain the high vacuum work state of mass spectrometer.Here, detail instruction of the self-developed gas automatic inlet device is present, which includesthe hardware and software of the high vacuum valve automatic control and gas pressure measurement. The total gas pressure measurement, component quantitative in micro liter gas and trace component quantitative in ml gas analysis is test. Thedata processing method of gas component quantitative is probed. The gas automatic inlet device combined with a quadruple mass spectrometer can analyzenormal contentcomponent in ml level sample, and trace content component in micro liter level sample. The content detection limit of microliter level gas reachesto ppm (10-6V/V). A good linear relationship between the content of trace component in ml gas and mass spectrometry response is showed.Key words 　 trace gases, automatic inlet, quadruple mass spectrometer, MAT271, Visual Basic

基于 LabVIEW 的显微红外图像温度信息分析软件

翟玉卫　梁法国　郑世棋　刘霞美　吴爱华（中国电子科技集团公司第十三研究所　石家庄　050051）摘　要　为了实现对显微红外热像仪测温结果的温度信息提取，基于 LabVIEW

平台开发了温度分析软件。研究了显微红外热像仪输出 TIFF（Tag Image File Format）图像与温度信息之间的联系，确定温度与图像索引值存在线性的关系，给出了通过图像索引值确定温度的方法。编写了图像温度信息分析软件，实现了对某一线段或某一矩形区域内全部像素点温度数据的提取和分析，并自动存储在 Excel 文件中。自主开发的分析软件与显微红外热像仪软件的分析结果最大误差小于 1℃。关键词　显微红外热像仪；图像；温度；LabVIEW

中图分类号　TP391.41

Software　for　Analyzing　The　Temperature　Information

of　Image　Measured　by Infrared　Microscope　Based　on LabVIEW

Zhai Yuwei, Liang Faguo, Zheng Shiqi, Liu Xiamei, Wu Aihua(The 13th Research Institute, CETC,Shijiazhuang 050051,China)Abstract　In order to obtain the temperature information in image measured by infrared microscope, the software based on LabVIEW was developed. The relationship between TIFF (Tag Image File Format) image exported by infrared microscope and temperature has been studied, the linearity relationship was confirmed, a method to obtain the temperature by index value was proposed. The software for analyzing temperature information of image was developed which can obtain the temperature of all pixels along a line or within a rectangular area, all temperature data were stored in a Excel document automatically. The maximum error of self-developed software was less than 1℃ compared to the software of infrared microscope.Key words　infrared microscope, image, temperature, LabVIEW

超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定大气颗粒物中脱水单糖

赵起越 1*　赵红帅 1　刘保献 1　王 焱 1　袁汉成 2

（1.北京市环境保护监测中心　大气颗粒物监测技术北京市重点实验室　北 京 100048; 2.沃特世科技（上海）有限公司　上 海　201206）摘　要　采用超声萃取与超高效液相色谱-串联质谱联用，建立了测定大气颗粒物中左旋葡聚糖及其异构体——甘露聚糖及半乳聚糖的方法。颗粒物样品用甲醇超声萃取,浓缩后使用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析。采用电喷雾电离方式，对色谱及质谱条件进行优化，对超声萃取条件进行筛选，并进行实际样品测定。在优化的多反应监测模式下，方法回收率在 80.5%----92.2%之间，检出限左旋葡聚糖为 2.0ng/mL，甘露聚糖及半乳聚糖为3.0ng/mL。相对标准偏差 15%以下。相比气相色谱-质谱联用分析左旋葡聚糖及异构体的方法，本方法不用衍生，节省了人力、物力，更快速、经济、灵敏，实际样品的测试证明本方法可以满足大气颗粒物中此类化合物的定量分析要求。关键词　超声萃取;超高效液相色谱-串联质谱;大气颗粒物;左旋葡聚糖;异构体中图分类号　O657.63

Determination　of　Monosaccharide　Anhydrides　in　Atmospheric Particles by　Ultrasonic　Extraction　Coupled　with　Ultra　High

