....

:

Carl Orff

(:380)

:

2013

2

1. ..4

2. ..5

3. .................8-11

3.1. Carl Orff.... 9

4. - ..12

5. Music for Children19

6. Orff....22-33

6.1 ......22

6.2 ..24

6.2.1 ..25

6.2.2 ....27

6.3 T ....30

7. Orff..33-43

7.1. .33

7.1.1 .34

7.1.2 .35

7.1.3 ....36

7.1.4 ..38

7.2. ..39

7.3 ...41

8. Orff..43-49

8.1 44

8.2 ...44

8.3 .45

8.4 46

8.5 47

9. Orff .49-51

9.1 Ostinat...49

9.2 Pedal Bordun50

9.3 Descant ...50

9.4 ..51

3

10. Orff ...51

11. Orff

..52

12. .54-61

12.1 ....56

12.2 ...57

12.3 ...58

12.4 .....59

13. Orff .60-65

13.1 .61

13.2 Orff..62

13.2.1 ...62

13.2.2 ..64

14. ...65

15. 67

16. .......70

4

1.

21

,

, .

O Carl Orff (1895-1982)

.

20 .

,

.

o Schulwerk,

,

. , Orff

, .

. Orff

Gunild Keetman.

.

Orff Schulwerk.

,

Carl Orff ,

, , -

.

.

,

,

.

Orff, Orff

Schulwerk

5

2.

20

,

.

.

. -

, .

.

() .

20 (Dalcroze, Kodly, Orff,

Takatina, ..).

.

(

, )

.

,

.

, ,

.

Carl Orff (Schulwerk Orff

Approach )

6

,

( Orff).

Carl Orff Gunild Keetman

Schulwerk . ,

(1950-1954),

20 20

.

Orff

. ,

,

,

.

,

, .

Orff

.

, -

-

.

: ,

, , .

,

. , (

)

.

.

. Schulwerk

, , , ,

.

, , ,

7

, , ..,

. , ,

.

.

,

.

.. ,

,

.

"Schulwerk" :

Schulwerk ( ) ,

.

, ,

, ,

,

.

,

: , ,

, , ,

, ,

- , .

Carl Orff

. Orff Schulwerk

.

8

3.

, [Carl Orff], 10 1895 .

.

: Carl von Orff (1828-1905) ,

Karl Kstler (1837-1924) .

,Heinrich, .

, Paula

.

.

Orff,

.

.

Carl Orff ,

,

1909.

1903.

M 10 ,

, .

,

, , ,

. 1911, 16 ,

, Richard Strauss

,

.

, ,

Friedrich Nietzsche.

Claude Debussy, ,

.

1905 1907, Orff Ludwigsgymnasium,

1907 - 1912, (Wittelsbach),

9

.

.

1924 Dorothee Gnther (Gnther

Schule) ( )

, . '

. 1930 Schulwerk

(" "), .

3.1 O Carl Orff

, , Igor

Stravinsky

,

( ),

, , , ,

. Stravinsky,

, .

,

L'Orfeo (1607) Claudio Monteverdi. Orff,

Orpheus, 1925 Mannheim, ,

1607.

Carl Orff, Carmina Burana,

1803

, Benediktbeuern, .

, ,

.

, Carmina Burana,

o O Fortuna. Carmina Burana

, Trionfi (). ,

10

. , Orff, ,

,

. ,

, ,

.

, . Carmina Burana

. Carl

Orff , Carmina Burana

. Carmina Burana

, Orff

,

Felix Mendelssohn ( ),

.

Orff

1917,

.

Carl Orff Karl Huber,

Die Weie Rose ( ). Huber

Gestapo 1943. , Orff

,

, .

, Sophie Scholl ,

(1949)

FriedrichHlderlin.

O Orff , , .

(Vertonung).

,

. Der Mond (1939) Die Kluge

(1943) Mrchenoper (-). -

Grimm-

, Orff .

11

, ,

, .

.

