លកខណៈភាសាខ្ខ្ែរ - mengkorngdata · neou sun, ph.d in philology page 1

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ពេប៉ា តមឺ៉ាងភ់ាសាវិទ្យា

ថ្នន កប់រិញ្ញា បត្តជាន្ខ់្ពសភ់ាសាវិទ្យា

លកខណៈភាសាខ្ខ្ែរ

បណឌ ិត ពៅ ស ៊ុន្

ឯកសារប្រើ្ាស់ផ្ទៃកនុង

កញ្ញា ២០១២

Neou Sun, Ph.D in Philology Page 1

lkçN³PasaExµr

esckþIepþIm

GtßbTenHniyayerobrab;BIlkçN³PasaExµredIm,I[GñksikSaTaMgT,ay)ansÁal;)andwgBIFmµCati

rcnasm<½nV nig TMnak;TMngFatuTaMgT,ayenAkñúgPasaExµr cab;BITMnak;TMngsTÞtanig sTÞtakñúgBüagÁ TMnak;

TMngsTÞtanig rUbsBÞ½ta nig BüagÁ nigBakü TMnak;TMngBakünigBakü nig CamYyÉktaepSgeTot ¬Ca

Biess kenSamBakü nigl,H¦. GtßbTenH k¾manerobrab;pgEdrBITidæPaBs‘ubR)asicm:g; (aspect

suprasegmental) EdlTak;TgCaBiessCamYykarsgát;sUrelIBüagÁxøaMgkñúgBaküExµrsuT§ nigerobrab;BIBüagÁ

exSaynigBüagÁxøaMgkñúgPasaExµrnig \TViBlénkarsgát;sUreTAelIsUr ¬BüBa¢n³ Rs³¦enAkñúgBüagÁexSaykñúg

BaküeTalBIrBüagÁ nig BaküEdlCaminEmnCaBaküeTalEdlCaBaküExµrsuT§ ¬kñúgenaHmanBakükøay nig

BaküpSM1 ¦ .

mü:ageTot GtßbTenHk¾cg;CRmHTsSn³mYycMnYnEdlEtgEtelIkeT,IgBIlkçN³Biess b¤lkçN³

edayET,kénPasaExµr EdlemIleTA mtiTaMgenaHhak;dUcCacg;dak;PasaExµr[enAÉekaEtÉg minmanTM

nak;TMngtamry³GMbUr nigRkumPasaCamYyPasadéTeTot . enHRbEhlCa eKcg;elItemáIgPasaExµr[

x<s;hYseBk rhUtdl;ePøcKitfaPasaExµrsßitenAkñúgGMbUrPasamYy nig RkumPasamYyc,as;lHenaHeT

dwg? .

PasaExµrCaPasamYykñúgcMeNamPasananakñúgGMbUrGURsþÚGasIu ¬GasIuxagt,Úg¦ nigsßitkñúgRkummn

Exµr ¬Rkummn-ExµrRbéBNI¦ . PasaExµrCaPasapøÚvkarsRmab;RbeTskm<úCaEdlmanEcgkñúgrdæFmµnuBaØ

RbeTskm<úCa nig CaPasaeRbIR)as;sRmab;karbeRgon nigeronkñúgRKwHsßansikSaTaMgsaFarN³ nig ÉkCn

TUTaMgRbeTs ¬c,ab;Gb;rM 2007¦ . PasaExµrmanvisalPaBRKbdNþb;eBjTaMgRbeTskm<úCa EdndI

1 BaküpSMenATIenH sMedAykBaküBIr b¤elIsBIBIrmkdak;CitKñabegáIt)anCaBakümYy b¤begáIt)anCakenSamBakü . minEmndUcBaküsmas b¤

smasBakü (compound word) EdlBaküBIrb¤eRcIndak;CamYyKñaeRbIedayeRbIFatuepSg²man GaKm snViCaedIm edIm,IbegáItBaküfµImYy

eTotenaHeT,Iy .


km<úCaeRkam nigTwkdImYyEpñkénRbeTséfsBVéf¶ . CnCatiExµrEdl)aneFVIcMNakRsukeTArs;enAbreTs

k¾eRbIR)as;PasaExµrsRmab;Tak;TgkñúgshKmn_ExµrenAkñúgRbeTsenaH²Edr . kñúgeBlsBVéf¶enH Gñkni

yayPasaExµrmanRbEhlCaémÖlannak; ¬kñúgenaH enARbeTskm<úCa GñkniyayPasaExµrRbEhlCag

14lannak;¦ .

tamkarelIkeT,Igrbs;elak yUrI ehÁarehÁanIey:v (Yuori Gorgoniev) kñúgsñaédrbs;elakeQµaH

{evyüakrN_PasaExµr} qñaM1966 PasaExµrRtUv)aneKEbgEckCaRKamPasaEb:kBay½BüEdlRKbdNþb;

tMbn;)at;dMbg nig esomrab nigRKamPasaEb:kGeKñy_EdlRKbdNþb;elItMbn;eRkABItMbn;xagelI . RKam

PasaPñMeBj CaPaPasasþg;darsRmab;eRbIR)as;CapøÚvkartamviTüú TUrTsSn_ RbB½nVpSBVpSay tamsala

eron CaedIm .

ebIeyaleTAtamRbePTPasa eKcat;PasaExµrCaPasakñúgRbePTPasaGIusUT,g; ¬enA s‘un³ Pasa

ExµrkñúgcMeNamPasaGIusUT,g; nig minEmnGIusUT,g; kñúgesovePAexmrviTüa pSayedayraCbNÐitsPakm<úCa

kúñgqñaM 2002?¦edaysarkñúgPasaExµrKµanTRmg;Bakü manninñakaeTArkÉkBüagÁ TRmg;BüagÁRbkbeday

RkwtüRkmrwgmaM eKminGacEckdac;rvagRBMRbTl;rUbsBÞ ¬m½rEpm¦ BüagÁ nigBakü eKminGackMNat;fñak;

Bakü)anc,as;lH ¬CaBiesskarkMNt;KuNnam nigkiriyas½BÞ¦ BaküpSM nig kenSamBaküminGacEckKña

dac; kareKarBeKalkarN_lMdab;BakükñúgsMNg;l,H .

kñúgkarbgðajlkçN³rbs;Pasa eKRtUvbgðajBIÉktaPasataMgBIÉktasMxan;²Edlcab;BIsTÞta

¬Rs³nig BüBa¢n³¦rhUtdl;l,H . kñúgTIenH eyIgnwgbgðajBIlkçN³Rs³ BüBa¢n³ BüagÁ TRmg;BüagÁ

TMnak;TMngFatukñúgBüagÁ BüagÁexSay BüagÁxøaMg TidæPaBs‘ubR)asicm:g; rUbsBÞviTüa ¬pñt; nigTRmg;pñt;

karEckfñak;Bakü¦Bakü ¬RbePTBakü viFIbegáItBakü¦ nig l,HkñúgPasaExµr .


EpñksUrviTüa

Rs³

PasaExµr k¾dUcCaPasadéTeTotkñúgRkummn-Exµr ¬kñúgenaHmanPasaeRBA¦ CaPasaEdlmansUr

Rs³eRcInCagsUrBüBa¢n³ KWmanelIsBI30sUr . eTaHCay:agNak¾eday k¾karkarkMNt;cMnYnsUrRs³Exµr

minTan;manÉkPaBenAeT,IyrvagGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrenAeT,Iy .

elaksaRsþacarü ehÁarehÁajI ey:v nig elakRsIsaRsþacarü r:Usa pøam cat;TukfaRs³Exµrman 32

sUr kñúgenaHmansUr [i:], [i], [i:e], [e:], [ea:], [u:ə], [o:], [ọ:], [ọ], [ɔ:], [ɔ], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [ɛ:], [ɛi], [a:], [a],

[aɛ:], [ɯ:], [ɯ], [ɯ:ə], [ɤ:], [œ:], [œ], [aə], [u:], [u], [ɔ:], [oa:], [ɒ:], [ɒ] nig [ao:] .

elaksaRsþacarüXYn sukçmÖÚEcksUrRs³ExµrCa 42 sUr kñúgenaHmansUr³ [i:], [i], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [e:], [e],

[ɛ:], [ɛ], [a:], [a], [ɯ:], [ɯ], [œ:], [œ], [ə], [u:], [u], [ɤ:], [ọ:], [ọ], [o:], [ɔ:], [ɔ], [ɒ:], [ɒ], [ea:], [ea],

[i:e], [ea(ṅ)], [ɛi], [ei], [oa:], [oa], [aə:], [ɔa(m)], [ɔu], [aɛ:], [ao:], [au], [ai], [u:ə], [ɯ:ə] .

esovePAevyüakrN_fñak;TI5 ¬1983¦rbs;RksYgGb;rMkMNt;sUrRs³Exµrfaman37sUr kñúgenaH

mansUr [ɒ:], [ɒ], [ɔ:], [ɔ], [a:], [a], [ea:], [ea], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [i:], [i], [ɛi], [œ:], [œ], [ɯ:], [ɯ], [ọ:], [ọ], [u:],

[u], [aə:], [ɤ:], [e:], [aɛ:], [ɛ:], [ɛ], [ai], [ei], [ao:], [o:], [au], [əu], [oa:], [u:ə], [ɯ:ə] nig [i:e] .

esovePAevyüakrN_fñak;TI8énRksYgGb;rM ¬1986¦ kMNt;cMnYnsUrRs³Exµrfaman32sUr kñúg

enaHmansUr [ɒ:], [ɔ:], [a:], [ea:], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [i:], [i], [ɛi], [œ:], [œ], [ɯ:], [ɯ], [ọ:], [ọ], [u:], [u], [aə:], [ɤ:],

[e:], [aɛ:], [ɛ:], [ai], [ei], [ao:], [o:], [au], [əu], [oa:], [u:ə], [ɯ:ə] nig [i:e] .

edayET,k elak enA s‘un EckRs³ExµrCa31sUr2 EdlmanbgðajkñúgtaragTI1

2 kaledImeT,Iy elakenA s‘un elIkeT,IgfacMnYnsUrRs³Exµrman36sUr. bnÞab;BIkarBicarNaelIsUrRs³mYycMnYndUcCa [ ɛi], [ai], [ei], [au],

[ɔu] eXIjfasUrTaMgenaH CasUrRbkbb¤CasUrBüagÁdUckrNI [ ọm], [am], [um], [ah], [ẹh]… pgEdr edaysarEtehtuenH eTIbelak

seRmcdksUrTaMg5enaHBIRbB½n§sUrRs³Exµr.


taragTI1³ cMnYnsUrRs³ExµrnigsBaØakt;RtaRs³Exµrrbs;elakenA s‘un ¬GñkniBnVGtßbT¦3

elxerog sUrkt;Rtatam API4 sUrkt;RtaCaGkSrExµr sBaØaGkSr

1 [ɒ:] {G} eKtagedaysBaØa

{G} kñúgBakü {Gr}

cYnkaleKtag eday

sBaØa { І} b¤k¾Kµan

sBaØatag .

2 [ɒ] {G ;} KµansBaØatag

3 [ɔ:] {G‘} KµansBaØatag

4 [ɔ] {G‘ ;} KµansBaØatag

5 [a:] {Ga} tagedaysBaØa {Ga}

kñúgBakü {GaBuk} nig

{a}

6 [a] {Ga ;} tagedaysBaØa {a}

b¤ {e} kñúgBakü

{eRsc}

7 [ea:] {G‘a} tagedaysBaØa {a}

8 [ea] {G‘a ;} tagedaysBaØa {a}

3 sUmbBa¢ak;fa enHCasMeNIreTAtamkaryl;eXIjrbs;GñkniBnVb:ueNÑaH .

4 sUr API TaMgenHyktamlMnaMelaksaRsþacarü XYn sukçmÖÚ-TMrg;sUrviTüaExµr 1970



9 [oa:] {G‘ ½} tagedaysBaØa {a}

kñúgBakü {Kab;}

sBaØa { ½} kñúgBakü

{xÞ½r} edaysBaØa { ’}

kñúgBakü {KP’}

10 [ẹ:] {eG} tagedaysBaØa {e}

b¤ { i} kñúgBakü

{sir}

11 [ẹ] {eG ;} tagedaysBaØa { i}

b¤ {e} kñúgBakü

{emþc}

12 [e:] {eG‘} tagedaysBaØa {e}

13 [i:] {GIu} tagedaysBaØa { I}

14 [i] {Giu} tagedaysBaØa { i}

15 [œ:] {GW} tagedaysBaØa { W}

16 [œ] {Gw} tagedaysBaØa { w}

{ i} kñúgBakü {kin}

edaysBaØa {\} kñúg

Bakü {\t}

17 [ɯ:] {GWu} tagedaysBaØa { W}



Edr

18 [ɯ] {Gwu} tagedaysBaØa { w}

b¤ { i} kñúgBakü

{Cit}

19 [ọ:] {GU} tagedaysBaØa { U}

20 [ọ] {Gu} tagedaysBaØa { u}

21 [u:] {G‘U} tagedaysBaØa { U}

Edr

22 [u]5 {G‘u} tagedaysBaØa { u}

nigsBaØa {]}

kñúgBakü {]Tan}

23 [aə:] {eGI} tagedaysBaØa {e I}

24 [ɤ:] {eGIu} tagedaysBaØa {e I}

25 [ɛ:] {EG‘} tagedaysBaØa {E}

26 [ao:] {eGa} tagedaysBaØa {e-a}

sBaØa {»} kñúgBakü

{»kas}

5 kñúgkarpSM ¬Rbkb¦ nwgBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁmYycMnYn dUcCa [ŋ, t, n, p, m] sUr [u] nigsUr [ɔ] mansUrEtmUuy eRbobeFob {kMBug} nig {kMBg;}/

{lut} nig {lt;}/ {Bun} nig {Bn;}/ {lub} nig {lub}/ {TMu} nig {TM} CaedIm .



27 [o:] {eG‘a} tagedaysBaØa {e-a}

28 [u:ə] {GY} tagedaysBaØa { Y}

29 [ɯ:ə] {eGO} tagedaysBaØa

{e-O}

30 [i:e]6 {eGo} tagedaysBaØa

{e-o}

31 [aɛ:] {EG} tagedaysBaØa {E}

sBaØa {É} kñúgBakü

{ÉNa} sBaØa {e}

kñúgBakü {extþ}

pÞúyBIrcMnYnsUrd¾eRcInsnVwksnVab; sBaØatagsUrRs³ CaTUeTA EbrCamanticeTAvij . Rs³mYy

cMnYndUcCa [ɒ] {G-xøI} nig [ɔ:] {G‘} , [ɔ] {G‘-xøI} manEtsUr KµansBaØa . sBaØaRs³mYycMnYn y:agehac

Nas;k¾tagsUrBIrEdr ÉRs³mYycMnYn eTottagsUrelIsBIBIr dUcCasBaØa {a} tagsUr [a:] kñúgBakü [ka:]

{kar}, [a] kñúgBakü [kap] {kab;}, [ea:] kñúgBakü [knea:] {Kña}, [ea] kñúgBakü [teak] {Tak;}nig [oa:]

kñúgBakü [koa:t] {Kat;} sBaØa { i } tagsUr [ẹ] kñúgBakü [tẹc] {tic}, [ẹ:] kñúgBakü [sẹ:] {sir}, [i]

kñúgBakü [cih] {CiH}, [œ] kñúgBakü [cœn] {cin}, [ɯ] kñúgBakü [mɯn] {min} CaedIm .

6 kñúgkarbnøWkñúgeBlbc©úb,nñ [i:e] nig [ea:] mansUrdUcKña ]TahrN_ eRbobeFob eTob nig Tab/ eTon nig Tan CaedIm .


TnÞwmnwgenH eKeXIjsUrRs³mYycMnYneTottagedaysBaØamYy b¤elIsBImYy dUcCa [ɒ:] tageday

{G}, [a:] tageday {a} pg nigeday {Ga} pg, [aɛ:] tagedaysBaØa {e} pg sBaØa {E} pg nig {É} pg

CaedIm .

karEbgEckRs³ExµrCaersiusb¤esrI

manGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrmYycMnYn ¬CaBiesselakRsIhieDIsin¦)anEbgEckRs³ExµrCaBIr

ersius³ ersiusTImYy ¬BYk [ɒ:] ¦ nigersiusTIBIr ¬BYk [ɔ:] ¦. karEdl elakRsIGWes‘nI hineDIsin

EckRs³ExµrCaersuis edaysarEtelakRsIsegáteTAelIeRbkg;sUr (fréquense) Rs³Exµr ¬eRBaHkalNa

eKniyayBIersius KWeBlenaHeKniyayTak;TgnwgeRbkg;sUr¦. edayQrelIkarsegátenH elakRsIeXIj

faRs³kñúgGVIEdlelakRsIcat;TukfaRs³sßitenAkñúgersiusTI1maneRbkg;x<s;CagRs³EdlelakRsIcat;cUl

kñúgersiusTI2.

cMeBaHGVIEdlelakRsIhineDIsincat;TukfaCaersius elakyUrI GaT,icsan;RdÚvic ehÁarehÁajIey:v

[eQµaHesrITI1nigesrITI2vij. Rs³kñúgesrITI1man [ɒ:] {G} ¬1¦, [ɒ] {GxøI} ¬2¦, [a:] {Ga} ¬3¦, [a]

{GaxøI} ¬4¦, [ẹ:] {eG} ¬5¦, [ẹ] {Gi} ¬6¦, [ɛi] {GI} ¬7¦ , [œ:] {GW} ¬8¦, [œ] {Gw} ¬9¦, [ọ:] {GU} ¬10¦,

[ọ] {Gu} ¬11¦, [aə:] {eGI}¬12¦, [aɛ:] {EG} ¬13¦, [ai] {éG} ¬14¦, [ao:] {eGa} ¬15¦, [au] {eGA}

¬16¦/. cMENk Rs³kñúgesrITIBIrman³ [ɔ:] {G‘} ¬1¦, [ɔ] {G‘xøI} ¬2¦, [ea:] {G‘a} ¬3¦ , [ea] {G‘axøI} ¬4¦,

[i:] {GIu} ¬5¦, [i] {Giu} ¬6¦, [ɯ:] {GWu} ¬7¦, [ɯ] {Gwu} ¬8¦, [u:] {G‘U} ¬9¦, [u] {G‘u} ¬10¦, [ɤ:] {eGIu}

¬11¦, [e:] {eG‘} ¬12¦ , [ɛ:] {EG‘} ¬13¦, [ei] {éG’} ¬14¦, [o:] {eG‘a} ¬15¦, [əu] {eG‘A} ¬16¦, [oa:]

{G‘½r} ¬17¦ . cMeBaH [u:ə] , [ɯ:ə], [i:e] elakehÁarehÁajIey:vcat;cUl CaesrITI1pg CaesrITI2pg

ehIyelakEckCaRs³ExµrCaKUesrITI1nigTI2dUcmanbgðajkñúgtaragTI2.


taragTI2 bgðajkarEbgEcksUrRs³ExµrCaKUesrITImYy nigesrITIBIrrbs;elakehÁarehÁajIey:v

elxerog Rs³esrITImYy Rs³esrITIBIr

1 [ɒ:] [ɔ:]

2 [ɒ] [ɔ]

3 [a:] [ea:]

4 [a] [ea]

5 [ẹ:] [e:]

6 [ẹ] [i]

7 [ɛi] [i:]

8 [œ:] [ɯ:]

9 [œ] [ɯ]

10 [ọ:] [u:]

11 [ọ] [u]

12 [aə:] [ɤ:]

13 [aɛ:] [ɛ:]

14 [ai] [ei]


elxerog Rs³esrITImYy Rs³esrITIBIr

15 [ao:] [o:]

15 [au] [əu]

16 [u:ə] [u:ə]

17 [ɯ:ə] [ɯ:ə]

18 [i:e]

[i:e]

tamtaragxagelI eXIjfaKUsUrRs³tamesrITI1nigTI2man18KU.

edaymanTsSn³dUcelakm:aes<r:U (George Maspero) Edr elakehÁarehÁajIey:vsegáteXIjfa³

1- Rs³kñúgesrITIBIrminGacenAxagedImBakü)aneT elIkElgEtBakü {GIuecH}/ {GIucuH}/ {GIucwg}

ecj . eRkABIenH manEtRs³kñúgesrITImYyeT EdlGacenAedImBakü)an .

2- Rs³kñúg esrITIBIrmYycMnYnGacbþÚrsUr CaRs³esrITImYykñúgkarbg;køayBakü ]TahrN_ [mɤ:l]

[prɒ-maə:l] CaedIm.

elakehÁarehÁajIey:v)anbgðajehtuplEdlTak;TgnwgkarEckRs³ExµrCaesrI. elakelIkeT,Ig

fa³ {mUlehtuEdlnaM[mankarEbgEckRs³ExµrCaesrI KWekItecjBItmøg;sUrBüBa¢n³mat;eXas³ ¬B¤¦Edl

naM[mankarERbRbYlenAkñúgRbB½n§Rs³.Rs³esrITI1ekIteT,IgenACamYyBYkBüBa¢n³EdlkalBImun mkCa

BüBa¢n³GeXas³¬føg;¦ ÉRs³esrITI2-CamYyBüBa¢n³EdlBImunmkRtUv)aneKcat;TukCaBüBa¢n³GeXas³

¬B¤¦. edaysarEterIruHRbB½n§Rs³dUecñHehIyminRtwmEtbegáIteT,IgnUvRs³fµIb:ueNÑaHeT EtEfmTaMgbegáIt

Rs³eTVsUrmYycMnYneTotpg} ¬yU>Ga>ehÁarehÁajIey:v³ evyüakarN_PasaExµr ¬CaPasarusSI¦/ mUsÁÚ/

1966/ TM>28¦.


TsSn³rbs;GñkniBn§GtßbTeTAelIbBaðaRs³Exµr

ebIeyaleTAtamkarelIkeT,Igrbs;GñkPasaviTUb¤GñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrfaRs³ExµrEckCa

ersius ¬elakRsIhineDIsin¦ EckCaesrI ¬elakm:es<r:U/elakehÁarehÁajIey:v/ elakRsIr:Usa pøam/ Rkum

GñkniBn§esovePAevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rMkñúgqñaM80¦ eFVI[eyIgmankarRsBicRsBwlelIcMNucmYycMnYnEdl

Tak;TgnwgerOgenH.

cMNucTI1- karEckRs³ExµrCaesrI hak;dUcCamanbgáb;KMnitfa Rs³NamYykñúgGVIEdlehAfaesrITI

mYyb¤esrI{G} [¬elakm:aes<r:U/ RkumGñkniBn§esovePAevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rMkñúgqñaM80 ¬sUmGanesovePA

evyüakrN_fñak;TI5rbs;RksYgGb;rM ¬1983¦/TMB½r9 ] CaKUnwgRs³NamYykñúgesrITI2b¤esrI {G‘} ]Ta-

hrN_ {G}KUnwg{G‘}/ {Ga} KUnwg {G‘a}/ {GI}KUnwg {GIu} CaedIm ¬sUmemIlbEnßmkñúgesovePAevyüakrN_fñak;

TI5rbs;RksYgGb;rMTMB½r10-11¦. RbsinebIGñksikSaRsavRCavTaMgenaHyl;fa manKUsUrRs³NamYy

kñúgesrITI1nigRs³NamYykñúgesrITI2 CaBiessRs³EdlmansBaØatYEtmYydUcKña dUcCasUr{Ga}nigsUr

{G‘a} EdleRbItY {a}EtmYy/sUr{eGI} nig{eGIu} EdleRbItY {e I } EtmYyCaedImenaH karyl;eXIjEbbenHman

karqkElVgedayGenøI eRBaHtYy:agRs³ [ɛi] nig [i:] fVIt,itEtkñúgkarsresreKeRbItY { I} dUcKñak¾eday

ehIyfVIt,itEtRs³TaMgBIrenH Rs³TI1 [ɛi] RtUv)aneKyl;faenAkñúgesrITI1b¤esrI{G} ehIy [i:] enAkñúg

esrITI2b¤esrI{G ‘}k¾edayb¤k¾faRs³TaMgBIrCaRs³muxehIyCaRs³biTdUcKñak¾eday ebIeyaltamFmµCatisUr

Rs³TaMgBIrminGacCaKUeTAtamesrITI1-esrITI2b¤G-G‘)anEdr eRBaH [ɛi] CaRs³sUrpSMnigCaRs³xøI É [i:]

CaRs³sUreTal ehIyCaRs³Evg enHmü:ag. mü:ageTot dUcEdleyIg)anelIkeT,IgBIxagelIrYcmkehIyfa

edaysarEtRs³ExµrmansUreRcIn EtmansBaØasRmab;kt;sUrtictYc eTIbkñúgkarsresr sBaØaRs³mYy

¬PaKeRcInRs³nisS½y¦RtUv)aneKykeTAkt;sUrRs³y:agehacNas;k¾BIrEdr. tYy:ag sBaØa{Tajyar}b¤

sBaØa {Ga} ¬a¦ eKGacykeTAkt;sUr [a:] pg/ [a] pg/ [ea:] pg/ [ea] pg/ [oa:] pg dUecñH fVIt,itEtkñúg

enH eKhak;dUcCaeXIjfa [a:] GacCaKU {G}-{G‘}CamYy [ea:], [a] CaKUCamYy [ea] k¾eday k¾eKGacecaT


sYrfacuH [oa:] CaKU {G}-{G‘} CamYyRs³NamYykñúgcMeNamRs³TaMgbYnxagelI ebIkñúgkarsresreKeRbI

sBaØaTajyarb¤sBaØa {Ga} ¬a ¦dUcKña enHmü:ag. mü:ageTot [oa:] CaRs³eRkay ÉRs³ [a:]/ [a]/ [ea:]/

[ea] CaRs³muxenaH etIeKGacfa CaKUkñúgesrITI1nigesrITI2b¤CaKU {G}- {G‘}CamYynwgRs³NamYykñúgcM-

eNamRs³TaMgbYnxagelI?

cMNucTI2- karelIkeT,Igfa buBVehtuEdlnaM[ekIteT,IgersiusTI1nigersiusTI2rbs;Rs³Exµr edaysar

EtPaBEbøkKñab¤PaBxusKñaénsMNMueRbkg;sUr (bande de fréquense) enaH k¾minR)akdfa[Et {Rs³sßitenA

kñúgersiusTI1maneRbkg;x<s;CagRs³kñúgersiusTI2}¬tamkarelIkeT,Igrbs;elakRsIhineDIsin¦enaHeT

eRBaHRs³mYycMnYnEdlelakRsIhineDIsun ¬nigGñkEdlmanKMnitdUcelakRsI¦ cat;TukfaenAkñúgersiusTI1

k¾GacmaneRbkg;sUrTabCagRs³EdlsßitkñúgersiusTI2Edr. ]TahrN_ Rs³ [ọ] Edl elakRsIhineDIsin

cat;TukfaCaRs³sßitkñúgersiusTI1enaH tamkarBiesaFrbs;elakenA su‘n eXIjfasUr [ọ] kñúgBüagÁTI2

EdlCaBüagÁTTYlkarsgát;sUrénBakü [pɒpọk] {b:b:uk}maneRbkg; 123 hz cMENksUr [u] kñúgBüagÁTI2

EdlCaBüagÁTTYlkarsgát;sUrénBakü [kɔkuk] {KKuk}maneRbkg; 132hz. sUr [ɒ:] kñúgBüagÁTI1EdlCa

BüagÁminTTYlkarsgát;sUrénBakü {b:bu:k} maneRbkg; 104hz cMENksUr [ɔ] kñúgBüagÁTI1EdlCaBüagÁmin

TTYlkar sgát;sUrénBakü {KKuk} maneRbkg; 115hz ¬enA s‘un-RbB½n§Rs³nigbBaðasgát;sUrelIBakükñúg

PasaExµr/ niekçbbTfñak;bNÐit/ mUsÁÚ 1992/TMB½r105¦.

tamry³karelIkeT,IgxagelI eXIjfasUrRs³EdlelakRsIhineDIsincat;TukfasßitkñúgersiusTI1

maneRbkg;sUrTabCag eRbkg;sUrRs³EdlelakRsIcat;cUlkñúgesrITI2eTaHCakRmitx<s;TabCagKñamanTM

hMtUck¾eday.