Performance　Liquid　Chromatography-Tandem　Mass　Spectrometry

Zhao Qiyue1* ，Zhao Honghuai1 ，Liu Baoxian1 ，Wang Yan1,Yuan Hancheng2

(Beijing Municipal Environmental Monitoring Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Airborne Particulate Matter Monitoring Technology Beijing 100048 2.Waters Sci.& Technol. Co. Ltd.(Shanghai), Shanghai 201206)

Abstract 　 In order to do source appointment of atmospheric particles, an analytical method was developed for determination of monosaccharide anhydrides （ levoglucosan and its 2 isomers ） in atmospheric particles by ultrasonic extraction coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS /MS). After extraction by methanol and enrichment, isomers were separated on a BEH Amide C18 column (100mm×2.1mm, 1.7μm), with acetonitrile and water served as mobile phase in gradient elution, then determined by UPLC-MS/MS using electrospray negative ionization (ESI-) and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM). Parameters of chromatography and mass spectrometry, as well as conditions of ultrasonic extraction were optimized through experiments. The developed method provided good linearities(r2>0.99) and recoveries(80.5%—92.2%) for 3 isomers. Low detection limit for levoglucosanis 2.0ng/mL, mannosan and galactosanis 3.0ng/mL respectively, RSD is less than 15% (n=6). Comparing with GC/MS, this method is more rapid, sensitive and economical because derivation is eliminated,itsaves human and material resources. Samples of atmospheric particles are detected using this method,it can meet the requirements of quantitative analysis of monosaccharide anhydrides in atmosphere.Key words 　 ultrasonic extraction; ultra-high performance liquid chromatography -tandem mass spectrometry; atmospheric particles;levoglucosan; isomers

FTIR 技术在环境大气监测中的应用

罗明星 1,2　李相贤 1　高闽光 1　童晶晶 1　李 胜 1

（1.中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所环境光学与技术重点实验室，安 徽 合 肥　230031；2.中国科学技术大学　安 徽　合 肥　230026）摘　要　近年来，环境监测成为了社会关注的重点，傅里叶变换红外光谱技术作为新型的环境监测技术，被用于大气环境监测领域。本文从傅里叶变换红外光谱技术的原理出发，介绍了光谱仪的主要结构和定量分析方法。根据测量环境和组份及排放源结构的不同，对不同的傅里叶变换光谱仪进行了结构和原理

的介绍（介绍了不同结构的傅里叶变换光谱仪），形成了对化工厂区的立体化，多平台监测体系。傅里叶变换红外光谱仪以其拥有的实时，在线，多组分的优点，在环境监测领域具有广阔的应用前景。关键词　傅里叶变换红外光谱技术；环境大气；环境监测技术中图分类号　X831

Application　of　FTIR　In　The　Field　of　Atmospheric　Environmental　Monitoring

Luo Mingxing1,2,Li Xiangxian1,Gao Minguang1,Tong Jingjing1,Li Sheng1

(1 Key Lab of Environment Optics & Technology, Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, CAS, Hefei 230031, China; 2 University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026)Abstract 　 In recent years, environment monitoring has been the emphasis of the whole society. As a new type technology, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is applied in the field of atmospheric environment monitoring. Based on the principle of FTIR, the article introduces the main structure of the spectrometer and quantitative analysis method. According to the measurement environment, composition and source structure, the structure and theory of differentspectrometers are alsointroducedin the paper. Then a dimensional, multi-platform monitoring system to chemical industry park is formed. The merits of FTIR, which are real-time, online, multi-component,amplifyits application prospect in environment monitoring.Key words 　 FTIR ； atmospheric environmental; Environmental Monitoring Technologies

再生水中药品和个人护理用品的筛查与确证方法

杨一帆 1　杜振霞 1*　肖志勇 2

（1.北京化工大学　北 京　100029；2.北京市农业环境监测站　北 京　100029）摘　要　药品和个人护理用品（PPCPs）被广泛应用于日常生活，其产生的废弃物也被大量地排放于环境中，常规的水处理并不能充分除去这些污染物，再生水中存在的 PPCPs 类污染物对生态系统存在很大的危害。采用超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱（UPLC- TOF-MS）对再生水中的 PPCPs 进行筛查，并通过超高效液相色谱串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）对筛查出的 PPCPs 进行确证与定量分析。为进一步提高污水处理流程和再生水再利用的风险评估提供了有效的数据方法。关键词　药品和个人护理用品；超高效液相色谱-飞行时间质谱；再生水；超高效液相色谱串联质谱中图分类号　X703