,

. Orff, , (1959-1960)

,

.

, : Comoedia de Cristi Resurrectione

(1957), (1959), (1968)...

20 1973, Salzburg,

De Temporum Fine Comoedia, Carl Orff.

Herbert von Karajan. ,

Orff , ,

.

Orff

, . Carl Orff ,

29 1982, Andechs,

.

12

4. -

Orff ,

,

.

,

.

,

.

.

.

, Carl Orff

.

20

, , . Jacques Dalcroze

,

. I J. Dalcroze Hellerau,

. Dalcroze , Orff,

.

Orff,

. ,

, .

Roudolph von Laban Mary Wigman

. Laban

. . Mary Wigman

- Dalcroze Laban, ,

.

, .

13

- Orff

Mary Wigman Dorothee Gnther (

. Mary Wigman Dorothee Gnther

- ).

, Orff. Orff

,

.

Dorothee Gnther-

- 1924 , [Gnther

Schule], , .

Orff

-- .

Orff

. .

, .

,

,

. ,

. ,

,

.

, .

, ,

-

-.

.

Orff. Orff

14

.

. ,

.-

"",

-.

, (.

. )

(. ).

.

, ..

, - .

recorder( ),

.

To 1926 Gunild Keetman, .

. Keetman

- .

Orff.

1930 Schulwerk.

Gntherschule

. Gunild Keetman Maja

Lex .

. , , (,

, ), .

,

:

, , , ,

, , , , , ,

.

, (spinettinos)

(portetives). -Carl Orff

15

. . ,

,

Schulwerk.

. Leo Kestenberg,

Dr. Preussner Dr. Walter

Schulwerk. O Kestenberg

Schulwerk,

Schulwerk( Schott Mainz). ,

Kestenberg Schulwerk , , ,

.

. ,

.

Gntherschule :

. .

. Orff .

1946 Orff .

, Dr. Panofsky,

Gntherschule

.

: ;

; .

;.

. ,

! Gntherschule

. .

; , :

Schulwerk ,

.

, .

16

.

(

) .

,

.

. Schulwerk : ,

.

Gunild Keetman , .

,

, , ,

, , .

, , ,

.

. , ,

,

. .

.

,

.

, , .

,

, .

- Carl Orff

1948

.

Gntherschule.

. ,

.

. .

17

.

.

Mndler, Klauss Becker

,

Schulwerk. .

Studio 49.

,

.

,

. . (

) .

.

1950

1954. (Music for Children). To 1949

Gunild Keetman Mozarteum Salzburg

Schulwerk. Dr. Preussner,

Mozarteum Salzburg,

Kestenberg.

Keetman

, .

.

Mozarteum Schulwerk

.

Arnold Walter, Doreen

Hall Keetman Salzburg Schulwerk

. Daniel Hellden Schulwerk

Nina Lange . , Schulwerk

, , , , ,

, , , , ,

.

18

.

.

.

,

. , ,

. Doreen Hall

Arnold Walter .

Schulwerk , , , ,

.

Music for Children,

.

, Schulwerk,

, ,

. Dr. Preussner

Mozarteum. ,

Schulwerk .

.

. ,

1962,

Wilhelm Keller.

19

5. Music for Children

:

. , , ,

,

.

:

-

( - Cuckoo),

.

.

:

-

.

.Ostinati

).

).

-

.

20

.

).

).

. ()

).

).

IV.Rondo

).

).

Rondo ,

.

:

:

.

Borduns o ,V,IV .

,.

21

:

VI II

ostinati.

:

, .

:

VII III

. .

5 :

- (sound gestures)

).

).

).

).

-Bordun

-Ostinato

-Descant

22

6. Orff

O Orff , ,

"" ,

. (elemental) ,

, ,

, ,

.

.

,

.

.

(),

.

,

, . ,

( )

Orff .

Orff .

, ,

. Orff

.

.

6.1

Orff

, Orff

23

(Dalcroze, Kodaly, Suzuki)

' .