KYrbBa¢ak;pgEdrfa GVIEdlelakenA s‘un elIkykmkbgðajenH kñúgkrNIEdlRs³TaMgT,ayNa

sßitkñúgTItaMgsUrdUcKñabu:eNÑaH dUcCaenAkñúgBüagÁTTYlkarsgát;sUrb¤minTTYlkarsgát;sUrdUcKña mantMhy

sUrb¤KµantMhysUrdUcKña enAkñúgBüagÁebIkb¤BüagÁbiTdUcKña BüBa¢n³EdlenACab;CamYyCaBüBa¢n³mat;b¤Rc


muH B¤-føg; sÞHb¤minsÞHdUcKña . kñúgPasaExµreyIg Bi)akrkBaküNaEdlkñúgenaHRs³EdleKcat;TukfaCa

ersiusTI2nigersIusTI2sßitkñúgTItaMgsUrdUcKñaNas;. eKeXIjEtBaküxøH²dUcCa {llr} [lɔlɔ:],

{bbr}[bɒbɒ:] ¬kñúgenaH [ɔ:] nig [ɒ:] sßitenAkñúgBüagÁTTYlkarsgát;sUr nigminTTYlkarsgát;sUrdUcKña

enAkñúgBüagÁebIkdUcKña BüBa¢n³EdlenACab;CaBüBa¢n³B¤dUcKña xusKñaEt [l] CaBüBa¢n³eFµj CaBüBa¢n³lMhUr

cMENk [b] CaBüBa¢n³bbUrmat; nigCaBüBa¢n³sÞH cMENk {b:b:uk} [pɒpọk] {KKuk} [kɔkuk] k¾sßitkñúgTItaMg

sUrdUcKñaEdr xusKñaRtg;fa [k] CaBüBa¢n³RnaMgRkGUm É [p] CaBüBa¢n³bbUrmat; ¬edaysarBi)akrkBakü

NaEdlRs³TaMgBIrersiussßitkñúgTItaMgsUrdUcKña elakenA s‘unk¾seRmcykBaküEbb {bbr}/ {llr}/

{BBk}/ {b:b:k} CaedIm mkeFVIBiesaFn_edIm,IbBa¢ak;nUvGVIEdlCaTsSn³elakRsIGWes‘nI hineDIsin Edlfa

Rs³kñúgersiusTI1Canic©kalmaneRbkg;x<s;CagRs³kñúgersiusTI2enaH¦.

tamkaryklT§plénkarBiesaFmkbgðajenH eXIjfakarcat;fñak;sUrRs³ExµrCaersiusedayKit

eTAelIeRbkg;sUrenaH ebItamKMniteyIgpÞal;eXIjfaKµanehtuplbBa¢ak;c,as;lHeT .

cMNucTI3- GñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrmYycMnYnTaMgExµrTaMgbreTsEdlkñúgenaHmanelak ehÁar

ehÁajIey:vCaedIm rkeXIjfaKUsUrRs³tamesrITI1-TI2b¤G-G‘manCak;Esþgkñúgkarbg;køayBakümYy

cMnYn. GñksikSaRsavRCavTaMgenaHemIleXIjfa kñúgkarbg;køayBaküRs³BYk{G‘}køayCaRs³BYk {G}

kñúgKUtamesrI rbs;va. ]TahrN_³ [mu:l] {mUl}køayeTACa [prɒ-mọl:] {RbmUl} ¬[u:] eTACa [ọ:] ¦/[mɤ:l]

{emIl}køayeTACa [prɒ-maə:l] {RbemIl} ¬[ɤ:] eTACa [aə:] ¦/[vɯl] {vil}køayeTACa [bɒŋ-vœl] {bgVil}

¬[ɯ] eTACa [œ] ¦CaedIm ¬ehÁarehÁajIey:v- evyüakrN_PasaExµr ¬CaPasarusSI¦/ qñaM1966/TMB½r34¦.

fVIt,itEt GñksikSaRsavRCavTaMgenaHelIkehtuplbBa¢ak;fa KUsUrRs³ExµrtamesrIGacEsþgecj

tamry³karbg;køayBakümYycMnYn ¬esrI{G‘}køayCaesrI{G}¦k¾eday k¾GMNHGMNagEbbenHminTan;eFVI[

eyIgTTYlyk)anTaMgRsugnigeFVI[Gs;karsgS½yenAeT,IyeT eRBaHfakñúgkarbg;køayBakümYycMnYneyIg

eXIjfaRs³EdlsßitkñúgGVIEdleKehAfaesrITI2b¤esrI{G‘}køayeTACaRs³kñúgesrITI1b¤esrI{G}EdlCaKU

tamesrIEmn ¬dUcCakñúgkrNI [mɤ:l] {emIl}→[prɒ-maə:l] {RbemIl}/ [vɛ:ɲ] {Evg}→[prɒ-vaɛ:ɲ] {RbEvg}

CaedIm¦k¾eday k¾minGacGHGagfaerOgenHR)akdfaGBa©wgenaHeT eRBaHfakñúgkarbg;køayBakümYycMnYn


karpøas;bþÚrsUrRs³minrt;eTAtamKUrbs;vatamesrI dUcCakarelIkeT,Igrbs;elakehÁarehÁajIey:vnigGñk

EdlmanTsSn³dUcelakehÁarehÁajIey:venaHeT,Iy eRBaHfa [e:] kñúgBakü{elg}minEmnKUnwg [aɛ:] kñúg

Bakü {RbET,g}enaHeT fVIt,itEt{RbET,g}køayecjBI{elg} k¾eday/ [i:] kñúgBakü{rIg}minEmnKUnwg [ẹ:]

kñúgBakü{rebg}enaHeT fVIt,itEt {rebg}køayecjBI{rIg}k¾eday/ [oa:] kñúgBakü{lab;}minEmnCaKUnwg [a]

kñúgBakü{søab;}enaHeT fVIt,itEt{søab;}køayecjBI{lab;}k¾eday eRBaHTI1- ebIeyaleTAtamelakehÁar

ehÁajIey:vnigGñkEdlmanTsSn³dUcelakEdrenaH eXIjfa [e:] kñúgBakü{elg}minEmnKUnwg [aɛ:] kñúg

Bakü {RbET,g}/ [i:] kñúgBakü{rIg}minEmnKUnwg [ẹ:] kñúgBakü{rebg}/ [oa:] kñúgBakü{lab;}minEmnCaKUnwg

[a] enaHeT ¬sUmGantaragTI2kñúgGtßbTenHEdlniyayBIkarEckKUsUrRs³ExµreTAtamesrIrbs;elakehÁar

ehÁajIey:v¦. TI2- ebIeyaleTAtamkarEckRs³sUreTalnigRs³sUrpSMtamEbbelakXYn sukçmÖÚnigGñk

EdlmanKMnitdUcelakEdrenaH eXIjfakarEcksUrRs³CaKUeTAtamesrIrwtEtminGacTTYlyk)aneTAeTot

eRBaHebIKiteTAtamelakXYn sukçmÖÚ [e:] kñúgBakü{elg}CaRs³sUreTalminGacCaKUnwg [aɛ:] CaRs³sUr

pSM)aneT,Iy ¬eRBaHxusFmµCatisUrKña¦ dUcKñaenHEdr [oa:] kñúgBakü{lab;}minGacCaKUnwg [a] kñúgBakü

{søab;})anEdr ¬eRBaHmYysUrpSM mYysUreTal mYyCaRs³Evg mYyCaRs³xøI mYyCaRs³eRkay mYyCaRs³

mux¦ [ɤ:] kñúgBakü {emIl}minGacCaKUnwg [aə:] kñúgBakü{RbemIl} CaedIm)anEdr eRBaHmYyCaRs³eTal

nigmYyCaRs³pSM .l.nig.l. ¬sUmemIl³ XYn sukçmÖÚ-TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr/ 1970/TMB½r45-77¦.

snñidæan

tamkarelIkeT,IgrYcmkenH eXIjfakarEbgEckRs³ExµrCaKUeTAtamesrIb¤KU {G}- {G‘}enaH Ca erOgmYy

EdlGac[eKeFVIkarRbEkktv:a b¤minRsbtam)an.

dUcKñaenHEdr karEbgEckRs³ExµrCaesrITI1nigesrITI2b¤esrIG-G‘ eTIbEtekIteT,IgmanenAeBl

EdlExµrykGkSr\NÐaEb:kxagt,Úg ¬GkSreTvnaKirInigGkSrRBhµI¦mkécñeFVICaGkSrCatixøÜn nigenAeBl

EdlExµrcmøgykcMNat;fñak;sUr¬CaBiesssUrBüBa¢n³¦mkeFVICacMNat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³ExµrpgEdrenaHeTIb

GñkevyüakrN_ExµrRbéBNIcat;sUrBüBa¢n³eTAtamGVIEdlelak):aninIcat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³PasasMRsáwt ¬sUm

emIlelakBUv G‘um/ elakG‘uy CYn/ elakeGov ekIs/ vcnanuRkmExµrbs;viTüasßanBuT§sasnbNÐitüe)aH


Bum<RKaTI5/ qñaM1967¦. tamcMNat;fñak;enH BüBa¢n³ExµrEckCavKÁtamTIbnøW EckCasUreXas³ GeXas³

Fnit-sifiltamEbbPasasMRsáwt ¬karEbgEcksUreXas³-GeXas³kñúgeBleRkaymkmanlkçN³xus

BIenH-sUmemIlkñúgEpñkBüBa¢n³énGtßbTenH¦.

cMeNreRkaymk GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnrYmTaMgCnCatibreTsEdlkñúgenaHmanelakKINUv

¬PasaviTUGaløWm:g;¦/ elakehÁarehÁajIey:v¬PasaviTYCatirusSIú¦CaedImnigrYmTaMgCnCatiExµrmanelakekg

v:an;sak;/ elakXYn suxmÖÚnigGñkmanKMnitdUcelakTaMgenaH emIleXIjBIGeXasnIykmµ ¬tmøg;kmµ¦ sUr

BüBa¢n³mat;EdlGñksikSaRsavRCavBImunmkcat;TukfaCasUreXas³ dUcCasUr [g] CasUreXas³Edltag

edaysBaØa {K} ExµreyIgbnøW)anEtsUr [k] dUcsUr [k] sUrGeXas³EdltagedaysBaØa{k}Edr/ sUr [jh]

CasUreXas³ Edl tagedaysBaØa {Q} sRmab;ExµrbnøWdUcEtKñanwgsUr [ch] sUrGeXas³ [ch] Edltag

edaysBaØa{q} EdrCaedIm. GeXasnIykmµkmµenHCaktþamYyEdlnaM[GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYn

¬mYycMnYnFM¦EckBüBa¢n³ExµrCamUlePTG-G‘ ehIyEckRs³ExµrCaesrITI1nigesrITI2b¤esrIG-G ‘ nigsnµt

fa BüBa¢n³nig Rs³ExµrmanKU eTAtammUlePTnigtamesrIEfmeTotpg.

dUcGVIEdleyIgeFVIkt;sMKal;elIbIcMNucxagelI eXIjfakarEbgEckRs³ExµrCaersiusb¤CaesrI nig

karEckBüBa¢n³ExµrCamUlePTG-G‘rbs;elakGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrmYycMnYn KWCakarEbgEckeday

Ep¥kelIrebobGannigrebobsresrGkSrExµr minEmnEp¥kelIsUrFmµCatirbs;Rs³ExµreT,Iy.

GVIEdlCatwktagminGacRbEkk)anenaH KWkarmindwgCaEbgEckRs³bIKW [u:ə], [ɯ:ə] nig [i:e]

eTAkñúgesrINamYyc,as;lHfa etIsUrRs³TaMgbIenHsßitkñúgesrITImYyb¤esrITIBIr edaysarEtehtuenHeTIb

GñksikSaRsavRCavmYyRkum¬CaRkumFMeTot pg¦ cat;TukfaRs³TaMgbIenHenAkñúgesrI{G}nigenAkñúgesrI{G‘}

pg eRBaHfaebIeKyktYRs³TaMgenaHeTA sresrCamYyGVIEdleKcat;TukfaCaBüBa¢n³mUl ePTb¤BYk{G}b¤k¾

sresrCamYyGVIEdleKcat;TukfaCa BüBa¢n³mUlePTb¤BYk {G‘{k¾sUrRs³TaMgenaHminERbRbYlsUreT,IyEdl

xusBIRs³eRkABIenHEdlERbRbYlsUreTAtammUlePTb¤BYkBüBa¢n³.

edaysarEtkaryl;eXIjEbbenHehIy eTIbGñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnEtg EtelIkeT,Igfa

{Rs³ExµrdYlsUreTAtamsUrBüBa¢n³ ebIBüBa¢n³{G} Rs³k¾mansUr{G} ebIBüBa¢n³ {G‘}Rs³k¾dYlsUreTACa


{G‘}Edr. karyl;eXIjEbbenHCakarEckmindac;nUvG VIEdlCarebobsresrnigrebobGantYGkSrnigGVI

EdlCasUrPasa ¬sTÞta¦. tamBiteTAsUrRs³kþI sUrBüBa¢n³Edldak;pSMCamYyKñaminman sUrNamYydYl

eTAtamsUrNamYyenaHeT. ]TahrN_ kñúg [ki:] eKminGacniyay [k] dYleTAtam [i:] b¤k¾ [i:] dYleTAtam

[k] enaHeT,Iy RKan;EtkñúgbnSMsUrenHsUrRs³B¤lb;elIsUrBüBa¢n³b:ueNÑaH edaysarEtsUrBüBa¢n³minGac

mansUrc,as;lHRbsinebIKµansUrRs³enACamYy .

mü:ageTot sUrEdlekItecjBIkarGanbMeBjtYnaTI RtwmEt[GñkGandwgfatYGkSrNapSMCamYy

tYGkSrNa eKRtUvGanfay:agem:cb:ueNÑaH. k¾b:uEnþsUrEdlecjBIkarGankøayCasUrPasa enAeBlEdlsUr

enaHbeRmIkarTak;TgKñanigkñúgkarbeBa©jKMnitrbs;mnusSkñúgshKmn_NamYyeRBaHsUrPasa¬sTÞta¦man

muxgarsMxan;mYyKWmuxgarbMEbøkn½y (distinctive function) ehIysUrPasaEdlCalT§plénGMNanenHmin

Ep¥keTAelIsMeNrenaHeT. ]TahrN_ {esþc} eKsresrnwgRs³ {e} EteKGanfa {sþac;} dUcCa

{sac;}b¤{dac;}EdleKsresrnwgRs³ {a} enaHEdr ÉsUrvijRtUveKkt;Ca [sdac] EdrminEmnCa [sdẹc] dUc

Bakü [mdẹc] {emþc} enaHeT/ {bþwg} fVIt,itEteKyktY {b} mksresrk¾eday k¾eKGanfa [pdœŋ] KWsUr

[p] {b:} eTAvij . )ann½yfaeTaHCaeKsresrEbbNak¾eday ebIeKGany:agNaenaH eKB¤sUrEdlbnøW

eT,IgeTAtamsUrEdleKGanenaHEdr ehIyeKeFVIkarkt;sUreTAtamGVIEdleKB¤enaHeTA. kñúgkarkt;sUrbnøWb¤

karGan eKbegáItnimitþsBaØasRmab;kt;sUrTaMgenaH. nimitþsBaØaenaHCaGkçrRkmsUrviTüaGnþrCatiEdlman

RbeyaCn_sMxan;sRmab;[GñksikSaRsavRCavRKb;Catisasn_)ansÁal;nig)ansikSac,as;lHeTAelIPasa

NamYy.

dUecñH eyIgbBa¢ak;ehIybBa¢ak;eTotfasUrRs³ExµrmansUreTAtamFmµCatirbs;va KWKµansUrRbePT

{G}nigsUrRbePT{G‘}enaHeT. eKEbgEckRs³ExµrCaRbePTb¤CaesrI{G}-{G‘}enaH KWeTAtamtYBüBa¢n³Edl

maneRcIn EtmansUrtic nigRs³EdlmantYtic EtsUreRcInb:ueNÑaH. RbsinebIeKbegáIttYRs³EdlminTan;

mantY)anenaH eKnwgQb;niyayBI {G-G‘} eTotehIy ehIytYBüBa¢n³xøHnwgRtUveKdkecjBIlMdab;Gkçr

RkmBüBa¢n³ExµreTotpg.


karEcksUrRs³Evg-xøI

GñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrTaMgGs;RsbmtiKñakñúgkarEcksUrRs³ExµrCasUrEvgnigsUrxøI. sUrRs³

xøIkñúgPasaExµr k¾dUcCakñúgPasadéTeTot PaKeRcInCaRs³sUrbiTnigCaRs³Edlry³eBlbnøWxøI EdlpÞúyBI

Rs³EvgEdlPaKeRcInCaRs³ebIknigmanry³eBlbnøWEvg. Rs³xøIkñúgPasaExµrman [ɒ], [ɔ], [a], [ea], [ẹ],

[i], [ɛi], [œ], [ɯ], [ọ], [u], [ai], [ei], [au], [ɔu] cMENkÉRs³Evgman [ɒ:], [ɔ:], [a:], [ea:], [oa:] [ẹ:], [i:],,

[œ:], [ɯ:], [ọ:], [u:], [uə:], [ɤ:], [aə:], [ɯə:], [ie:], [e:], [aɛ:], [ɛ:], [ao:], [o:] .

eKeXIjPaBxusKñarvagRs³EvgnigRs³xøIkñúgPasaExµrminEmnRtwmEtkarkMNt;elIPaBbiT-ebIkb¤

elIry³eBlbnøWEdlsßitkñúgkRmitsUrviTüab:ueNÑaHeT EteKGaceXIjPaBxusKñarvagRs³EvgnigRs³xøIenA

kñúgkRmitBüagÁnigBakü. kñúgkRmitBüagÁ cMeBaHBaküExµrsuT§ Rs³xøIminGacCaéNVy:Ub¤CasTÞkNþalBüagÁ

EdlmanTRmg;B>s> ¬BüBa¢n³-Rs³¦b¤BüagÁebIk)aneT evorElgkñúgBakü {tu} EtmYyb:ueNÑaH¬Etkñúgkar

niyayTUeTA {tu} RtUveKfa {tuk} eTAvij¦ EdlpÞúyBIRs³EvgEdlGacCaéNVy:UBüagÁebIk)an. kñúgkRmit

BaküRs³xøIminGacsßitenAedImBaküEtÉkÉgedayKµansUrBüBa¢n³enACab;BIxageRkayenaHeT ¬eKniym

ehABüBa¢n³EdlenACab;BIxageRkayRs³faCaBüBa¢n³Rbkb¦EdlxusKñaBIRs³EvgEdlGacenAedImBakü

EtÉkÉg)annigedayBMucaM)ac;manBüBa¢n¶enACab;BIeRkay dUcCa [ɒ:] {Gr}/ [ɒ:-kun] {GrKuN}/[a:] {Ga}/

[a:puk] {GaBuk}/ [i:cœŋ] {GIucwg}/ [ọ:] {GUr}/ [u:-ɒ:] {G‘UGr}/ [u:-aɛ:] {G‘UEG} CaedIm.

tamkarkt;sMKal;enH eXIjfakñúgPasaExµrehIycMeBaHBaküExµrsuT§ Rs³EvgGacedIrtYCasTÞta

)an CarUbsBÞta)an CaBüagÁ)an ¬BüagÁebIk¦ CaBakü)annigCaXøak¾)an ¬cMeBaHXøamineBjelj¦

cMENkÉRs³xøIedIrtY)anEtRtwmsTÞtab:ueNÑaH.

eyaleTAtambEBa¢kRs³ExµrmanKUEvg-xIø manGñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYn CaBiesselak yUrI

ehÁarehÁajIey:vhak;dUcCayl;fa kñúgkrNIxøH² Rs³ExµrmanKUsUrEvg-xøI k¾b:uEnþ KUEvgxøIenHman enAEtkñúg

BüagÁbiTb:ueNÑaH ehIyKUEvg-xøIenHk¾minmanRKb;EtRs³eT b¤RKb;EtBaküb¤RKb;EtsßanPaBsUrenaHEdr.

eKeXIjmanKUEvg-xøIénRs³ExµrcMeBaHEtKU³


- [ɒ: - ɒ] kñúgBakü [sɒ:ŋ- sɒŋ] {sg-sg;} [cɒ:t- cɒt] {ct-ct;}/ {tb-tb;} [tɒ:p-tɒp]/ [sɒ:m-

sɒm] {sm-sM}/ {Rbs-Rbs;} [prɒ:h-prɒh] / [dɒ:ʔ-dɒʔ] {dk-dk;} CaedIm. KYrkt;sMKal;pgEdrfa

KURs³ {G-Evg}nigRs³{G-xøI} eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlmansTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmB¤/

sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³eFµjføg; sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/ BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;føg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³

mat;/ BüBa¢n³sUr bbUrmat;B¤/ sÞH nigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³edImk/ RtdusnigBüBa¢n³sUrcenøaHExS

sMeT,g/ sÞH.

- [ɔ: - ɔ] kñúgBakü [rɔ:ŋ - rɔŋ] {rg-rg;}/ [rɔ:t - rɔt] {rt-rt;}/ [kɔ:n-kɔn] {Kn-Kn;}/ [kɔ:m-kɔm] {Km-

KM}/ [krɔ:p-krɔp] {RKb-RKb;} CaedIm. KU {G‘-Evg}-{G‘-xøI} eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdl

mansTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmB¤/sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³eFµjføg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/

BüBa¢n³eFµjB¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/ BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;B¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/ BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;føg;/

sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;.

- [a: - a] kñúgBakü [sa:ŋ-saŋ] {sag-saMg}/ [tra:c-trac] {Rtac-Rtac;}/ [kra:ɲ-kraɲ] {Rkaj-

Rkaj;}/ [ba:t-bat] {)at-)at;}/ [ta:n-tan] {tan-tan;}/ [da:p-dap] {dab-dab;}/ [ca:m-cam] {cam-caM }

/[da:l-dal] {dal-dal;}/ [da:h-dah] {das-das;}/[ca:ʔ-caʔ] {cak-cak;} CaedIm. KU {Ga-Evg}-{Ga-xøI}

eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlmansTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmB¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³

RkGUmføg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/ BüBa¢n³RkGUmB¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/ BüBa¢n³eFµjføg;/ sÞHnigCa

BüBa¢n³ mat;/ BüBa¢n³ eFµjB¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;føg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/ BüBa¢n³

bbUrmat;B¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³ eFµj/ lMhUr/ BüBa¢n³edImk/ Rtdus nigBüBa¢n³cenøaHExS

sMeT,g/ sÞH.

- [ea: - ea] kñúgBakü [pea:ŋ-peaŋ] {Bag-BaMg}/ [tea:h-teah] {Tas-TH}/ [rea:ʔ-reaʔ] {rak-

rak;}CaedIm. KU {G‘a-Evg}-{G‘a-xøI}eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlmansTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUm

B¤ nigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/ BüBa¢n³edImk/ Rtdus nigBüBa¢n³cenøaHExSsMeT,g/ sÞH.