Screening　and　Confirmation　Method　of　PPCPs　in　Reclaimed Water

Yang Yifan1, Du Zhenxia1*, Xiao Zhiyong2

(Beijing University of Chemical and Technology, Beijing 100029, China; 2.Beijing Agro-Monitoring Station, Beijing 100029, China.)Abstract　Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are widely used in daily life and large amounts of these chemicals would be discharged in its original or metabolic state into sewage. Due to the unique stability, the current WWTPs can not remove PPCPs completely, the accumulation of PPCPs in environment and the extent of influence to human health cannot be ignored.The samples were screened by usingultra-performance liquid chromatography-time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-TOF-MS) to find the presence PPCPs with high concentrations in reclaimed wastewater, and UPLC-tandem mass spectrometer (UPLC-MS/MS) was used to

confirm these PPCPs. The resultprovidedthat the methodof empirical data is provided to further improve wastewater treatment processes and to assess the risk of RW reuse. Key words　PPCPs; UPLC-TOF-MS; Reclaimed water; UPLC-MS/MS

光纤光谱仪在六价铬水质在线监测仪中的应用与实验研究

孙颖奇　罗勇钢　赵舒迪　周 霞（南瑞集团公司（国网电力科学研究院）　江 苏　南 京　210003）

摘　要　光纤光谱仪以其出色的光谱测量能力得到了越来越广泛的应用。针对光纤光谱仪在六价铬水质在线监测仪中的应用所进行的实验研究，本文分析了光纤光谱仪的应用方式与影响因素。基于海洋光学 USB4000 光纤光谱仪，本研究搭建了一套实验测量系统，并配制了显色剂与六价铬标准溶液对实验测量系统的性能进行了测试。实验结果表明，本研究搭建的实验测量系统可以实现接近哈希DR2800 分光光度计的测量性能，最大相对误差为 2.6%，长期测值重复性优于 3.5%，完全满足六价铬水质在线监测仪的应用需求。

关键词　光纤光谱仪；水质监测；铬中图分类号　X832　　　文献标识码　A

Application　and　Experimental　Study　on　Fiber　Optical Spectrometer　for　Online　Water　Quality　Monitoring

Instrument　of　Hexavalent　Chromium

Sun Yingqi, Luo Yonggang, Zhao Shudi, Zhou Xia( NARI Group Corporation (State Grid Electric Power Research

Institute), Jiangsu, Nanjing 210003, China)Abstract　Fiber optical spectrometer has been extensively used

for its superior spectroscopy measurement capability. The experimental study on the application of optical fiber spectrometer for online water quality monitoring instrument of hexavalent chromium was made.The configuration of optical fiber spectrometer measurement system as well as the factor that influences the measurement result is analyzedin the paper. Based on USB4000 optical fiber spectrometer from the Ocean Optics, an experimental system has been built up. Chromogenic agent and standard chromium solution have been formulated in order to test the performance of the experimental system. Experimental results indicatedthat the performance of the experimental system is comparable with HACH DR2800 spectrophotometer. Its maximum relative error is 2.6% and long term measurement repeatability is 3.5%, the experimental system can meet the requirement of online water quality monitoring instrument of hexavalent chromium.

Key words 　 optical fiber spectrometer; monitoring of water quality; chromium

柱前衍生-液相色谱法测定土壤中草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸

高俊海　宋桂雪*　宋 薇(谱尼测试集团股份有限公司　北 京　100080）

摘　要　本研究建立了柱前衍生-高效液相色谱-荧光检测法同时测定土壤中草甘膦和氨甲基膦酸（AMPA）残留量的检测方法，并进行了方法参数优化。实验结果表明，按照此方法测定草甘膦和 AMPA 时峰型尖锐、对称，保留和分离效果好，在 2.0μg/L-100μg/L范围内线性关系良好（R2＞0.999）。针对土壤样品加标，草甘膦回收率为 82.2%-86.8%，RSD%为 0.3%-2.5%，AMPA