,

,

-. ,

(,1995).

- ( )

. ,

.

-

. Orff

, ,

. ' .

.

.

- .

-

- .

, , ,

.

24

.

, ,

, ,

, , , ,

.

,

: .

, ,

.

6.2

,

, ,

. Orff

.

', .

'

. , ,

.

,

.

,

,

, ,

, .

"" "" ,

,

.

.

25

, ,

. , (,

, ), . ,

-

.

,

.

( )

. , ,

.

(, , ..),

.

,

. ,

,

, ,

.

,

, ,

.

Dalcroze

Orff (,1995).

6.2.1

,

:

).

. ,

, .

).

26

, ,

. .

).

.

.

).

.

(,1995).

- .

,

, 7 , ,

.. .

, .

,

( ),

.

. .

,

( ).

, . , ,

, , , , , ,

, ,

, , . ,

,

, .

, ,

, .

27

,

, .

.

, .

, , .

6.2.2

tempo : (lento, adagio,

adante - ) (allegro - ), (allegrto,

presto ).

: )

( ),

. ) ,

tempo

, , ,

. ) , ,

accelerando ( )

.

, :

.

: pianissimo ( ), piano (),

mezzo piano ( ), mezzo forte ( ), forte (),

fortissimo ( ), crescendo ( ),

diminuendo ( ), subito piano (

), subito forte ( ).

: )

) )

) .

28

:

fortissimo pianissimo

( ).

,

, fortissimo.

pianissimo,

. .

.

crescendo

. ,

, diminuendo.

:

( ).

,

, .

: ,

.

.

:

,

,

..

,

. ,

,

,

, , ,

.

:

: .

29

: ..

.

: .

: .

: .

:

. 1 2 ,3 , 4, .

. 1 2, 3, 4 , .

. 1 2, 3, 4, .

:

. 1 2 .

. 1 2.

. .

. .

:

. .

. .

. .

.

.

. .

:

.

.

.

. ()

30

:

.

. .

: ()

:

- ()

: ()

: ()

: ()

: ()

: - ()

: ,

.

: ,

( ).

( ) .

,

, ? . .

. .

?

(), () ().

,

.

6.3 T

, Orff.

31

solfege.

,

.

. ,

- ,

Orff .

- .

,

,

( , , , .),

.

,

,

.

.

. ,

, .

, .

, , :

( ),

( / ), (

, .. ), (

), (

), ( ,

) (

).

.

,

32

, .

, , ,

.

.

, , ,

,

, , , , .

' : ,

(

), ( ),

,

,

( ) ..

O

(, , , , , ,

).

,

.

(.. ,

, ).

, o

. .

' .

( ).

.

, , .

2 : .

( ). 2

33

.

.

7. Orff

7.1

Orff Schulwerk

.

.

, ,

. , Schulwerk

.

Orff

.

. Michael

Mark (1986,.119) Carl Orff

.

.

Orff, Suzuki,

. Suzuki " ". '

, ,

,

. , .

,

, ,

, .

.

34

Orff,

,

, - . ,

,

.

Orff ,

, .

,

-,

Orff.

7.1.1

.

:

- (-)

- (-)

- (-)

(

), , ,

.

, . ,

, , ,

..

(),

, , ,

.

.

.

.

35

.

.

-

. ,

.

.

(-)

, ,

.

( ),

.

7.1.2

.

Orff, - .

,

,

, .

, ,

Orff.

.

, , ,

, , ,

36

.

Orff

.,

.

,

.

Orff ,

.

, ,

,

Maria Montessori,

- .

7.1.3

Orff

. Orff

,

, ,

.

, ,

.

, ,

.

, ,

,

.

. , , ,

,

, .

, ,

,

37

.

, ,

, (

).

, 5-7 .

, .

(sol-mi) mi-re-do la.

,

. ,

,

.

Orff , Orff

.

.

,

.

.

, ,

, .

,

.

