關係代名詞 (relative Pronouns

)

兼有代名詞與連接詞的作用的代名詞叫做關係代名詞

關係代名詞型態如下：

先行詞主格 所有格 受格

人 who whose whom

人以外的動物、事物

which whose

of which

which

人，動物，事物 that that

文法要點 1. 關係代名詞兼有代名詞與連接詞的作用。 EX ： I know the man. + He came yesterday. = I know the man who came yesterday. ( 我認識昨天來的那個人。 ) 2. 先行詞： （ 1 ）關係代名詞所代表的名詞或代名詞叫做先行

詞。 （ 2 ）先行詞的位置通常在關係代名詞前面緊靠著

關係代名詞。 EX ： She is the girl who wrote the letter.

3. 句中該用何種關係代名詞視其先行詞而定。（ 1 ）先行詞若為「人」，則用 who, whose, whom, that 等。（ 2 ）先行詞若為「物」或「人以外之動物」，則用which, that 等。4. 關係代名詞所引導的子句叫做關係子句。（ 1 ）除 what 所引導的關係子具有名詞子句的性質之外，關係子句均有形容詞子句的性質，而用以修飾先行詞。（ 2 ）關係子句的位置通常在句中或句尾。

EX ： This is the boy who wants to see you .( 形容詞子句 )

The girl whom you saw yesterday is his sister. （形容詞子句）

I’ll show you what I bought. ( 名詞子句 )

5. 關係代名詞的格：

（ 1 ）關係代名詞若為關係子句的主詞即用主格。

EX ： This is the teacher. + He teaches us English. = This is the teacher who (that) teach us English. ( 主格 )

The bird is over there. + It is worth NT30. =The bird which (that) is worth NT30 is over there.

（ 2 ）關係代名詞若為關係子句內的動詞或介系詞的受詞即用受格。

EX: John is the student. + He teaches him.( 受格 ) = John is the student whom (that) he teaches.

The books are nice. + I bought them yesterday. =The books which (that) I bought yesterday are nic

e.

(3) 關係代名詞的所有格：關係代名詞為關係子句的所有格。

EX ： I have a friend. + His sister is a teacher.

( 所有格 ) ＝ I have a friend whose sister is a teacher.

The book is mine. + Its cover is green. =The book whose cover is green is mine.

6.That 的用法

(1) 可以用以代替 who, whom, which. (2) 所有格的替換不能用 That. (3) 先行詞有最高級形容詞時，必須用 That. (4) 序數（ the first, the last… ）、 the only 、 any 、

all 、 no 等字之後要接 that. (5) 前有兩種先行詞（人＋動物、事物）時，宜用 T

hat. EX: Look at the boy and his dog that are crossing t

he bridge.

(6) 前有疑問詞 who 或 which 時，宜用 that 避免重複。

EX ： Who is the man that reading a book over there?

(7) That 之前不能有介系詞。EX: This is the house in which he lives.= This is the house that he lives in.= This is the house where he lives.(8) 若 That 之前有「逗點」時，亦不可使用。

7. 關係代名詞前面若沒有「逗點」，則此關係子句是限定前面的「先行詞」，為「限定用法」。若有「逗點」為「補述用法」， 「逗點」不可省略，用以補充說明其先行詞的意思 。EX: He has two sons, who work in the same place.他（只）有兩個兒子在同一個地方工作。 He has two sons who work in the same place.他有兩個兒子在同一個地方工作。（可能還有幾個兒子在其他的地方工作→限定用法）

8. 複合關係代名詞 ：關係代名詞“ who, which, what”字尾加“ ever”, 即成為複合關係代名詞，但無先行詞。

主格 受格 所有格whoever

(=anyone who)

whomever

(=anyone whom)

whosever

(=anyone whose)

whichever

(=any…that)

whichever

whatever

(=anything that)

whichever

whoever (=anyone who) 「主格」，不論誰Ex: 《老師把筆發給任何需要的它的人。》The teacher gives a pen to whoever needs  it. 直接受詞 主詞 動詞 受詞whomever (=anyone whom) 「受格」，不論誰EX: 《把那個給任何要它的人。》Give it to whomever you like . 受詞

whatever (=anything that) 「主格、受格、所有格」 , 不論什麼…Ex: 《你可拿你喜歡的任何東西。》You   may  take   whatever   you   like. 受詞 主詞 動詞whichever (=any…that ， either that)「主格、受格、所有格」 , 不論哪一個…Ex: 《隨便拿一個你所喜歡的。》Take whichever you like. 受格

Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者事竟成