34(2011), 265290

,

__MN. No. 62 Mahrhulovdasutta __

*1)

. Mahrhulovdasutta . . . .

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Majjhima-nikya 62 MR-s. ,

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Majjhima-nikya 62 Mahrhulovdasutta(* 2011 ()

(NRF-2011-371-A00011).

* () . nikaya@naver.com

266 34

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,1)

MR-s.

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akkhanda)3) .

() ()

.4)

MR-s.

.

1) MN Ambalakrhulovdasutta(

) Carahlovdasutta(

) .

2) MR-s. MN. III

npnasatisutta(, PS-s.). PS-s. . MR-s.

. , , , , ,

, , , , , , , ,

14.

3) rpa() ,

.

.(SN. III, p.62), ,

.(Dh 148),

.(MN. I, 190) . Rune

E. A. Johansson(1985 : 30) .

4) MR-s. ,

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, 267

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5) 7,(T2, p.581c) . ; 42(T2, p.780b) , ; 27(T2, p.192c) ; (2005) ,

.

SN. V Veslisutta, p.320ff.

.

,

. (T2, 207b) 809 .

6) Martin Stuart-Fox(1989 : 79) ,

.

268 34

B 5

.

R S .

S npnasati

RB npnasati

.

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a.

.

b.

.

c.

.

d.

.

e.

.

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a. ( ).

b. ( ).

c. ( ).

d. ( ).

e. ( ).

. Mahrhulovdasutta

.

,

,

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.(B : ; S : ; R : )

, 269

f. ( ).

g. ( ).

h. ( ).

i. ( ).

j. ( ).

k. ( ).

l. npnasati ( ).

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npnasati . npnasati

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.8)

7) Pps. III, p.136.

8) SN. II, Susmaparibbjakasutta, 119ff ; MN. I,

Mahgosigasutta, pp.212ff ; AN III, Kyasakkh-sutta pp.74ff.

270 34

.

.

,

.

.

,

.

.

Suttanipta 3 Rhulasutta

.

, [

]. [] .9)

.

.10)

.

9) savuto ptimokkhasmi indriyesu ca pacasu sat kyagat ty atthu

nibbidbahulo bhava.(Sn. 340)

10) nimitta parivajjehi subha rgpasahita asubhya citta

bhvehi ekagga susamhita.(Sn. 341)

, 271

.

.

.

,

. ,

.

,

(paccavekkhati). (ke

s), (lom), (nakh), (dant), (taco), (mas

a), (nahru), (ahi), (ahimij), (vakka), (haday

a), (yakana), (kilomaka), (pihaka), (papphsa), (ant

a), (antagua), (udariya), (karsa), (matthaluga),

(pitta), (semha), (pubba), (lohita), (seda), (meda),

(assu), () (vas), (khea), (sighik),

(lasika), (mutta) ..11)

11) MN. III, p.90. bhikkhave, bhikkhu imameva kya uddha pdatal

adho kesamatthak tacapariyanta pra nnappakrassa asucino

paccavekkhat: atthi imasmi kye kes lom nakh dant taco

masa nahru ahi ahimij vakka hadaya yakana

kilomaka pihaka papphsa anta antagua udariya karsa

pitta semha pubbo lohita sedo medo assu vas kheo sighik

lasik mutta'nti. (matthaluga)

, .

; SN 35.127: Bharadvaja Sutta . Bharadvaja

Sutta (Udena)

,

. DN

22:Mahsatipahna Sutta

.

272 34

32

,

.

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,

.

.12)

MR-s.

() .13)

.

12) (2004 : 246)

. .

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.

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.

13) (T1, p.645a) .

. Mathieu Boisvert(1997 : 34)

, ,

, ,

. Dhammasagai ,

, ,

,

.

, 273

(Pahavdhtu) :

. , , , , , , ,

, , , , , , , , , , , (2

0 )

(podhtu) :

. , , , , , , , , ,

, , .(12 )

(Tejodhtu)14) :

. 15)

.(4 )

(Vyodhtu) :

. , ,

, , , , .

(ksadhtu) : ,

, . , ,

,

.16)(6 )

,

.

. , ,

.

17) .

14) tejat ti tejo(Vism, p.364)

. . .

15) Pps. II, p.227 yena kupitena

aya kyo ayhati . (2009 : 707 note 1074) .

16) MN. I, pp.421-423. ; MN. III, Dhtuvibhaga sutta, pp.240-241

.

17)

. ( 2012, p.72)

, .

274 34

,

.

.18)

,

.

MR-s.

, Satipahnasutta

. ,

,

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.

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.20)

18) , ... ,

. (2011 :

267) . (2008 : 77)

. .

19) MN. I, p.58. (2009 : 175).

.

20) SN. II, p.237. druo, bhikkhave, lbhasakkrasiloko.

Lbhasakkrasiloko , bhikkhave, chavi chindati, chavi chetv

, 275

,

. --

,

.

. ,

.