. o o

.

, ,

( ).

38

7.1.4

( Orff

), .

,

.

,

,

.

,

.

,

Orff.

Orff,

.

,

,

. .

- , ,

. Orff

.

,

,

.

, .

,

.

, , ,

,

.

39

,

. ,

(feed-back) .

,

,

, ( ) ,

.

- - ,

.

Orff ,

.

.

Orff

, .

,

( ) .

.

.

.

,

,

.

7.2

, . ,

, , .

~ Carl Orff

40

.

. .

.

,

.

,

. , ,

. , ,

,

.

, ,

:

, ,

.,

. -

.

, , ,

, , , , ,

, . , , ,

,

.

.

,

ILM: (Interdependent Learning Model),

:

. - .

. ,

.

, , ,

, .

41

. o

, , ,

, .

.

.

.

, ,

: ,

, , , , ,

: , , ,

.

7.3

Orff

:

,

.

:

,

,

.

, ,

..

42

:

, , ,

, , , , (

) .

"" (. ,

, )

.

.

.

, .

.

().

,

, .

.

.

.

.

. .

, ,

.

, .

Orff ()

. , ,

, , ,

.. Orff,

43

: , , ,

, .

: , , , ,

.

8. Orff

1920, o Karl Maendler

, Orff,

" Orff". 1928

, glockenspiels

.

,

. ,

,

soprano,alto,tenor,bass. .

, .

, , Orff

.

Orff

Orff

44

- , -

Orff(, 1995).

.

,

Orff

' .

,

, ,

,

(, ),

, .

Orff :

8.1

, , -

.

glissandi

. ,

, . Orff

Keetman : (stampfen, sta),

(patschen, pa), (klatschen,

kla) , (schnalzen,

schna). ,

- ,

.

8.2

,

. ,

45

,

: , , , .

: (claves), (wood block),

(castaetas), (maracas), ...

: (triangles), - (cymbals),

(finger cymbals), (bells), (chimes) ...

: , , , ,

(guiro) ...

: (tambourines), (hand-drums),

(snare bass drums), (timpani),

(bongos) ...

, ,

:

,

,

(,2008).

Orff: , , , ,

. : ,

(,1995).

8.3

- (glockenspiel)

46

.

, ,

.

(vibraphone). , ,

,

.

(vibrato).

- ,

,

.

-

, glockenspiels

(,

1995, .113).

8.4

Orff, , Curt Sachs

(recorder),

. .

Orff

,

47

Orff.

, Orff,

,

, .

:

. , Orff

(viola da gamba), ,

( ), , ,

, , ..

Klaus Becker Maendler,

, ,

(bordun porta cello).

, , ,

, .

,

, ,

,

.

Orff ,

, ,

.

,

(,2008).

8.5

-

Orff.

,

, , , .

, ,

,

(, 1996, .79, 83-87)

48

. : (

), .

(, 1995, .111).

, ,

, ,

,

,

,

,

Orff (, 1996, .88.).

Orff , Orff Schullwerk, Music for

Children, ,

.

Orff .

. Orff :

.

.

. , ,

, .

Orff

, .

, .

. , ,

, ,

. ,

,

, (,2008).

49

,

Orff: . Orff

.

Orff ,

. ,

,

.

(, 1995, .113, 115).

9. Orff

9.1 Ostinat

ostinato

ostinato

. ,

(Frazee 1987).

T ostinato () , ,

(), . Orff

ostinato

, .

,

.

. , ,

. ,

ostinato .

50

Orff ostinato

, , , . ,

ostinato ,

ostinato ,

ostinato ,

ostinato, (

), ,

.

9.2 Pedal Bordun

, ,

pedal (), .

.

Orff.

bordun ()

, ( )

( )

(. Do-Sol).

( bordun),

.

( bordun).

bordun(, 1996, .101). ,

(Frazee, 1987, .42.). bordun

9.3 Descant

descant () ,

.

.

51

Orff

, .

