第四讲 matlab 绘图

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第四讲 matlab 绘图. —— matlab 语言丰富的图形表现方法,使得数学计算结果可以方便地、多样性地实现了可视化,这是其它语言所不能比拟的。. matlab 语言的绘图功能. 不仅能绘制几乎所有的标准图形,而且其表现形式也是丰富多样的。 matlab 语言不仅具有高层绘图能力,而且还具有底层绘图能力 —— 句柄绘图方法。 在面向对象的图形设计基础上,使得用户可以用来开发各专业的专用图形。. 一、二维绘图. (一) plot —— 最基本的二维图形指令 plot 的功能: plot 命令自动打开一个图形窗口 Figure - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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  • matlab matlab

  • matlab matlab

  • plot plot plotFigure x, y

  • plot

  • plot plot(x) x, x plot(x,y) y(x)ynmx mplot(x1,y1,x2,y2)

  • plot(x,y,s) s1~3 yellowyelplot(x1,y1,s1,x2,y2,s2)

  • S y m c r g b w k (--)

  • matlab:[ + | o | * | . | x | square | diamond | v | ^ | > | < | pentagram | hexagram ]

    square diamond pentagram hexagram

  • 1. 1x=[0, 0.48,0.84,1,0.91,0.6,0.14] [ x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, x6, x7,]plot (x)

  • 2. 2t=0:pi/100:2*pi;y=sin(t);y1=sin(t+0.25);y2=sin(t+0.5);plot(t,y,t,y1,t,y2)

    yy1y2

  • 3y=sin(t);y1=sin(t+0.25);y2=sin(t+0.5);y3=cos(t);y4=cos(t+0.25);y5=cos(t+0.5);plot(t,[y',y1',y2',y3',y4',y5'])

  • y3=cos(t);y4=cos(t+0.25);y5=cos(t+0.5);plot(t,y3);hold on; plot(t,y4); plot(t,y5);

  • x=peaks;plot(x)x=1:length(peaks);y=peaks;plot(x,y)

  • 3. subplot

    subplot(m,n,p)

  • subplot(1,3,1); plot(t,y)subplot(1,3,2); plot(t,y3)subplot(1,3,3); plot(t,y2)

  • subplot(3,1,1);plot(t,y)subplot(3,1,2);plot(t,y3)subplot(3,1,3);plot(t,y2)

  • subplot('position',[left bottom width height])

  • 4. figure(n) n t=0:pi/100:2*pi;y=sin(t);y1=sin(t+0.25);y2=sin(t+0.5);plot(t,y) figure(2)plot(t,y1) figure(3)plot(t,y2)

  • 5. 4(2)plot(t,y,'r-',t,y1,'g:',t,y2,'b*')

  • 6. title xlable x ylable y text gtext grid on(off) legend axis

  • t=0:0.1:10y1=sin(t);y2=cos(t);plot(t,y1,'r',t,y2,'b--');x=[1.7*pi;1.6*pi];y=[-0.3;0.8];s=['sin(t)';'cos(t)'];text(x,y,s);title('');legend('','')xlabel('t'),ylabel('')gridaxis square

  • 246810t

  • axis axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax]) axis ([-2 2 0 5]) axis(equal) axis on(off) axis auto

  • 7.fplot fplot:fplot(fun,lims) funx lims=[xmin xmax]fplot(fun,lims,'corline') [x,y]=fplot(fun,lims) ,plot(x,y)

  • plotloglogxysemilogxxysemilogyyxtitlexlabelxylabelytextgtextgridplot y . k o w x xb + +g * *r - c : m -. --

  • fplot('[sin(x),tan(x),cos(x)]',2*pi*[-1 1 -1 1])fplot('humps',[0 1],'rp')

  • 8.ezplot ezplotezplot(f) fxx [-2*pi 2*pi]f(x)ezplot(f,xmin,xmax) ezplot(f,[xmin,xmax],figure(n))

  • ezplot('sin(x)')ezplot('sin(x)','cos(y)',[-4*pi 4*pi],figure(2))

  • fill fillx=[1 2 3 4 5];y=[4 1 5 1 4];fill(x,y,'r')

  • 1MATLABsemilogx(x1,y1,1,x2,y2,2,)semilogy(x1,y1,1,x2,y2,2,)loglog(x1,y1,1,x2,y2,2,)5-11 y=10x2

  • 2polarpolar(theta,rho,)thetarhoplot5-12 r=sin(t)cos(t)t=0:pi/50:2*pi;r=sin(t).*cos(t);polar(t,r,'-*');