.

(vivicc eva kmehi)21)

, ,

.

,

.

camma chindati, camma chetv masa chindati, masa chetv

nhru chindati, nahru chetv ahi chindati, ahi chetv

ahimija hacca tihati. ;

Vlarajjusutta .

21) MN I, p.21 ; SN. II, p.210 ; SN. IV, p.263 .

/

.

.

276 34

.

1.

MR-s.

,

.22) .

,

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, .23) ,

, []

. ,

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22) ,

.

. , ?

. Katam ca Rhula podhtu : podhtu

siy ajjhattik siy bhir.(MN, I, p.422)

23) 2009 , .,

.(p.707-708) .

. .

pahav-sama ; po-sama ; tejo-sama ; vyo-sama sama

, sama like, equal, the

same(PTSD, s.v. sama) . ;

.

.

, 277

, ,

, . ,

[] .24)

, , .25)

, , , ,

, .

.

26), [

] . .

24) MN I, p.423. Pahavsama Rhula bhvana bhvehi,

pahavsama hi te Rhula bhvana bhvayato uppann

manpmanp phass citta na pariydya hassanti. Seyyath pi

Rhula pahaviy sucim pi nikkhipanti asucim pi nikkhipanti

gthagatam pi nikkhipanti muttagatam pi nikkhipanti kheagatam pi

nikkhipanti pubbagatam pi nikhipanti lohitagatam pi nikkhipanti, na ca

tena pahav ayati v haryati v jigucchati v, eva eva kho tva

Rhula pahavsama bhvana bhvehi, pahavsama hi te Rhula

bhvana bhvayato uppann manpmanp phass citta na

pariydya hassanti.

25) ;

; (dhovati),

(ahati), (upavyati)

.

.

26) Buddhaghoa Idni ssa tdibhvalakkhaa cikkhanto

pahavsaman ti dim ha. Ihnihesu hi arajjanto adussanto td

nma hoti.

.

.(Pps, p.139)

.

278 34

2.

, .

,

. 27)

.

MR-s.

,

.

.

7 , .

.

.28)

Sn. Mettasutta( Ms.)

27) MN I, pp.424-426. .

28) (2010) .

, 279

.

metta ca sabba-lokasmi mnasam bhvaye aparima

uddha adho ca tiriya ca asambdha avera asapatta (Sn.150)

, .

, , , , , .

tiha cara nisinno va sayno v yvat assa vigatamiddho

eta sati29) adhiheyya brahmam eta vihra idha hu.(Sn.151)

, , [], ,

( ) , .

[] [] .

, MR-s.

. Ms.

.

.

. .

.

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.30)

29) . 2010 : 17

note 11 .

30) MN. I, Vatthpamasutta, p.38. So mettsahagatena cetas eka

disa pharitv viharati, tath dutiya tath tatiya tath catutthi,

iti uddham adho tiriya sabbadhi sabbatthatya sabbvanta loka

mettsahagatena cetas vipulena mahaggatena appamena averena

abybajjhena pharitv viharati.

280 34

. (asubhabhvan)31) ,

.

.

,

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,

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, ,

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,

. . ... ...

, ,

,

. .32)

,

(MN. I, p.59. anissito ca viharati na ca kici loke updiyati).

31) (2011) .

32) MN. I, Satipahnasutta, pp.58-59. (2009 : 175).

.

, 281

.

.

,

. .

,

.

.33)

.34)

(aniccasa). SN

Aniccasasutta( AS-s.)35)

.

,

[] , [] []

, [] ,

() , () .36)

33) (2012), (2012/3/28.15)

34) (2012 : 112)

. (npnasati, )

.

. ,

.

.

. 5 ,

.

35) SN. III, p.155-157.

36) SN. III, p.155. aniccasa bhikkhave bhvit bahulkat sabba

kmarga pariydiyati sabba rparga pariydiyati sabba

bhavarga pariydiyati sabba avijja pariydiyati asmimna

pariydiyati samhanti.

282 34

AS-s. () ,

, , ,

MR-s. .

. AS-s.

, ()

.37)

[] . [] . []

. [] . ... ... [] . ... ... [

] . ... ... [] . [] .

[] . .38)

,

- - .

,

.

. MR-s.

16 .

. .

(dgha) . (rassa)

. (sabbakyapaisav

ed) . .

(passambhaya kyasakhra) .

. (ptipaisaved)

37) SN. III, p.21 Aniccasutta ,

.

38) SN. III, p.157. iti rpa iti rpassa samudayo iti rpassa atthagamo.

iti vedan... iti sa... iti sakhra... iti via. iti viassa

samudayo iti viassa atthagamo ti.

, 283

. . (sukhapaisaved)

. .

(cittasakhrapaisaved) . .

(passambhaya cittasakhra)

. . (cittapa

isaved) . .

(abhippamodaya citta) . .

(samdaha citta) .

. (vimocaya citta)

. . (aniccnupass)

. . (virgn

upass) . .