- [œ: - œ] kñúgBakü [bœ:t - bœt] {bWt-bit}/ [pœ:m-pœm] {buWm-buwm}CaedIm. KU {GW}-{Gw}

eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlmansTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³eFµjføg;nigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/ BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;B¤

nigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH.

- [ɯ: - ɯ] kñúgBakü [jɯ:t - jɯt] {yWt-ywt} [rɯ:t - rɯt] {rWt-rit} CaedIm. KU {GWu}-{Gwu}

eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlmansTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³eFµjføg;nigCaBüBa¢n³mat;.

- [ọ: - ọ] kñúgBakü [bọ:k - bọk] {bUk-buk}/ [crọ:ŋ-crọŋ] {RcUg-Rcug}/ [chọ:t-chọt] {qUt-qut}/

[kọ:n-kon] {kUn-kun}/ [bọ:h-bọh] {bUs-buH} CaedIm. KU {GU}-{Gu} eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlman

sTÞcugBüagÁCaBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmføg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmB¤ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/

BüBa¢n³eFµjføg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/ BüBa¢n³ eFµjB¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/BüBa¢n³edImk/ Rtdus.

- [u: - u] kñúgBakü [lu:k-luk] {lUk-luk} [tu:ŋ-tuŋ] {TUg-Tug} [pu:t-put] {BUt-But} [pu:n-pun]

{BUn-Bun} [ru:h-ruh] {rUs-ruH} CaedIm . KU {GU‘}-{G‘u} eKeXIjmanEtkñúgBüagÁbiTEdlmansTÞcugBüagÁ

CaBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmføg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³ mat;/BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmB¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/ BüBa¢n³

eFµj føg;/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³mat;/ BüBa¢n³eFµj B¤/ sÞHnigCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH/ BüBa¢n³eFµj/ lMhUr nigBüBa¢n³

edImk/ Rtdus .

karEcksUrRs³tamPaBbiT-ebIk

kalNaeKniyayBIRs³biT-Rs³ebIk enaHeKKitBIclnaeT,IgcuHénGNþat. kñúgkarbnøWRs³Na

mYy ebIxñgGNþatxiteTAdl;cMNucNamYyénépÞRkGUm eKfaRs³enaHCaRs³biT EtebIkñúgkarbnøWsUrRs³

Na mYyxñgGNþatminb:HnwgépÞRkGUm eKehARs³enaHfaCaRs³ebIk. niyayrYm Rs³elICaRs³biT Rs³

kNþalnigRs³eRkamCaRs³ebIk. Rs³biTkñúgPasaExµrmanCasMxan;Rs³ [i:], [i], [ɯ:], [ɯ], [u:] nig [u].

cMeBaHRs³déTeRkABIenHcat;TukfaCaRs³ebIkTaMg eTaHCaRs³xøHmankRmitebIktictYck¾eday dUcCa [ea:],

[ea], [ie:], [ɯə:], [ɤ:], [uə:] CaedIm.


karEckRs³tamCYrnigtamkRmiteT,Ig-cuH

sUrRs³tamCUr CasUrRs³EdleKeFVIkarEbgEckedayKitBIclnalaténGNþat ¬clnaeTAmux-

eTAeRkayrbs;GNþat¦ kñúgeBlbnøWsUrRs³NamYy. sUrRs³tamkRmiteT,Ig-cuH CasUrRs³eKeFVIkarEbg

EckedayKitBIclnabBaÄrénGNþat ¬clnaeT,Ig-cuHrbs;GNþat¦.

ebIeKKittamCYr )ann½yeTAtamclnalaténGNþat Rs³RtUv)aneKEckCaRs³mux/ Rs³kNþalnig

Rs³eRkay ebIeK KittamkRmiteT,Ig-cuH )ann½yfaeTAtamclnabBaÄrénGNþat Rs³RtUv)aneKEckCa

Rs³elI/ Rs³kNþalnigRs³eRkam.

sRmab;Rs³Exµr ebIKittamCYr Rs³ [i:], [i], [ie:], [e:], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [ea:], [ea], [ɛ:], [a:], [a] nig [aɛ:]

CaRs³mux. Rs³ [ɯ:], [ɯ], [ɯə:], [ɤ:], [œ:], [œ], [aə:] CaRs³kNþal. Rs³ [u:], [u], [uə:], [o:], [ọ:],

[ọ], [ɔ:], [ɔ], [oa:], [ɒ:], [ɒ] nig [ao:] CaRs³eRkay. ebIKittamkRmiteT,Ig-cuH Rs³ [i:], [i], [ie:], [ɯ:],

[ɯ], [ɯə:], [u:], [u] nig [uə:] CaRs³elI/ Rs³ [e:], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [ea:], [ea], [ɛ:], [ɤ:], [œ:], [œ], [o:], [ọ:],

[ọ], [ɔ:], [ɔ] nig [oa:] CaRs³kNþal cMENkRs³ [a:], [a], [aɛ:], [aə:], [ɒ:], [ɒ] nig [ao:] CaRs³eRkam.

sMKal;³

1- kñúgPasaExµr k¾dUcPasamYycMnYnFMeTot Rs³eRkaysuT§swgCaRs³bbUrmat;kmµ (labialization)

Edlelak XYn skçmÖÚ ehAfaRs³mUl.

2- Rs³elIsuT§swgCaRs³biT.

karEbgEcksUrRs³ExµrtamCYrnigtamkRmiteT,Ig-cuH manbgðajkñúgtaragTI2.


taragTI2

CYr

kRmiteT,Ig-cuH

mux kNþal eRkay

elI [i:] [i]

[ie:]

[ɯ:] [ɯ]

[ɯə:]

[u:] [u]

[uə:]

kNþal [e:]

[ẹ:] [ẹ]

[ea:] [ea]

[ɛ:]

[ɤ:]

[œ:] [œ]

[o:]

[ọ:] [ọ]

[ɔ:] [ɔ]

[oa:]

eRkam [a:] [a]

[aɛ:]

[aə:] [ɒ:] [ɒ]

[ao:]

karEbgEcksUreTal-pSM

karEbgEckRs³ExµrCaRs³eTal-pSMminTan;manÉkPaBKñaenAeT,IykñúgcMeNamGñksikSaRsavRCav

PasaExµr.

elakm:aes<r:U elakehÁarehÁajIey:v emIleXIjRs³TiVsUr ¬Rs³EdlmanbnSMsUrRs³BIrrYmKña¦

kñúgPasaExµr k¾b:uEnþelakm:aes<r:Umin)anlMGitBI Rs³TVisUrdUcelakehÁarehÁajIey:venaHeT. kñúgsñaédrbs;

elak {evyüakarN_PasaExµr} ¬qñaM1966¦ elak ehÁarehÁajIey:v faRs³TVisUrman [aɛ:], [ao:], [uə:],

[ei:], [aə:], [ɯə:], [ea] nig [oa:] ehIyelakk¾)anBN’naBIrebobbnøWnUvGVIEdlelakcat;Tuk

faCaRs³TVisUrenAkñúg sñaédelakeQµaH {evyüakrN_PasaExµr} enaHEdr. ]TahrN_ kñúgkarbnøWsUr [aɛ:]


mundMbUg {cab;epIþmedaybnøW sUrRs³mux-ebIk bnÞab;mkqøgeTArkkarbnøWRs³mux-biTedaysarEtkarrYm

lMhUrxül;Rtg;cenøaHGNþatnig RkGUm} ¬yU>Ga> ehÁarehÁajIey:v³ evyüakrN_PasaExµr CaPasarusSI e)aH

Bum<enAmUsÁÚ/ 1966/ TM>25¦. eRkABIsUrTaMg8enaH elakehÁarehÁajIey:vcat;TukCaRs³sUrEtmYy ¬Rs³

ÉksUrb¤Rs³eTal¦TaMgGs;.

xusBIelakehÁarehÁajIey:v elakXYn sukçmÖÚ )anEcksUrRs³ExµrCasUreTalnigsUrpSM

¬karEckCasUrpSMrbs; elakXUn sukçmÖÚ eBlxøHsMedAeTAelIGVIEdlelakehÁarehÁajIey:vfa{Rs³TVisUr}nig

eBlxøHeTot sMedAeTAelIGVIEdlGñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnehAfa {Rs³Rbkb}b¤{sUrBüagÁ}¦ [ɒ:], [ɒ],

[ɔ:], [ɔ], [a:], [a], [e:], [e], [ẹ:], [ẹ], [i:], [i], [œ:], [œ], [ɯ:], [ɯ], [ọ:], [ọ], [o:], [u:], [u], [ɤ:], [ɛ:], [ɛ] nig

[ə] ¬25sUr¦CaRs³EdlmansUreTalb¤Rs³eTal. cMENkÉ [ie:], [ɯə:], [uə:], [i:ə], [iə], [ea(ŋ)], [oa:],

[oa],[oa(m)], [aɛ:], [aə:], [ao:], [ɛi], [ai], [ei], [au] nig [ɔu] ¬17sUr¦CasUrpSM.

RkumGñkniBn§esovePAevyüakrN_fñak;TI5nigfñak;TI8 ¬Rtg;cMNucEdlTak;TgnwgsUrviTüa¦nigRkum

GñkniBn§esovePAsikSaPasaExµrrbs;RksYgGb;rMk¾EbgEcksUreTalpSMtamlMnaMelakXYn sukçmÖÚEdr RKan;

Etkat;bnßysUrRs³xøH dUcCakat;sUr [e],[ɛ] nig [ə] ecjBIRs³eTalnigkat; [iə], [ea(ŋ)], [oa],[oa(m)]

ecjBIGVIEdleKehAfaBYkRs³pSM.

BicarNa

fVIt,itEtelakm:aes<r:UkþI elakehÁarehÁajIey:vkþI elakXYn suxmÖÚkþI)anelIkeT,IgBIvtþmanénRs³

TVisUr b¤Rs³sUrpSM ehIyelakTaMgenaH)anBN’naBIrebob b¤dMNak;karbnøWsUrRs³RbePTenaHk¾eday k¾

eyIgyl;faRs³ExµrKµanRs³TVisUrb¤Rs³sUrpSMenaHeT eRBaHkñúgkarbnøW eKmineXIjRbdab;bnøW CaBiess

GNþatmanclnaxusEbøkKñaenAeBlbnøWsUrRs³eTalb¤ÉksUrnigsUrpSMb¤TVisUrenaHeT,Iy KWxusEbøkKñaenAEt

Rtg;clnaGNþatrujmkmux mkEpñkkNþalb¤EpñkxageRkayénKuhamat;b¤k¾clna GNþateT,IgelIb¤cuH


eRkamb:ueNÑaH kñúgkarbnøWsUrRs³NamYyb¤k¾cYnkalkñúgdMNak;karcab;epþImbnøW kñúgxN³kMBugbnøWnigkñúg

xN³bBa©b;karbnøW TItaMgGNþatGacnwgRtYtsIuKñaelITIbnøWRs³NamYy PaKeRcInTIbnøWRs³kñúgCYrCamYyKña.

CaesckþIsniñdæan eyIgmincat;TuksUrRs³mYycMnYnEdlelakm:aes<r:UkþI elakehÁarehÁjIey:vkþI elak

XYn sukçmÖÚkþIcat;TukfaCaRs³TVisUrb¤Rs³sUrpSM faCaRs³TVisUrb¤CaRs³sUrpSMeT,Iy eyIgcat;TukRs³TaMg

enaHCaRs³sUreTal Rs³TaMgenaHman [ie:], [ɯə:], [uə:], [i:ə], [iə],[oa:], [oa], [aɛ:], [aə:], [ao:] .

cMENk [ɛi], [ai], [ei], [au] nig [ɔu] KWCasUrRs³pSMnwgBüBa¢n³¬Rs³Rbkb¦b¤sUrBüagÁdUcCa [ɒm], [ɔm],

[am], [ah], [ọm], [um], [ọh], [ẹh]… pgEdr.

BüBa¢n³

kñúgPasaExµr sUrBüBa¢n³manticCagRs³ k¾b:uEnþtYBüBa¢n³mansBaØaelIslb;elItYRs³ . tYBüBa¢n³

ExµrmanTaMgGs; 90tY ¬enHGñkniBn§minrab;bBa¨ÚltY {G} {G‘}/ {Gu} nig { ¥} pg¦. tYBüBa¢n³TaMg 90enH

manbgðajkñúgtaragTI3 .

taragTI3 tYBüBa¢n³ nigsUrBüBa¢n³kñúgPasaExµr

elxerog tYBüBa¢n³ cMnYntY sUrBüBa¢n³ cMnYnsUr

1 k á K Á 4 [k] 1

2 x ç X Ç 4 [kh] 1

3 g ¶ g: gu 4 [ŋ] 1

4 c © C ¢ 4 [c] 1

5 q ä Q Ä 4 [ch] 1

6 j J Ø Ba j: jú 6 [ɲ] 1


elxerog tYBüBa¢n³ cMnYntY sUrBüBa¢n³ cMnYnsUr

7 d þ D Ð 4 [d] 1

8 t þ T Þ 4 [t] 1

9 z æ Z Æ f ß F V 8 [th] 1

10 N Ñ n ñ n: nu 6 [n] 1

11 b , b‘ 3 [b] 1

12 b: bu B < V 5 [p] 1

13 p ö P Ö 4 [ph] 1

14 m µ m: mu –M 5 [m] 1

15 y ü y: yu 4 [j] 1

16 r R r: ru 4 [r] 1

17 l ø l: lu T, 5 [l] 1

18 v V v: vu 4 [v] 1

19 s S s‘ su 4 [s] 1

20 h ð h‘ hu 4 [h] 1

srubsBaØaBüBa¢n³ 90 srubsUr 20


kMNt;smÁal;³

1- minTan;manÉkPaBKñaelIsBaØatY7BüBa¢n³ExµrenAeT,IyeT . GñksikSaRsavRCavxøHfa BüBa¢n³Exµrman

33tY . vcnanuRkmExµrrbs;viTüasßanBuTVsasnbNÐitü e)aHBum<RKaTI5 eroberogtYBüBa¢n³ExµrCa 35 tY

edaybBa©Úl tY {b:} nig {b‘} bEnßmeTot . GñkniBnVGtßbTenHeXIjfatYBüBa¢n³Exµrmandl;eTA 90 tY

enHGñkniBn§minrab;tYRkum {G} pg.

2- fµI²enHmancrnþbegáItsUrBüBa¢n³mYycMnYnedIm,I[dUcsUrbreTs CaBiess[dUcsUrPasa)araMg ehIy

ykbnSMtYBüBa¢n³mktagsUrTaMgenH dUcCakarbegáIt³

1- sUr [f] edayykbnSMtYBüBa¢n³ {h} nig eCIg {v} ¬hV¦mktagsUr [f] dUcCa kñúgBakü {kaehV}

(café) {GaRhVik} (Afrique) {hVIlIBIn} (Philippines) CaedIm.

karykbnSMtYBüBa¢n³ {hV} mktagsUr [f] begáIt[manbBaðakñúgsMeNr kñúgkrNIEdleKKitBImUl

ePTG-G‘èntYBüBa¢n³ExµrdUcBüBa¢n³déTeTotenaH ¬]TahrN_³ k-K sRmab;tagsUr [k] / q-Q

sRmab;tagsUr [ch] / m: ¬mu¦-m sRmab;tagsUr [m] CaedIm¦. dUecñH eKRtUvEtbegáIttYBüBa¢n³ sRmab;

tagsUr [f] y:agehacNas;k¾BIrEdr KWeKRtUvbegáIttY {hV} sRmab;kt;sUr [e] kñúgBakü {eRhVkg;}

(fréquense)/ sUr [a] kñúgBakü {hVar:aGug} (Pharaon) CaedIm nigRtUvbegáIttY {hV‘} nig {hVú} sRmab;kt;sUr

[i] kñúgBakü {GaRhVúik} (Afrique) ¬kñúgRBwtþibRtrbs;KN³kmµaFikarCatiPasaExµr elx2/ qñaM2009 sresr

{GaRhVikxagt,Úg}¦/ {)a:sIuhVúik} (Pacifique) CaedIm.

2- tY {hS} EdlsRmab;tagsUr [ɜ] kñúgBakü {eGhSúIb} (Egypte) {Gal;ehSrI} (Algérie) CaedIm

k¾RtUvmany:agehacNas;tY {hS}/ {hS‘} nig {hSú} Edr .

7 sBaØatY b¤tYkñúgTIenHsMedAykTaMgtYeKal eCIg nigsBaØasmÁal;BüBa¢n³epSgeTot .


3- tY {hÁ} tagsUr [g] kñúgBakü {hÁaNa} (Ghana) {dWehÁal} (de Gaule) CaedIm .

- tY {sð} tagsUr [ʃ] kñúgBakü {sIEsðl} (Seychelles) ¬eQµaHRbeTs¦

karbegáItsUrbEnßmnigtYbEnßm8dUecñH RbEhlCaelak-GñkTaMgenaHmanbMNgcg;[ExµrGantamsUr

breTs CaBiesssUrBaküEdlPaKeRcInRtUv)aneKpþwttamsUrPasa)araMg eTIbelak-GñkTaMgenaHbegáItsUr

mYy cMnYntYy:ag [f] nig [ž] CaedIm.

karBicarNa³

ebIKitmYyRtYseTA eXIjfaKWCakarl¥mYykñúgkarbegáItsUrBüBa¢n³bEnßmenH eRBaHnaM[ExµrGanb¤

bnøWsUrPasabreTs)anRtwmRtUv nigc,as;lHtamsMenogPasaedIm. EtebIKit[eRCAbnþiceTA karbegáItsUr

fµInigtYfµIbEnßmenHnaM[manPaB sµúRKsµajdl;PasaExµrdUcCa³ TImYy naM[RbB½nVBüBa¢n³ (système conson

nantique) ExµrekInsUr4bEnßm eTotKW [f], [g],[ʃ] nig [ž] cMENktYBüBa¢n³k¾RtUvekIneT,Ig y:agehac

k¾4tYbEnßmelItYBüBa¢n³Edlman 90 tYrYceTAehIyenaH. TIBIr naM[manPaBRcbUkRcbl;kñúgkarGanBakü

mYycMnYnEdlyktY {hV} mksresr dUcCa {ecAhVay} {ecAhV‘avaMg} {caghVag} {hVÚgeKa} {hVwkhVWn} Ca

edIm EdlRbEhlCaeKRtUvGantamsUrBüBa¢n³ ¬sTÞtaBüBa¢n³¦ {begIátfµI} fa [caufa:j], [caufea:],

[fọ:ŋ], [fœkfœ:n] CaedImenaHehIy . TIbI cMeBaH sUr [ž] nig [š] vij tamBiteTAkñúgsm½yedIm Exµr

eyIgmantYtagsUrTaMgenaHEdr KWtY {ឞ} ¬s-b¦ nigtY {ឝ} ¬s-K . k¾b:uEnþ tYTaMgenHRtUv)aneKdkecj

edaysarEtExµrminGacGansUr [ž], [š] )an dUcCaBakü {RឝI} [šri] kñúgBakü {RឝIRvHkRmetg} ¬RsIRBH

8 ebItamBiteTA eKmineXIjmansBaØatYBüBa¢n³bEnßmenaHeT BüBa¢n³EdltagsUr [ž] KWeKRKan;EtyktY { h } nigtY {eCIgs { S} ¬hS¦CaedIm

mkpSMKñab:ueNÑaH BMumaneXIjsBaØafµIEbøkesaH . k¾b:uEnþ kMuePøcfaBüBa¢n³Ebb {hS} {hÁ} {hV} CaedImTaMgenHtagsTÞtafµIedayET,kmYyeTot

kñúgenaHmansTÞta [ž], [f], [g]… EdlCasTÞtaEtmYy ehIymYyKt;eTot EdlCaehtunaM[ekItsTÞtafµI ¬sUrfµI¦ nigtYfµIbEnßmeTot . GVITaMg

enHxusEbøkBIbnSMBüBa¢n³déTeTot dUcCa {kø} kñúgBakü {køin} {RC} kñúgBakü{éRC} CaedIm EdlCakarpSMsTÞtaBIr KW sTÞta [k] + sTÞta [l] nig

sTÞta [C] pSMCamYysTÞta [r] [)anCa [kl] nig[cr] CaedIm .


KEmþg¦ KWGan ecjEt [srɛi] {RsI} {Rឝ wgÁ} [šŗṅga] GanecjEt [srœŋ] {RswgÁ} CaedIm . dUuecñHehIy

ExµreyIgseRmc lubTaMgsUr TaMgtYrBIrenH ecalehIyTukEttY {s} ¬s-l¦ EdlmansUr [s] EtmYy

EbbenHmkdl;sBVéf¶enH9 . TIbYn karbeegáIt sUrEbb [f] nig [ž] enHeFVI[mankarlM)akkñúgkarGan b¤

bnøWsUrrbs;GñkEdlminecHGan b¤niyayPasabreTs¬CaBiess)araMg¦. GñkTaMgenaHminGacGan b¤fa

BaküEdlmansUr [f], [g], [ʃ] nig [ž] )aneT,Iy.

edaysarEtvibtþiGanminRtUvehIyeTIbPasaviTUExµrkñúgsm½ymunRbwgkaéT,sUrEdlExµrBi)akGan b¤

Bi)akbnøW[mkCasUrExµrEdlmankñúgRbB½nVsUrExµr ¬sUrRs³nigsUrBüBa¢n³¦Rsab;ehIyenaHeTAvijedIm,I[

ExµrRsYlfa dUcCakaéT,sUr [f] mkCasUr [b], [ph], [v]... dUcCa bþÚrsUr [f] kñúgBakü “France” mkCasUr [b]

{)araMg} vij kñúgBakü “café” dUrBI [f] mk [ph] b¤ [kv] vij ¬kaEp b¤ kaexV¦ bþÚrBI [f] mk [p] dUcCa “frein”

bþÚrmk {R)ag { . eKeXIjmankarbþÚrBIsUr [š] mkCa [s] dUcCa “machine” mkCa {m:asIun} bþÚrBI [š] mkCa

[c] dUcCa “Chine” mkCa {cin} bþÚrBI [z] mkCa [s] dUcCa “Asie”bþÚrmkCa {GasIu} CaedIm . cMeBaH [g]

vij cYnkalExµreyIgbþÚrCa [r] dUcCaBakü “gare” bþÚrCa { ra: } bþÚrCa [k] dUcCa “garage” bþÚrmkCa

{kar:as} CadIm rIÉ [ž] bþÚrmkCa [s] dUcCa “oxygène” bþÚrmkCa {GuksIuEsn} CaedIm .

2- cMeBaHtY {G} k¾minTan;manmtiRsbKñafatYenHCaGVIenAeT,IyeT . GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnyl;fatY

{G} CatYBüBa¢n³ eRBaH {G} RtUv)aneKrab;bBa©ÚlCaBüBa¢n³TI33 ¬b¤TI35 ebIeyageTAtamkarEbgEcktY

9 ebIcg;begáItsUr [š], [ž] vij enaHKYryktY {s-K} nig {s-b} mkeRbIvijk¾dUcCaminTas;GVIeT eRBaHtYBIrenHmantaMgBI edImRsab;eTAehIy .

eyIgmincaM)ac;begIáttYfµIeToteT . ebIbegáIttYTaMgenHeT,IgvijenaHk¾nwgsmnwgRBHraCtRmiHsemþcsgÇraC CYn Nat EdlRBHGgÁhak;dUc

CamineBjRBHT½ynwgkardktYGkSrBIrtYenHBIGkçrRkmBüBa¢n³ExµrenaHEdr . {ExµrBIeRBgnay cg;[)angay eRbIBakürwg² Rtg;Bakü

EdlRtUveRbI RឝwgÁb¤RswgÁ GñkGanBMudwgBaküTaMgBIrenH . etIRឝ wgÁb¤RswgÁ edayBMu)andwg eRBaHxøÜnBMuecH naM[RcT,M d,it\tcMeNH sMRsáwt

minecHeFVIemþcnwgyl; . ehtuenH)anCa ExµrTaMggs;Kña kñúgRKaEq¶q¶l; naMKñalubtY ឝ min[sl;EfmTaMglubdl; ឞ enHeTApg>>>}

¬sñaRBHhsþcugeRkay bg¥s;énsemþcRBHmhasuemFaFibtI CYn Nat eCatBaØaeNa RBH sgÇraCfñak;TI1 KN³mhanikay TMB½r 56

karpSayrbs;BuTVsasnbNÐitü 1993¦.