回收率为 61.8%-69.1%，RSD%为 0.8%-1.2%，说明本方法快捷可靠，精密度高，准确好，满足检测要求。

关键词　土壤样品；草甘膦；氨甲基膦酸；柱前衍生；高效液相色谱-荧光检测；

中图分类号　O657.63

Determination　of　Glyphosate　and　Aminomethyl Phosphonic　Acid　in　Soil　Samples by　High　Performance

Liquid　Chromatography　with　Pre-Column　Derivatization

Gao Junhai, Song Guixue, Song Wei( Pony Testing International Group, Beijing, 100080 )

Abstract　A method of pre-column derivatization-HPLC-FLD was established for the determination of glyphosate and AMPA in soils by optimizing the experimental conditions. The results showed that both target compounds were well separated in the chromatograms, the peaks are sharp and symmetrical. The standard curves of glyphosate and AMPA are all linearly correlated, respectively,R2＞0.999, with a concentration range of 2.0-100 μg/L. The spiked recoveries of glyphosate in soil samples are in the range of 81.9%-89.3% with the relative standard deviations(RSD) from 0.3 %-2.5%, and the spiked recoveries of AMPA are in the range of 61.2% - 69.4 % with RSD from 0.8% - 1.2%. The method is quick, reliable and has good precision and accuracy.Key Words 　 Soil samples; glyphosate; aminomethyl phosphonic acid;pre-column derivatization; HPLC-FLD;

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法测定工业废水中 32 种元素

沙德仁 杨 静*

（德国耶拿分析仪器股份公司）摘　要　本文根据 HJ 776-2015测定工业废水中 32 种元素总量，测试结果表

明：ICP-OES法检出限低，轴向测量、侧向测量、轴向测量 plus、侧向测量 plus，4种测量方式满足 4 个数量级浓度线性范围要求；线性拟合系数均在 R=0.9990～1.0000；精密度 RSD均≤1%；加标回收率以及质控样回收率均在 90%-110%，测试结果满意。ICP-OES 光学分辨率高，可选用的无干扰分析线多，实现多元素同时无干扰的测量。关键词　高分辨电感耦合等离子体发射光谱；工业废水；测定多种化学元素中图分类号　X703

Determination　of　32　Elements　in　The　Industrial　Wastewater by　ICP-OES

Sha Deren, Yang Jing*(Analytik Jena AG)Abstract　According to the HJ 776-2015,We determined the total of 32 elements in the industrial wastewater. The results showedthat we get the lower detection limit, and the requirements of 4 orders of magnitude concentration of linear range were met by the axial, lateral, axial plus, the lateral plus 4 kinds of measurement methods; the linear correlation R isfrom 0.9990 to 1.0000,RSD≤1%; the recovery of addition and QC are from 90% to 110%, the results is satisfied. With the high optical resolution, multi-lines can be used , and fast sequential and simultaneous multi-element analysis can be realized without interference.Key words 　 High Resolution ICP-OES; Industrial wastewater; Determination of various chemical elements

试纸法快速测定水中磷酸盐的研究

李方方 1　邓金花 1,2　黄报亮 1　秦 惠 1

（1.广东环凯微生物科技有限公司　广 州　510663；2.广东微生物研究所　广 州　510070）

摘　要　建立了一种快速、简便、稳定性好的试纸比色法现场快速测定水中磷酸盐。探讨了还原体系、钼酸铵和硫酸等因素对试纸显色深浅的影响。在最佳实验条件下，磷酸盐含量在 3～400mg/L（以 PO43-计）范围内有明显色阶。该方法可应用于现场水中磷酸盐的快速测定，加标回收率在 100～108%范围内，结果与国标法和 Merck试纸无明显差异。

关键词　磷酸盐；测定试纸；快速测定 中图分类号　O661.1

Research and Rapid Determination of Phosphate in Water by Test Strips

Li Fangfang1，Deng Jinhua1,2，Huang Baoliang1，Qin Hui1

(1.Guandong Huankai Microbial Sci.&Tech.Co., ltd., Guanzhou 510663，China; 2.Guangdong Institute of Microbiology Guangzhou

