虚拟语气虚拟语气Subjunctive MoodSubjunctive Mood

• 概念： MoodMood （语气）• 语气是表示讲话人对说话内容的看法，在动词上会呈现不

同的形式：陈述语气（ the Indicative Mood) 、祈使语气（ the Imperative Mood) 、虚拟语气（ the Subjunctive Mood)

• 陈述语气 : 客观表达动作或状态 Flowers blossom in spring.

The yellow leaves are falling in the autumn wind.

The moon is peeping through the window at the sleepless girl. ( 明月皎洁透窗入，照见长夜不眠人。）

• 祈使语气：表示号召、命令、请求、劝告、警告、禁止等。 Keep off the grass.

Do drop in to see us. （务必来坐坐。） Let’s go home.

• 虚拟语气：虚拟语气把动作当作一种只存在于讲话人想象中的假设或推测，而不是当作客观现实中的真实事件。它表达的是怀疑、忧虑、推测、假设想象或祝愿。

I wish I were a butterfly.

Mother told me to put on my sweater lest I should catch cold. ( 以免 )

God bless you!

He suggested that we should cherish our time at school.

虚拟语气应用的种类虚拟语气应用的种类

• 非真实条件句• 主语从句• 宾语从句• 表语从句• 同位语从句• 状语从句• 定语从句• 简单句

虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 分 句 条 件

条件从句

结果主句

与现在事实相反 did / were

would /should do

与将来事实相反     did / were    

were + to do should + do

would/should + do

与过去事实相反 had +done

would have done

• If the earth suddenly ___ spinning, we would all fly off it.

A. stopped B. had stopped

C. has stopped D. would stop

• Just fancy what life ___ like if we had no electricity! (be)

• “How should the city be run?” “ If I ___ a mayor, I would make the streets cleaner and hire more policemen.”

A. would B. were C. would be D. should

假设现在情况的条件句：

I am sorry I am very busy just now. If

I had time, I would certainly go to the

movies with you.

If I were you, I would go there right now.

If I had the book at hand, I should read

the passage to you.

• If he had time, he could / might go with

you.

• If the whole operation ___ beforehand, a great deal of time and money would have been lost.

A. was not planned B. has not been planned

C. had not been planned D. were not planned

• The millions of calculations involved, had they been done by hand,___ all practical value by the time they were finished.

A. had lost B. would have lost

C. would lose D. should have lost

假设过去情况的条件句

• If he had been here yesterday, I should / would/ could/ might have told him about it.

• Things might have been much worse if the mother had insisted on her right to keep the baby.

• Jean doesn’t want to work right away because she thinks that if she ___ a job she probably wouldn’t be able to see her friends very often.

A. has to get B. were to get

C. had got D. could have got

假设将来情况的条件句

• It is unlikely that a nation would choose war if its goals ___ peacefully.

A. meet B. could be met

C. having been met D. would have met

If I hadn’t stood under the ladder to catch you

when you fell, you ___ now.

A. wouldn’t be smiling B. couldn’t have smiled

C. won’t smile D. didn’t smile

Key: B / A

错综时间条件句

• If you ___ Jerry Brown until recently, you’d think the photograph on the right was strange.

A. shouldn’t contact B. didn’t contact

C. weren’t to contact D.D. hadn’t contacted

• I apologize if I ___ you, but I assure you it was unintentional.

A. offend B. had offended

C. should have offended D. might have offended

Key: D / B ** 根据句意的需要，主句为陈述语气，从句为虚拟语气。

• 含蓄条件句• 句子结构上没有条件从句却意义上暗含虚拟

条件。这种句式分为简单句和并列句两种：• 简单句： but for, without, 上下文• But for his help, I wouldn’t have finished it so

early.(if it had not been for his help…)• Without electricity, there would be no modern

industry.(if there were no electricity…)• A safety analysis ___ the target as a potential

danger. Unfortunately, it was never done. A. would identify B. will identifyC. would have identified D. will have identified

• 并列句： but, or, otherwise

• He would have succeeded, but he didn’t listen to me.(If he had listened to me, he …)

• “Why didn’t you buy it?” “ I ___ but I didn’t have the money.”

A. would B. would have

C. had had D. had bought

(If I had had the money, I would have bought it.)

• He must have had an accident, or he ___ then.

A. would have been here B. had to be here

C. should be here D. would be here

• We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we __ him.

A. would have telephoned

B. must have telephoned

C. Would telephone D. had telephoned

(If we had known his telephone number, we would have telephoned him.)

主语从句主语从句• 以 it 为形式主语的复合句，表示建议、要求、

命令，谓语动词用 should be 或原形。• It is necessary that he (should) be informed.

• It is important that she (should) tell the doctor all her symptoms.

• 以形容词作表语： advisable( 可取的，明智的 ), appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable( 值得的，合意

的 ), essential, imperative( 紧急的，必要的 ), important, necessary, obligatory( 必须的，义不容辞的 ), preferable( 更可取的，更好的 ), proper, urgent, vital

• 短语型• It is my wish that he (should) be invited.• It is our demand that they (should) come soon.• It is of the utmost importance that you ___ he

re on time. A. be B. shall be C. are to be D. must be• 被动语态型：• It is recommended that the project ___ until al

l the preparations have been made. A. is not started B. will not be started C. not be started D. is not to be started

• It is politely requested by the hotel manage-ment that ratios ___ after 11 o’clock at night.