BüBa¢n³rbs;vcnanuRkmExµre)aHBum<pSayedayviTüasßanBuTVsasnbNÐitü¦ehIy {G} maneCIgdUcBüBa¢n³

mYycMnYnFMEdr . KMnitcat;Tukfa {G} CatYBüBa¢n³enH RtUv)an nigkMBugpSBVpSaytamry³karbeRgontam

salaeronnanaTaMgkñúgnigeRkARbeTs minEtb:ueNÑaHeKnaMKñafatY {G} mansUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g10

tageday

sBaØa [ʔ] EfmeTotpg . edaysarEtkaryl;eXIjEbbenHehIy eTIbkñúgkarsresrBaküNamYy

Edlcab;epþImedaysUrRs³eTAtamGkçrRkmsUrviTüaGnþrCati (API ) eKk¾yksBaØasUr [ʔ] eTAeFVICaBüBa¢n³

edImBüagÁ . ]TahrN_ kñúgkarsresrBakü {Gan} {GMNan} {GYt} {GMNYt} CaedImeTAtam API eKEtg

Etsresr [ʔa:n], [ʔɒmna:n], [ʔu:ət], [ʔɒmnu:ət] CaedIm .

elakXYn skçmÖÚ kñúgsñaédelak {TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr} ¬1970¦ RKan;EtTTYlsÁal;fakñúgPasaExµr

mansUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g Etelakmin)anfasUrenHtMNagtY {G} eT. elakRKan;EteFVIkarBicarNaeTAelI

vtþmanb¤GvtþmansUrcenøaHExSsMeT,gkñúgPasaExµrenAkñúgsßanPaBmYycMnYnb:ueNÑaH ehIyelakk¾[lkçN³

sUrcenøaHExSsMeT,gkñúgsßanPaBEbbenaHfaCa {BüBa¢n³xül;sÞH GeXas³b¤føg;} ¬sUmGan XYn sukçmÖÚ³

TRmg;sUrviTüa Exµr/ 1970/ TMB½r 24-25¦.

elakekg v:an;sak; minyl;RsbnwgGñkRsavRCavmYycMnYnEdlfa {G} CaBüBa¢n³sUrcenøaHExS

sMeT,g KWCaRs³suT§saF eRBaH { G Caxül;xÞrxÞarmansMnUr bnWøecjmkGMBIExSsMelg ehIyhUrmkeday

KµanTMnb;kñúgmat;b¤RcmuH RBmTaMgmancM)as;c,as;CaRs³eRkay ebIkmUlbnþic.} ¬ekg v:an;sak;³sUrs½TÞ

Exµr/ EpñkTI2/ qñaM1966/ TM>56-57¦.

karyk [ʔ] mktagtY {G} naMmknUvPaBRseBcRsBwleRcIn ehIyk¾naMmknUvbBaðaeRcInEdr . bBaða

nigPaBRseBcRsBwlEdlsMxan;²enaHKW TImYy ebI {G} CaBüBa¢n³mansUr [ʔ] enaH emþck¾mantY {G} mYy

10

tamniymn½y sUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g CasUrsÞH sUrmat; GeXas³ . sUrenHekIteT,IgedaysarEtkarsÞHlMhUrxül;enAkñúgbMBg;sMeT,g

(vocal tract) . sBaØatagsUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g kñúgeBlxøH manragRsedogKñanwgsBaØasYr [ʔ] EtminEmnCasBaØasYr {?} EbbenHeT .

eBlxøHeTot eKtag sUrcenøaHExSsMeT,geday {'} b¤sBaØa { ^} b¤sBaØa {`}b¤sBaØa {q} b¤sBaØa { k } CaedIm . cMeBaHPasaGg;eKøs

¬esÞIrEtRKb;RKam Pasa¦ sUrcenaøHExSsMeT,g [ʔ]CakaT,asUrrbs; [t] dUcCa ['fʊt-bə:l [ 'fʊʔ-bə:l], [ˌaʊt-'said ] [ˌaʊʔ- 'said] CaedIm .


eTot EdlmanRTg;RTaydUcKñaebHbiTCatYGVIEdleKehAfaRs³eBjtYEdlmansUr [a] kñúgPasasMRsáwt

b¤)alI nig mansUr [ɒ:] kñúgPasaExµreTAvij ? kñúgPasamYy etImantYGkSrEtmYymþgCasBaØaRs³mþgCa

sBaØaBüBa¢n³GBa©wgb¤ ? KWminEdlmaneT¡¡ TIBIr kñúgsMeNr etIeyIgGacEjk)anb¤eTrvag {G} nig {G}

faetI {G} NamYymansUr [ʔɒ:] nig {G} NamYymansUr [ɒ:] b¤k¾ etI {G} NamansUr [ʔ] nig etI {G}

NamYy mansUr [ɒ:] ?

eyIgRsbeyabl;CamYyGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrmYYycMnYn ¬eTaHCakñúgPaKtick¾eday¦dUcCa

elakekg v:an;sak; CaedIm fatY {G} EdleKykmkerobtamlMdab;GkçrRkmBüBa¢n³ExµrbnÞab;BItY {T,}

enaHfa nigcat;Tukeday\tsgS½y fa {G} CatYRs³ fVIt,itEtkñúgkrNIxøH kñúgkarsresreKyktYRs³ {G}

eTAeRbIR)as;kñúgbnSMsUrCamYyRs³ ¬Rs³nisS½y -a -I -I -w -W -u -U -Y e-I e-O e-o e- E- é- e-a e-A -M nig -H

¦ nigbegáItsBaØaeCIg { ¥ } dUcCatY BüBa¢n³ExµrdéTeTotk¾eday .

mUlehtucm,gEdlnaM[eKyktYRs³ {G} mkeRbIkñúgkarsresrGkSrExµr KWedaysartYBYkRs³Exµr

minGacsresredayÉkÉgdUcCatYBBYkRs³kñúgPasaTaMgT,ayNaEdlyktYGkSrT,ataMg GkSrRkik nig

tYGkSrCaRsT,aytYGkSr11

Rkik-T,ataMgenaHeT,Iy . eyIgelIk]TahrN_RtwmGkSrevotNam \NÐÚeN

sIu m:aeT,sIu CaedIm ¬EdlykGkSrT,ataMgCaeKal¦ tYRs³kñúgPasaTaMgenaHGacsresredayÉkÉg)an

¬edaymin)ac;manTRmdUcRs³nisS½yExµr¦ ]TahrN_kñúgPasaevotNam³

- Bà ơi, bà làm gi thê’ ?

-Bà mài thỏi sắt này thành một chiếc kim dể khâu vá quâ`n áo.

kñúgenHeyIgeeXIjfatYRs o nig a rbs;evotNamGacsresredayÉkÉgedaymin)ac;GaRs½y

nwgtYGñkdéTeToteT EdlminxusGIVBIRs³kñúgPasa)arMg Gg;eKøs rusSI EdlGacsresr)anedayminRtUvkar

11

eyIgehAfa {RsT,aytYGkSr} KWtYGkSrkñúgPasaNanImYyEdlyklMnaMRTg;RTaytamKMrUtagGkSeKalNamYy ]TahrN_ GkSrrusSI yU

ehÁasøavI G‘uyERknCaedImCaRsT,aytYGkSrrbs;KRmUtagGkSreKalRkik . GkSr)araMg Gg;eKøs evotNam m:aeT,sIu CaedImCaGkSrrbs;KMrY

tagGkSreKalT,ataMg . GkSrExµr éf lav mn sMRsáwt yktamKRmUtagGkSrRBhµI (brahmi ) nigeTvnaKrI (devanagari ). GkSrCnCatimYy

cMnYnenARbeTskm<úCadUcCaBñg kaEv:t RKwg CaedIm yktamKRmUtagGkSreKalExµr CaedIm .


GVIEdlCaTIBMnak;eT,Iy. edaysarEttYRs³nisS½yExµrminGacenAEtÉkÉg)an eKRtUvyktYRs³eBjtY12

{G} mksresr BaküNa Edlcab;epþImedaysUrRs³ dUcCaBakü {Gr} [ɒ:] {GrKuN} [ɒ:kun] {Gb} [ɒ:p]

{Gt;} [ɒt]{Ga} [a:] {Gab;} [ap] {Gar} [ɒ:] {GaBuk} [a:puk ] {Gj} [ɒɲ] {GI} [ɛi] {GWu} [ɯ:] GUr} [ọ:]

{GUs} [ọ:h] {eGab} [ao:p] {\sI} [ɛisɛi] {GasUr} [asọ:] {[} [ao:j] CaedIm .

kñúgkrNIxøH enAkñúgPasaExµr eKyktU {G} ¬eCIgG¦ mksresrrebobCaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr dUc

Ca {k¥} kñúgBakü {k¥k} {c¥} {q¥in}, {t¥} kñúgBakü {etI¥k} {b¥} kñúgBakü {b¥Ún} {m¥} kñúgBakü {m¥m} {l¥}

kñúgBakü {l¥k;} {s¥} kñúgBakü {s¥k} CaedIm .

karEdlyktYRs³eBjtY {G} mksresrBaküEdlepþIedaysUrRs³dUecñH eTIbmankaryl;RcT,Mfa

{G} CatYBüBa¢n³ CaTUeTARcT,Mfa {G} CaBüBa¢n³TI33 mnÞab;BItY {T,} . tamBiteTA kñúgkarerobGkçrRkm

Exµr eKerobBüBa¢n³munRs³KWtamlMdab; k/ x/ K/>>>C/ Q>>>erogdl; T, rYcehIytYRs³ {G} ¬Catwktag

eyIgeXIjkareroblMdab;GkçrRkmEbbenHenAkñúgvcnanuRkmExµrEdleKniymehAfa {vcnanuRkm semþc

CYn Nat¦. kñúgvcnanuRkmenH eKeXIjfaerogBI {G} eTAman Ga/ Gi/ GI ¬\/ |¦/ GIiu/>>>>Gu/ ]/>>eG/ EG/

É/ éG/ BV/ eGa/ »/>>>CaedIm EdlxusBIvcnanuRkm)alI-Gg;eKøsEdleKcab;epþImdMbUgbg¥s;edayRs³ .

3- Tak;TgnwgRbB½nVsUrBüBa¢n³ (système consonnantique) Exµr GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnEcksUr

BüBa¢n³ExµrCa21sUr KW [k], [kh], [ŋ], [c], [ch], [ɲ], [d], [t], [th], [n], [b], [p], [ph], [m], [j], [r], [l], [v], [s],

[h] nig [ʔ] . GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYneTotEckBüBa¢n³ExµrCa17sUredaydksUr [kh], [ch], [th] nig

[ph] ecjedaysarEtelak-GñkTaMgenaHyl;fasUrTaMgenaHCasUrpSM minEmnCasTÞtaeT eRBaHsTÞtaCa

{ÉktatUcbMputrbs;Pasa>>>} EdlminGacbMEbkbnþeTAeTot)an . [kh], [ch], [th], [ph] CasUrpSMeday

sTÞtaBIr KW [k+h], [c+h], [t+h], [p+h] minxusGVIBI [k+l], [c+r], [t+k] CaedImenaHeT,Iy eRBaHkñúgkarbg;

køayBaküCamYypñt;ECkTRmg;[ɒm],[ɔm]CaedIm eKeXIjfapñt;ECkTaMgenHbMEbkbnSMsUrBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ

12

Rs³eBjtY CaRs³EdlGacsresrEtÉkÉg)an . PaKeRcIneKeRbIRs³eBjtYsRmab;kt;sUrBaküEdlmanRbPBBIPasa)alI nig sMRswát .

kMuRcT,MfatYRs³eBjtY G Ga \ | ] » BV b£ b¤ B£ B¤ CaedImCatYGkSr)alI b¤sMRswát KWGkSrExµrsuTVsaF . )alIk¾eday sMRsáwtk¾edayKµan

tYGkSrsresreT .


[XøatecjBIKña ]TahrN_ [khọ:c] [k-ɒm-họ:c], [chɔ:] [c-ɔm-hɔ:] eRbobeFob [kla:c] [k-ɒm-

la:c], [skoa:l] [s-ɒm-koa:l] .

GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYn ¬EtmantictYceT rYmTaMgGñkniBnVGtßbTenHpgEdr¦EbgEckRbB½nVsUr

BüBa¢n³ExµrCa16 sUr KWdksUr4xagelI nigdksUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g [ʔ] ecj . karEdlGñksikSaRsav

RCavmYycMnYntUcdksUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g [ʔ] ecjmkBI³

1- sUrcenøaHExSsMeT,gEdlhak;dUcCaeXIjmanenAkñúgPasaExµrKWRKan;EtCa)atuPUtsUrviTüa (phé-

nomène phonétique) EdlekItmaneT,IgenAeBlEdlrUbsB½Þta (morpheme) pSMcUlKña b¤RbsBVKña . eK

eXIjehtukarN_enHkñúgeBlpSMpñt; (affixes) CamYyBaküb£sEdlcab;epþImedaysUrRs³ dUcCapñt;edIm [p-

pSMnwgBaküb£s [ọ:n] )anCa [p-ʔọ:n] {b¥Ún}/ pñt;edIm [p-] pSMnwgBaküb£s [ao:p] )anCa [p-ʔao:p] {ep¥ab}/

pñt;edIm [bɒŋ -] {bg;-} pSMnwgBaküb£s [ɒn] {Gn;} )anCa [bɒŋ -ʔɒn] {bg¥n;} CaedIm .

2- enAkñúgPasaExµr eKeXIjfamansUr [ʔ] ekIteT,IgenAcugBüagÁ ¬kñúgtYnaTICaBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ¦

enACab;BIeRkaysUrRs³mYycMnYn dUcCa [ɒ:], [ɒ], [ɔ], [a:], [a], [u:ə], [ɯ:ə] [i:e] Edlkñúgkarsresr

eKyktY {k} CatYRbkb. ]TahrN_³ [ɒ:] kñúgBakü {dk} [dɒ:ʔ], [ɒ] kñúgBakü {bk;} [bɒʔ], [ɔ] kñúgBakü

{Tk;} [tɔʔ], [a:] kñúgBakü {sak} [sa:ʔ], [a] kñúgBakü {)ak;} [baʔ] , [ea:] kñúgBakü {Tak} [tea:ʔ] nig

[ea] kñúgBakü {Bak;} [peaʔ] CaedIm .

cMNat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³tamTIbnøWnigrebobbnøW

1- cMNat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³eTAtamTIbnøW

TIbnøWKWCa cMNucenAEpñkxagelIénKuhamat; ¬eFµjelI eCIgeFµjelI RkGUm rnaMgRkGUm cugrnaMg

RkGUm¼kenøIt>>>¦EdlGNþateFVIclnaeTAb:H edIm,IbegáItsUrNamYy. eTAtamTIbnøW eKEcksUrBüBa¢n³ExµrCa³

k-BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUm

BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmCaBüBa¢n³mYyBYkEdlkñúgkarbnøWxñgGNþateTAb:HTl;nwgrnaMgRkGUm . kñúgPasa

Exµr BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUmkñúgenaHman [k] nig [ŋ].


x- BüBa¢n³RkGUm

BüBa¢n³RkGUmCaBüBa¢n³mYyBYkEdlkñúgkarbnøW xñgGNþateTAb:HnwgEpñknanaénRkGUm ¬Epñkxagmux

EpñkkNþal nigEpñkxageRkay¦. kñúgPasaExµrBüBa¢n³RkGUmman [c], [ɲ], [s], [j] nig [r].

K- BüBa¢n³eFµj

BüBa¢n³eFµjCaBüBa¢n³mYyBYkEdlkñúgkarbnøWcugGNþateTAb:HnwgeFµjb¤Knøak;eCIkeFµj. kñúgPasa

ExµrBüBa¢n³eFµjman [d], [t], [n] nig [l] .

X- BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;

BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;CaBüBa¢n³mYyBYkEdlkñúgmat;karbnøWbbUrmat;b:HnwgbbUrelITaMgRsugb¤TukcenøaH[

manlMhUrxül;ecjmkeRkA. kñúgPasaExµr BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;man [b], [p], [m] ¬bbUrmat;eRkamnigbbUrmat;

elIb:HKñaTaMgRsug¦nig [v] ¬bbUrmat;TaMgBIrminb:HKñaTaMgRsugeT KWcenøaH[lMhUrxül;ecjmkeRkA¦.

g- BüBa¢n³edImk

BüBa¢n³edImkCaBüBa¢n³mYyBYkEdlkñúgkarbnøWKl;GNþatxiteTACitépÞxageRkayénedImk. kñúgPa

saExµr BüBan³edImkman [h].

taragTI4³ cMNat;fñak;BüBa¢n³tamTIbnøW

TIbnøW rnaMgRkGUm RkGUm eFµj bbUrmat; edImk

BüBa¢n³

[k] +

[ŋ] +

[c] +


[ɲ] +

[d] +

[t] +

[n] +

[b] +

[p] +

[m] +

[j] +

[r] +

[l] +

[v] +

[s] +

[h] +

2- cMNat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³eTAtamrebobbnøWW

rebobbnøW KWCaEbbEpnénlMhUrxül;EdleFVI[manrMj½rExSsMeT,g eFVI[manrgVHxül;dMNkdegðIm

FMb¤tUc. eTAtamrebobbnøW eKEckBüBa¢n³ExµrCa³

k- BüBa¢n³sÞHb¤pÞúH

BüBa¢n³sÞHb¤pÞúHCaRbePTBüBa¢n³EdlbnøWeLIgedaymandMeNIrxül;ecjBIsYtmkb:HxøaMgnwg

Rbdab;bnøWsMeLg bNþal[manbnÞúH. kñúgPasaExµr BüBa¢n³sÞHb¤pÞúHman [k], [ŋ], [c], [ɲ], [d], [t], [n], [b],

[p], [m]. BüBa¢n³sUrpÞúHb¤sUrsÞH CaBüBa¢n³EdlmanrgVH xül;kRmit0.


x- BüBa¢n³Rtdus

BüBa¢n³RtdusCaRbePTBüBa¢n³EdlkñúgeBlbnøWxül;Edlrt;ecjBIsYtRtdusnwgbbUrmat; épÞKuha

mat; ¬eFµj GNþat RkGUm¦rhUtdl;edImk ehIybegáIt)anCasUrRtdus. kñúgPasaExµrBüBa¢n³Rtdusman [v],

[s], [j], [h] . BüBa¢n³Rtdus manrgVHxül;kRmit1.

K- BüBa¢n³bgðÚrb¤lMhUr

BaküenHmanenAkñúgevyüakrN_BIsm½yburaN ehIysMedAykBüBa¢n³mYyBYkEdlkñúgeBlbnøW

xül;EdlecjBIsYtRtUvsÞHnigebIkenAkñúgKuhamat;edIm,IbeBa©jsUrCarebobbnøWBüBa¢n³xag (consonne

latérale) b¤CarebobbnøWBüBa¢n³j½r (consonne vibrante) . kñúgPasaExµr BüBa¢n³bgðÚrb¤lMhUrman [l] Ca

BüBa¢n³xag nig [r] CaBüBa¢n³j½r.

taragTI5³ cMNat;fñak;BüBa¢n³tamrebobbnøW

rebobbnøW sÞHb¤pÞúH Rtdus bgðÚrb¤lMhUr

BüBa¢n³

[k] +

[ŋ] +

[c] +

[ɲ] +

[d] +

[t] +

[n] +

[b] +


[p] +

[m] +

[j] +

[r] +

[l] +

[v] +

[s] +

[h] +

karEbgEckBüBa¢n³CasUrsifilnigFnit

enAmanKMnitminTan;RsbKñaenAeT,IyrvagGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµreTAelIkarEbgEcksUr

BüBa¢n³ExµrCasifilnigFnit.

elak sk m:aes<r:U (Georges Maspéro) kñúgesovePA {evyüakrN_PasaExµr} e)aHBum<kñúgqñaM 1915

sresrfa “…ils les répartissent, selon qu’elles s’énoncent avec semi-aspiration, pleine aspiration ou

sans aspiration, en trios catégaries;” [¬edayeyaleTAtamkarbnøWrbs;va ¬BüBa¢n³¦ eKEckBüBa¢n³Exµr

CabIRbePT³ BüBa¢n³Bak;kNþalFnit BüBa¢n³FniteBjelj nigBüBa¢n³sfil¦].

RbePTTImYy³ BüBa¢n³EdlbnøWeT,IgedaymansUrBak;kNþalFnit (semi-aspiration) ³

- BüBa¢n³BYk {G} sÞH b¤pÞúHFnit ³ x q f p

(Les occlusives série a affectées de l’aspiration) Ḵha cha ṯha pha

- BüBa¢n³BYk {G‘} sÞH b¤pÞúH sifil ³ K C T B

(Les occlusives série ό non affectées de l’aspiration) kό cό tό pό


RbePTTIBIr³ BüBa¢n³EdlbnøWeT,IgedaymansUrFniteBjelj (pleine aspiration) ³

- BüBa¢n³BYk {G‘} sÞH b¤pÞúH Fnit³ X Q F P

(Les occlusives série ό non affectées de l’aspiration) khό chό thό phό

BüBa¢n³manxül; h

(aspirée) ha

RbePTTIBIr³ BüBa¢n³EdlbnøWeT,IgedayKµansUrFnit (pleine aspiration) ³

BüBa¢n³BYk G sfil k c d t b

(Les occlusives série ό non affectées de l’aspiration) Ḵa ca ḏa ṯa ḇa-

pa

BüBa¢n³RcmuH ³ g j N n m

(Les nasales) ṅό ňό ṇa nό mό

Rs³knøH ³ y v

(Les semi-voyelles) yό vό

BüBa¢n³bgðÚrb¤lMhUr ³ r l

(Les semi-voyelles) rό lό

BüBa¢n³Rtdus ³ s

(Les sifflante) sa

vcnanuRkmExµrrbs;BuT§sasnbNÐitü elakG‘uy CYn elakeGov ekIsnigGñksresresovePAevyüa

krN_GnuvtþsRmab;kRmitfñak;nanakñúgsm½yqñaMTI50TTYlsÁal;famansUrsfilnigFnitkñúgBüBa¢n³Exµr.

]TahrN_ kñúgkarBN’naGMBIBüBa¢n³ {x} vcnanuRkmExµrBN’nafa {x} BüBa¢n³TI2 CakNæC³

mansMeT,gkñúg bMBg;k CaFnit-GeXas³ cMENkkñúgkarBN’naGMBIBüBa¢n³ {X} vcnanuRkmBN’nafa {X}


BüBa¢n³TI4 kñúgvKÁTI1 CakNæC³ mansMeT,gkñúgbMBg;k. CaFnit-eXas³>>>>. cMeBaH {k} vcnanuRkmExµr

faCaBüBa¢n³TI1 kñúgvKÁTI1 CakNæC³ mansMeT,gkñúgzanbMBg;k Casifil-GeXas³ .l. nig .l.

¬sUmemIlkñúgvcnanuRkmExµr³ viTüasßanBuT§sasnbNÐitü qñaM 1967 Rtg;GkSr {k} {x} nig {X}¦.

kñúgsñaédrbs;elak {evyüakrN_BiesssRmab;sisS>>>} elakG‘uy CYnsresrfa BüBa¢n³TI1 nig

TI3 kñúgvKÁTaMg5tY KW kK/ cC/ dD/ tT/ bB 10tYenHehAfasifil ERbfa {FUr} eRBaHCaBüBa¢n³man

sMeT,gFUr exSay cMENkÉ BüBa¢n³TI2nigTI4kñúgvKÁTaMg5KW xX/ qQ/>>>>>/ pP ehAfaFnit ERbfa {twg}

eRBaHCa BüBa¢n³mansUrsBÞtwgxøaMg ¬G‘uy CYn³ evyüakrN_Biess sRmab;sisS>>>>>TM>34 ¦.

elakeGov ekIs kñúgesovePA {PasaExµr} manKMnitRsbnwgelakG‘uy CYnEdrRtg;fa BüBa¢n³TI1

nigTI3 kñúgvKÁTaMg5 kK/cC/>>>/bB Casifil cMENkÉ xX/ qQ/>>>>/pP CaFnit. k¾b:uEnþ elakeGov ekIs

esñIfa sRmab;PasaExµr KYrfaBYksifilEdlelakG‘uy CYnfamansMeT,g{FUr} faCaBüBa¢n³mansMeT,gtwg

vij ÉBYkFnit elakesñIfaKYrehABüBa¢n³sMeT,gtwgvij ¬eGov ekIs³PasaExµr BuT§sasnbNÐitü 1995

TMB½r42-43¦.

elakekg v:an;sak; elakXYn skçmÖÚ nigGñksikSabnþBIelakEdlkñúgenaHmanRkumGñkniBn§esov

ePAevyüakrN_GnuvtþsRmab;fñak;nanarbs;RksYgGb;rM¬CaBiess esovePAevyüakrN_fñak;TI5 TI8 Edl

e)aHBum<pSay kñúgqñaMTI80¦ nigesovePAsikSaPasaExµrEdlecjpSayedayRksYgGb;rMnaeBlbc©úb,nñenH

pgEdr min)anniyayBIerOgsfil nigFnitenaHeT EtniyayBIBüBa¢n³manxül;h nigKµanxül;hb¤k¾fa

BüBa¢n³manxül; nigKµanxül;eTAvij. {)alI-sMRsáwt )anBnül;fa sfilCaxül;FUr ÉFnitvijCaxül;twg

edaysar BüBa¢n³Fnitmanxül; h naM »yRbwgbnøWdUcCaKMhk. ExµrBMumanxül;FnitdUcenHeT. GVI EdleK

ehAfaFnit cMeBaHBüBa¢n³ExµrKWCaxül; ¬h¦FmµtaEdlmanCab;CamYynwgxül;BüBa¢n³enaHÉg (aspiré) .

eBalKWBMuEmnCaxül;RbwgKMhk»y {twg} CaFnit dUc)alI-sMRsáwtenaHeT.

tamBitBüBa¢n³ExµrBYkxül;bit occlusives manEckCa³ BüBa¢n³Kµanxül;h ]> k K c C t T bB

ehIynwgBüBa¢n³manxül;h ]> xX qQ fF pP . BüBa¢n³manxül;h KW =Consonnes aspirées -


BüBa¢n³Kµanxül;h KW = Consonnes non aspirées } ¬ekg v:an;sak; sUrs½TÞExµr³ evyüakrN_Exµrsegçb

qñaM1966 -TM> 51¦.

kñúgesovePA {TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr} elakXYn sukçmÖÚcat;TukfasUr [ph] pP [th] zf ZF [ch] qQ

[kh] xX CasUrmanxül; eRBaHkñúgkarBnül;fa {enAeBlxül;ecj kalNaeyIgyk )atéddak;

BImuxRbehagmat; eyIgkt;sMKal;eXIjfa mansnÞúHxül;rt;mkb:H)atéd. KWCasUrmanxül;.} cMENkÉ

[p] b:B [b] bb‘ [t] tT [d] dD [c] cC [k] kK {RtUvfanwgbnøWedayKµanxül; {eRBaHenAeBlbnøW kalNa

eyIgyk)atédmkdak:BImuxbbUrmat; eyIgKµanTTYlsnÞúHxül;mkb:HeT,Iy. >>>eyIg[eQµaHfaBüBa¢n³

xül;sÞH\txül;} ¬XYn sukçmÖÚ TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr qñaM1970 TM> 14-18¦.

k¾b:uEnþ cMeBaHBüBa¢n³eRkABIenH dUcCa [ŋ] g:g [ɲ] j:j [n] Nn: n [m] m:m [j] yy: [r] r:r [l] T,l: l

[v] v:v [s] ss‘ [h] hh‘ elakXYn sukçmÖÚ min)ankMNt;faCasUrmanxül;b¤k¾ CasUrmanxül;eT

elakRKan;EtbgðajfasUr CaedImCaBüBa¢n³RcmuH nigR)ab;BITIbnøW nigrebobbnøW ehIysUrdéTeRkABIenH

tamkarelIkeT,IgmYyRtYsxagelI eXIjfabBaðacat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³ExµrCasifil-FnitenAmanPaB

RbTaMgRbeTIsenAeT,Iy . elak sk m:aes<r:U cat;fñak;BüBa¢n³ExµrCaFnit (aspiration) nig sifil (sans

apirarion) nigBüBa¢n³manxül; (aspiré) pg ¬BüBa¢n³ h¦. cMeBaHkarcat;fñak;Casifil-FnitenH elak

m:aes<r:U RkesabykTaMgBüBa¢n³sUrsÞHTaMgsUrmat;nigsUrRcmuHpg TaMgsUrRtdus TaMgsUrbgðÚrb¤lMhUr nig

GVIEdlelakcat;TukfaCaRs³knøH.

GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYneTot ehIyPaKeRcInCaGñkevyüakrN_RbéBNI EdlkñúgenaHmanvcna

nuRkmExµr elakeGov ekIs elak BUv G‘um elak G‘uy CYn CaedIm cat;fñak;sUrsfil-FnitEtelIBüBa¢n³sUr

sÞHnigCasUrmat; minRkesabRKb;BüBa¢n³enaHeT. enHRbEhlCaGñksikSaRsavRCavTaMgenaHCab;ditdam

eRcInenA\T§iBlénevyüakrN_Pasa)alI EdlEcksUr [k] EdltagedaytY {k} [g] EdltagedaytY {K}

sUr [c] EdltagedaytY {c} sUr [j] EdltagedaytY {C} sUr [ṭ] EdltagedaysUr {d} sUr [ḍ]

EdltagedaytY {D} sUr[t] EdltagedaytY {t} sUr [d] EdltagedaytY {T} sUr [p] Edl tagedaytY

{b:}nigsUr [b] EdltagedaytY {b} KWBüBa¢n³TaMgT,ayNaEdlCasUrKµansUr [h] layT,MCamYy CaBYk


sifil cMENkÉsUr [kh] EdltagedaytY {x} sUr [gh] EdltagedaytY {X} sUr [ch] EdltagedaytY {q}

sUr [jh] EdltagedaytY {Q} sUr [ṭh] EdltagedaytY {z} sUr [ḍh] EdltagedaytY {Z} sUr [th]

EdltagedaytY {f} sUr [dh] EdltagedaytY {F} sUr [ph] EdltagedaysUr {p} nigsUr [bh]

EdltagedaytY {P} KWCaBüBa¢n³TaMgT,ayNaEdlmansUr [h] Cab;CamYy CaBYkFnit ehIycMNat;fñak;

enHb:HBal;EtBYkBüBa¢n³sUrsÞHb:ueNÑaH.

elak ekg v:an;sak; EckBüBa¢n³ExµrCasUrmanxül; {h} (consonnes aspirées) EdlkñúgenaHman x

X q Q f F p P nigBüBa¢n³Kµanxül; {h} (consonnes non-aspirées) )andl;BüBa¢n³ k K c C t T b

B ¬ekg v:an;sak;³sUrs½TÞExµr EpñkTI1/ 1966 TMB½r 51¦.

elak XYn sukçmÖÚ EckBüBa¢n³ExµrCasUrmanxül;nigKµanxül;edayQreTAelIbMNHxül;eTAnwg

)atédEdleKykeTAdak;enACitnwgmat;kñúgeBlbnøWsUrBüBa¢n³TaMgenaH. kñúgkarbnøWsUrBüBa¢n³NamYy Rb

sinebIKµansnÞúHxül;EdlecjBImat;mkb:Hnwg)atéd BüBa¢n³enaHCaBüBa¢n³Kµanxül; (consonnes non-

aspirées). pÞúyeTAvij ebIkñúgeBlbnøWsUrBüBa¢n³NamYy mansnÞúHxül;ecjBImat;mkb:Hnwg)atéd

BüBa¢n³enaH CaBüBa¢n³manxül; (consonnes aspirées) . eyaleTAtamcMNat;fñak;rbs;elak XYn sukçmÖÚ

BüBa¢n³manxül;man [kh] {x-X} [ch] {q-Q} [th] {z f-Z F} [ph] {p-P} cMENkÉ

BüBa¢n³Kµanxül;man [k] { k-K} [c] {c-C} [d] {d-D} [t] {t-T} [p] {b:-B} [b] {b-b‘}.

minxusBIGñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnEdleyIg)anelIkeT,IgBIxagelIenaHeT ¬elIkElgEtelak

sk m:aes<r:U¦ elak XYn sukçmÖÚ cat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³ExµrCasUrmanxül;nigKµanxül;EtelIBüBa¢n³sÞH ¬TaMg

B¤ TaMgføg;¦nigCaBüBa¢n³mat;b:ueNÑaH. k¾b:uEnþGVIEdlelak XYn sukçmÖÚ xusEbøkBIGñksikSaRsavRCavxag elI

edayelakQrelI {sUr} minQrelI {tYGkSr} enaHeT .

cMeBaHGñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnUneTot EdlkñúgcMeNamenaH manGñkeroberogGtßbTenHEdr min

)ancat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³ExµrCasUrmanxül;nigKµanxül;enaHeT edayehtufaGñksikSaRsavRCavTaMgenaHmin

cat;TukfasUr [kh] [ch] [th]nig [ph] CasTÞtaBüBa¢n³b¤CasUrBüBa¢n³eTalenaHeT,Iy EtCasUrpSMCamYysUr

[h] eTAvij. ebIeyaleTAtamenH manEt [h] mYyeT EdlGaccat;TukfaCa sUrBüBa¢n³manxül;)an.


mü:ageTot ebIeyaleTAtamkarelIkeT,Igrbas;GñksikSaRsavRCavxagelI Baküfa {sifilnig

Fnit} RtUvnwgBakü)araMgfa sans aspiration nig aspiration cMENkÉ aspiré nig non aspiré RtUvnwgBakü

manxül;nigKµan ¬\t¦xül;eTAvij.

karEbgEckBüBa¢n³CasUreXas³nigGeXas³

manPaBminTan;RsbRsYlKñarvagGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrkñúgkarEckBüBa¢n³ExµrCasUreXas³

nig sUrGeXas³enAeT,IyeT. GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYncat;TuksUrBYkBüBa¢n³EdlmansBaØa³ k -x-c

-q-t-f-b-p-s-h CaBüBa¢n³GeXas³ edayehtufaBüBa¢n³BYkenHmansMeT,gtUcRklYc. cMENkÉ

BüBa¢n³EdlmantY³ K-X-g-C-Q-j-D-Z-T-F-n-B-P-m-y-r-l-v mansUrCaeXas³ eRBaHfa

BüBa¢n³TaMgenHmansUr sMeT,g RKlr ¬eGov ekIs PasaExµr/ PñMeBj 1967¦ . mYycMnYneTot cat;Tuk

BüBa¢n³BYk {k/ x/ c/ q/ d/ z/ t/ f/ b/ p/ s/ h/ T, nig G} fa {BYkmansMeT,gtUc ehAfaGeXas³}

ÉBYk {K/ X/g/ C/ Q/ j/ D/ Z/ N/ T/ F/ n/ B/ P/ m/ y/ r/ l nig v} Ca

{BYksMeT,gFMehAfaeXas³} ¬BUv G‘um evyüakrN_Exµr/ PñMeBj 1972¦ .

GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYneTot cat;BüBa¢n³BYk {K/ X/g/ C/ Q/ j/ D/ Z/ N/ T/ F/ n/ B/

P/ m/ y/ r/ l/ v/ h nig T,} Ca {GkSrEdlmansemøgKwkkgrMBgb¤FMRKlr ehAfaeXas³} cMENkÉ

{k/ x/ c/ q/ d/ z/ t/ f/ b/ p nig s} Ca {GkSrEdlmansemøgminKwkkgrMBg b¤ tUcRklYc ehAfa

GeXas³} ¬bNÐit G‘uy CYn evyüakrN_Biess/ PñMeBj 1958¦ .

sMrab;BüBa¢n³ :d/ z nig T,} ebItamkarBnül;rbs;vcnanuRkmExµr e)aHBum<RKaTI5 rbs;BuT§sasn

bNÐitükñúgqñaM1967 eXIjfaeKmin)anbBa©ÚlBüBa¢n³RbePTenHcUleTAkñúgCYrsUreXas³ b¤ GeXas³

eT,IyRKan;EtbBa¢ak;famansUrlan;B¤eTAxagk,al ¬sUrmuT§C³¦ . cMENk {N} vcnanuRkmBnül;fa eBl


xøHmansUrCaeXas³ eBlxøHCaGeXas³13

. edayET,k {h}vcnanuRkmmin)ancat;cUlCaBüBa¢n³eXas³

b¤ GeXas³eT,Iy . bNÐit G‘uy CYn )ancat; {h} cUleTAkñúgsUreXas³ eRBaHelakyktamGVIEdlEcg

kñúgPasa)alI {GkSr h nig suT§sr³2tYKW G Ga enHxagPasa)alIelakcat;CaGkSreXas³ b:uEnþ sMrab;

PasaExµreyIgminsUveTogTat; CYnkalCaeXas³CYnkalCaGeXas³///} ¬bNÐit G‘uy CYn TMB½r 26¦.

tamGVIEdleyIgelIkykTsSn³GñksikSaRsavRCavsUrviTüaExµrmYycMnYnmkbgðajRtYs²xagelI

eXIjfacMNat;fñak;sUrBüBa¢n³CaeXas³-GeXas³enAmanPaBRbTaMgRbTas;KñaenAeT,Iy.

manGñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYneTot bdiesFkarcat;fñak;sUreXas³kñúgPasaExµr edayelIkeT,Ig

fa {mUlsTÞExµrBMumanBüBa¢n³eXas³dUcCa)alI-sMRsáwt-\NÐÚGWerabenaHeT . BüBa¢n³ExµrsuT§EtCaxül;G

eXas³ sourde TaMgGs; } ¬ekg v:an;sak; sUrsTÞExµr EpñkTI1 1966 TMB½r 50¦ .

GñksikSaRsavRCavmYyRkumeTot kñúgenaHmanelaksaRsþacarübNÐit yUrI eKareKjIey:v ¬Edl

CasaRsþacarüdwknaMpÞal;rbs;elaksaRsþacarübNÐit T,úg esom¦/ elaksaRsþacarü XYn sukçmÖÚ nig

elak enA s‘un TTYlsÁal;fa mansUreXas³enAkñúgRbB½n§sUrBüBa¢n³PasaExµr . k¾b:uEnþ GñksikSaRsav

RCavTaMgenHmin)anyktameKalkarN_bMENgEcksUreXasaeXas³tamkarEbgEckrbs;elakGñkRsav

RCavmYycMnYnxagelIenaHeT ¬kñúgenaHmanvcnanuRkmExµrrbs;BuT§sasnbNÐitü/ elak eGov ekIs/

elakBUv G‘um/ elak G‘uy CYn CaedIm¦.

edayEp¥kelIviFIsaRsþsUrviTüaBiesaFn_ elakyUrI eKarjIey:vcat;TukBüBa¢n³ [b] ¬sresrCa sBaØa

b-b‘ ¦, [d] ¬sresrCasBaØa d-D ¦, [v] ¬sresrCa sBaØa v:-v ¦, [j] sresrCasBaØa y:-y¦, [m]

¬sresrCasBaØa m:-m ¦, [n] ¬sresrCasBaØa n:-N-n ¦, [ŋ] ¬sresrCasBaØa g:-g ¦, [ɲ] ¬sresrCa

sBaØa j:-j ¦, [l] ¬sresrCasBaØa l:-T,-l ¦ nig [r] ¬sresrCasBaØa r:-r ¦CaBüBa¢n³eXas³ ¬yUrI

13

vcnanuRkmExµr karpSayrbs;BuT§sasnbNiÐitü qñaM1967 Rtg;vKÁ {d/z/N nig T, }.


eKareKajIey:v-evyüakrN_PasaExµr/ m:UsÁÚ/ 1966 TMB½r32¦ . k¾dUcelakeKareKajIey:vEdr elakXYn

sukçmÖÚ kñúgkarviPaKsUrBüBa¢n³ ExµrtamviFIsaRsþBiesaFn_ eXIjfaBüBa¢n³ [b],[d], [m], [n], [ɲ], [ŋ], [v],

[l], [r] nig [j] CasUreXas³ b¤ CasUrB¤ ¬tamBaküs½BÞelakXYn sukçmÖÚ¦ ¬XYn sukçmÖÚ TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr

PñMeBj 1970 TMB½r 15-22¦ . elak enA s‘un kñúgniekçbbTfñak;bNÐit “Vokalizm i Problema

slovesnovo Udarenja v Khmerskom Jazyke” ¬RbB½n§sUrRs³ nig bBaðasgát;sUrenAkñúgPasaExµr¦ k¾cat;

TukfasTÞtaBüBa¢n³ExµrTaMg10xagelICasUrB¤Edr edayeyaleTA tamkarBiesaFn_BaküBIrBüagÁkñúgPasa

Exµr ¬TaMgBaküeTal nig BakükMT,ay¦ edayeRbIsUNURkamP¢ab;CamYy GusIuelaRkamP¢ab;nwgkuMBüÚT½r

eXIjfamanrM j½rekIteT,IgenAeBlbnøWBüBa¢n³ [b],[d], [m], [n], [ɲ], [ŋ], [v], [l], [r] nig [j] .

ÉBüBa¢n³déTeTot dUc Ca [k], [kh], [c], [ch], [t], [th], [p], [ph], [s] nig [h] kñúgkarbnøW eXIjfaExSRkab

(graphe) rt;esÞIrEtRtg;esµI CaBiessBYkBüBa¢n³sÞH eRBaHfa {ebIeyaleTAelIkarsikSaEpñkGaKUsÞic eK

mankarlM)akkñúgkarkMNt;sMeT,gBüBa¢n³Nas; CaBiessBYkBüBa¢n³sÞH-føg; . Bi)akkMNt;sUrBüBa¢n³

EfmeTotenaH KWenAeBlEdlBüBa¢n³RbePTenaHpSMCamYysUrRs³ ¬BüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ k¾dUcCacugBüagÁ¦}

(Larousse Encyclopédie Linguistique, Paris 1993, Bondarko L.V. Ocsilograficheskij Analiz Rechi.

Leningrad, 1965- karviPaKsMdItamry³GuksIuelaRkab).

karEbgEckBüBa¢n³CasUrmat;nigsUrRcmuH

BüBa¢n³sUrmat; CasUrBüBa¢n³EdleBlbnøW rnaMgRkGUmbiTpøÚvRcmuHedIm,I[xül;kñúgsYtecjmk

eRkAEttammat;. BüBa¢n³sUrmat; b¤ muxC³kñúgPasaExµrman [p], [b], [v], [s], [k], [c], [t], [d], [j], [l], [r]

nig [h] cMENkÉ BüBa¢n³sUrRcmuH CasUrBüBa¢n³EdleBlbnøW rnaMgRkGUmebIkcMhedIm,I[xül;kñúgsYt

ecjmk eRkAtamRcmuHpg nigtammat;pg. BüBa¢n³sUrRcmuH b¤ nasikC³ man [m], [n], [ŋ], [ɲ].


bBaðaBüBa¢n³knøH b¤ Rs³knøH

enAmanKMnit b¤TsSn³pÞúyKñaenAeT,IyelIbBaðaBüBa¢n³knøH b¤ Rs³knøHkñúgPasaExµr . manGñk

sikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYn kñúgenaHmanelak sk m:aes<r:U elak XYn sukçmÖÚ nigGñkRsavRCavmYycMnYneTot

elIkeT,Igfa kñúgPasaExµrmanBüBa¢n³knøHb¤Rs³knøH.

elak sk m:aes<r:U cat;TukBüBa¢n³sUrRkGUm [y] {y}nigsUrbbUrmat; [v] {v} CaRs³knøH. k¾b:uEnþ

elakminR)akdkñúgcitþfasUrTaMgBIrenaHCaRs³knøHeT,Iy “Les semi-voyelles sont: la palatale [y] (et) la

labiale [v]. Leur nature est en Khmer assez indéterminée. Si ells conservent, comme initiales, un

caractère nettement consonantique, ells empruntent, lorsqu’elles sont finales, une valeur presque

uniquement vocalique.” (Geaorges Maspéro: Grammaire de la langue Khmère, 1915, page 126).

manesckþIfa {Rs³knøHmanRkGUm [y] ¬nig¦ BüBa¢n³bbUrmat; [v]. enAkñúgPasaExµr FmµCatirbs;BüBa¢n³

TaMgminTan;manPaBc,as;lHb:unµaneT. RbsinebI BüBa¢n³TaMgenaHmannaTICaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ enaHvaman

lkçN³CaBüBa¢n³edayBitR)akd EtenAeBlEdlvamannaTICaBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ BüBa¢n³TaMgenaHman

lkçN³CiteTArkRs³eTAvij}.

kñúgkarcat;Tukfa PasaExµrmanRs³knøHb¤BüBa¢n³knøH elak XYn sukçmÖÚ )aneFVIkarBnül;ek,aH

k,ayCagelak sk m:aes<r:U edayelakelIkykehtuplBIkarBiesaFsUrviTüarbs;elak. { kñúgzan³Ca

xül;Rbkb sUr [v] manlkçN³bnøW edayeFVIbbUrmat;[RcbUj dUcCakarbnøWRs³ [u:] Edr. KWCabBaðaRs³

knøH>>>} ¬XYn sukçmÖÚ³ TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr/ 1970/ TM> 21¦. >>>kñúgzan³Caxül;Rbkb sUrenH ¬sUr [j]¦

manlkçN³dUcCaRs³ [i:] føg;>>>} ¬ XYn sukçmÖÚ TM>22-23¦. >>>BüBa¢n³ [v] nig [j] manTMenareTArk

Rs³knøH kñúgmuxgarCaBüBa¢n³Rbkb>>>. >>>Rs³knøHenH ¬[j]¦ eRbICasUrRbkbnwgRs³eTal³ Ga G‘u GU Gu

eG ‘a eGIu G‘ G nigRs³pSMBIr G‘a eGI eGa GY G‘Y eGOb¤eG‘O dUcCakñúgBakü )ay [ba:j]-[ba:i], [ruj]-[rui], [ao:j]-

[ao:i]…}.


k¾b:uEnþ/ elakenA s‘un minyl;RsbtamkarbBa¨Úl b¤karcat;TukBüBa¢n³ [v] nig [j] CaBüBa¢n³ b¤ Ca

Rs³knøHdUcEdlelak XYn sukçmÖÚ nig GñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrmYycMnYneTot)anelIkeT,IgenaH eT,Iy

edayehtufaTImYy sUr [v] kñúgPasaExµrminGacCMnYseday b¤ bþÚrmkCasUr [u], [o] )aneT,Iy .

cMENkÉkñúgPasa\NÐÚ-GWr:ubmYycMnYndUcCaPasaT,ataMg/ PasarUsIu/ PasasMRsáwt/ )alICa edIm/ sUr [v] b¤

[ṷ] Gac bÚþrCasUr [u], [o],…)an . ]TahrN_ sUr [u] kñúgBakü [su+agamana] kñúgPasa)alI GacbþÚr

CasUr [v//w] kñúgBakü [svagamana] ¬sVaKmn¦sUr [v] kñúgBakürbs;Bakü [avto] rbs;PasaT,ataMgGac

bþÚrmkCasUr [u] )ankñúgBakü [auto] kñúgPasa)araMg/ Gg;eKøskñúgsm½ybc©úb,nñCaedIm .

dUcKñaenHEdrsUr [j] kñúgPasaExµrminGacbþÚredaysUr [i] b¤ [ḭ] dUcCakñúgPasasMRsáwt/ )alI/ rUsSIú/

Gg;eKøs nig Pasa\NÐÚGWr:ubmYycMnYneTot)aneT,Iy . ]TahrN_ [bɔḭ] “boy” nig [jet] “yet” kñúgPasaGg;

eKøs sUr [ḭ] kñúgBakü “boy” CasUrRs³ rIÉsUr [j] kñúgBakü “yet” CasUrBüBa¢n³.

dUecñHsUr [j] nigsUr [v]kñúgPasaExµrminGacmþgedIrtYCaRs³ mþgedIrtYCaBüBa¢n³edIm,I[)ankøayxøÜn

CaRs³b¤BüBa¢n³knøH)aneT,Iy ehIyGVIEdlelak XYn sukçmÖÚ bgðajfakñúgBakü [ba:j]-[ba:i], [ruj]-[rui],

[ao:j]- [ao:i]…sUr[j] nig[v] kñúgTItaMgCaBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁsUrRsedogb¤dUc[i] nig[u]enaH GacnwgfaeTA)an

edayehtufa [j] nig [v] kñúgeBlsßitenATItaMgCa BüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ (final) BüBa¢n³TaMgenaHmansUrelb

(implosive) ehIyedaysarEtBüBa¢n³TaMgBIrenHCasUrB¤ ¬eXas³¦ pgenaH eKsþab;B¤Rsedognwg [i]

nig[u] EttamBiteTAminEmnCaRs³knøHenaHeT. ebIcat;Tukfa [j] nig[v]CaRs³knøHdUcEdlelak

XYn sukçmÖÚ elIkeT,IgenaH Rs³EdlmansUrpSMCamYysUrBüBa¢n³rYcehIydUcCa [ei] [ai] [ei] [au] [o] [om]

[om] [ah] CaedImenaHnwgekIncMnYnEfmeTot KW)anCa [a:i] [a:u] [ui] [ɯǝ:i] CaedIm. elak XYn sukçmÖÚ

k¾)ancab;PøwkBIerOgenHEdredayelakeBalfa {b:uEnþGkçraviruT§Exµr)aneRbIsBaØa y [j] nig v [v] eRBaH

Rs³maneRcInNas;eTAehIy. ehtuenH eKGacsnSMsBaØaRs³db;tYkñúgPasaExµr.


ebIKittamRTwsþI eygmanRs³pSMBIrdb;mYy 11tY nigRs³pSMbIR)aMbI 8tYeTot. ehIyedIm,IkMu[man

karsµúksµajkñúgkarpSMMsMelg eyIgsMueRbIRs³knøHTaMgBIrtYenHCaBüBa¢n³Rbkbvij eRBaHeyIgmanRs³

eTal25tY nigRs³pSMBIrdb;R)aMBIrtYeTAehIy} ¬XYn sukçmÖÚ³ TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr TM> 71-72¦.

EpñkrUbsBÞ

enAkñúgGtßbTenH eyIgelIkykmksikSanUvFatusMxan;BIrénrUbsBÞkñúgPasaExµr KWBaküb£s nigpñt;

¬pñt;edIm nigpñt;ECk kñúgPasaExµrKµanpñt;cugeT ¦ cMENkrUbsBÞdéTeTot kñúgenaHmanGVIEdleKehAfa

{GDÆbT} ( semi-affixes) eyIgmin)anelIkmkeFVIkarBiPakSaeT,Iy .

eKsegáteIjfa PasaExµr k¾dUcCaPasaPaKeRcInkñúgRkummn-Exµrmanpñt;tictYc ehIyCapñt;Edl

mantaMgBIsm½ykalGPivDÆn_énPasanaeBlburaNmkem:øH . pñt;TaMgenaHEckecjCapñt;edIm ¬buBVbT¦

nig pñt;ECk ¬GenþbT¦ . pñt;TaMgenH xøHmann½yCa {]bkrN_} ¬PaKeRcInpñt;ECk [-n-]¦xøHmann½yCa

{GñkeFVIGMeBI} ¬PaKeRcInpñt;ECk [-m-]¦ xøHmann½yCa {karjúaMgGMeBI} ¬PaKeRcInpñt;edIm [k-, p-]¦ Ca

edIm .

elIsBIenHeTot eyIgeXIjfaenAkñúgPasaExµrmanpñt;edImCaTRmg;Rs³nigbnSMRs³nigBüBa¢n³ k¾

b:uEnþ kñúgcMnYnmYymineRcInb:unµaneT. pñt;edImTRmg;Rs³mancMnYnticbMput ehIyCapñt;Edlmanv½ycMNas;

yUrmkehIy ehIykñúgeBlbc©úb,nñenH eKmin)anykmkeRbIR)as;CameFüa)aysRmab;begáItBaküfµI b¤

sRmab;bg;køayBaküeT . pñt;edImEbbenHKWCapñt;edIm [a:-] kñúgBakü [a-puk] {GaBuk} kñúgBakü [a-naʔ]

{Gñk} CaedIm .

cMENkpñt;edImEdlmanTRmg;Rs³pSMnwgBüBa¢n³ eyIgeXIjmanpñt;edIm [ɑŋ-] Edlmann½yfa

{bnþic² erOy²} kñúgBakü {Ggáil} [ɑŋ-kœl] ¬Edlgk;egIb²xit bnþic²erOy²¦/ {Ggáúk} [ɑŋ-kọk]

¬Edlgk;egIb²bnþic²erOy¦/ {GgÁb;} [ɑŋ-kɔp] ¬TMBarcMNIGaharrwg b¤sVitKb;²j+²eRBaH KµaneFµj¦

CaedIm/ pñt;edIm [ɑŋ-] Edlmann½yCavtßú b¤]bkrN_ dUcCa [ɑŋ-rut] {GRgut} ¬Rbdab;ensaTmü:ageFVIBI


benÞaHb£sSIsRmab;rut b¤RkugRtI¦/ [ɑŋ-ru:h] {GRgUs} ¬EdkmanbnøaxøI²sMrab;rUs¦ CaedIm/ pñt;edIm [ɑn-]

kñúgBakü [ɑn-lɔŋ] {Gnøg;} / pñt;edIm [ɑm-] kñúgBakü [ɑm-rɛc] {GMErk}/ [ɑm-p(v)ɔl] {GMBl;} CaedIm .