510070，China)Abstract 　 A new colorimetry of test strips was proposed for

rapid, simple and stable determination of phosphate in water solution on site. The factors influencing the chromogenic reaction of test strips such as the reducing system, ammonium molybdate and sulfuric acid were investigated in detail. Under optimal conditions, the concentration for phosphate has obvious color in the range from 3 mg/L to 400mg/L (evaluated by PO43-). The developed approach was applied to on-site rapid determination of phosphate in the water with the recoveries in the range from 100% to 108%, and the result of the method has not significant difference from Merck phosphate test strips and the standard method.Key words　Phosphate; Test strips; Research and Determination

几种新型二氧化氯现场快速检测方法

秦 惠 1　邓金花 1,2　李方方 1　黄报亮 1

（1.广东环凯微生物科技有限公司　广 州　510663, 2.广东省微生物研究所　广 州　510070）

摘　要　本文详细阐述了几种新型二氧化氯现场快速检测方法（包括比色计、试剂盒和试纸）的测试原理及步骤，这些方法分别应用于不同浓度二氧化氯消毒液或纯二氧化氯溶液的测试，结果显示各快速检测方法的测试结果与国标方法基本一致。本文还分析了各方法操作过程中的影响因素和注意事项。

关键词　二氧化氯;现场快速;检测产品;应用 中图分类号　X832

Application　of　Several New　Products　for　On-Site　Rapid　Determination 　of Chlorine　Dioxide

Qin Hui1, Deng Jinhua1,2 , Li Fangfang1, Huang Baoliang1 (1.Guangdong Huankai Microbial Sci. &Tech.. Co., Ltd., Guangzhou

510663; 2. Guangdong Institute of Microbiology, Guangzhou 510070)

Abstact 　 The test principle and procedure of on-site rapid detection products (including colorimeters, test kits and papers) were described in detail in this paper. These products had been used in determination of different concentrations of chlorine dioxide disinfectant or pure chlorine dioxide solution. It is showed that the test results of all kinds of rapid detection methods and national standard methods were accordant. The influence factors and notes during determination of each method were researched too. It

facilitates the products to be choosed and applicated correctly.Key words　application chlorine dioxide on-site rapid detection

基于小波和主成份的 IR-BCI 异步化研究

谢国栋 1,2,3*　官金安 1,2,3

（1 中南民族大学　生物医学工程　湖 北　武 汉　430074；2 认知科学国家民委重点实验室　湖 北　武 汉　430074；3 医学信息分析及肿瘤诊疗湖北省重点

实验室　湖 北　武 汉　430074）摘　要　空闲状态的识别一直是实现脑机接口异步化的难点。本文通过设

计闭眼、文本阅读、自由思想三种空闲状态和模拟阅读工作状态的方案，用主成份和小波变换结合的方法(WPCA)来实现本模式下空闲状态的检测。结果表明：用 32 个通道的 WPCA刻划特征可以识别出工作状态和空闲状态。在用主分量分析时，使用 32 个通道进行特征提取的识别效果显著优于比单独使用其中的一些通道的识别效果，并且两种方法结合使用比单独使用其中的一种分类的正确率要高，最高能够达到 96%。

关键词　模拟阅读;异步;小波分析;主成分分析;SVM中图分类号　TP391.4　　　文献标识码　A

Research　on　Asynchronous　Imitating　Reading　BCI Based　on　Wavelet　and　PCA

Xie Guodong1,2,3, Guan Jin-an1,2,3*

(1 College of Biomedical Engineering, South –Central University for

Nationalities, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China；2 Key Laboratory of Cognitive Science, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Wuhan, Hubei,

430074, China; 3 Hubei Key Laboratory of Medical Information Analysis and Tumor Diagnosis & Treatment, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074,

China;)Abstract　The recognition of idle state has been the difficulty of

BCI asynchronization. In this paper, eyes closed, free thought and text reading were designed for three idle states and the Imitating-Reading (IR) was designed for the working state. At last, the method combined principal component with wavelet was employed in this mode to realize the detection of idle state .The results showed that using this algorithm can identify the working state and idle state. When using PCA for feature extraction, the effect of using 32 channels is much better than the effect of just using some of the channels. And the accuracy of combinational use of two methods is higher than that of a single use of them, which can reach 96%.Key words 　 Imitating-Reading; Asynchronous; Wavelet； PCA；SVM

