كافكا في الرواية العربية السلطة و البطل المطارد.pdf

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ﺩﻤﺸﻕ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ ﻤﺠﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﺠﻠﺩ26 - ﺍﻟﻌﺩﺩ ﺍﻷﻭل+ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻲ2010 ﻜﺎﻅﻡ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﻨﺠﻡ227 ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﻴﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻜﺎﻓﻜﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁل ﺍﻟﺩﻜﺘﻭﺭ ﻜﺎﻅﻡ ﻋﺒﺩﺍﷲ ﻨﺠﻡ* ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺨﺹ ﺇﻥ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺘﺄﻤل ﻜﺎﻓﻜﺎ ﻓﺭﺍﻨﺯ ﻤﺤﺎﻭﺭ ﻋﻥ ﻴﻜﺸﻑ ﻫﻲ ﺭﺌﻴﺴﺔ: ﺍﻟﻐﺭﻴﺒـﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻭﺍﻟﻡ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻤﻌﻘﻭﻟﺔ، ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁل، ﺍﻷﻤـﺎﻥ ﺒﻌﺩﻡ ﻭﺍﻹﺤﺴﺎﺱ ﺍﻻﻏﺘﺭﺍﺏ ﻭﻫـﻲ، ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺘﺸﻜل ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺘﺏ ﻭﻟﻜ ﺍﻟﺨﻴﺎﻟﻲ، ﺍﻟﺫﻱ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻥ ﻴﺘﺨﻠﻰ.. ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺨﻴﺎﻟﻲ ﻤﺸﻴ ﺒﻤـﻭﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ، ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﺨﺎﺼـﺔ ﺯﺍﻭﻴـﺔ ﻤﻥ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻤﻨﻅﻭﺭﺍ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﻋﻥ ﺍﻟﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻤﻥ ﺃﻨﻪ ﻴﻌﻨﻲ ﺒﻤﺎ. ﺒﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﹸﻌﻨﻰ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ) ﺍﻟﻤﻁﺎﺭﺩ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﻁل ﺍﻟﺴﻠﻁﺔ( ﻓﻘﻁ، ﺍﻟﻤﺨﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﺎﻟﻀﻐﻭﻁ، ﺍﻟﺘﻲ ﻤﺎ ﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺘﻘﻭﺩ ﺍﻏﺘﺭﺍﺏ، ﺃﻭ ﺨﻭﻑ ﺤﺎﻟﺔ ﻓﻲ ﻭﺘﻀﻌﻪ ﻜﺎﻓﻜﺎ ﺒﺒﻁل ﺘﺤﻴﻁ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻓـﻲ ﺒﺎﻟﻌﻴﺵ ﺍﻟﺸﻌﻭﺭ ﻤﻌﺎﺩ ﻋﺎﻟﻡ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻨﻔﺴﻪ ﻴﺠﺩ ﻤﻥ ﻤﻁﺎﺭﺩﺍ ﺴﻠﻁﺔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻨﺎﺱ ﺘﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﻋﻠﻴﻬ ﺍﻀﻁﻬﺎﺩﺍ ﻭﺠـﻭﺭﺍ. ﻜﺎﻓﻜﺎ ﻤﺎﺭﺱ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻭﺭ ﻫﺫﺍ ﺨﻼل ﻭﻤﻥ ﺘﺄﺜﻴﺭ ﺍﺕ ﺤﻴﻥ ﺍﻟﺤﺩﻴﺙ، ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻷﺩﺏ ﻓﻲ ﻏـﺯ ﺒﻌﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻭﻁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﻼﻤﻌﻘﻭل ﺍﻟﻭﺠﻭﺩﻴﺔ ﻜﺘﺎﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻨﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻟﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺤﺭﺏ. ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﻓﻀﻤﻥ ﺍﻻ ﺘﻠﻙ، ﻜﺎﻓﻜـﺎ ﺃﻋﻤﺎل ﺒﻌﺽ ﺍﻟﺭﻭﺍﺌﻴﻭﻥ، ﻭﻤﻨﻬﻡ ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺏ، ﺍﻟﻤﺜﻘﻔﻴﻥ ﺇﻟﻰ ﻭﺼﻠﺕ ﺘﺠﺎﻫﺎﺕ ﻤﺜل" ﺍﻟﻘﻀﻴﺔ" " ﺍﻟﻘﺼﺭ" " ﺃﻤﺭﻴﻜﺎ" " ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺦ" ﺒﻌـﻀﻬﻡ، ﻓـﻲ ﹼﺭﺕ ﻭﺃﺜ، ﻻﺴـﻴﻤﺎ ﻓـﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﺘﻴﻨ ﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﺒﻌﻴﻨﻴﺎﺕ. ﺘﺘﻨﺎﻭل ﺍﻟ ﺩﺭﺍﺴ ﺍﻟﻤﻘﺎﺭﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻁﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻭﺭﻗﺔ ﻟﻬﺫﻩ ﺘﺠﺎﺭﺏ ﺃﺭﺒﻌـﺔ* ﺍﻵ ﻜﻠﻴﺔ ﺩﺍﺏ ﺒﻐﺩﺍﺩ ﺠﺎﻤﻌﺔ- ﺍﻟﻌﺭﺍﻕ

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    ) ( : Gray, Ronald (ed.): Kafka, U.S.A, Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1965.

    Kafka, Franz: The Trial, Translated from the German by Willa and Edwin Muir, London, 1963.

    Longley, John Lewis (JR): The Tragic Mask- A Study of Faulkners Heroes, U.S. A., Chapel Hill, The University of North Carolina Press, 1963.

    McElray , Bernard : The Art of Projective Thinking- Franz Kafka and Paranoid Vision, Modern Fiction Studies, Indiana, Vol.31, 1985, p 217. .

    1/12/2005.