흉관 관리 및 배액법. role of chest tube removal of fluid or air from pleural space...
TRANSCRIPT
Role of chest tube
• Removal of fluid or air from pleural space– restoration of the negative pressure– full expansion of the lung– effective gas exchange
• Instillation of chemotherapeutic agent after removal of malignant effusion
Indications of chest tube insertion
• post-thoracotomy status
• hemothorax
• pneumothorax
• empyema
• chylothorax
• emphysema disease
• prophylactic: ARDS, high PEEP
• others
Placement of chest tube• Post-thoracotomy status
– usually two site insertion(28Fr, 32Fr)• Pneumothorax
– usually 4th ICS on anterior axillary line– 흉강경 수술이 예상될 경우 7th ICS on mid- axillary line
• Pleural fluid – usually 5th, 6th ICS on mid axillary line ( 가능한 dependent position 에 위치 )– Loculation 이 된 경우라면 위치가 달라질 수도 있으며 . 방사선과에서 PCD (Pigtail Chest Drainage) 시행
• Chest tube size– Pneumothorax : 20-28Fr, Effusion : largest that can easily be drained
Underwater seal drainage system
A. one-bottle system
B. two-bottle system
C. three-bottle system
D. balanced drainage system
* Heimlich valve
outpatient management
Suction
• To overcome the air leak• To expand the lung early only in air leak
• Optimal pressure -10 ~ -20 cm H2O
• Higher levels of suction should be avoided– lung damage, pulmonary edema
– avoid vigorous milking or squeezing
Observation of drainage system
• Fluctuations according to respiratory pattern absent - full expansion - blocked tubing • Fluids: volume, color, consistency Hemothorax > 200-300ml/hr• Air leak• Tube clamping should be avoided• Bottle position: 70-90cm below the thorax
Check point during Chest tube management, I
• Clot in chest tube inside patient
• clot in the tube• dependent loop in patient
tube with fluid• kink in patient tube• partial dislodgment of
catheter• partial disconnection
between tube and catheter
Check point during Chest tube management, I
• Clot in chest tube inside patient
• clot in the tube• dependent loop in patient
tube with fluid• kink in patient tube• partial dislodgment of
catheter• partial disconnection
between tube and catheter
Check point during Chest tube management, I
• Clot in chest tube inside patient
• clot in the tube• dependent loop in patient
tube with fluid• kink in patient tube• partial dislodgment of
catheter• partial disconnection
between tube and catheter
Check point during Chest tube management, II
• Overfilled water seal• in line connectors not
properly secured• patient tube clamp in situ• chest drain in not upright• insufficient suction• suction is too vigorous• too high chest drain
position
Check point during Chest tube management, II
• Overfilled water seal• in line connectors not
properly secured• patient tube clamp in situ• chest drain in not upright• too high chest drain
position • insufficient suction• suction is too vigorous
Check point during Chest tube management, II
• Overfilled water seal• in line connectors not
properly secured• patient tube clamp in situ• chest drain in not upright• too high chest drain
position• insufficient suction• suction is too vigorous
Chest tube occlusion• Etiology
– blood clots or viscous pleural effusion– kinking of chest tube
• prevention– strip chest tube hourly– insert sufficient large tube– insert additional tube to help evacuate blood, if needed– eliminate kinking by proper positioning and exit
location of the tube - never place tube posterior to midaxillary line
Removal of chest tube
• Indication– air and fluid are no longer present
in the pleural space– full re-expansion of the lung
• Clamp the tube for 12-24hrs
• “Inflate and hold ” technique
• Occlusive dressing
• Be confirmed by chest X-ray
Reminder again• Water seal• Keep the bottle below the patient• Transporting injured patient with Chest
bottle; do not clamp the tube• Right connection between bottle and chest
tube• Periodic check kinking of the tube• Avoid back pressure to chest tube drainage