גנטיקה של אוכלוסיות. formula for allele frequency, based on knowledge of genotypes
Post on 20-Dec-2015
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p = freq of IB = freq B (IBIB) + ½ freq of B (IBi) + ½ freq of AB (IBIA)q = freq of IA … =r = freq of i… =
p + q + r = 1
In 3 allele case, same mathematical treatment
BUT, if there are random matings, the genotype frequency of offspring is based on solely on the allele freq.
In next generation
Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) Law
&(Chetverikov)
YET, if there are random matings, the genotype frequency of offspring is based on solely on the allele freq.
In this case:
In next generation
Hardy-Weinberg (H-W) Law
Populations NOT in H-W equilibrium
If the processes below do not occur, a population is in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium, the following are unchanged:
Allele frequenciesGenotype frequencies
Phenotype frequencies
If a population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium,
the allele,genotype, and phenotype frequencies will
be stable as long as the HW requirements hold
H-W בשיווי משקל -- הרבה אכלוסיותאז... תיאור של אכלוסיה לפי תדירויות
מתאים (ו'חסכוני') - של אללים
Percent
LocationMMMNNNpq
Iceland31.251.517.300.570.43
Greenland83.515.60.90.920.08
We see HW equilibrium for ‘breeding populations’
We don’t expect HW for, say: the city of New York City Lots of immigration
Not random matings, but many distinct sub-groups
How do HW populations “start” with different allele frequecies? In human populations, often small founder populations:
BUT, MANY human populations are in H-W equilibrium, for example- MN tables we just saw, and:
How do HW populations “start” with different allele frequecies? In human populations, often small founder populations:
Percent
LocationMMMNNNpq
Iceland31.251.517.300.570.43
Greenland83.515.60.90.920.08
If the processes below do not occur, a population is in Hardy-Weinberg (HW) equilibrium, the following are unchanged:
Allele frequenciesGenotype frequencies
Phenotype frequencies
If these processes DOoccur, the populations
change.-Each process can be
studied and quantitated