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Present-day Japanese Men:Free or Trapped by Gender Roles?

B12451 　 Chiho 　 Onoda

Outline

1. Introduction2. Defining Terms3. Free4. Trapped by Gender Roles5. Analysis6. Conclusion

2. Defining Terms

Gender Roles

- Roles of male or female, especially when considered with reference to social and cultural differences, not

differences in biology

Oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com (2014a)

2. Defining Terms

Free

- Able to act or as one wish- have more choices for decision

makingBroad gender roles

2. Defining Terms

Trapped

- Being in an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escape

Oxford learners dictionaries.com (2014b)

Narrow gender roles

Outline

1. Introduction2. Defining Terms3. Free4. Trapped by Gender Roles5. Analysis6. Conclusion

3. Free

3.1 Employment gap

3.2 Wage disparities

3.1 Employment gap

Labor force participation rate

Men: 84.6%Women: 65.0%

Cabinet Office (2014a)

3.1 Employment gap

Cabinet Office (2014b)

Figure 1: Ratio of Women in the Managerial Position

3.1 Employment gap

National Diet (House of representatives)

Diet men 92%Diet women 8% (39/480 人 )

asahi.com (2014)

3.2 Wage disparities

Huffington Post (2014)

Figure 2: Average Annual Income of Men/Women

3.2 Wage disparities

Cabinet Office (2014c)

Figure 3: Ratio of salaried employee

Outline

1. Introduction2. Defining Terms3. Free4. Trapped by Gender Roles5. Analysis6. Conclusion

4. Trapped by Gender Roles

4.1 Low rate of happiness feeling

4.2 Number of suicide

4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

4.1 Low rate of happiness feeling

Cabinet Office (2014d)

Figure 4: Percentage of People Feel Happy

4.2 Number of suicide

Cause of suicide:

Working problem

20-29: Men 12.3% Women 4.9%

Cabinet Office (2014e)

4.2 Number of suicide

Cabinet Office (2014f)

Figure 5: Changing of the Number of Suicide by Middle-Aged Men and Firm Gone Bankrupt

4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

Cabinet Office (2014g)

Figure 6: State of Men who use Child Care Leave

4.3 New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

Cabinet Office (2014h)

Figure 7: Ideal and Reality on Priority of Men

Outline

1. Introduction2. Defining Terms3. Free4. Trapped by Gender Roles5. Analysis6. Conclusion

5. Analysis

Free・ Employment gap・ Wage disparities

Trapped・ Low rate of happiness feeling・ Number of suicide・ New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

5. Analysis

3.1 Employment gap

???Broad gender roles

5. Analysis

3.1 Employment gap

Labor force participation rate

Men: 84.6%Women: 65.0%

Cabinet Office (2014a)

5. Analysis3.2 Wage disparities

Cabinet Office (2014i)

Figure 8: Ratio of People Feel Happy for Each Income Class

5. Analysis

Free・ Employment gap・ Wage disparities

Trapped・ Low rate of happiness feeling・ Number of suicide・ New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’

5. Analysis

Cabinet Office(2014j)

Figure 9: Percentage of People Feel Happy Divided by Their Occupation4.1 Low rate of happiness feeling

- Being in an unpleasant situation from which it is hard to escapeNarrow gender roles

5. Analysis

4.2 Number of suicide

Men 19.1%Women 27.1%

Cabinet Office (2012)

Main cause:

Health Problem

5. Analysis4.3 New Ideal Symbol ‘Ikumen’

Figure 10: Men Should Work and Women Should Do the Housework and Childcare

Cabinet Office (2014k)

Also,Narrow gender roles

Outline

1. Introduction2. Defining Terms3. Free4. Trapped by Gender Roles5. Analysis6. Conclusion

6. Conclusion

Free・ Employment gap 　△・ Wage disparities 　 △　　　　　　

Trapped・ Low rate of happiness feeling 　　〇　・ Number of suicide 　　　　　　　　 〇　 ・ New ideal symbol ‘Ikumen’ 　　 〇

Present-day Japanese Men: Trapped by Gender Roles

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