  • bar errorbar fplot polar hist rose stairs stem fill feather compass quiver

  • bar polar hist stairs stem rose comet

  • errorbar compass () feather () quiver area pie convhull scatter

  • x=0:pi/20:2*pi;y=sin(x);stairs(x,y)

  • h2=[1 1;1 -1];h4=[h2 h2;h2 -h2];h8=[h4 h4;h4 -h4];t=1:8;subplot(8,1,1);stairs(t,h8(1,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,2);stairs(t,h8(2,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,3);stairs(t,h8(3,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,4);stairs(t,h8(4,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,5);stairs(t,h8(5,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,6);stairs(t,h8(6,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,7);stairs(t,h8(7,:));axis('off')subplot(8,1,8);stairs(t,h8(8,:));axis('off')

  • h2=[1 1;1 -1];h4=[h2 h2;h2 -h2];h8=[h4 h4;h4 -h4];t=1:8;for i=1:8subplot(8,1,i);stairs(t,h8(i,:))axis('off')end

  • t=0:2*pi/90:2*pi;y=cos(4*t);polar(t,y)

  • t=0:0.2:2*pi; y=cos(t); stem(y)

  • t=0:0.2:2*pi; y=cos(t); bar(y)

  • t= -pi:pi/500:pi; y=tan(sin(t))-sin(tan(t)); comet(t,y)

  • x=magic(6);area(x)

  • x=[1 2 3 4 5 6 7];y=[0 0 0 1 0 0 0];pie(x,y)

  • pie(x,y,{'North','South','East','West','middle','fa','white'})

  • load seamountscatter(x,y,50,z)

  • a=rand(200,1);b=rand(200,1);c=rand(200,1);scatter(a,b,100,c,'p')

  • [x,y,z]=sphere(20);

    subplot(1,2,1);

    surf(x,y,z);axis equal;

    light('Posi',[0,1,1]);

    shading interp;

    hold on;

    plot3(0,1,1,'p');text(0,1,1,' light');

    subplot(1,2,2);

  • x=linspace(0,3*pi,100);

    Z=[sin(x);sin(2*x);sin(2*x)];

    Y=[zeros(size(x));ones(size(x))/2;ones(size(x))];

    subplot(2,2,1)

    plot3(x,Y,Z)

    grid,xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis')

    title('DefaultAz=-37.5,El=30')

    view(-37.5,30)

  • subplot(1,2,1);

    [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);

    waterfall(X,Y,Z)

    xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');

    subplot(1,2,2);

    contour3(X,Y,Z,12,'k'); %12

    xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');

  • [x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);

    z=sin(sqrt(x.^2+y.^2))./sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+eps);

    subplot(2,2,1);

    mesh(x,y,z);

    title('mesh(x,y,z)')

    subplot(2,2,2);

    meshc(x,y,z);

    title('meshc(x,y,z)')

  • subplot(2,2,1);

    ezplot('x^2+y^2-9');axis equal

    subplot(2,2,2);

    ezplot('x^3+y^3-5*x*y+1/5')

    subplot(2,2,3);

    ezplot('cos(tan(pi*x))',[ 0,1])

    subplot(2,2,4);

    ezplot('8*cos(t)','4*sqrt(2)*sin(t)',[0,2*pi])

  • x=0:pi/50:2*pi;

    y=sin(x);

    z=cos(x);

    plot(x,y,'r',x,z,'g'); %

    Hl=get(gca,'Children'); %Hl

    for k=1:size(Hl)

    if get(Hl(k),'Color')==[0 1 0] %[0 1 0]

    Hlg=Hl(k); %

  • 4 1 plot3plotplot3(x1,y1,z1,1,x2,y2,z2,2,,xn,yn,zn,n) x,y,zplotx,y,zx,y,z x,y,zx,y,z

  • t=0:pi/100:20*pi;x=sin(t);y=cos(t);z=t.*sin(t).*cos(t);plot3(x,y,z);title('Line in 3-D Space');xlabel('X');ylabel('Y');zlabel('Z');grid on;

  • 2 1MATLABmeshgridx=a:d1:b; y=c:d2:d;[X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y);XxyYyx

  • 2surfmeshmesh(x,y,z,c)surf(x,y,z,c)x,y,zx,yzc

  • z=sin(x+sin(y))-x/10[x,y]=meshgrid(0:0.25:4*pi);z=sin(x+sin(y))-x/10;mesh(x,y,z);axis([0 4*pi 0 4*pi -2.5 1]);meshcmeshzmeshmeshcxyzmeshzxy

