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Eco-profileEco-profile

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Baseline data

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ISO 14040

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WEEE RoHS EuP

EuP

WEEE RoHS EuP Eco-profile

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EuP

LCA6

LCA

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T ie r n

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LCI

ISO14044

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4.Eco-profile

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F- As

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1.2.

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Eco-profile

(LCI data)

34

Coal MJ 3143.908

Oil MJ 2930.684

Nuclear MJ 2769.945

Gas MJ 1794.719

Hydro MJ 238.7785

Lignite MJ 55.1455

Sulphur MJ 25.6242

Hydrogen MJ 15.0311

Biomass MJ 4.4108

Unspecified MJ 1.9436

Wood MJ 0.1122

Geothermal MJ 0.081

Peat MJ 0.0297

Solar MJ 0.0046

Wave/tidal MJ 0.0034

Feedstock MJ 0

Recovered energyMJ -62.0259

10918.39

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CO2 mg 1306062353metals mg 91.1304

dust mg 6939515.387organics mg 64.6486

SOX mg 6676816.629CFC/HCFC mg 24.0669

NOX mg 4754471.078organo-chlorine mg 17.4791

hydrogen (H2) mg 604554.225Hg mg 16.7927

CH4 mg 512765.5499N2O mg 3.1181

CO mg 184938.7011H2S mg 2.7354

HC mg 159617.5893F2 mg 2.5225

Cl2 mg 26514.2255mercaptan mg 1.3617

HCl mg 19372.0058CHO mg 0.2381

HF mg 8669.9739VCM mg 0.1787

H2SO4 mg 8379.0001DCE mg 0.1682

VOC mg 3940.2188Zn mg 0.0719

NH3 mg 598.4237Pb mg 0.0441

H2 mg 232.7598Cd mg 0.0015

Aromatic HC mg 163.7701Sb mg 0.0004

36

Cl- mg 553435.8576phosphate as P2O5 mg 22.3719

susp solid mg 420033.3249NO3 mg 16.1564

Na+ mg 285734.2406Fe++/Fe+++ mg 14.834

COD mg 259774.0501other organic mg 9.5413

BOD mg 89763.7096Cu+/Cu++ mg 5.0008

diss solid mg 26447.1323nickel (Ni++) mg 4.996

SO4-- mg 21283.7647S mg 4.2073

metals mg 7818.2449Mg++ mg 3.9202

F- mg 7282.6368Al+++ mg 1.481

CO3-- mg 5489.6906potassium ions mg 1.0854

acid as H+ mg 977.6715Hg mg 0.6752

HC mg 795.0559CN- mg 0.0826

TOC mg 783.1961 lead mg 0.0406

deterg/oil mg 708.3636VCM mg 0.0095

diss org mg 423.5249organo-Cl mg 0.0063

ClO3-- mg 342.7723Mn++ mg 0.0034

diss. solids mg 302.5846diss Cl mg 0.0027

Zn++ mg 229.0696BrO3-- mg 0.0021

NH4+ mg 203.0832DCE mg 0.0009

phenol mg 199.708Cd++ mg 0.0008

other N mg 66.7026chromate as CrO3 mg 0.0007

Ca++ mg 48.9903arsenic mg 0.0002

37

mineral waste kg 22.9065

slags & ash kg 16.0014

mixed industrial kg 5.6737

regulated chemicals kg 1.5603

plastic containers kg 0.704

waste to incinerator kg 0.6564

to recycling kg 0.252

unregulated chemicals kg 0.054

putrescibles kg 0.027

plastics kg 0.0052

Waste returned to mine kg 0.0011

tailings kg 0.0011

metals kg 0.0005

wood waste kg 0.0003

unspecified refuse kg 0.0001

kg 48

38

water kg 8208.813

air kg 1628.091

coal kg 112.2693

crude oil kg 65.1154

natural gas/condensate kg 34.5184

sodium chloride kg 7.061

limestone kg 4.5558

S kg 4.1508

lignite kg 3.6559

O2 kg 1.2115

fluorspar kg 1.1319

biomass kg 0.3463

sand kg 0.2462

phosphate as P2O5 kg 0.1768

N2 kg 0.1768

bauxite kg 0.1097

Fe kg 0.0538

wood kg 0.0254

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Eco-profile

(LCA data)

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LCI

()

()

()

()

()

LCA

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CO2

CFC

SO2

NOx

m /unit

n / unit

o / unit

p / unit

q / unit

r / unit

s / unit

t / unit

RD

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Impact category Climate changeLCI results Emissions of greenhouse gases to the air (in kg)Characterization model the model developed by the IPCC defining the global

warming potential of different gasesCategory indicator Infrared radiative forcing (W/m2)Characterization factor Global warming potential for a 100-year time horizon