(nirodhnupass) . .

(painissaggnupass) .

. (MN. I, p.425)

16 MN PS-s.() . DN Mahsatipahnasutta(, MSP-s.) .39) ,

, (

), . -

, - , - , -

.40)

MR-s.

(mahapphal) (mahnisas)

, .

39) 2008 : 47. Vsm(p.267) PS-s. MR-s.

.

40) 2008 : 48. MSP-s. MR-s. PS-s.

,

,

.

284 34

.41)

.

PS-s. MSP-s.

. (vijjvimutti)

.42)

.

MR-s.

.

,

.

41) MN. I, p.425-426. eva bhvitya kho Rhula npnasatiy eva

bahulkatya ye pi te carimak asssapasss te pi vidit va

nirujjhanti no avidit ti. , Vsm

. [] (bhavacarimak)

(jhnacarimak)

(cuticarimak). ,

, 4

, 3

.

42) MN. III, p.88. MSP-s.(DN. II, p.314)

, . dihe va

dhamme a sati v updisese angmit. tihantu.

. MN. III, p.82

(npnasati) (cattro satipahne) ,

(satta bojjhange) ,

(vijjvimutti) . .

, 285

,

.

MR-s. 7.

, 5

,

.43)

.

. ,

, , , ,

.

,

.

7

.

,

.

.

43) Nathan Katz(1982 : 72) , samatha

vipassan ,

. Nyaponika

, .

.

286 34

,

.

.44)

.

,

. ,

.

MR-s.

, ,

.

John Welwood , ,

,45)

, .

44) (2004) (2004 2 18)

.

45)

, MR-s.

,

.

, 287

DN = Dgha Nikya, PTS

MN = Majjhima Nikya, PTS

Pps = Papacasdan, vol. III, PTs

SN = Sayutta Nikya, PTS

Sn = Suttanipta, PTS

Vsm = Visuddhimagga, PTS

PS-s. = npnasatisutta

AS-s. = Aniccasasutta

MR-s. = Mahrhulovdasutta

Ms. = Mettasutta

MSP-s. = Mahsatipahnasutta

JIABS = Journal of International Association of Buddhist Studies

PTSD = Pli English Dictionary

T = Taish Shinsh Daizokyo

(2012). ( ), : .(2012). , : (2004). ( ), :

(2008). ( ), : (2009). , : .John Welwood(2011). (, , 2),

: .

Mathieu Boisvert(1997). The Five Aggregates, Delhi : Sri Satguru

288 34

Publications.

Nathan Katz(1982). Buddhist Images of human perfection, Motilal

Banarsidass, Delhi.

Rune E. A. Johansson(1985). The Dynamic Psychology of Early

Buddhism, London : Curzon Press(2nd edition).

(2011). , 36. 295-326.

(2011). , , : , 249-278.

(2008). , ,. 39-62.

(2010). , 32. 9-38.

(2005). : ,

Vol.18. 85-93.Martin Stuart-Fox(1989). Jhna and Buddhist Scholasticism,

JIABS, 12-2. 79-110.

(2004). (), 2004/2/18. 10.(2012). ,

2012/3/28. 15.

, 289

Abstract

The Theory of the Four Great Elements Concerning

Meditation and the Effects of Practice

Lee, PilWon

Dongguk University(Gyeongju)

Buddhist practice is a Liberation Path () that

eliminates afflictions in order to achieve enlightenment or

liberation from suffering and delusions. To reborn in a

Heaven or the Pure land is a secondary goal in Buddhist

practice. Also, there are various practice-methods in

Buddhism, because everyone has different capacities and

dispositions and there are different practices appropriate for

each level or type. It is characteristic of Buddhist practice

that it provides diverse practice-methods suitable for

various kinds of personalities. Majjhima-nikya No.62

Mahrhulovdasutta (MR-s.) is a typical sutta that

provides various kinds of practice-methods.

Firstly this sutta analyzes human as the four great

elements (mah-bhta). It provides the basics of the

practice to eliminate the attachment to body and the

discriminating mind. Then it introduces various kinds of

practice-methods. Lastly the sutta explains mindfulness of

in-and outbreathing (npnasati). This is the

characteristics of MR-s. system. This sutta casts a

meaningful and significant message to modern meditation

practitioners because it emphasizes the elimination of the

attachment to body and the discriminating mind.

This paper examined how the four great elements

(including space) are applied as the subject of meditation

290 34

and what is the function and effect of the meditation

subjects in terms of the system (or structure) of MR-s.

Especially this paper presented the specific practice-methods

in other suttas that are not mentioned in MR-s. in order to

help to understand practice-methods.

Keywords: the four great elements(mahA-bhUta),

meditation on impurity(asubhabhAvanA),

perception of impermanence(aniccasaJJA),

mindfulness of breathing(AnApAnasati),

stabilizing or concentration

meditation(samatha), observation

meditation(vipassanA).

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