CamYynwgEdr eKeXIjmanpñt;ECk ¬GenþbT¦ kñúgTRmg;s>B ¬Rs³ +BüBa¢n³¦pgEdr dUcCa [-ɔm-]

kñúgBakü [klea:t>[k-ɔm- lea:t], [-ɒm-] kñúgBakü [trap]>[t-ɒm-rap], [-aɲ-] kñúgBakü [pɲaǝ:]>[p/b-aɲ-

ɲaǝ:], [-ɒn-] kñúgBakü [kdap]>k-ɒn-dap], [-ɔŋ-] kñúgBakü [proa:t]>[p-ɔŋ-rao:t], [-ɒŋ-] kñúgBakü

[prei:n]>>p/b-ɒŋ-rei:n] CaedIm.

sMKal;³

karEdlelIkeT,IgfakñúgPasaExµrmanpñt;edImTRmg;Rs³ ¬s¦ nig pñt;edImTRmg;Rs³pSMnwgBüBa¢n³

¬s>B¦eFVI[BüagÁkñúgPasaExµrekIneT,IgnUvTRmg;BIrEfmeTotelITRmg;cas;EdlmanRsab; KW {B>s} nig

{B>s>B} . TRmg;bEnßmfµIenHminTan;mankarelIkeT,Ig[)anTUlMTUlayenAeT,IyeT sUm,IEtkñúgcMeNam

GñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµr nig GñkevyükrN_ExµrrYmTaMgkarbeRgontamsalapg ¬sUmGankñúgEpñk

TRmg;BüagÁPasaExµr¦.

BüagÁ

k¾dUcCaenAkñúgPasadéTeTot kñúgPasaExµrTRmg;sMxan;rbs;BüagÁKWTRmg; B>s ¬BüBa¢n³ Rs³¦ .

BüagÁExµrEckCaBüagÁebIk enAeBlEdlBüagÁenaHKµanBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ (final) ¬GñkmYycMnYnehAfa{BüBa¢n³

Rbkb}¦ EdlmanTRmg;s>B (cv) ÉBüagÁbiT CaBüagÁEdlmanBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ . BüagÁbiTmanTRmg;

s>B>s (cvc) . Rs³KWCaFatusMxan; nigEdlminGacxVH)ansMrab;BüagÁExµr ehIyRs³k¾CaFatubgáBüagÁd¾

sMxan; nig minGacxVH)ansRmab;BüagÁExµrEdr. sUrRs³CasUrkMBUlsRmab;BüagÁExµr . pÞúyBIRs³ BüBa¢n³

minEmnCaFatusMxan; b¤EdlminGacxVH)anenaHeT,Iy ebIKµanBüBa¢n³ KWmanEtRs³BüagÁk¾GacekIt)anEdr .

k¾b:uEnþ kñúgPasamYycMnYn BüagÁk¾GacekIt)anedayKµanRs³)anEdr KWBüagÁEdlmanBüBa¢n³knøH b¤

Rs³knøH dUcCaBakükñúgPasasMRsáwt [saṃ-skŗ-ta]/ [vŗk-sa]/ Bakü [vļk] kñúgPasasøavxaglicCaedIm .


elakRsI hindWsin bnÞab;mkelakehÁarehÁajIey:v EckBüagÁExµrCaBüagÁxøaMgnig BüagÁexSay .

elakGñkExµrviTüaTaMgBIrenHEckBüagÁExµrCaBüagÁxøaMg nigBüagÁexSayeTAtamTidæPaBs‘ubR)asicm:g;Tic nig

TidæPaBsicm:g;Tic .

eTAtamTidæPaBs‘ubR)asicm:g;Tic GñkExµrviTüaTaMgBIreXIjfa BüagÁxøaMgkñúgPasaExµrCaBüagÁEdlrg

karsgát;sUr (stress) . elak enA s‘un kñúgniekçbbTfñak; Doctor of Philosophy (Ph,D) rbs;elaksþIBI

{karsgát;sUrelIBakükñúgPasaExµr} faGVIEdlelakRsIhindWsin nigelakehÁarehÁajIey:vcat;Tukfa Ca

{BüagÁxøaMg} enaH faCaBüagÁTIBIreTAvij .

eTAtamTidæPaBsicm:g;Tic GVIEdlelakRsIhindWsin nigelakehÁarehÁajIey:vfaCaBüagÁexSay

KWCaBüagÁEdlEtgEtsßitenACab;BImuxBüagÁxøaMgCanic© . BüagÁexSayekIteT,IgedaykarBRgIkxøÜnrbs;BüagÁ

xøaMgedayeRbIFatuBRgIkBüagÁmYycMnYndUcCa [kɒ:-], [krɒ:-], [crɒ:-], [trɒ:-], [prɒ:-], [srɒ:-], [kɔ:-], [krɔ:-],

[crɔ:-], [trɔ:-], [prɔ:-], [ɒŋ-], [kɒŋ-], [cɒŋ-], [dɒŋ-], [tɒŋ-], [bɒŋ-], [sɒŋ-], [ɒn-], [kɒn-], [cɒn-],

[dɒn-], [bɒn-], [sɒn-], [ɒm-], [kɒm-], [cɒm-], [dɒm-], [tɒm]-, [bɒm-], [sɒm-], [kɔ:-], [krɔ:-], [cɔ:-],

[crɔ:-], [tɔ:-], [trɔ:-], [prɔ:-], [lɔ:-], [rɔ:-], [kɔŋ]-, [cɔŋ-], [tɔŋ-], [pɔŋ-], [rɔŋ-], [lɔŋ-], [vɔŋ-], [cɔn-],

[tɔn-], [pɔn-], [rɔn-], [lɔn-], [kɔm-], [cɔm-], [tɔm-], [pɔm-], [rɔm-], [lɔm-], [a:-], [aɲ-], [kaɲ-], [caɲ-],

[baɲ-], [saɲ-] CaedIm.

elak enA s‘un enAkñúgniekçbbTfñak; Doctor of Philosophy (Ph,D) rbs;elaksþIBI {karsgát;sUr

elIBakükñúgPasaExµr} minyl;RsbTaMgRsugnwgTsSn³rbs;elakRsI hindWsin nigelak ehÁarehÁajIey:v

EdlfaBüagÁexSayekIteT,IgedaykarBRgIkBüagÁxøaMgenaHeT . cMeBaHBaküxøHEdlelak enA s‘un [

eQµaHfaCa {BaküeTalBIrBüagÁ14

} enaHelIkeT,Igfa GVIEdlehAfaBüagÁexSay minEmnsuTVEtCakar

14

tamTsSn³elak enA s‘un BaküeTalmYyBüagÁ BIrBüagÁ b¤k¾eRcInBüagÁ KWCaBaküEdlmanrUbsBÞta ¬CaBaküb£s¦EtmYy cMENkÉBakü

pSM KWCaBaküTaMgT,ayNaEdlpÁMúedayrUbsBÞtaBIreT,IgeTA ¬pñt;pSMnwgBaküb£s Baküb£spSMnwgBaküb£s¦ eTaHbICaBaküenaHCaBakümYy

BüagÁk¾eday .


BRgIkxøÜnrbs;BüagÁxøaMgenaHeT KWCarUbsBÞtaRKwH b¤mUldæan dUcCa {kkr}/ {kekr}/ {kekaH}/ {KKit}/

{kEgáb}/ {ceg¥r}/ {bnøa} /{rnWÞ} CaedIm. kñúgkrNIdUecñH sRmab;PasaExµr elak enA s‘un esñI[ehAfa

{BüagÁTImYy ¬sRmab;BüagÁexSay¦ nigBüagÁTIBIr ¬sRmab;BüagÁxøaMg¦vij eRBaHebItamTsSn³rbs;elak

elak enA s‘un faPasaExµrKµanBaküelIsBIBIrBüagÁeT . GVIEdlGñksikSaRsavRCavPaKeRcInfa kñúgPasa

ExµrmanBaküelIisBIBIrBüagÁ dUcCaBakü {knÞaTUk} {knÞaMgEh} {GMBilGMEBk} CaedImenaH tamTsSn³

elak enA s‘un faKWRKan;EtCakarpSMrUbsBÞta b¤FatumYynigrUbsBÞtab¤FatumYyeTot ¬GVIEdlelak enA

s‘un faCarUbsBÞta b¤FatuenaH EdlCYnkalrUbsBÞtab¤FatumYymann½y mYyeTotKµann½y b¤k¾Kµann½y

TaMgBIrb:ueNÑaH minxusGVIBIBakürNþMbrivarsBÞ {kenøaHkenøot} {RkT,icRkT,úc} {knÞk;kenÞj} {esµakeRKak}

{CnøCenøj} enaHeT,Iy¦ . mü:ageTot karEdlelak enA s‘un min)ancat;TukfaBaküTaMgenaHCaBakü

bIBüagÁ b¤bYnBüagÁ edaysarEtkñúgeBlbnøWBaküTaMgenaHeKeXIjmankarsgát;sUrbg¥ak;sUrbnøWRtg;muxtMN

P¢ab;rUbsBÞta b¤FatumYynwgrUbsBÞtab¤ FatumYyeTot . ]TahrN_ kñúgkarbnøWBakü {knÞaTUk} eKsegát

eXIjfasUrGak;Rtg;Rs³ [ea:] enAkñúg [tea:] edaysarkar sgát;sUr rYcehIyeXIjmankarsgát;sUrelI

Rs³ [u:] kñúg [tu:k] eTot dUecñHeyIg)an [kɒntea’:- tu:’k] . cMeBaHBakü {GMBilGMEBk} vij karsgát;

sUrmanenARtg;muxtMNrvag [ɯ] kñúg [(ɒm)pɯl] nig [ɒ] kñúg [ɒm (pɛ:c)] KWmankarsgát;sUrelI [ɯ] pg

nigelI [ɛ:] pg . dUecñHeyIg)an [ɒmpɯ’l ɒmpɛ:’c] . tamFmµta ¬EtcMeBaHEtkñúgPasamYycMnYn¦ eK

GnuBaØat[mankarsgát;sUrBIrkñúgBüagÁEtmYy luHRtaEtkñúgBakümanBüagÁeRcIn Etkarsgát;sUrTaMgGs;

enHRtUvmankarsgát;sUrNamYyCakarsgát;sUrcaM)ac; Ékarsgát;sUrmYyeTotRKan; EtCakarsgát;sUrbnÞab;

bnSM ¬minmank¾)anEdr¦ . cMeBaHPasaxøH dUcCaPasarusSICaedIm eKminGnuBaØat[mankarsgát;sUrbnÞab;

bnSM b¤karsgát;sUrCMnYyenaHeT eRBaHkñúgPasarusSI ebIkarsgát;sUrdUrkEnøgEtbnþic eFVI[BaküKµann½y

b¤naM[Bakü enaHmann½yepSgeTAvij . cMeBaHPasaExµr karEdleKeXIjfakñúgBakümYycMnYnmankar


sgát;sUrdl;eTABIr minEmnmkBIrkñúgBaküenaHmanBüagÁeRcInenaHeT EtmkBIBaküExµrekIteT,Igedaykar

pSMrbs;rUbsBÞta . enHehIyCalkçN³GIusUT,g;rbs;PasaExµr .

PasaExµrk¾dUcCaPasaGIusUT,g;déTeTotEdr manTMenareTArkÉkBüagÁ . TMenareTArkÉkBüagÁkñúg

PasaExµrekIteT,IgedaysarEt\TViBlénkarsgát;sUrenABüagÁTIBIrmkelIBüagÁTImYyEdlminrgkarsgát;

sUr EdleFVI[sUrmYYycMnYnrbs;BüagÁTImYy ¬sUrRs³b¤sUrBüBa¢n³¦RtUvkat;bnßy b¤)atbg;PaKxøH dUcCa

kñúgkarniyayelOn b¤kñúgkarniyayFmµtakñúgCIvPaBRbcaMéf¶ eKsegáteXIjfasUrRs³ b¤sUrkat;bnßyesÞIr

EtGs; cYnkalenAsl;sUrBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ ¬edImBüagÁTImYy¦ nigmanelcecjsUr [ə] enAcenøaH {Fatu}

EdlenAesssl;kñúgBüagÁTImYy nig {Fatu} rbs;BüagÁTIBIr dUcCa [trɒ-kɒŋ] {Rtkg} mkenARtwm [tə-

kɒŋ], [kɒ-ka:j] {kkay} mkenARtwm [kə -ka:j], [bɒŋ-kɒ:ŋ] {bgág} mkenARtwm [pə-kɒ:ŋ], [sɒm-lɒ:]

{smø} mkenARtwm [səm- lɒ:] CaedIm. minRtwmEtBaküeTalBIrBüagÁ b¤BaküpSMBIrBüagÁ sUm,IEtkñúgbnSM

BakümYycMnYndUcCa{elakbg} CaedIm k¾\TViBlénkarsgát;sUreFVI[FatupSMTImYy)at;bg;sUrmYyPaKEdr

[ lo:k bɒ:ŋ] {elakbg} eTACa [ lə-bɒ:ŋ] {l,g} ¬)at;sUr [o:] nig [k] ¦ .

ebIBinitüemIleTAelIrcnasm<½nVBüagÁ eXIjfaBüagÁkñúgPasaExµrmanPaBrwg nigmankarkRmitc,as;

lH dUcCaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁminmanelIsBIBIrsUr cMENkÉBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁminelIsBImYysUr . CaeKal

karN_ BüBa¢n³edImBüagÁmansUrpÞúH (explosive) ÉBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁmansUrelb (implosive). bnSMsUr

BüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ (initial) k¾mankRmit )ann½yfaminEmnRKb;EtsUrGacpSMKña)anenaHeT . taragTI 4

bgðajBIkarkRmitkñúgkarbnSMsUrBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ ¬BüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTImYy C1 nigBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr

C2 ¦.

taragTI 4


C1

C2

k ŋ c ɲ d t n b p m j r l v s h

k - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

ŋ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

c + + - - + - + + + + - + + + - +

ɲ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

d - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

t + + - - - - + + + + - + + + - +

n - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

b - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

p + + + + + + + - - - + + + - + +

m + + + + + + + - - - + + + - + +

j - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

r - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

l + + - - - - - + + + - - - + - -

v - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

s + + - + + + + + + + + + + + - -

h - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -


smÁal;³ sBaØa ¬+¦ mann½yfa C1 nig C2 pSMCamYyKña)an ÉsBaØa ¬- ¦mann½yfa C1 nig C2min Gac

pSMCa mYykña)an .

tamkarbgðajkñúgtaragTI4 eXIjfa³

[k] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn15 KW [ŋ, c, ɲ, d, t, n, b, p, m, j, r, l, v, s nig h]

)anCa [kŋ], [kc], [kɲ], [kd], [kt], [kn], [kb], [km], [kj], [kr], [kl], [kv], [ks] nig [kh] .

[s] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn13 KW [k, ŋ, ɲ, d, t, n, b, p, m, j, r, l nig v] )anCa

[sk], [sŋ], [sɲ], [sd], [st], [sn], [sp], [sp], [sm], [sj], [sr], [sl] nig [sv] .

[p] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn12 KW [k, ŋ, c, ɲ, d, t, n, j, r, l, s nig h] )anCa [pk],

[pŋ], [pc], [pɲ], [pd], [pt], [pn], [pj], [pr], [pl], [ps] nig [ph] .

[m] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn12 KW [k, ŋ, c, ɲ, d, t, n, j, r, l, s nig h] )anCa

[mk], [mŋ], [mc], [mɲ], [md], [mt], [mn], [mj], [mr], [ml], [ms] nig [mh] .

[c] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn11 KW [k, ŋ, d, n, b, p, m, r, l, v nig h] )anCa [ck],

[cŋ], [cd], [cn], [cb], cm], [cr], [cl], [cv] nig [ch] .

[t] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn10 KW [k, ŋ, n, b, p, m, r, l, v nig h] )anCa [ck], [cŋ],

[cd], [cn], [cb], cm], [cr], [cl], [cv] nig [ch] .

[l] GacpSMnwgBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2 cMnYn 6 KW [k, ŋ, b, p, m nig h] )anCa [lk], [lŋ], [lb], [lb],

[lm] nig [lh] .

tamtaragTI4enHEdr eyIgsegáteXIjfa [ŋ, ɲ, d, n, b, j, r, v nig h] minGacpSMCamYysUr

BüBa¢n³déTeTot)aneT,Iy )ann½yfaBüBa¢n³TaMgenaHGacedIrtY)anRtwmEtCaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr C2

b:ueNaÑH .


cMeBaH [m] KWCaBüBa¢n³sUrRcmuHEtmYyKt;EdlGacedIrtYCaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTImYy . ehtuEdl

[m] GacbMeBjnaTICaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTImYy edaysarEt\TViBlénkarsgát;sUr eFVI[)at;sUrmYycMnYn

rbs;Bakü ¬Fatu¦ pSMTImYy dUcCa {mYyéf¶} enAsl;Et [m-ŋai] {ém¶:} )at;sUr [u:ə] nig [j]

kñúgBaküpSMTImYy sl;Et [m] EfmTaMgsUr [t] kñúgBaküpSMTIBIreTot/ {mYydg} enAsl;Et [m-dɒ:ŋ] {mþg}

)at;sUr [u:ə] nig [j] kñúgBaküpSMTImYy sl;Et [m] CaedIm .

eRkABIkarmankRmitkarpSMBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTImYy nigBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTI2 kñúgPasaExµr eyIgk¾

RbTHeXIjfa Rs³kNþalBüagÁ (medial) k¾minGacpSMCamYyBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ (final-Cf) )anRKb;EtBüBa¢n³

TaMgGs;enaHEdr . taragTI5 bgðajBIbnSM b¤TMnak;TMngRs³kNþalBüagÁ nigBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ ¬BüBa¢n³Rb

kb¦ .

taragTI 5

Cf

M

k ŋ c ɲ d t n b p m j r l v s h ʔ

[ɒ:] - + - - + + - + + - - - - +

[ɒ] - + - - + + - + + - - + - - + +

[a:] - + + + - + + - + + + - + + - + +

[a] - + + + - + + - + + - - + - - + +

[ẹ:] - - + + - + - - - - + - -

[ẹ] - - + + - - - - - - - - - - - + -

[ɛi] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[œ:] - - - - + - + - - - - -

[œ] + + - - - + + - + + - - + - - -


Cf

M


[ọ:] + + + - - + + - + + - + - - -

[ọ] + + + - + + - + + - + + - + -

[aə:] + + + - + + - + + + - + - - + -

[aɛ:] - - + + - + - + + - - + + - -

[ai] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[ao:] + + + - + + - + + + - + - - + -

[au] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[u:ə] - + + + - + + - + + + - + - - + +

[ɯ:ə] - + - - - - + - - - - - - - - - +

[i:e]* - +* +* +* - +* +* - +* +* +* - +* +* - +* +*

[ɔ:] + + - - - + + - + + + - - - - -

[ɔ]** - +** +** - +** +** - +** +** - - +** - - + +

[ea:]* - +* +* +* - +* +* - +* +* +* - +* +* - +* +*

[ea] - + - - - - - - - - - - - - - + +

[i:] - - + + - + - - - - + - -

[i] - - + - - - - - - - - - - - + -

[ɯ:] - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - -

[ɯ] + + - - - + + - + + - - + - - + -


Cf

M


[u:] + + + - + + - - - - + - - + -

[u]** + +** +** - +** +** - +** +** + - +** - - + -

[ɤ:] + + + - + - + + + - + - - + -

[e:] - - + + - + + - + - - + - - -

[ɛ:] - - + + - + + - + + - - - - -

[ei] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[o:] + + + - - + + - + + + - + - - - -

[əu] - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

[oa:] - - - - - + + - + + - - + - - + -

smÁal;³

- sBaØa * nig ** smÁal;Rs³ EdlkñúgkareRbIR)as;bc©úb,nñmansUrbnøWdUcKña .

- sBaØa smÁal;Bakü Edl)anmkBIkarbnSMEbbenHmantictYc.

eyagtamtaragTI 5 Rs³kNþalBüagÁminGacpSM ¬Rbkb¦ CamYy [d, b, r, s] )aneT,Iy . Rs³

minGacpSM ¬Rbkb¦ CamYyRKb;BüBa¢n³cugBüagÁTaMgGs; KW [ɛi, ai, ei, au nig əu] .

TRmg; nig RbePTBüagÁExµr

minxusBITRmg;BüagÁkñúgPasadéTeTot TRmg;TUeTArbs;BüagÁExµrKW B>s>B (CVC) . {B} xag

edImCaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ (initial) {B} xagcugbnÞab;Rs³CaBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ (final) cMENkÉRs³ EdlCa


FatusMxan; sRmab;begáIt nigRTRTg;BüagÁ ehAfa {Rs³kNþal}15

(noyau) . TRmg;BüagÁNaEdlman

FatuTaMgbIKW BüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ-{Rs³kNþal-BüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ BüagÁenaHCaRbePTBüagÁbiT EtebITRmg;

BüagÁNamanEtBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁ nig {Rs³kNþal} KµanBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ BüagÁenaHmanTRmg; (CV) B>s

ehIymanRbePTCaBüagÁebIk . edayeyaltamTRmg;enH BüagÁExµrmanBIrRbePTKWBüagÁbiT nig BüagÁ

ebIk .

GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYn EtmancMnYnticeT EdlkñúgenaHmanGñksresrGtßbTenHpg eXIjfa

kñúgPasaExµrmanTRmg;BIreTotelIsBITRmg; B>s>B nig B>s KWTRmg; s> (C) nig s>B (VC) .

ehtuEdlnaM[ GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYntUcenaH emIleXIjfaBüagÁExµrmanTRmg; s> nig s>B

bEnßmeTotenaH edaysarEt TImYy tamniymn½ysamBaØ { BüagÁCasUrrYménsTÞ ¬sTÞta¦>>>} )ann½yfa

CasUrrYmrbs;sTÞtaRs³ nigBüBa¢n³edIm,IbegáIt)anCaBüagÁ ¬{minEmnsMeNrrYmrbs;sTÞtaRs³ nigsTÞta

BüBa¢n³enaHeT¡¡}¦ . dUecñHBüagÁKWCasUr minEmnCaGkSreTEdr . TIBIr edaysarEtGñksikSaRsavRCav

TaMgenaH emIleXIjfa BakükñúgPasaExµrmYycMnYnFMcab;epþImedaysUrRs³ ¬kñúgcMeNam 18>461

emBakü kñúgvcnanuRkmExµr emBaküEdlcab;epþImedayRs³man 2>165 Bakü kñúgGRta 11>72 PaKry

éncMnYnemBaküTaMgGs; bnÞab;BIemBaküEdlcab;epþImedaytYGkSr{s}EdlmanGRta 12>95 PaKry¦ .

kñúg)azakfamYysþIBITRmg;BüagÁ s> nig s>B> kñúgPasaExµr enAraCbNÐitüsPakm<úCa kalBIeBl

knøgeTA ¬kñúgqñaM2009¦ elak enA s‘un elIkeT,Igfa {tamkarniymCaerogerobmk rhUtdl;sñaédniBn§

nanasþIBIPasaExµr PaKeRcIndac;xat EtgEtkMNt;TMrg;BüagÁkñúgPasatamTMrg;EbbenH KWTRmg; Bs nig

BsB . eKminEdleXIj b¤kRmnwgeXIjfakñúgsñaédGñksikSa RsavRCavPasaExµrNamYyEdlelIkeT,Ig

BITRmg; s nig s/B kñúgPasaExµreT,Iy . ehtuEdlnaM[GñksikSaRsavRCav b¤GñkExµrviTüabdiesFTMrg; s

nig s/B kñúgBüagÁExµr edaysarEtelakGñkTaMgenaHyl; eXIjfaRs³Exµr¬Rs³nisS½y-Rs³GaRs½ynwg

eK¦kñúgkarsresrminGacykmksresr)anEtÉkÉgedayKµantYBüBa¢n³enaHeT,Iy evorElgEtRs³eBj

tY ¬Rs³eBjtY CaRs³minGaRs½ynwgeK¦b¤k¾Rs³kñúgPasamYycMnYneTotEdlkñúgenaHmanPasa)araMg/

15

{Rs³kNþal} CaFatucaM)ac;rbs;BüagÁEdlminGacxVH)an CaFatubegáItBüagÁ . {Rs³kNþal} CasUrx<s;bMputrbs;BüagÁ .


rUsSIú/ Gg;eKøs/ GaT,Wm:g;CaedIm EdltYRs³Gacykmksresr dac;eTalEtÉkÉg)an dUcCa É ¬ÉNa¦/ B§

¬B§d¾¦,et,étage,..kñúgPasa)araMg a,an,animal,kñúgPasa Gg;eKøs [on],[ona], [i] kñúgPasarUsIuCaedIm

EdlkñúgPasaTaMgenaHtYRs³RtUveKykmksresredaymin)ac;GaRs½ynwgtYBüBa¢n³edaysarEtehtuenaH

ehIy eTIbeKeXIjfaBüagÁkñúgPasaTaMgenaHmanTMrg; s nig s/B .

tamkaryl;eXIjrbs;GñksikSaRsavRCavmYycMnYnFMfa kñúgPasaExµrTMrg;BüagÁmYycMnYndUcCaBakü

{GUr}/ {eGab} CaedIm CaTMrg; Bs ¬GUr¦ nig TMrg; BsB ¬eGab¦ ehIykñúgkarkt;RtasUredaysMeNrGkçr

RkmsUrviTüaGnþrCati eKxMyksBaØasUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g [ʔ] mkdak;BImuxsUrRs³ dUecñHeKkt;RtasUr {GUr}

nig sUr {eGab} Ebb [ʔao:p] nig [ʔọ:] eTAvij edaysarEtkñúgpñt;KMnitelakGñkRsavRCavTaMgenaH

yl;faRs³nisS½yExµr eTaHCakñúglkçxNÐNak¾edayminGacenAdac;BItYBüBa¢n³)an .

karyl;EbbenHehIy eTIbeKmanKMnitbegáIttYBüBa¢n¤ {G} eT,IgsMrab;kt;RtasUrTaMgenaH . kar

begàIttYBüBa¢n³ {G} EfmeTotenaH elak enA s‘un yl;eXIjfa CakarbegàIt[manbBaðakñúgRbB½n§sUrPa

saExµr ehIyelakelIkeT,Igfa kalBIedImeT,Iy enAkñúgGkçrRkmBüBa¢n³Exµr KµantY {G} enaHeT

KWeKrab;fa :k x K g///////s h T, GaMg} EdltagedaysBaØa { M} EbbenH ¬sBaØaniKÁhwt b¤dMelIenHCasUr

[ṃ] kñúgGkçrRkmBüBa¢n³Pasa sMRswát KWmansMeT,gRbhak;RbEhl {Gðúwm} eKminrab;fa {s h T, G}

eT,Iy. ehtuEdleKminbeBa¢j sUrBüBa¢n³RbePTenH[)anc,as;lH edaysarEteKTukvaeGayrlas;eTA

CasUr [ŋ] k¾)andUcCa :hwsa} [hiṃsā] ¬higSa¦,[ɲ], [n] sn§i [saṃdhi], [m] sMPar [saṃbhāra] CaedIm

¬RBHbnÞÚlsemþcRBHsgÇraC CYn Nat kñúgnaTIsmÖasGkSr saRsþkñúgTsvtSTI 60 nig esckþIBnül;kñúg

vcnanuRkmExµr e)aHBum<RKaTI5 rbs;BuT§sasn bNÐitü ¬qñaM 1967¦. luHcMeNreRkaymk

¬RbEhlenAcugTsvtSTI50 nigedImTsSvtSTI60 stvtSTI20¦ eTIbelcecjCatY {G} enH

eT,IgkñúglMdab;GkçrRkmBüBa¢n³Exµr EdlnaMmknUvbBaðaRbTaMgRbTas;TsSn³KñarvagGñksikSaRsavRCavPa

saExµrpg nig mankarRcT,Mbl;rvagtY {G} EdleKcat;TukfaCaBüBa¢n³ nig tY {G} EdleKcat;TukfaCa

Rs³eBjtYEdlmansUr [a] eRBaHtY EdleKehAfaBüBa¢n³ {G}k¾eday nig {G} CatYRs³eBjtYk¾eday

manrUbragdUcKñaebHbiT .


mtiEdlelIkeT,Igfa {G} CaBüBa¢n³ edaysarEtcat;Tuk {G} CaBüBa¢n³TI33 kñúgessvKÁ b¤ G-

vKÁénlMdab;tYBüBa¢n³eKalrbs;PasaExµr ¬BüBa¢n³eKalenATIenH KWCasBaØamUldæanénBüBa¢n³ minKit

sBaØa {eCIg} rbs;BüBa¢n³TaMgenaHeT¦ ehIykñúgsMeNr eKeXIjsBaØa {G} GacpSMCamYynwgRs³sMrab;

begáItÉktaPasananaeRkABIsTÞta (phoneme) dUcCaBüBa¢n³déTeTot Edr dUcCa Gac/ Ga/ -GM-/ GMu/ -

G‘M-/ G‘U CaedIm . mü:ageTot ebIeyaleTAtamsBaØa {G} maneCIgdUcCaBüBa¢n³dèTeTot edaysarEtkñúg

karsresr {eCIg G} GaceKykeTAdak;BIeRkam BüBa¢n³déTmYycMnYn eTot)an dUcCakñúgBakü käI/ käm/ säM

CaedIm .

RkumGñkeroberogesovePAevyüakrN_RksYgGb;rM CaBiess RkumGñkniBn§esovePAevyüakrN_fñak;

TI 5 nig TI 8 rbs;RksYgGb;rM ¬kñúgTs vtSTI80¦ EdlmanniyayTak;TgEpñksUr nig sTÞviTüa man

TsSn³fa {G} Ca BüBa¢n³RbePT cenøaHExSsMeT,g (coup de glotte) man TIbnøWenARtg;edImkEdlmansUr

[ʔ] ehIyBüBa¢n³enHman tYnaTIsBVRKb;dUcCaBüBa¢n³déTeTotEdr dUcCa [ʔ] GacCaBüBa¢n³TImYyedIm

BüagÁdUcCaBakü {GI} [ʔɛi] {GVI} [ʔvɛi] {Ga} [ʔa:] {GMu} [ʔọm] {käat;} [kʔat] {käm} [kʔɒ:m] CaedIm mantY

naTI CaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTIBIr nig mantYnaTICaBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁ (final) b¤eKniymfa CaBüBa¢n³Rbkb .

cMENkelak XYn sukçmÖÚ hak;dUcCaraErkcMeBaH {G} faetIvaCaRs³ b¤k¾CaBüBa¢n³ ¬enH

tamkarelIkeT,Igrbs;GtItnisSit mhaviTüal½yGkSrsaRsþ Edl)aneronPasa saRsþCamYyelak XYn

suxmÖÚ kñúgenaHmanbNÐit GIuv c½n sBVéf¶CaRbFanviTüasßanPasaCatiénraCbNÐitsPakm<úCa/ elak sU

muyeXog GtItGKÁnaykGb;rMénRksYgGb;rM yuvCn nig kIT,a CaedIm¦ k¾dUcCabgðajBIGtßiPaBénsUr

cenøaHExSsMeT,genACab;BIeRkayBüagÁebIkedayRs³xøI nigenATItaMgmYycMnYneTot. karbgðajBIvtþmanén

sUrExSsMeT,genH minEmn)ann½yfa elak XYn suxmÖÚ cat;TukfatY {G} tagedaysUr [ʔ] enaHEdr ¬sUm

GansñaédelakeQµaHfa {TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr} qñaM1970 Rtg;TMB½r 24-26¦.


tamTsSn³elak eGov ekIs fa {G} GacCaBüBa¢n³TIBIrkñúgGkSrepJIeCIg ¬eGov ekIs- PasaExµr

e)aHBum<eT,IgvijedayBuT§sasnbNÐitüqñaM1995 TMB½r111¦. ebItamkarelIkeT,IgenH eyIgGac

snñidæanfa elakeGov ekIscat;Tuk {G} CaBüBa¢n³Edr . k¾b:uEnþ elakk¾TTYlsÁal; fakñúgPasaExµrman

sUrRs³ [ɒ:] Edr RKan;EtelakbBa¢ak;faRs³enHKµan {rUbGgÁ} eT ¬eGov ekIs-PasaExµr e)aHBum<eT,Igvij

edayBuT§sasnbNÐitüqñaM1995 TMB½r31¦ . EteBlxøH hak;dUcCamanTMenarcg;[BüBa¢n³ExµrElgman

sUr {G} enAxagkñúgeTotehIy {RbsinCaeKGacbegáIttY {G} )an {ebIeyIgbegáItrUbGkSrmYyGgÁsMrab;

kt;Rs³ {G} eT,Ig ehIyeyIgsnµtfaBüBa¢n³TaMgT,ayKµanRs³ {G} kñúgxøÜnRsab;eT enaHeyIgnwgGac

sresrerogtYGkSr)andUcGkSr)araMg min caM)ac;tMrYtelIKña mincaM)ac;maneCIgBüBa¢n³eT,Iy} ¬eGov ekIs

TMB½r32¦ .

vcnanuRkmExµrrbs; viTüasßanBuT§sasnbNÐitü ¬1967¦ mankarsÞak;esÞIrcMeBaH {G} faGacCa

Rs³ nig GacCa BüBa¢n³ . kñúgenaH Rtg;karBnül;BI {G} manniyayfa {G} sRmab;PasasMRswát nig

)alIeRbIGkSrenHCaRs³Ganfa {G³}- [a] CaKUKñanwgRs³ {Ga}- [ā] ¬CaRs³¦ ///CakNæC³ mansMeT,gekIt

kñúgk ¬CaBüBa¢n³¦.

elak eKaeKajIey:v kñúgsñaédrbs;elak {evyüakrN_PasaExµr} min)anbgðaj[cMfa {G} CaRs³

[ɒ:] b¤CaBüBa¢n³ [ʔ] enaHeT . k¾b:uEnþ kñúgkarelIkeT,IgBITMrg;BüagÁExµr elakTTYlsÁal;faBüagÁExµr ¬kñúg

BüagÁxøaMg¦ manTMrg; B-s-B ¬BüBa¢n³-Rs³-BüBa¢n³¦. kñúgn½yenH eTaHCakñúgn½yRbeyalkþIelakTTYl

{G} faCaBüBa¢n³ [ʔ] pgEdr .

elaksaRsþacarü ekg v:an;sak; kñúgsñaédeQµaH {sUrsTÞExµr} )anbdiesFkarcat;Tuk {G} Ca

BüBa¢n³ EtelakTTYlsÁal;fa {G} KWCaRs³suT§saF . elaksaRsþacarü)anelIkeT,IgfakñúgPasaExµr


KµansUrcenøaHExSsMeT,g [ʔ] dUcCakñúgPasaGar:ab;enaHeT ¬ekg v:an;sak;- sUrsTÞExµr EpñkTI1/ PñMeBj

1966¦ .

srubesckþIeTA tamkarelIkeT,IgCaRtYs²nUvTsSn³GñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrPaKeRcIndac;xat

yl;eXIjfa {G} RtUv)ancat;cUlCaBüBa¢n³EdlmansUr [ʔ] CaBüBa¢n³cenøaHExSsMeT,g ehIy {G} man

tYnaTIminxusBIBüBa¢n³déTeTotEdr EdlCaehtunaM[mankaryl;faBüagÁExµrmanEtTMrg; B/s b:unenaH KW

KµanTMrg; s nig s/B enAkñúgTMrg;BüagÁExµreT,Iy eRBaHkñúgkarsresreKeXIj {G} CaBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTI

mYy dUcCa :eGab} {GUs} {EGb} CaedIm . eKeXIjeCIg {G} GacedIrtYCaBüBa¢n³tMrYt ¬BüBa¢n³edIm

BüagÁTIBIr¦ dUckñúgkrNIBüBa¢n³déTeTotEdr dUcCa {Epäm} {epäógpäg} CaedIm .

tamTsSn³eyIg ¬enA s‘un¦pÞal; cMeBaH {G} ¬RBmTaMgsBaØaeCIg {G} pg¦ RKan;EtCasBaØamYy

EdleKbegáIteT,IgsMrab;CaTMrb¤CaBMnak;Rs³nisS½y¬edaysarEtRs³nisS½yEdlkñúgkarsresrtYRs³TaMg

enHminGacenAEtÉkÉgedayKµanTRmb¤GVICaBMnak;)an¦EdlmanTItaMgenAedImBüagÁkñúgBaküeTalmYy

BüagÁ b¤BaküeTalBIrBüagÁ dUcCa G [ɒ:], Ga [a:],GaBuk [apuk], GaKm [akɔm], GaNit [anœt] CaedIm

b¤k¾manTItaMg bnÞab;BIBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTImYykñúgBakümYyBüagÁ dUcCa {bäÚn}/ {päab;} CaedIm b¤k¾sßitkñúgTI

taMgedImBüagÁén BüagÁTIBIrkñúgBaküBIrBüagÁdUcCa {sMGb;} {dMGk;} {bgäak;} CaedIm . kñúgkrNIenH

kñúgkarsresr RbsinCa eKminyktY {G} eTAdak;EjkBüBa¢n³edImBüagÁTImYy kñúgBakümYyBüagÁenaHnwg

Gac[mankarRcT,Mkñúgkar Gan nig karsresr dUcCakñúgkarsresrBakü {käm} ebImindak;tY {G} ¬eCIgG¦

eTnaM[eKGanfa {km} eTAvijCaedIm eRBaHsMeNrPasaExµreKenArkSakarsresrRtYtelIKña mindUcsMeNr

kñúgPasaéf nig lav EdleKsresrminRtYtenaHeT,Iy ehIymü:ageTot kñúgPasaExµrKµantYtMNag[sUr

[ɒ:] dUckñúgPasalav nig PasaéfEdr. dUcenH ebIKittamsMeNrPasaExµrEdleyIgTaMgGs;KñarkSa

TuksBVéf¶ karbegáIttY {G} minCakar\tRbeyaCn_GVIenaHeT fVIt,itEtsBaØaenHnaM[mankarRcT,Mbl;rvagtY


{G} EdleKcat;TukfaCatY Rs³ nig tY {G} EdleKcat;TukfaCatYBüBa¢n³ b¤k¾naM[mankarRcT,MrvagsUr nig

sBaØak¾eday k¾sBaØaenH kñúgeBlenHCYysMrYleRcInkñúgkarsresr nig kñúgkarGanGkSrExµr .

ebIKiteTAelIsUr nig sTÞviTüa sUrRs³kñúgPasaExµr minxusBIsUrRs³kñúgPasaTaMgT,ayeRkABIPasa

ExµrenaHeT,Iy eRBaHebIKittamsUr CaTUeTA sUrRs³xusBIsUrBüBa¢n³edaysarEtkñúgeBlbnøW eKsegát

eKmineXIjfamanGVImkrMxan ¬karbiTCiténRbdab;bnøW/karet,ótRbdab;bnøWCaedIm¦ EdlnaM[mankarRbwg

rbs;sac;dMuRbdab;bnøWsMeT,g/ Kµansm<aFmkelIRbdab;bnøWsMeT,g/ KµankarsÞHxül; b¤et,ótxül;kñúgkarbnøW

sUr. enHehIyCasUrRs³edayminGacRbEkk)an . ebIP¢ab;eTAnwg BüagÁsUrenHCasUrkMBUl b¤CaéNV

y:Urbs;BüagÁdUcCasUrRs³kñúgPasadéTeTotdéTeTotEdr . mü:ageTot kñúgkrNImYycMnYn sUrRs³Exµr

k¾dUcCasUrRs³kñúgPasadéTeTotmYy GacedIrtYCasTÞtapg/ CarUbs½BÞta ¬m½rEpm¦ pg/ CaBüagÁpg/

CaBaküpg nig GacCal,Hpg .

dUcEdleyIg)anelIkmYyRtYsxagedImfa edaysarEtykkarsresreTARcbUknwgkarsresr Gñk

sikSaRsavRCavPasaExµrCMnan;munmYycMnYnFMmin)anpþl;zan³esµIKñarvagRs³nisS½y nig Rs³eBjtYeT,Iy

edayehtufa Rs³eBjtYGacsresrEtÉkÉg)an ÉRs³nisS½yminGacsresrEtÉkÉg)an KWTal;Etman

tY BüBa¢n³CaTIBMnak; . elakGñksikSaTaMgenaHminTan;)anKitdl;eTAelItYnaTIesµIKñarvagsUrRs³nisS½y nig

Rs³eBjtY/ elInaTICaFatucaM)ac;xVHmin)anrbs;BüagÁ nig CasUrkMBUlkñúgBüagÁenaHenAeT,IyeT . cUreyIg

segátemIlfasUr [a:] ¬Rs³nisS½y¦EdltagedaysBaØaTajyar b¤GVIEdleKTMlab;fa {Rs³Ga} nig sUr

[a:] ¬Rs³eBjtY¦EdleKTMlab;fa {Ga} ¬eBjtY¦ enaHkñúgkarbnøWsUrKµanFatuGVImYyeFVI[eXIj faRs³TaMg

BIrenHmansUrxusKñaenaHeT,Iy . eRbobeFobsUredImBüagÁ [a:] kñúgBakü {GaBuk} [a:-puk] kñúgPasaExµr/

kñúgBakü {Gatµa} [ā-tma] kñúgPasasMRsáwt nig kñúgBakü {animal} [a-ni-mal] kñúgPasa)araMg/ sUr [a:]

kñúgBakü {Ga} ¬eKaGa¦ Edlmann½yfa {KµankUn} kñúgPasaExµr nig sUr [a] kñúgBakü ”a” kñúgPasarUsIu

Edlmann½yfa {rI}/ {rIÉ{/ :cMENkÉ} . dUcKñaenHEdr eRbobeFobsUr [ɛi] kñúgBakü {GIv:an;/ \T,Úv} EdleK


sresrnwgRs³eBjtY nig sUr [ɛi] kñúgBakü {manGI} kñúgkarbnøWsUrTaMgenaH eKmineXIjmanr)aMgsUr

BüBa¢n³NamYyEdlbnøWeT,IgenABImuxsUrRs³TaMgenaH ehIykñúgkarbnøWeTotesateKeXIjfasUrTaMgenHbnøW

eT,IgedayesrI/ KµankarRbwgénsac;dMuRbdab;bnøWsMeT,g/ Kµansm<aFNamYyeTaHtickþI eRcInkþIelIRbdab;bnøW

sUr ehIyKµansñÚrxül; (bruit) cUlmklayT,MkñúgkarbnøWpgEdr KWmanEtExSsMeT,g (corde vocal) EtmYy

Kt;EdlcUlrYmkñúgkarbnøW . enHehIyCalkçN³énkarbnøWsUrRs³.

edIm,ICakarbBa¢ak;elIGVIEdleyIg)anelIkeT,IgenH eyIgeFVIkareRbobeFobkarbnøWsUrRs³EdlpSM

CamYyBüBa¢n³déTeTot eRkABIGVIEdleKehAfaBüBa¢n³ {G} . ]TahrN_ sUr [ka:] {ka} kñúgBakü {ka}

kñúgeBlbnøWmundMbUg eKsegáteXIjfamankarbiTCitnUvRbdab;bnøWenARtg;bMBg;kEdleFVI[sÞHlMhUrxül;

EdlecjBIsYt ¬kñúgeBlbnøW [k] ¦ qøgputBIdMNak;enH eTIbRbdab;bnøWerobcMxøÜnedIm,IbnøWsUr [a:] Caxag

eRkay . ebIeRbobeFobnwgkarbnøWsUr [a:] {Ga} kñúgBakü {Ga} eyIgmin)aneXIjGVImksÞH b¤et,ótRb

dab;bnøWeT,Iy KWsUr [a:] bnøWeT,IgedayesrI . edIm,IbBa¢ak;cUrsakl,gbnøWsUr [ka:] nig sUr [a:] eday

xøÜnÉgenaH eyIgdwgfakñúgkarbnøW etIsUrNamYyEdleFVIeGaymankarsÞH b¤karet,ótRbdab;bnøWmunnwgecj

sUr [a:] ? dUecñH eyIgeXIjfamanlkçN³ nig rebobxusKñaTaMgRsugkñúgkarbnøWsUrRs³TaMgT,ayEdlpSM

CamYysUrBüBa¢n³déTeToteRkABIGVIEdleKehAfaBüBa¢n³ {G} nig sUrRs³TaMgT,ayEdlykmkP¢ab;nwgGVI

EdleKehAfaBüBa¢n³ {G} .

mkdl;Rtg;enH eyIgyl;faeTaHCaRs³manRbePTCaRs³nisS½yk¾eday CaRs³eBjtYk¾eday k¾

Rs³TaMgenaHmin)an)at;bg;FatuCaRs³rbs;xøÜneT,Iy KWbeBa©jsUreT,IgedayesrI KµanTMnb;b¤]bsKÁGVImk

raraMgkñúgkarbnøW enHTImYy . TIBIr eTaHCaRs³RbePTNak¾eday ¬rYmTaMgRs³ knøHpg¦ KWCaFatucaM)ac;

¬Gt;min)an¦rbs;BüagÁkñúgPasaPaKeRcIndac;xatenAkñúgelakeyIgenH cMENkÉBüBa¢n³mank¾)an Kµank¾

)an . TIbI Rs³eTaHCakñúgRbePTNak¾eday kñúgkrNINak¾ CasUrkMBUlrbs;BüagÁ b¤CaéNVy:Urbs;BüagÁ .

dUecñHebIsUrRs³eBjtYGacmanenAedImBüagÁ)an enaHsUrRs³nisS½yk¾GacenAedImBüagÁ)anEdr . ]Ta-


hrN_ Bakü {GaeyaK} kñúgPasa)alI nig Bakü {GaRkat} kñúgPasaExµr dl;eBlkt;sUr eKsresr

[āyōga], [a:kra:t] edaymansUr [a:] enAxagedImdUcEtKña .

müa:geTot eyIgKYrKb,Iyl;fa kalNaeKniyayBIBüagÁ KWeKKitEtelIsUr )ann½yfaeKminKiteTA

elIsBaØab¤ sMeNreT,Iy eRBaHBüagÁKWCa {sUrrYménsTÞtaEdlbnøWeT,IgkñúgmYybnSaysUr} ¬esovePA

evyüakrN_fñak;TI5rbs;RksYgGb;rMqñaM1983¦ b¤ebItamniymn½yEbbPasaviTüa/ BüagÁmann½yfa “BüagÁ

KWCarcnasm<½n§RKwHEdlsßitkñúgmUldæanénbNþMúRkumsTÞtaTaMgGs;enAkñúgRcvak; ¬crnþ¦ sMdI . rcnasm½<n§

enHkekIteT,IgelImUldæanénkarRbQmKñarvagsTÞtaTaMgT,ayEdltamTMlab;erogmk eKehAfaRs³ nig

BüBa¢n³ - On appelle syllabe la structure fondamentale qui est à la base de tout regroupement de

phonèmes dans la chaîne parlée. Cette structure se fond sur le contraste de phonèmes appelés

traditionnellement voyelles et consonnes. (Larousse, dictionnaire de Linguistique, 1973, page 470-

471)” b¤mYyk¾ “BüagÁKWCaÉktasUr-sTÞviTüa ¬sUr¦EdlmanTItaMgRtg;cenøaHsMeT,g nig xN³sMdI ¬sMdI

mYyxN³eBl¦” (Linguisticheskij Ensiklopedicheskij Slovar’, Moskva, 1990- vcnanuRkmsBVaFib,ay

PasaviTüa TMB½r 470 ) .

dUecñH kalNaeKniyayBIBüagÁ KWdac;xatRtUvEtTak;TgnwgsUr minEmnTak;TgnwgsBaØasMeNr

enaHeT,Iy . CaBiesseTAeTotenaH enAeBlEdleKcg;dwgBIRBMRbTl;BüagÁ b¤k¾cg;Ecksgáat;BüagÁkñúg

BaküNamYyenaH dac;xateKRtUvEtkt;sUrBaküenaHedayeRbIGkçrRkmsUrviTüaCamunsin ebIBMudUcenaHeT

c,as;CanaMmknUvPaBRcT,Mbl;CaBMuxan . ]TahrN_ kñúgkarEckBüagÁkñúgBakü {kEgáb} kñúgPasaExµr

CadMbUgeKRtUvsresrsMeNrsUr [kɒṅ-kaɛ:p] b¤y:agehacNas;k¾sresr { kg;-Ekb } EdreTIbeKdwgfa

BaküenHmanBüagÁBIr KWBüagÁ [kɒṅ] nig [kaɛ:p]/ Bakü “ addition “ kñúgPasaGg;eKøsmunnwgEckCaBüagÁ

eKRtUvEtsresrBaküenHCasMeNrsUrCamunsinKW [ǝ’di∫ǝn] eTIbeKEckCasgáat;BüagÁ [ǝ’-di-∫ǝn] .


srubmkGVIEdlTak;TgnwgBüagÁ eKminEdlyksBaØamkKitCamYynaM[mankarRcbUkRcbl;enaH

eT,Iy fVIt,itEteKbegáItsBaØa ¬sBaØasMeNr¦ sMrab;kt;RtasUrk¾eday eRBaHfakñúgkrNIxøHsBaØasMeNr

mYyminEmnkt;sUrEtmYyenaHeT dUcCakñúgPasaExµrsBaØa {a} EtmYyRtUv)aneKykeTAeRbIsMrab;kt;sUr

{Ga-Evg} [a:] pg dUcCa kak/ sak/ sag CaedIm/ kt;sUr {Ga-xøI} [a ] pg dUc Ca {kak;}/ {sak;} {saMg}

CaedIm/ kt;sUr {G‘a-Evg} [ea:] pg dUcCa {Ta} { Kab} {lag} CaedIm/ kt; sUr {G‘a-xøI} [ea] dUcCa

{Tak;}/ {KaMg} CaedIm/ Gackt;sUr {G‘½r} [oa:] dUcCa {Kat;}/ {Føab;} CaedIm . sBaØa { i} Gackt;sUr { Gi}

[ẹ] pg dUcCa {tic}/ kþic}/sUr {Gw} [œ] pgdUcCa {cin}/ {kin} CaedIm/ sUr [i] dUcCa {Tic}/ {CiH} CaedIm/

sUr [ɯ] dUcCa {min}/ {Kit} CaedIm/ sUr [ẹ:] dUcCa {sir} CaedIm . mü:ageTot kñúgPasaExµrTMenIb

(modern Khmer language) BaküxøHmansUrxusBIsMeNr dUcCa {esþc} mansUrfa [sdac] {sþac;} minEmn

[sdẹ:c] enaHeT,Iy fVIt,itEteKsresr {s} dak;eCIg {d} Rs³ {e} nig {c} k¾eday/ {kak} mansUrfa

[ka:?] mansUr [?] enAxagcug fVIt,itEtBüBa¢n³cugBüagÁmanrUbCa {k} k¾eday/ {emÞs} mansUrCa [mte:h]

KWsUr [h] enAxagcug fVIt,itEtmansBaØa {s} enAxagcugk¾eday .l. nig .l. mü:ageTot cMnYnsUr nig

cMnYnsBaØaminEdlRtUvKñaRKb;eBlenaHeT cYnkalcMnYnsBaØaeRcInCagcMnYnsUr CYnkalcMnYnsUreRcInCagcM-

nYnsBaØak¾man dUcCa Bakü {k} mansBaØa1 EtmansUr2 KW [k] nig [ɒ:]/ {BBk} mansBaØa3 EtmansUr5

KWmansUr [p/ɔ/p/ɔ:/k] CaedIm .

tamkarelIkeT,IgBIxagelI naM[eyIgmanTsSn³fa BüagÁkñúgPasaExµrmanTMrg; s (v) dUcCa {Gr}

[ɒ:], {Ga} [a:], {GI} [ɛi], {GWu} [ɯ:], {GUr} [ọ:], {G‘U} [u:], {GY} [uǝ:], {eGI} [aǝ:], eGIu} [ɤ:], {eG} [ẹ:],{EG}

[ae:], CaedIm nig manTMrg; sB (VC) dUcCa {Gs;}[ɒh], :Gas} [a:h],{GUs} [ọ:h], {GMu} [ọm] CaedIm

fVIt,itEtkñúgkarsresreKyktY {G} mkCaTIBMnak;rbs;Rs³nisS½yk¾eday . karyktY {G} mkeRbIKWRKan;

EtCakarsMrYlkñúgkarsresrb:unenaH . edIm,IbBa¢ak;BIbBaðaenH eyIgelIkykkarkt;sUrPasabreTsEdl

cab;epþImBIRs³edayyktYGkSr {G}mkeRbI dUcCa Anglais, Egypt, Espagne, Allemand CaedIm eK


dac;xatRtUvEtsresrCa {Gg;eKøs} {eGsIub} {eGs,:aj} CaedIm eRBaHkñúgkarsresr tY {a}/ tY {e} rbs;

ExµrminGacsresrdac;EtÉkÉg)an . tY {G} RKan;EtCaCMnYykñúgkarsresrBüagÁ ¬Bakü¦ Edlcab;epþIm

edaysUrRs³b:unenaH.