(GWP100) for each GHG emission to the air (in kg CO2 equivalents/kg emission)

Unit of indicator result kg (CO2 eq)

Substance GWP100 (in kg CO2 equivalents/kg emission)Carbon dioxide 1Methane 21CFC-11 4000CFC-13 11700HCFC-123 93HCFC-142b 2000Perfluoroethane 9200Perfluoromethane 6500Sulphur hexafluoride 23900

Source: (Guine et al., 2002)

Impact AssessmentImpact AssessmentClassification and characterization Classification and characterization Example 1Example 1

()

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Impact category Stratospheric ozone depletionLCI results Emissions of ozone depleting gases to the air (in kg)Characterization model The model developed by WMO, defining the ozone

depletion potential of different gasesCategory indicator Stratospheric ozone breakdownCharacterization factor Ozone depletion potential in the steady state (ODP) for

each emission (in kg CFC-11 equivalents/kg emission)Unit of indicator result kg (CFC-11 eq)

Substance ODP (in kg CFC-11 equivalents/kg emission)Halon-1301 12Halon-1211 5.11Halon-1202 1.25Tetrachloromethane 1.2CFC-11 1CFC-12 0.82HCFC-123 0.012HFC-142b 0.043Methyl Bromide 0.37

Source: (Guine et al., 2002)

Impact AssessmentImpact AssessmentClassification and characterization Classification and characterization Example 2Example 2

()

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Impact category AcidificationLCI results Emissions of acidifying substances to the air (in kg)Characterization model RAINS10 model, developed by IIASA, describing the fate

and deposition of acidifying substances, adapted to LCACategory indicator Deposition/acidification critical loadCharacterization factor Acidification potential (AP) for each acidifying emission to

the air (in kg SO2 equivalents/kg emission)Unit of indicator result kg (SO2 eq)

Substance AP (in kg SO2 equivalents/kg emission)ammonia 1.88hydrogen chloride 0.88hydrogen fluoride 1.60hydrogen sulfide 1.88nitric acid 0.51Nitrogen dioxide 0.70Nitrogen monoxide 1.07Sulfur dioxide 1.00Sulphuric acid 0.65

Source: (Guine et al., 2002)

Impact AssessmentImpact AssessmentClassification and characterization Classification and characterization Example 3Example 3

()

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Eco-indicator

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1.32E+03GWP kgCO2

6.30E-01EU kgPO43-

1.01E+01AP kgSO2

1.61E+03ECA mgCr

1.17E+01EC

1.36E+01WS kgSO2

8.71E-03SS POCP(Photochemical Ozone Creation Potential)value

4.76E+01Waste kg

1.09E+04Energy MJ

8.21E+03Water kg

3.85E-04ODP kgCFC11

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Eco-profile

48

Boustead Consulting Database and Software ECO-it: Eco-Indicator Tool for environmentally friendly design - PR

Consultants EcoPro - sinum Corporate Environmental Management EDIP - Environmental design of industrial products - Danish EPA EIOLCA - Economic Input-Output LCA at Carnegie Mellon University GaBi - (Ganzheitliche Bilanzierung) - University of Stuttgart (IKP)/PE

Product Engineering IDEMAT - Delft University Clean Technology Institute Interduct

Environmental Product Development KCL-ECO 3.0 - KCL LCA software LCAiT - CIT EkoLogik (Chalmers Industriteknik) LCNetBase - Life cycle assessment using traceble US data - Sylvatica SimaPro 7.0 for Windows - PR Consultants SPOLD - Society for the Promotion of Life-cycle Assessment

Development TEAM(TM) (Tools for Environmental Analysis and Management) -

Ecobalance, Inc. Umberto - An advanced software tool for Life Cycle Assessment -

Institut fr Umweltinformatik

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DoItPro 2002DoItPro

QFDE

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(DoITPro)

50

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Gabi 4 Gabi(Life Cycle

Engineering)StuttgartPE company1989Gabi

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SimaPro 19907.1

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LCA

LCA

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1.()2.(NB)

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6.5 ()

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(Glass Fiber; GF) (Poly Propylene Oxide; PPO)

(Polycarbonate; PC) GE

BayerPC30%

PC+ABS

CD

ISO 14049

353.5250

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y

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HIPS 2406.51 1203.255 1203.255 PC 106.806PPO 428.825 428.825 PPO+PS 319.05PS 159.53 159.525 PC+GF 105.33