A. were not played B. not to play

C. not be played D. did not play

• 在主句中以被动语态形式作谓语的动词：• ask, decided, demand, desire, insist, move,

• order, prefer, propose, recommend, request,

• require, suggest, urge

宾语从句宾语从句• WishWish 的宾语从句中的谓语动词的宾语从句中的谓语动词 (( 现在过去将现在过去将

来来 ))• Sometimes I wish I ___ in a different time and a

different place. A. be living B. were living C. would live D. would have lived Key: B, 对现在事实的假设。• “These typewritten papers are very neat.” “I wi

sh I ___ type too, but I don’t know how.” A. can B. may C. could D. will Key: C, 对现在情况的假设。

• I wish / wished I had not spent so much money.

• He didn’t go to the party, but he does wish he had been there.

• I wish I could have slept longer this morning, but I had to get up and come to class.

• “Shall I open the window?” “Yes, please. I wish you would open it.”

• “ We can’t go out now. It’s too rainy.” “ I wish the rain would stop soon.”

• 2 、 suggest 等宾语从句中的谓语动词：• should do / be 或原形• My father did not go to New York; the doctor s

uggested that he (should) not go there.

• In the past men generally preferred that their wives work in the home.

• ask, decide, demand, direct, desire, insist,

• move, order, prefer, propose, recommend,

• request, require, suggest, urge.

• 以 it 为形式宾语的宾语从句中的谓语动词• consider, think, deem( 认为，相信 ) 等词后可以接 it 作形

式宾语，以某些形容词为宾补的复合宾语，宾语从句中的谓语动词用 should do /be 或原形：

• I consider it necessary that a meeting (should) be held immediately.

• The board deemed it urgent that these files should be printed right away.

• advisable, appropriate, compulsory, crucial, desirable• essential, imperative, important, necessary• obligatory, preferable, proper, urgent, vital

3 、 would rather 等宾语从句中的谓语动词would rather, would sooner, would just as soon

Wouldn’t you rather your child ___ to bed early?

A. go B. went C. would go D. goes

The manager would rather his daughter ___ in the same office.

A. had not worked B. not to work

C. does not work D. did not work• 表示对现在和将来的虚拟： B, D

• 对过去情况的虚拟• I would rather you hadn’t told me all this.

• I’d rather / wish that she had stayed at home.

• 表语从句 1 、在以 suggestion 等表示命令、建议、计

划等的名词作主语的表语从句中，谓语动词用 should do / be 或原形：

• One of the requirements for a fire is that the material be heated to its burning temperature.

• advice, aim, decision, demand, desire, motion, order,

• plan, proposal, recommendation, regulation,

• requirement, resolution, suggestion

• 2 、在 as if 引导的表示虚拟的表语从句中，谓语动词用 were/ did 表示对现在的假设；用 had done/ been 表示对过去的假设：

• I was so sick last night that I felt as if the room were going round.

• That tree looked as if it hadn’t been watered for a long time. （主句用过去时难以辨别虚拟）

• It looks as if it is going to rain.

• The milk smells as if it is sour.

• 当说话人所表示的不是假设情况而是一种可能的事实，则 as if 引导的就是陈述语气。

同位语从句同位语从句• 在以 suggestion 等表示命令、建议、计划等的

名词为同位语的同位语从句中，谓语动词用 should do / be 或原形：

• He rejected my suggestion that he should meet his daughter next week.

• The proposal that he be dismissed was supported at the meeting.

• advice, aim, decision, demand, desire, motion, order,

• plan, proposal, recommendation, regulation, • requirement, resolution, suggestion, wish

状语从句状语从句• 1 、 even if 引导的让步状语：• Even if we had enough money, we wouldn’t go abroad fo

r our holidays.( 现在、将来 )• Even if I had met him, I would not have told him about i

t. （过去）• 2 、倒装的让步状语从句：• Say what I would, he refused to go.( 不论我说什么 )• Come what I may, I will complete it. ( 不管怎样 )• Be that as it may, we should still help him. （尽管如此）• He is innocent, be he ever so naughty. ( 虽然他很调皮 )

• 方式状语： as if/ as though• He treats me as if I were a stranger.• Why is she looking at me as though she had

seen me before?• My uncle always talks as though he were a

ddressing a public meeting.• 目的状语： lest, in case, for fear (that)• The mad man was put in the soft-padded c

ell lest he injure himself.(= should injure)• Take your raincoat in case it should rain.• I daren’t tell you what he did, for fear he s

hould be angry with me.

It is time 后的定语从句• It is time (that) I were off.

• It’s high/ about time (that) the weather improved.

• It’s already 5 o’clock now. Don’t you think it’s about time we went home?

• It’s time something was done about the traffic problem downtown.

简单句• 1 、表示祝愿、诅咒• Long live our motherland!(May our motherland live long!)• God bless you! (May God bless you!)• 2 、用于 if only 引导的简单句：• If only I were you.( 我要是你该多好。 )• If only he had remembered to close the door.• If only the committee would approve the regul

ations and put them into effect as soon as possible.