KYrkt;sMKal;pgEdrfa kñúgPasaExµr kñúgkrNIBüagÁTMrg; s ¬ebIKittamsUr¦ GacCasTÞtamYy/

GacCam½rEpmmYy/ CaBüagÁmYy nig CaBakümYy .

Bakü

BakükñúgPasaExµr k¾dUcCaBakükñúgPasaGIusUT,g;déT BMumanTRmg;BaküeT . edaysarEtBaküExµr

KµanTRmg;EbbenH eTIbeKmankarlM)akkñúgkarEck[RCHRsT,HrvagrUbsBÞta nigBüagÁ rvagrUbsBÞta nig

Bakü rvagBüagÁ nigBakü rvagBakü nig minEmnBakü . mü:ageTot edaysarEtKµanTRmg;BaküdUecñH

eKminGacdwgBIePT ¬ligÁ¦ nigvcn³rbs;nam eKminEdleXIjmanTRmg;bMEbknameTAtamePT b¤vcn³ .

eKminEdleXIjmanTRmg;KuNnameTAtamePT nigvcn³rbs;nam . eKminEdleXIjkiriyasBÞbMEbkeTA

tamburs ¬Ékvcn³ b¤Bhuvcn³¦ eTAtamkal nigTidæPaB .

eKeXIjmü:ageTotfa edaysarEtKµanTRmg;Bakü karEckfñak;Bakü CaBiesskarEckfñak;Bakü

sRmab;smÁal;BaküNamYyCaKuNnam CakiriyasBÞ b¤CaKuNkiriya CYbRbTHnwgkarlM)ak . dUcCaeK

minGacfa {tic} CaKuNnam b¤CaKuNkiriya )aneT,Iy ebIKµanbribTbBa¢ak; EdlxusBIPasaminEmnGIusU

T,g;mYycMnYn dUcCaPasa)araMg Gg;eKøs rusSI CaedIm EdleKRKan;EteXIj b¤RKan;EtbnøWBakümYyenaH eK

GacdwgfaBaküenaHsßitkñúgTRmg;BaküNamYyeTAehIy . ]TahrN_ eKRKan;EteXIjBakü “slow” kñúgPa

saGg;eKøs “lent” kñúgPasa)araMg “medlenyj” kñúgPasarusSI eKGacdwgPøamfaCa {KuNnam} Pøameday

sarEteKeXIjfaBaküTaMgenHenACab;nwgnam ehIybBa¢ak;lkçN³ b¤KuNPaBnamehIyminGacbBa¢ak;

lkçN³ b¤KuNPaBGVIeToteRkABInameT,Iy dUcCa “ A slow driver” kñúgPasaGg;eKøs dUcCa “ Un

chauffeur lent” kñúgPasa)araMg “ Medlenyj vodit’el” kñúgPasarusSI CaedIm . kñúgPasa)araMg nigrusSI eK

GacsÁal;BaküNamYyfaCaKuNnamedaysarEtBaküenaHERbRbYleTAtamePT nig vcn³rbs;nam .


edayET,k kñúgPasarusSI eKGacsÁal;BaküNamYyCaKuNnamedaysarpñt;cugsmÁal;KuNnamkñúgviPtþiTI

mYy [yj] .

cMENkÉ KuNkriyavij kñúgPasaEdlmanTRmg;BaküdUcCaPasa)araMg Gg;eKøsCaedIm eKsÁal;

)anPøamedaysarEteKeXIjTRmg;BaküenaH. ]TarN_ eKRKan;EteXIj slowly kñúgPasaGg;eKøs eKGac

dwgPøamfaCaKuNkiriya eRBaHmanpñt;cug -ly EfmBIrKayBaküb£s slow (slow>slow-ly).

BakükñúgPasaExµrEckCabIRbePT³ RbePTTImYyCaBaküeTal/ RbePTTIBIrBaküpSM nigRbePTTIbI

KWBakükm©I .

BaküeTal

BaküeTal KWCaBaküTaMgT,ayNaEdlmanrUbsBÞtaEtmYyKt; . PaKeRcIn eKehABaküRbePT

enHCa {b¤sBakü b¤BaküRKwH b¤BakümUldæan} . BaküeTalkñúgPasaExµrEckCa³

BaküeTalmYyBüagÁ dUcCa [kɒ:], [ka:], [kat], [teaʔ] CaedIm nig

BaküeTalBIrBüagÁdUcCaBakü [bɒ- bɒ:], [kɒ- kɒ:], [prɔ-lu:ŋ] CaedIm.

BaküpSM

BaküpSM KWCaBaküTaMgT,ayNaEdlmanrUbsBÞtacab;BIBIreT,IgeTA . BaküpSMkñúgPasaExµrEck

CaBaküpSMedayeRbIpñt;b¤Bakükmøay BaküpÁMú .

edayQrelIniymn½yfa BaküpSMCaBaküTaMgT,ayNaEdlkñúggenaHmanrUbsBÞtaBIBIreT,IgeTA

elak enA s‘un cat;TukBakükmøaymYyBüagÁCaBaküpSMEdr edayBaküTaMgenaHmanrUbsBÞtaBIrEdr KWman

Baküb£s Edlelakcat;TukfaCa rUbsBÞtamYy nigpñt;TaMgT,ayEdldak;P¢ab;nwgBaküb£senaHCarUbsBÞta

mYyeTot.

dUecñH rUbsBÞta tamTsSn³elak enA s‘un manpñt; GDÆbT b£sBakü Baküb£s nigFatuepSg²

eTotEdlmanskþanuBlPaBkñúgkarcUlrYmbegáItBakü.


BaküpSMedayeRbIpñt; ¬Bakükmøay¦

eKeRcInehABaküRbePTenHfaBakükmøay eRBaHBaküenHekIteT,IgedaykarpSMpñt; ¬pñt;edIm b¤pñt;

ECk¦ CamYyBaküb£sedIm,IbegáItBaküfµImYyeTot .

k¾b:uEnþ Tak;Tgnwgkarbg;køayBaküenH manBakümYycMnYn eKmin)andwgfakøayecjBIb£sNamYy

[BitR)akd ]TahrN_dUcCa {bgÁab;} køayecjedaypÞal;BI {Kab;}b¤k¾ecjedaypÞal;BI {pÁab;}/ {bgáb;}

ecjmkedaypÞal;BI{kb;} b¤k¾BI{páb;}/ {beRgón}ecjedaypÞal;BIBaküb£s {eron} b¤k¾{eRbon}.

enAkñúgbzkfamYyrbs;elaksþIGMBI {dMeNIrkarkmøayBaküExµr} enAkñúgsnñisITPasaviTüaenAraC

bNÐitüsPakm<úCakñúgExmifuna qñaM2011 Tak;TgnwgkabegàItBakü nigkarbg;køayBakü elakenA s‘un )an

elIkeT,IgnUvsmµtikmµBIdMeNIrkarbg;køayBakümYycMnYnEdleRbIpñt;ECk [-n-] [-ɒm-] [-ɔm-] [-ɒŋ-] [-ɔŋ]

CaedIm nigpñt;edImeTAtamGVIEdlelakfamYycMnYnEdlCaBüBa¢n³eTaldUcCa [k-, c-, t-, p-, s-] CaedIm

EdlBaküTaMgenaHRtUvEtqøgBIBaküb£s b¤BaküRKwH b¤BakümUldæan}eTAkmøayTImYy nigBIkmøayTImYy

eTAkmøayTIBIr .

{>>>tamkarelIkeT,IgBIkaryl;ExVgKñaénTsSn³énGñksikSaRsavRCavPasaExµr>>> naM[eyIgmanKM-

nitsakl,geFVIkarBicarNaeTAelIkarkMlayBaküedayeRbIpñt;mYycMnYn. kñúgkarsakl,gBicarNaenH

eyIgelIkEtBaküNaEdlkñúgkarbg;køayBakü eKeRbIR)as;pñt;ECk [-n-] ¬sMrab;kMlayTImYy¦ nigpñt;

ECk [ɒn], [-ɔn-], [-ɔm-],[-ɒm-] CaedIm ¬sRmab;kmøayTIBIr¦ nigBakümYycMnYnEdleRbIpñt;edIm Ca

BüBa¢n³sUreTal dUcCa [k-, c-, t-, p-, s-] CaedIm ¬sRmab;kmøayTImYy¦edIm,IbgðajBITMnak;TMngmYy

EdleyIgpÞal;yl;famanPaB T,Úsiuc nig smehtupl . TMnak;TMngenaH KW BakümUldæanb¤BaküRKWH >

kMlayTImYy > kMlayTIBIr .

BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKWH ¬kñúgTIenH¦ CaRbePTBaküedIm b¤BaküdMbUgbg¥s;EdlminERb RbYl

ehIyBaküenHGacpþl;kMeNIt[BaküdéTeTottamry³karviFIbg;køayedaykareRbIR)as;pñt;¬bT¦.

]TahrN_ ekIt/dwg/ Gab;/ Kg/ Kab/ caM/ Cab;/ Tak;/ Ebk/ vl; CaedIm .


kmøayTImYy ¬kñúgTIenH¦ CaRbePTBaküEdlkøayBIBakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwHedaypÞal; tamry³

kareRbIpñt;EdlPaKeRcInCaBüBa¢n³eTal dUcCapñt;edIm³ [k-,c-,t-,p-s-] pñt;ECk [-n-] [-m-] ehIy

kmøayTImYy enH køayxøÜnCaBakümUldæanb¤BaküRKwHsRmab;kmøayTIBIr .

]TahrN_kmøayTImYy³

o ekIt [kaə:t] ¬BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH¦ > exñIt [k-n-aə:t] CakMlayTImYyEdlkøay

ecjBIBakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH {ekIt} pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-n-] ¬BüBa¢n³eFµj [n]

sMrab;sMKal;vtßú b¤ sPav³¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ay

rbs;BakümUldæan b¤Bakü RKwH [k], [aə:] nig [t] .

o Kab [kea:p] ¬BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH¦> Xñab [k-n-ea:p] kmøayTImYyEdlkøayecjBI

BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH {Kab} pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-n-] ¬BüBa¢n³eFµj [n] sMrab;

sMKal;vtßúb¤sPav³¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;Bakü

mUl dæan b¤Bakü RKwH [k], [ea:] nig [p].

o Tak; [teaʔ] ¬BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH¦> Fñak; [t-n-eaʔ] kMlayTImYyEdl køay

ecjBIBakü mUldæan b¤BaküRKwH {Tak;} pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-n-] ¬BüBa¢n³eFµj [n] sMrab;sMKal;vtßú b¤ sPav³¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ay

rbs;BakümUldæan b¤ BaküRKwH [t], [ea] nig [ʔ] .

o caM [cam] ¬BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH¦ > qñaM [c-n-am] kMlayTImYyEdlkøayecjBI

BakümUl dæan b¤ BaküRKwH {caM} pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-n-] ¬BüBa¢n³eFµj [n] sMrab;

sMKal;vtßú]bkrN_>>>¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBaküedayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;

BakümUldæan b¤ BaküRKwH [c], [a] nig [m] .

o dwg [dœŋ] ¬BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH¦ > bþwg [p-dœŋ] kMlayTImYyEdlkøayecj

BIBakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH {dwg} pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;edIm [p-] ¬BüBa¢n³bbUrmat; [p] sMrab;


sMKal;karjúaMg[manGMeBI¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ay

rbs;BakümUldæanb¤Bakü RKwH [d], [œ] nig [ŋ] .

o Gab; [ap] ¬BakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH¦ > p¥ab; [p-ʔap] kMlayTImYyEdlkøayecjBIBakü

mUldæan b¤BaküRKwH {Gab;} pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;edIm [p-] ¬BüBa¢n³bbUrmat; [p] sMrab;

sMKal;karjúaMg[manGMeBI¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ay

rbs;BakümUldæan b¤ BaküRKwH [a] nig [p] .

o vl; [vɔl] > xVl; [k-vɒl] kMlayTImYyEdl køayecjBIBakümUldæan b¤BaküRKwH {vl;}

pÞal; edayeRbIpñt;edIm [k-] ¬BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUm [k] sMrab;sMKal;karjúaMg[manGMeBI¦ Ca

meFüa)ay sMrab;bg;køayBakü nig edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;BakümUldæan b¤Bakü

RKwH [v], [ɒ//ɔ] nig [l] .

kmøayTIBIr

¬kñúgTIenH¦CaRbePTBaküEdlkøayecjBIkMlayTImYyedayeRbIpñt;EdlPaKeRcInCabnSMsUrRs³

nig BüBa¢n³dUcCa [-ɑm-, -ɔm-, -ɑŋ-, -ɔŋ-]CaedIm edayrkSaFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;kMlayTImYy.

KYrkt;sMKal; fa sMrab;PasaExµr minmankMlayNahYsBIkMlayTIBIreToteT ehIykmøayTIBIrenH

pñt;ECkmankRmitCagpñt;EckkñúgkmøayTImYy ¬pñt;ECkkñúgkmøayTImYymanEtsUrBüBa¢n³eTalEtmYy luH

mkkmøayTIBIrpñt;ECkmansUrpSMrvagsUrRs³nigsUrBüBa¢n³¦.

]TahrN_kmøayTIBIr³

o exñIt [k-n-aə:t] ¬kmøayTImYy¦ > kMeNIt [k-ɒm-n-aə:t] kMlayTIBIrkøayecjBI

kMlayTImYy {exñIt} pÞal;edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-ɒm-] ¬bnSMRs³ [ɒ] nig BüBa¢n³bbUrmat; [m] sMrab;sMKal;lTVpl¦CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;

kMlayTImYy [k],[-n-], [aə:] nig [t] .


o Xñab [k-n-ea:p] ¬kMlayTImYy¦> KMnab [k-ɔm-n-ea:p] kMlayTIBIrEdlkøayecj

BIkMlayTImYy {Xñab} pÞal; edayeRbI pñt;ECk [-ɔm-] ¬bnSMRs³ [ɔ] nig BüBa¢n³bbUrmat;

[m]¦ CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;kMlayTImYy [k],

[-n-], [ea:] nig [p] .

o bþwg [p-dœŋ] ¬kMlayTImYy¦> bNþwg [b//p-ɒn-dœŋ] kMlayTIBIrEdlkøayecjBI

kMlayTImYy {bþwg} pÞal;edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-ɒn-] ¬bnSMRs³ [ɒ] nig BüBa¢n³eFµj [n]¦

CameFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;kMlay TImYy [p-],[d],

[œ] nig [ŋ] .

o p¥ab; [p-ʔap] ¬kMlayTImYy¦>bg¥ab; [b//p-ɒŋ-ʔap] kMlayTIBIrEdlkøayecjBIkMlay

TImYy {p¥ab;} pÞal;edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-ɒŋ-] bnSMRs³ [ɒ] nig BüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUm [ŋ]¦Ca

meFüa)aysMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;kMlayTImYy [p-], [a] nig

[p].

o xVl; [k-vɒl] ¬kMlayTImYy¦¦>kgVl; [k-ɒŋ-vɒ//ɔl] kMlayTIBIrEdlkøayecjBIkMlay

TImYy pÞal;edayeRbIpñt;ECk [-ɒŋ-] bnSMRs³ [ɒ] nigBüBa¢n³rnaMgRkGUm [ŋ]¦CameFüa)ay

sMrab;bg;køayBakü edayrkSanUvFatuTaMgT,ayrbs;kMlayTImYy [k-], [v], [ɒ//ɔ] nig

[l] ¦ .

taragTI3 bgðajBIdMeNIrkarbg;køayBaküBIBaküb£sedIm eTAkmøayTI1 nigBIkmøayTI1 eTAkmøayTI2

Baküb£sedIm kMlayTI1

kMlayTI2



kMlayTI2

kb; kñb;¬xñb;¦

kMNb;

kl; kñl; ¬xñl;¦ kMNl;

ekIt exñIt kMeNIt

kYc kñÜc ¬xñÜc¦ kMnYc

ekor ekñór ¬exñór¦ kMeNor

ekos ekñós ¬exñós¦ kMeNos

Kab Kñab ¬Xñab¦ KMnab

KUs KñÚs ¬XñÚs¦ KMnUs

cab; cñab; ¬qñab;¦ cMNab;

Cab; Cñab; ¬Qñab;¦ CMnab;

CUt CñÚt ¬QñÚt¦ CMnUt

dg tñg ¬fñg¦ dMNg

dUr tñÚr ¬fñÚr¦ dMNUr



kMlayTI2

dak; tñak; ¬fñak;¦ ¬tM¦dMNak;

edr etñr ¬efñr¦ dMeNr

Tak; Tñak; ¬Fñak;¦ TMnak;

eTIr ¬eTñIr¦ eFñIr TMenIr ¬RTenIr¦

Ebk Ebñk ¬Epñk¦ bMENk

Bak; Bñak; ¬Pñak;¦ BMnak;

laj )aøj ¬pøaj¦ bMpøaj

sg sñg sMNg>>>>CaedIm

BaküpSMedayeFVIkarpÁMúBakü nigBakü b¤Fatunig Fatu

eKeXIjfaBaküpSMRbePTenHekIteT,IgedaykarpSMrvagBakümann½ynigBakümann½ybegáItCa

Bakü ¬b¤kenSamBakü¦ fµImYyeTot dUcCa {eCIg} ¬mann½y¦ pSMCamYy {eKa} mann½y)anCaBaküfµImYy

eTotEdlmann½yfa {CaeQµaHrukçCatimYyRbePT} ¬edImeCIgeKa b¤páaeCIgeKa¦ b¤kenSamBakü {eCIgeKa}

¬xJMúes¶ars‘ubeCIgeKa/ {ePøA } ¬mann½y¦ pSMCamYy {kEgàb} ¬mann½y¦ ekIt)anCa {ePøAkEgàb} Edlman

n½yfaCa {BBYkesµAmYyRbePTEdleKykeTAeFVIGnøk;} b¤k¾ekItCakenSamBakü {ePøAkEgáb} ¬ePøAkEgáb

mansac;eRcInCageKkñúgtYxøÜnkEgáb¦ CaedIm .


manBaküpSMmYyRbePTeTotEdlpSMeT,IgedayFatumYyKµann½y nigFatu ¬Bakü¦ mYyeTotman

n½ydUcCa {Ec} ¬Kµann½y¦ pSMCamYy {cg;} ¬Kµann½y¦ )anCaBakü {Eccg;}/ {KeRKIt} ¬Kµann½y¦ pSMnwg

{KeRKIm} ¬mann½y¦ )anCaBakü {KeRKItKeRmIm} CaedIm .

manRbePTBaküpSMEdlekIteT,IgedaykarpSMBakümann½y nig Fatu ¬Bakü¦ Kµann½y dUcCa³

k,al ¬mann½y¦ pSMnwg {k,Úg} ¬Kµann½y¦ )anCa {k,alk,Úg}/ {pÞH} ¬mann½y¦ pSMnwg {sMEbg}

¬Kµann½y¦ )anCa {pÞHsMEbg} CaedIm .

manRbePTBaküEdlpSMeT,IgedayFatuKµann½y nigFatuKµann½y dUcCa { esµak} ¬Kµann½y¦pSMnwg

Fatu {eRKak} ¬Kµann½y¦ )anCa {esµakeRKak}/ {RKelg} ¬Kµann½y¦ pSMnwg {RKelag} ¬Kµann½y¦ )anCa

{RKelgRKelag} ¬eQµaHstVsøabmYyRbePT¦ .

BaküpÞÜn

BaküpÞÜnCaBaküTaMgT,ayNaEdlmansUrpÞÜn²KñadEdl² dUcCa {swm²} {epSg²} {Tuk-Tuk}

¬eQµaHyanCMniH¦CaedIm.

Bakükm©I

Bakükm©ICaBaküTaMgT,ayNaEdlcUlmkBIRbPBbreTs . Bakükm©IkñúgPasaExµr PaKeRcInmk BI

Pasa)alI nig sMRswát manmYycMnYnmkBIRbeTsxaglic nigBIRbeTsCitxag nigBIRbeTsEdlFøab;manTM

nak;TMngvb,Fm’ neya)ay esdækic¨ CaedImCamYyRbeTsExµr .

sm<½nVviTüa

l,HExµrEckCal,HeTal l,HRkg nigl,HpSM . sMNg;l,H CaTUeTAeKarBtamlMdab;³ RbFan

bRmab;RbFan .


ÉksarBieRKaH

ekg v:an;sak;³ sUrs½TÞExµr/ 1966

XYn sukçmÖÚ³ TRmg;sUrviTüaExµr/ 1970

CYn Nat³ sñaRBHhsþcugeRkay

enA s‘un³ niekçbbT/ TItaMgPasaExµrkñúgcMeNamPasaGIusUT,g; nigminEmnGIusUT,g;/ TRmg;BüagÁ s nigs>B>

kñúgPasaExµr/ dMeNIrkarkmøayBaküExµrnwgpñt;mYycMnYn .

sU muyeXog³ TRmg;pñt;Exµr

T,ug esom³ vcnviTüaPasaExµr

G‘uy CYn³ evyüakrN_Biess

eGov ekIs³ PasaExµr

Eugenie Henderson: The Main Feature of Cambodian Pronounciation.

Georges Maspéro: Grammaire de la langue Khmère

Youri A. Gorgoniev: Khmer Language

Yuri A. Gorgoniev: Grammatika Khmerskovo Yazyka

Vadim M. Sontsev: Teoreticheskaja Grammatika kitajskaja yazyka

Vadim M. Sontsev: Yazyk kak Sitemno-strukturnoje Obrazovanije

vcnanuRkmExµr rbs;viTüasßanBuT§sasnbNiÐtü

Dictionnaire de linguistique, Larousse

Linguisticheskaja Ensiklopedia.

លកខណៈភាសាខ្ខ្ែរ - mengkorngdata · neou sun, ph.d in philology page 1

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