استعمال اجهزة قياس الحرارة.pdf
TRANSCRIPT
-
a@kna@a@na@a na@na@wba@b
na@b!a@wb@ba@a%a
bna@jna@paya@bna@jna@paya@l^]
-
a@kna@a@na@a na@na@wba@b
na@b!a@wb@ba@a%a
bna@jna@paya@bna@jna@paya@l^]
-
/
0 1****2** 5 6 % 3 4+5 8 6$ 789 : :;
-
/0 1****2**
37 7- B3 CD" EF 5 38 >;? 789 : @;A 39 1- G HI< ! /J K=#L #
-
5 :
!" #$ %& ' () * + ,- !" #$ %& ' () * + ,- !" #$ %& ' () * + ,- !" #$ %& ' () * + ,-
./ 01 234 256 7%8 9:;3 >9 13 ?:% @ ABC =:%A ./ 01 234 256 7%8 9:;3 >9 13 ?:% @ ABC =:%A ./ 01 234 256 7%8 9:;3 >9 13 ?:% @ ABC =:%A ./ 01 234 256 7%8 9:;3 >9 13 ?:% @ ABC =:%A
- DEF 3 GH- DEF 3 GH- DEF 3 GH- DEF 3 GH 3 I J J K .L (3 IC (:% M%; +N OJ 1B3 9P QR% 3 I J J K .L (3 IC (:% M%; +N OJ 1B3 9P QR% 3 I J J K .L (3 IC (:% M%; +N OJ 1B3 9P QR% 3 I J J K .L (3 IC (:% M%; +N OJ 1B3 9P QR%
@ 3 I (SC 3 +1 L9 T: C U=:% @ (9 V6 (AWR4 (:AX1 R A4 (AJ Y @ 3 I (SC 3 +1 L9 T: C U=:% @ (9 V6 (AWR4 (:AX1 R A4 (AJ Y @ 3 I (SC 3 +1 L9 T: C U=:% @ (9 V6 (AWR4 (:AX1 R A4 (AJ Y @ 3 I (SC 3 +1 L9 T: C U=:% @ (9 V6 (AWR4 (:AX1 R A4 (AJ Y
1 9 3 3 ZE3 %#: 3 [ 5 %\ S;I31 9 3 3 ZE3 %#: 3 [ 5 %\ S;I31 9 3 3 ZE3 %#: 3 [ 5 %\ S;I31 9 3 3 ZE3 %#: 3 [ 5 %\ S;I3
-
6***+5*%**** *3* 4*****:E5 #F GH;/ EI E5 J @ !/ 3 KL+ :;;M &N>5 C; D:
OP 4+$ Q;R 4+$ 1-1 " U@V 1-2 !" U@V 1-3#$ U@V 1-4#$ %&' U@V 1-5B3 CD" EF 5 /5V 1-6H @3 /*B$ #$ :WM X0V 1-7#$ : G 4WDV /*B$
-
7OP 4+$ Q;R 4+$ 4-1# 5-4U@V ; : 435 /&"#=> 5-5B3 CD" EF 5 /5V 5-6 : . =>/&"# 5-7 : G 4WDV
5- YYYYY :YYYYY YYYYYIV YYYYY/&"#=>
-
8["F G+W ***** :;******
*
- 9-1
-
10
`Ia)3(jk
-
11
`Ia)5(@O
-
12
4=] ynV")8(L#I3 WV 6 EM C@.