  • xy[-8,8][-8,8]4[x,y]=meshgrid(-8:0.5:8);z=sin(sqrt(x.^2+y.^2))./sqrt(x.^2+y.^2+eps);subplot(2,2,1);mesh(x,y,z);title('mesh(x,y,z)')subplot(2,2,2);meshc(x,y,z);title('meshc(x,y,z)')subplot(2,2,3);meshz(x,y,z)title('meshz(x,y,z)')subplot(2,2,4);surf(x,y,z);title('surf(x,y,z)')

  • 3sphere[x,y,z]=sphere(n)cylinder[x,y,z]= cylinder(R,n)MATLABpeaks

  • t=0:pi/20:2*pi;[x,y,z]= cylinder(2+sin(t),30);subplot(2,2,1);surf(x,y,z);subplot(2,2,2);[x,y,z]=sphere;surf(x,y,z);subplot(2,1,2);[x,y,z]=peaks(30); surf(x,y,z);

  • bar3stem3pie3 fill3bar3bar3(y)bar3(x,y)

  • stem3stem3(z)stem3(x,y,z)pie3pie3(x)fill3fillfill3(x,y,z,c)

  • (1) (2) y=2sin(x)(3) x=[2347,1827,2043,3025](4)

  • subplot(2,2,1);bar3(magic(4))subplot(2,2,2);y=2*sin(0:pi/10:2*pi);stem3(y);subplot(2,2,3);pie3([2347,1827,2043,3025]);subplot(2,2,4);fill3(rand(3,5),rand(3,5),rand(3,5), 'y' )

  • subplot(1,2,1);[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);waterfall(X,Y,Z)xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');subplot(1,2,2);contour3(X,Y,Z,12,'k'); %12xlabel('X-axis'),ylabel('Y-axis'),zlabel('Z-axis');

  • 5 1 MATLABviewview(az,el)azel-37.5,30

  • 2 1MATLAB3[0,1]33RGB

  • 2(Color map)MATLABMATLABm3 RGBMATLAB

  • 3surfshadingshading faceted

  • shading flatshading interp

  • 3[x,y,z]=sphere(20);colormap(copper);subplot(1,3,1);surf(x,y,z);axis equalsubplot(1,3,2);surf(x,y,z);shading flat;axis equalsubplot(1,3,3);surf(x,y,z);shading interp;axis equal

  • 3 MATLABlight('Color',1,'Style',2,'Position',3)

  • [x,y,z]=sphere(20);subplot(1,2,1);surf(x,y,z);axis equal;light('Posi',[0,1,1]);shading interp;hold on;plot3(0,1,1,'p');text(0,1,1,' light');subplot(1,2,2);surf(x,y,z);axis equal;light('Posi',[1,0,1]);shading interp;hold on;plot3(1,0,1,'p');text(1,0,1,' light');

  • 4 xy0[x,y]=meshgrid(-5:0.1:5);z=cos(x).*cos(y).*exp(-sqrt(x.^2+y.^2)/4);surf(x,y,z);shading interp;pause %i=find(x
  • 6 1 1imreadimwriteimreadimwriteMATLABMATLAB.bmp.jpg.jpeg.tif

  • 2imageimagesccolormap5-26 flower.jpg[x,cmap]=imread('flower.jpg'); %image(x);colormap(cmap);axis image off %

  • 2 MATLABgetframemovieinmovie1getframegetframe()n

  • 2movieinmoviein(n)nn3moviemovie(m,n)mn

  • peaksz[X,Y,Z]=peaks(30); surf(X,Y,Z)axis([-3,3,-3,3,-10,10])axis off;shading interp;colormap(hot);m=moviein(20); %20for i=1:20view(-37.5+24*(i-1),30) %m(:,i)=getframe; %mend movie(m,2); %2

  • plot3 plot3(x,y,z) x,y,zplot3(X,Y,Z) X,Y,Zplot3(x,y,z,s) plot3(x1,y1,z1,'s1', x2,y2,z2,'s2', )

  • axis([xmin xmax ymin ymax zmin zmax ]) grid on(off) text(x,y,z,string)

  • t=0:pi/50:10*pi;plot3(t,sin(t),cos(t),'r:')

  • () pie3([4 3 6 8 9])

  • fill3 = fill fill3(x,y,z,s)

  • 5y1=rand(3,5);y2=rand(3,5);y3=rand(3,5);fill3(y1,y2,y3,'m');hold on;plot3(y1,y2,y3,'yo')