( ), -

Orff.

9.4

Orff,

, ,

,

.

I-V

I-IV-V,

. Orff,

,

(, ,

)

.

10. Orff

Orff :

,

,

.

Orff

: ,

, , ,

52

, ,

.

:

,

, , ,

.

:

.

.

Orff

.

: ,

, ,

, , ..

11. Orff

, Orff 1962,

(1902-1999). 1957 Carl Orff

Orff

Schulwerk. -

Orff .

Gnther 1961 ,

, Mozarteum Salzburg,

Orff. To 1962

Orff.

53

Orff-Schulwerk .

.

.

Orff.

Orff .

Orff.

.

M.Murray

.

Orff .

.

,

(5/4, 5/8, 7/8, 8/8) .

1963 1968

Schulwerk.

. Orff

, .

Orff .

.

Orff

.

.

.

.

.

.

1985 .

54

1990

Carl Orff( CARL ORFF).

Orff ,

, .

.

.

12.

,

, .

,

, .

,

.(, 1992).

,

, , .

,

.

: "

" ( 1566/85).

(1) : " ( )

,

, ,

".

, ,

55

, .

,

.

,

, ,

, .

, .

, , .

, , o

, . , ,

,

.

, ,

- .

,

.

,

.

. , ,

. ,

.

, (, 1987; Heudrie &

Bray, 1985).

. E

-

, , ,

.

56

, , .

, , , ,

, , .

, (Laban, 1998;

, 1995; , 1978).

, ,

.

,

,

.

,

.

.

, ,

,

, , ,

.

, , ,

.

12.1

,

.

.

57

.

()

/ ().

,

.

, , ,

, , ,

.

12.2

H. Gardner, Harvard,

Piaget ,

, .

Gardner

,

(Gardner, 1983/1993).

,

Gardner, .

.

,

, , ,

.

,

, ,

. Margaret, (1992)

,

.

58

,

, . T

. , :

.

, . ,

.

Choksy (1986),

, ,

. (1996),

(1995) (1994)

, ,

. ,

(, 1987; ,

1978).

. Orff (1955)

,

, , .

12.3

.

,

. ,

,

, ,

.

59

. Kohut (1990),

, ,

,

.

,

, .

.

,

( Orff, 1955).

, ,

,

.

.

, ,

, ,

(, 1995).

12.4

, /

/ .

.

, ,

60

, ,

(Shreeves, 1994).

, ,

, ,

,

.

, .

H ,

.

. , ,

, (,2002).

13. Orff

. .

, ,

.

.

.

,

.

, , .

, , , ,

, .

61

, . :

, , , ...

: , , ...

,

.

.

. () ,

. ,

'

.

,

. ,

, .

,

( ),

.

13.1 ;

,

.

,

, .

.

.

62

,

.

.

.

,

: , , ,

, ..

, ,

,

( , 2003).

13.2 Orff

Orff Gertrud Orff

, .

.

Orff- Schulwerk

,

.

,

Orff .

13.2.1

Gertrud Orff , Orff

(1939-1953).

1980, Gertrud Orff Orff

Deutsche Akademie fr Entwicklungs-Rehabilitation ,

63

, Kinderzentrum

Mnchen

.

.

H Orff

.

, Theodor Hellbrgge,

.

Hellbrgge

.

, , , ,

, , ,

,

.

.

Gertrud Orff Orff-

Schulwerk.

. Hellbrgge

Orff' (1976).

,

.

. Kinderzentrum Mnchen,

Hellbrgge '60,

. "" i Orff.

64

13.2.2 :

Gertrud Orff Orff Orff-

Schulwerk , . Orff-

Schulwerk

. Orff- Schulwerk

Orff . , Orff- Schulwerk,

""

, (Orff, 1980).

,

.

,

Orff

.

. " ".

.

, ,

(Orff, 1989).

Orff- Schulwerk instrumentarium.

Orff ,

. . , -

instrumentarium

. , ,

,

.

