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서미현 , 이지혜

Subordinate clauses ( 종속절 )•두 개의 절이 하나의 문장을 이룰 때 , 조건 ,

원인 , 전제 따위를 나타내며 주절을 한정하는 절

•Complex sentences - 복합문은 주절과 하나이상의 다른 절이 문장에 종속되어 구성된 것을 말한다 . ( 독립문장과 종속문장 (DC: dependent clause) 이 연결된 것이다 .)

•즉 , 종속절은 하나의 절인 주절이 복합문에 상위에 있고 종속절인 다른 절들은 그 후에 보여지는 것과 같이 주절을 한정한다 .

Complement clauses ( 보어절 )• (3) A. Elizabeth regretted that she had met Wickham.• B. Catherine feared that the Abbey was haunted. Elizabeth regretted her actions and Catherine feared the

General’s temper 의 보통명사구에서 자리할 수 있는 주절에 위치하고 있기때문에 전통적으로 명사절이라고 불린다 .

• (4) That Anne was in conversation with Mr Elliot dismayed Captain Wentworth.

• [ ] dismayed Captain Wentworth.

• (5) Fanny was delighted by the idea that she could subscribe to a library.

보어절인 That 절 이하가 명사를 한정 할 수 있다 .

Complement clauses ( 보어절 )(6) a. Who thought up the proposal that the committee be abolished?

b. There was a plan that we would visit Glasgow

today but the weather is terrible.

c. Scientists have disproved the theory that the moon is made of green cheese.

# 보어절은 제안 (the proposal), 계획 (a plan), 이론 (the theory) 등 선행하는 명사구의 내용을 전달한다 .

6.3.2 Relative Clauses(관계절 )

Relative clauses are called adjective clauses, refleting the fact that adjectives also modify nouns.

6.3.2 Relative Clauses(관계절 )Difference between adjectives and relative clauses:

Adjectives typically precede the noun in a noun phrase while relative clauses follow it.

6.3.2 Relative Clauses(관계절 )(7) a. The cottage which Mrs Dashwood accepted was rather small.

b. The gentleman who saved Marianne was Willoughby.

c. The book (which Marianne was reading) contained poems by Cowper.

d. The building (that we liked) is in Thornton Lacey.

6.3.2 Relative Clauses(관계절 )Note that although the that clause in (7d) is called a relative clause, that is not a relative pronoun but a conjunction.

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )The meaning of Adverbial Clauses•The name of ‘adverbial’ suggests that adverbial clauses modify verbs but they modify whole clauses.

•Their other key property is that they are adjuncts, since they are typically optional constituents in sentences.

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )Adverbial clauses classified according to their meaning

1.Reason( 이유 , 원인 )2.Time( 때 , 시간 )3.Concession( 양보 , 대조 )4.Manner( 장소 , 목적 , 결과 )5.Condition( 조건 )

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) a. ReasonBecause Marianne loved

Willoughby, she refused to believe that he had deserted her.

-> Because Marianne loved Willoughby gives reason Marianne refused to believe that Willoughby had gone.

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) a. ReasonAs, since (~ 때문에 )Because(~ 때문에 )Now (that) (( 이제 ) ~ 이니까 , ~

이기 때문에 )In that(~ 라는 점에서 )

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) b. TimeWhen Fanny returned, she found Tom

Bertram very ill.-> When Fanny returned , gives the time

at which another event happened, namely her finding Tom Bertram ill.

As Marianne was running, she fell.While they were in London, she looked

for Willoughby.

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) b. TimeAfter, Before, when, while(~

동안에 ), as(~ 하는 동안 , ~하고 있을때 ), as soon as(as soon as = the moment that), since(~ 이래로 ), until, once( 일단 ~ 하고 나면 )

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) c. ConcessionAlthough Mr. Darcy disliked Mrs Bennet, he married Elizabeth.

-> The writer says, as it were, ‘OK, I concede that he didn’t like Mrs Bennet. Nonetheless he married Elizabeth.’

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) c. ConcessionAlthough. Though (~ 에도 불구하고 )

Even if ( 비록 ~ 일지라도 )Even though ( 비록 ~ 이지만 )Whereas, while (~ 한 반면에 )Granting/ granted that (~ 라고 )

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )(8) d. MannerHenry changed his plans as the mood took him.

-> as the mood took him describes the manner in which Henry changed his plans and modifies the main clause Henry changed his plans.

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )< 장소 > where(~ 에 )< 목적 > so that, in order that (~ 하기 위해 )

< 결과 > so that ( 그러므로 ), so/ such A that B ( 너무 Ago 서 B하다 .)

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )e. ConditionIf Emma had left Hartfield, Mr woodhouse would have been unhappy.

-> This situation did not actually come about but would have—Emma’s leaving Hartfield would have brought it about.

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )e. ConditionIfProviding/ provided(that) ( 만약 ~ 라면 , 오직 ~ 해야만 )

On the condition that ( 만약 ~ 라면 )As/ so long as (~ 하는 한 , ~ 한다면 )In case that ( 만약 , ~ 일 경우를 대비해서 )Unless (~ 하지 않는 한 , ~ 하지 않으면 )Supposing/ suppose that ( 만일 ~ 이라면 어떻게 될것인가 )

6.3.3 Adverbial clauses (부사절 )e. ConditionIf Emma had left Hartfield, Mr.

woodhouse would have been unhappy.-> This situation did not actually come

about but would have—Emma’s leaving Hartfield would have brought it about.