`Ia )8(
-
13
6;?:-[! ( 10 C ) LM0V j\ #V&J E (F) :-
F = ( 9 / 5 C ) + 32 F = ( 9 / 5 x 10 ) + 32
F = 18 + 32 F = 50
vVs3 4V6(C ) EL` j\(K ):-C = K 273
6;?:-[!( 100 C ) EL` j\ (K )
100 C = K 273 100 C + 273 = K
373 = K
vfV& 4V6(F )E=& j\ (R ) :-F = R 459.7
6;?:-[! (212 F ) E=& j\ (R):-
212 F = R 459.7 212 F + 459.7 = R
671.7 = R
-
14
`Ia)9(";"8 :
-
15
#$M -I 0 _O. YR Y' E5 W6B GO.F /J +:-
-YPB k#YD UC#Y. e_OI hY^ 1#Y" XBM Y0 EY5 HY=6 H' Y#V k#D
YYY3@ hYYY^ SYYY @#YYY" 4*YYYD YYY35.4=])10.(
-4*YYD YY35 YY3o (YY35 UC#YY. eKYY 9mYYJ pYYY5
`Ia)13(% .;=
-
16
" L0$ 5BR" L#I3 5BR L3@ EY Y$` /YJ Y#$ qhY^ I#YD6 O *3= 5BR" ["#) 5B- `]" q3 L6 O" k0 .
#$ qh^ V+ E":--r^ o V.-#6 Q2Lir# *M` 8 R j\ .-)0 JD j\ 6G 40& E=33 E.-4WD#" K=# +_M &=\.
"M5 E:--LR) KW! jL5 # 3#5 eLR) KW! : jL5' j\ BW#! 3L` 9\.
[" W E)V")2(!C-\ `" _)@3 PB 9 #$ /J @*r [O5F.
6")2([O5F_)@3 PB 9 #$ /J @*r
`& 9; `& .-L35 G\ 4) V@3 /oM p)n 0 -]3L =&=3 53W3 J - L-) 3o E (0# -]3 `! J
- G /O@V Q ]3 1
-i6LR) H @3 /J 00r6 "' D` "LR)L /I [:@ "' 2-i603 : 03 : /J D` 3 -]3 J -/J GB&Q " = E (06 )&F 1@r G0 /O@V Q :W 4
-
17
`Ia)14(E ;u
-
18
`Ia)18(&P E ;u
-OD3 #$ 4=] )18(.Flat Thermometers
`Ia)19( E ;u
v^-BB3 #$ 4=])19(.Curve Thermometers
6")3(C@3 @) O 3#
& H `;C H; .510x 1.7 B 1 510x 1.2 V 2510x 1.4 ?^h 3510x 2.9 - 4510x 2.4 FB3 5510x 8.9 2+ 6
BYYYYY SBYYYYYR6 /YYYYY# I#YYYYYD3 YYYYY3 4YYYYYJ' E &= =)Y< /Y^ H Y@3 Y*BN Y#$
E#VYYr k YY!\ ,BYY SBYYR6 4=YYB" YYV eYY' YY-F BYY EYY SBYYR#J YY&$ e/YYJ ?)YYD"
1YY! YY36 4YY@ 9 =)YYD H\ gYY9 /YY8 BL 1 3# 4@ H\ EY! /YJ iY-
^ 5-10 x1,7) (Vs .[" YYYW yYYYnV")3(1YYY 3#YYY CYYY@
/O3 @) .
-
19
`Ia)20(;D ,#C< E (0#V" .3-V, @M# C ,#C< E (0#" .3-, @M# C
-
56
SM G+vvvWv ******** A 3**********
*%*
-
57
j
-
58
d2:fffF !fff2 )(fff .;fff5 fffF fff0 ;%)X(kfff;R ;%fff .;fff5 A ;M:-
)( /^ /#V& ZV # jL5 G3 3W6 )0Vs . ( '-)( V! j\ *M= O 4V6 jL5 1 2"+3 435 ' ) 3#@V. -)( QV/# jL5 1 2"+3 4-6 E=3. 2-)( E qo X=@M KP#B o q 36 H` +' /J ()*+ I#DV
k.F 4*D.-
)( ?< 1Y! 4Y@ "9 #YDN)N.T.C(V+M *M= ,#"0 +6 .
v^-
d3-/$ !2 `D; d/$ M %C; .;7;C5 P ;
-
59
;%
;% C :7; E;RC )R" e.03 Y Y ghY`"
-
60
C;%:;
-
61
jL C
-
62
;% C:
-
63
;% C:C
-
64
;% jL C
-
65
;% C:d;/ ;" "H >
-
66
:;&0 He ;D :;&0 D
-
67
89>e ;D :;&0 D
-
68
/H;0 !"< ; G5-D