ABS 317.9 158.95 158.95 29.04PC 241.166 22.887 218.279GF 38.298 38.298

8.70 4.35 4.35 1955.21 977.605 977.605 560.226

Printer A

(g) (g) (g) (g)PC 369.3275 14.6295 354.698 PC+GF 309.44GF 52.8075 52.8075 101.12

ABS 1175.063 553.9138 621.14875 PC 68.271PS 9.135 9.135 ABS+20GF 61.25

PPO 9.135 9.135 PC+ABS 36.47HIPS 50.66 25.33 25.33 PPO+PS 18.27

90.98 45.49 45.49 2762.08 1381.04 1381.04 594.821

Printer A

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60000 (pages) 2 (page/min) 60(min/hr) = 500hr

()48 (w) 1/1000 * 500 (hr) = 24 kw-hr(MJ) 24 () * 3.6 (MJ/) = 86.4MJ

- Printer A

60000 (pages) 5 (page/min) 60(min/hr) = 200hr

()25 (w) 1/1000 * 200 (hr) = 5 kw-hr(MJ) 5 () * 3.6 (MJ/) = 18MJ

Printer B

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Printer APrinter B

Printer A Printer B 510 504 Kg 3511 3296 MJ

391 398 Kg 5.73 5.39 Kg 402.00 532.00 g

Printer A Printer B 1 0.99

1 0.94

0.98 1

1 0.94

0.76 1

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0

1

1( )

( )

(+ )

(+ )

( )

( )

(2) -

Printer APrinter B

Printer A Printer B 6500 5800 g

9 11 0.7763 0.7277 + 977.605 1381.04 g +

560.226 594.821 g 86.4 18 MJ

Printer A Printer B ( ) 1 0.89

( ) 0.82 1 ( + ) 1 0.94 ( + ) 0.71 1

( ) 0.94 1 ( ) 1 0.21

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Case1- (Polycarbonate; PC)

(Polycarbonate; PC)PC

Printer B0.81ABSPrinter BPrinter B

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Eco-profile

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ICIA

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Eco-profile

1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

2. ()

1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

2. ()

1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

2. ()

1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

2. ()

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1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

2. ()

1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

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1. 1) BOM 2) 3)

2. ()

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4340 /

3607 1978

4341 4345

3629, 3664....

2005

2004

2003

1998

2001

2000

1956 1966 1992

1965 3607 1964

1963

1992

2005

3542 4340

2166

2005

4625

4343

4340 2005

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i/oProduct information Process flow Input Emission

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i/o

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/LCA

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_()

A B C D E F G H

5 30 0.2 1 9 0.7 0.6 10 10 66.5 kgCO2 0.5 0.7 0 0.1 0.4 0 0 0.2 0.1 2 kgPO43-

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 kgCFC11 0.05 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.4 0.1 0 0.3 0.7 2.35 kgSO2 0.05 0.5 0.5 0.4 0 0.1 0 0.4 0.8 2.75 kgSO2 50 350 7 20 200 20 0.9 50 20 718 MJ 3 5 0.3 2 0.5 1 2 0.2 0.3 14.3 kg 3 160 15 1 200 3 10 70 20 482 kg

()

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() () R L Water

G R L energy

G green house effect G R L solid waste

L winter smog ()

R L acid precipitation

L eutrophication L summer smog VOC

G ozone depletion ODS() L heavy metals RoHS() A carcinogens

L Eco-toxicity aquatic ECA L Eco-toxicity terrest. ECT

G R L human toxicity G R L non-bio resource depletion

S

P

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CO2

HFCs

SOx

NOx

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AHP

DoITPro

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(Analytical Hierarchy Process)

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1,320 GWP kgCO2 0.066 87 0.63 EU kgPO43- 0.020 0.013 10 AP kgSO2 0.153 1.5

1,610 ECA mgCr 0.071 114 12 EC 0.024 0.3 14 WS kgSO2 0.059 0.8 0.01 SS POCP 0.234 0.002

48 Waste kg 0.227 11 10,900 Energy MJ 0.036 389

8,210 Water kg 0.089 733 0.0004 ODP kgCFC11 0.022 0.00001

1.000 1,336

()

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Eco-profile

Eco-Profile

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Eco-Profile

BO

M

Cu: a g, Epoxy: b g,Glass : c g..

Eco-ProfileAir/Water/Material/Fuel/WasteDust: d mgCO: e mgCO2: f mg..

1(1200)

2(1000)

3(800)

E

RP

LCMPortal

OEM

ODMOBM LCA DATA

Vendor

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Eco-Labelling-

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/ Eco profile

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PCR

EPD

EuP

CE marking

ISO 14025

Article 5

Annex IV,V

Annex V

Annex IV

Annex IV

Article 8

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LCI

EuP Eco-profile