近红外光谱在线测定重整生成油二甲苯含量

凌 畅 1　刘 朝 2　范 毅 1

(1 中国石化股份有限公司长岭分公司，岳阳，414012; 2 北京中石润达科技发展有限公司，北京，102200)

摘　要　本文介绍了用在线近红外光谱分析技术在重整装置操作中的应用，在线近红外光谱（NIR）法可对重整生成油的二甲苯含量进行快速测定。实验结果证明：近红外光谱法的分析结果能够完全满足生产中的精度要求，结果的重复性和再现性也远远优于气相色谱法所得结果，在所建立的分析模型范围内，该方法能对样品进行快速、准确、经济的分析。基于在线近红外光谱方法对塔

底重整生成油中二甲苯含量的及时监测，调整塔底温和回流量，尽可能降低重整生成油中二甲苯含量，实现增产二甲苯。

关键词　在线近红外光谱; 气相色谱法; 二甲苯含量中图分类号　TE622

Determination　of　Xylene　of　Reformate　by　On-Line NIR

Ling Chang1, Liu Zhao2, Fan Yi1(1Changling petrochemical Corp., SINOPEC,Yueyang, 414012;

2Beijing Zhongshi Runda Technology Development Co.,Beijing, 102200)

Abstract 　 Rapid determination of xylene content of reformate by on-line NIR is described in the paper. The results of NIR can fully meet the accuracy requirement of industrial production. NIR can obtain more repeatability and reproductivity than GC method. In the range of built calibration model ， fast ， accurate and economical analysis can be obtained by NIR. On the basis of determination of xylene by on-line NIR in time, the return flow of the tower bottom is adjusted, as much as possible to reduce the content of xylene in the reformate, more production of xylene can be acheieved. Key words　On-line NIR; Xylene; Reformate

固体废物浸出液中氰化物分析方法研究

陆喜红　徐 荣　纪 昳　胡晓乐（南京市环境监测中心站　江 苏　南 京　210013）

摘　要　目前针对固体废物浸出液中氰化物测定的标准方法尚未颁布，本文用纯水提取固体废物，经 18±2小时翻转振荡，并用容量法或光度法进行浸

出液中易释放及总氰化物的测定。经实验证明，浸出液需在 4℃的冰箱内保存，并于 24小时内分析，方法检出限范围为 0.002～0.24mg/L。两类检出实际样品易释放氰化物 RSD 在 6.9～10.5%，总氰化物 RSD 在 3.4～9.9%；在浸出液中加标，易释放氰化物回收率范围分别为 90.0%～97.0%，总氰化物加标回收率范围为 86.7%～97.8%。该法检出限低，准确度、精密度高，操作性好，易于推广使用，是固体废物浸出液中氰化物测定的理想方法。

关键词　固体废物；浸出毒性；氰化物；分析方法中图分类号　X833

Study　on　The　Analytical　Method　for　Leaching　Toxicity　of Cyanides　in　Solid Wastes

Lu Xihong, Xu Rong, Ji Yi, Hu Xiaole( Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center，Nanjing

210013，China )Abstract　The standard method for analyzing leaching toxicity

of cyanides in solid wastes was not yet issued. Solid wastes were extracted by water, and after flip oscillation for 18±2 hours, the amount of cyanides in leachates were determined by volumetric method or photometric method. It was proved that the leaching liquid should be preserved under 4℃, and be analyzed within 24 hours. The results indicated that the detection limit was from 0.002 mg/L to 0.24mg/L , and the RSD was from 6.9 to 10.5%( easy to release cyanides ), and from 3.4 to 9.9%( total cyanides ). In spiked leaching liquid, the recovery of easy release cyanides was in the range of 90.0% ～ 97.0%, with total cyanides in the range of 86.7%

～ 97.8%. The method has advantages of high accuracy and good

operation , and it is a good method to measure leaching toxicity of cyanides in solid wastes .