Orff- Schulwerk

Orff .

. . ,

.

65

- ,

-

,

.

14.

,

, ,

.

Siemens (1969),

Orff

,

Orff ,

.

Joseph (1983)

.

Dalcroze,

.

.

Dalcroze

(, 1995).

Moore (1984),

, Orff,

,

66

.

(Donaldson, 1978;

Laban, 1981;Gallahue, 1987; Gruber, 1986; Weikart, 1987; Piget, 1975; Bruner,

1985; Pickard, 1990;Stinson, 1993). Donaldson, (1978)

,

.

,

.

O Gruber, (1986)

.

,

, , ,

.

Weikart, (1987) ( High scope)

-, - ,

Piaget,(1975) Bruner, (1985). H. Gardner,

Harvard,

Piaget , ,

. Gardner

,

(Gardner, 1983/1993). ,

Gardner, .

Pickard, (1990)

.

.

.

O Hohmann, Banet & Weikart, (1979);Moor, (1987); Kraft, (1986) & Joyce,

(1994)

67

,

.

(Orff, 1978; , 1999).

.

Orff

Dalcroze

. (, ),

,

, ,

.

,

,

,

.

,

, 7 ,

( & , 2000).

15.

Orff

Orff

.

68

Dalcroze, Kodaly .

,

.

,

,

, .

,

, .

. H

.

.

,

. ,

, .

,

.

,

-,

/ ,

(,2004)

,

,

.

, ,

.

69

Orff

,Dalcroze . .

, ,

,,.

, ,

.

,

.

.

70

, .. (1995), : Orff Dalcroze, Edition Orpheus . & . , .

, .. (1996), Carl Orff: 1895-1982, ORFEFS, .

-, -

, , 2003

, ., (2000), , , .30.

, ., (2002), . : Gutenberg.

. (2005) -

...

, . (1994), ,

Gutenberg, .

, . (1995), :

, Gutenberg, .

, . (82000), ,

Gutenberg, .

, . (1997), ,, - Orff. ,

WHEWAY, D., THOMSON, S. (2002),

, , , , , , , , ( . , . ), , .

71

. (2002), , ,

(2008),

, ,

Calvin-Campbell Karole (1998) ,Supporting the Development of the Whole Child through Orff Schulwerk,

Dolloff Lori-Anne (1993)-Das schulwerk- A foundation for the cognitive,

musical and artistic development of children

Hetland, L., (2000) Learning to make music enhances spatial reasoning. Journal of Aesthetic Education, 34 (3-4), 179-238.

Moog, H. (1976) The development of musical experience in children of

preschool age. Psychology of Music.

Orff Gertrud (1980) The Orff music therapy

Orff-Schulwerk, Music for Children, American Edition, Vol. 1-5, Pre-school (1982), based on Carl Orff & Gunild Keetman, Music fur Kinder. Schott Music Corporation.Orff, C. (1978). The schulwerk (translated by M. Murray). New York: Schott Music Corporation.

Margaret Murray(1970), Orff-Schulwerk Information- Herausgegeben

vom Orff-Institut an der Akademie Mozarteumu Salzburg, Frohnburgweg 55, Osterreich:, 31 Roedean Cl'escent, London S. W. 15- I~r. 7/8 Frhjahr

Shreeves R. (1994), children dancing, Wandlock Education Company

http://www.primarymusic.gr ( )

72

http://www.eeme.gr ( )

http://www.peemde.gr (

)

http://www.mmb.org.gr ( - )

http://www.isme.org (International Society of Music Education)

http:/www.menc.org (The National Association for Music Education )

http:/www.aosa.org (American Orff-Schulwerk Association)

http://www.musictherapy.org/factsheets/musiced.html

http://www.orff.gr

http://www.orffschulwerk.gr

http://www.orffinstitut.at

http://www.studio49.de

http://www.schott-music.com

https://normt.uib.no/index.php/voices/article/viewArticle/134/110

73

.