  • mesh mesh(z) znmxy mesh(x,y,z) x,,y,z

  • z=rand(6); 0.8808 0.0729 0.4168 0.7694 0.3775 0.4776 0.3381 0.7101 0.0964 0.6352 0.3826 0.7086 0.1895 0.8791 0.6747 0.8965 0.6876 0.2380 0.7431 0.3594 0.5626 0.8784 0.1217 0.3910 0.7189 0.0899 0.8130 0.4865 0.0768 0.9759 0.8792 0.1610 0.8782 0.1131 0.1433 0.6288z=round(z) 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 1

    mesh(z)

  • mesh(z)

  • 8hadamardh2=[1 1;1 -1];h4=[h2 h2;h2 -h2]h8=[h4 h4;h4 -h4] 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 1 -1 -1 1 1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 -1 -1 1 1 1 -1 -1 1 -1 1 1 -1mesh(h8)

  • [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y) Z=X.^2+Y.^2XYnmX nY mZ37530nm

  • meshgrid z=f(x,y) x,yzz=x2+y2 x=-5:5; y=x; [X,Y]=meshgrid(x,y)

    Z=X.^2+Y.^2

    mesh(X,Y,Z)

  • colormap( [R,G,B]) matlab [RGB]m3r,g,b[0 1]matlab

  • [0 0 0] [0 0 1] [0 1 0] [0 1 1] [1 0 0] [1 0 1] [1 1 0] [1 1 1] [0.5 0.5 05] [0.5 0 0] [1 0.62 0.4] [0.49 1 0.8] [0.49 1 0.83]

  • surf z

  • surf(x,y,z) x,y,z [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30)peaksmatlabsurf(X,Y,Z)

  • surfc(X,Y,Z) [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);surfc(X,Y,Z)

  • surfl(X,Y,Z) [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);surfl(X,Y,Z)

  • cylinde(r,n) r nt1=0:0.1:0.9;t2=1:0.1:2;r=[t1 -t2+2];[x,y,z]=cylinder(r,30);surf(x,y,z);grid

  • 20[x,y,z]=sphere(30);surf(x,y,z);

  • matlab colormap(MAP) MAPm3matlab

  • matlab hsv gray hot cool bone copper pink prism jet II flag

  • shading faceted

  • shading flat

  • shading interp

  • peaks(30);shading interp;colormap(hot)

  • [X,Y,Z]=peaks(30);surfl(X,Y,Z)shading interp;colormap(cool);axis off

  • peaks(30);colormap(hot);colorbar('horiz') figure(2);colormap(cool);

  • a. b.

  • p=peaks(30);mesh(p)hidden on

  • p=peaks(30);mesh(p);hidden off

  • p=peaks;p(30:40,20:30)=nan*p(30:40,20:30);surf(p)

  • p=peaks;p(30:40,20:30)=nan*p(30:40,20:30);mesh(peaks,p)

  • (view(az,el)) az ----el ---- az=-37.5; el=30z=peaks(40);subplot(2,2,1);mesh(z);subplot(2,2,2);mesh(z);view(-15,60);subplot(2,2,3);mesh(z);view(-90,0);subplot(2,2,4);mesh(z);view(-7,-10);

  • a. waterfall) waterfall(peaks(30))

  • y [x,y,z]=peaks; waterfall(x',y',z');

  • b. contour(Z,n)--------nC= contourc(Z,n)------nClable(c)------peaks10 contour(peaks,10);C=contourc(peaks,10);clabel(C)

  • contour3(peaks,20)

  • pcolor z=peaks(30)pcolor(z)

  • moviein getframe

  • [X0,Y0,Z0]=sphere(30); %X=2*X0;Y=2*Y0;Z=2*Z0; %2surf(X0,Y0,Z0); %shading interp %hold on; mesh(X,Y,Z);hold off %hidden off %axis off %

  • *n=10;t=n*pi*(0:0.0005:1);x=sin(t);y=cos(t);plot(x,y,'g'); hold on;comet(x,y,0.02);hold off

  • *R0=1;%a=12*R0;b=9*R0;T0=2*pi; %T0T=5*T0;dt=pi/100;t=[0:dt:T]';f=sqrt(a^2-b^2);%th=12.5*pi/180;%x-yE=exp(-t/20);%x=E.*(a*cos(t)-f);y=E.*(b*cos(th)*sin(t));z=E.*(b*sin(th)*sin(t));plot3(x,y,z,'g')%[X,Y,Z]=sphere(30);X=R0*X;Y=R0*Y;Z=R0*Z; %grid on,hold on,surf(X,Y,Z),shading interp%x1=-18*R0;x2=6*R0;y1=-12*R0;y2=12*R0;z1=-6*R0;z2=6*R0;axis([x1 x2 y1 y2 z1 z2]) %view([117 37]),comet3(x,y,z,0.02),hold off%