Key words 　 Solid wastes; Leaching toxicity; Cyanides; Analytical method

基于快速提取-铅镉专用检测仪测定大米中镉研究

杨玉梅　郑清林　杨景广　王利平（北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司　北 京　101200）

摘　要　建立了基于快速提取-铅镉专用检测仪测定大米中镉的分析方法。通过对样品粉碎度，质液比，提取液组成及浓度，提取方式及时间，质液分离方式及时间，仪器升温程序等方面进行方法优化。结果表明该方法检出限为 0.025μg/L, 定量限为 0.08μg/L，与国标方法相比，相对误差在-3.85%-6.70%，加标回收率在 92.0%-103.5%，精密度相对偏差为 3.09%，台间差无显著性差异。完成一个样品(双实验)测定的时间少于 15min。快速提取-铅镉专用检测仪测定大米中镉的方法，样品前处理简单，方法快速准确，适用于大米中镉的快速测定。

关键词　镉，快速提取，铅镉专用检测仪，大米中图分类号　TS207

Rapid　Direct　Sampling　Determination　of　Cd　in　Rice by　Pb＆Cd　Analyzer

Yang Yumei, Zheng Qinglin, Yang Jingguang, Wang Liping（Beijing Purkinje General Instrument Co., Ltd.,Beijing,101200）

Abstract　A rapid method for the determination of Cadmium in rice using was proposed by rapid extraction pretreatment method and direct sampling detection with Pb ＆ Cd Analyzer. Some factors ,such as the sample size, solid-liquid proportion, the kind of the extract solvent and concentration, the extraction pattern and time, the separation pattern and time of solid and liquid ,and the instrument conditions were optimized. The results indicated that the method detection limit is 0.025 μg/L and quantification limit is 0.08μg/L. Compared with the National standard-GB /T5009.15-2003, the RSD is -3.85%-6.70%, the average recoveries is 92.0%-103.5%. The precision of method is RSD= 3.09% and there is no difference between two instruments. The total time to test one sample (two parallel samples) was less than 15minutes.This method is rapid and accurate without complex sample pretreatment, and it is suitable for the rapid detection of rice samples.Key words　Cadmium; rapid extraction; Pb＆Cd Analyzer; rice

尿液中去氢骆驼蓬碱和骆驼蓬碱的 GC-MS 分析

刘少丹 1　杨士云 2　闵 涛 1　张大明 2

（1.山西医科大学法医学院　山 西　太 原　030001；2.北京市公安局法医鉴定中心　北 京　100192）摘　要　建立气相色谱质谱（GC-MS）法同时测定尿液中去氢骆驼蓬碱和骆驼蓬碱的定性定量分析方法。乙酸乙酯萃取后直接进行气相色谱质谱测定。结果表 明 ： 去 氢 骆 驼 蓬 碱 和 骆 驼 蓬 碱 的 线 性 范 围 分 别 为 0.005-

2.0μg/mL （ R2=0.9994 ， n=6 ） 、 0.01-2.0μg/mL （ R2

=0.9985，n=6），最低检出限分别为 0.005 和 0.01μg/mL,平均萃取回收率分别为 89.03%（RSD=4.07%）、68.87%（RSD=3.68%）。该方法快速、简单、准确且灵敏度高，可应用于吸毒者尿液及临床实践中尿样的检测。

关键词　去氢骆驼蓬碱；骆驼蓬碱；GC-MS

中图分类号　DF795.1　　　文献标志码　A

Determination　of　Harmine　and　Harmaline　in　Urineby GC-MS

Liu Shaodan1,Yang Shiyun2,Min Tao1,Zhang Daming2

( 1.Forensic Medicine School of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, China; 2. Forensic Medical Examination Center of Beijing Public Security Bureau, Beijing 100192, China)Abstract　Toestablish gas chromatography mass spectrometry(GC-MS) method for determination ofharmine and harmaline in urine ， samples were extracted by liquid-liquid extraction, and the extracts were analyzed by GC-MS.The results showed that the linear ranges ofharmine and harmaline were 0.005- 2.0μg / mL (R2= 0.9994, n=6), 0.01-2.0μg / mL (R2=0. 9985, n=6), respectively.Thelimits of quantitation were 0.005 and 0.01μg/mL,and the average extraction recoveries were 89.03% (RSD = 4.07%), 68.87% (RSD = 3.68%),respectively. The method is rapid, simple, accurate and highly sensitive, which can be applied to testurine in drug addicts or in clinical practice.Key words　Harmine; Harmaline; GC-MS