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mzpe;Jiu nksytp fhQ;rp R. mg;JH ut+g; ghftp

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FHMdpy; (fp]hUy; K/g];]y;> (j;)jpthYy; K/g];]y;) 0�2�� ���? R 0S�2�� >��V vd rpwpa - ngupa mj;jpahaq;fs; gy ,Uf;f ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpw;F kl;Lk; ,j;jifa kfj;jhd rpwg;ig egpatHfs; mspj;jpUg;gJ Vd;? 3 njhlf;fj;jpy; nghJthd ,e;j tpsf;fj;ij Kd;itj;J ehd; Muha;e;jpl Kw;gl;Nld;. mjhtJ> #uj;Jy; f`;G jpUf;FHMdpd; jdpg;ngUk; mj;jpahak;.> filrpf; fhyf; Fog;gq;fspypUe;J - ve;jf; Fog;gq;fspd; ngUe;jiytdhf j[;[hy; tUthNdh me;jf; Fog;gq;fspy; - ,Ue;J ghJfhf;ff;$ba mj;jpahak;. mjw;Nfw;g rPuhd rpe;jidfisAk; Mopa fUj;JfisAk; ,J jd;Ds; nfhz;Ls;sJ. NkYk; j[;[hypd; tp\kj;jdkhd fUj;Jfis kf;fspilNa guthky; jLf;ff;$ba mUkUe;Jk; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; mjpf mstpy; mike;Js;sJ. vtH ,e;j mj;jpahaj;ij ed;F Gupe;J vy;yh Neuq;fspYk; Xjp kdg;ghlk; nra;jhNuh NkYk; ,jd; Mopa fUj;Jfisr; rpe;ij Fspu mUe;JfpwhNuh mtH> ,e;j cyfj;ijNa fjpfyq;fr; nra;af;$ba - ePbj;J epw;ff;$ba j[;[hypd; Fog;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gLthH. mjd; tiyapy; tPo;e;jplhky; jg;gpj;Jf;nfhs;thH. - ,NjNghd;W ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; - vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk; ehLfspYk; Njhd;wf;$ba Fog;gthjp fisAk; ,dq;fhl;b mtHfSila gpjw;wy;fspd; gpd;dzpiaAk; njspTgLj;Jk; tifapy; mwpthHe;j gy ctikfSk; topfhl;ly;fSk; Mq;fhq;Nf gutyhf mike;Js;sd. NkYk; ,e;j mj;jpahak;> j[;[hypd; Fog;gj;ij vjpHj;Jg; NghuhLtjw;fhf ek; neQ;rq;fisAk; rpe;jidfisAk; jahH gLj;jTk; nra;fpwJ. me;jf; Fog;gq;fis topelj;jpr; nry;Yk; jiytH fspd; rpe;jidg; Nghf;ifAk; tho;f;ifapd; Nehf;ifAk; njspthfTk; cWjpAlDk; vjpHf;ff;$ba XH capNuhl;lk; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; CLWtp epw;fpwJ.

mj;jpahak; KOtJk; xNu jiyg;gpd; fPo;... ,j;jifa nghJthdnjhU fUj;jpy; kd epiwT nfhz;L rpwg;Gkpf;f ,e;j mj;jpahaj;ij ehd; njhlHe;J Muha;e;jpl Kw;gl;lnghOJ mJ Kw;wpYk; GjpjhfNt vdf;Fj; Njhd;wpaJ. ,e;j mj;jpahak; njhlHghf vdJ kdj;jpy; gjpe;j njhlf;f epiyfUj;Jfisf; iftpsf;fhfg; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L mjd; mHj;jq;fspYk; fUj;JfspYk; Eioe;Njd;. me;ehs; tiuapYk; ehd; mwpe;jp uhj caH jj;Jtq;fSk; tpsf;fq;fSk; epiwe;j GjpaNjhH cyfpw;F te;jJNghd;w czHNt vdf;F Vw;gl;lJ!

3 Ma;Tj; jpwd;kpf;f mwpQHfs;> ngupa K`j;jp];fs;> FHMd; tpupTiu ahsHfs; gyH ,j;jifa rpe;jidg; Nghf;if Nkw;nfhz;L ,e;j mj;jp ahak; Fwpj;J Muha;e;jpUf;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpw;Fk; j[;[hypd; Fog;gj;jpw;Fk; khdrPfkhd njhlHG xd;W ,Ug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jpUf;fp whHfs;. ghl;dhitr; NrHe;j my;yhkh K`k;kj; jh`pH vd;ghH (,wg;G `p[;up 984) jkJ k[;kT gp hupy; md;thH vDk; E}ypy; Kd;NdhHfs; rpyupd; fUj;ij vOjpAs;shHfs;: filrpf; fhyj;jpy; Njhd;wf; $ba j[;[hypd; Fog;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;Fk; xUrf;jp ,e;jf; Fif mj;jpahaj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhf egp nkhopfspy; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. Kd;G xU fhyj;jpy; XH mepahaf;fhu murdpd; nfhLikapypUe;J Fifj; NjhoHfs; ghJfhf;fg; gl;lJ Nghd;W ,e;j mj;jpahaj;ij XJfpwtHfSk; j[;[hyplk; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gLthHfs;. my;yJ kf;fisf; Fog;gj;jpy; Mo;j;jf;$ba ngha;aHfs; vDk; j[;[hy;fsplk; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gLthHfs;. ,e;j tifapy; Nguw;Gjq;fSk; ,iwtdpd; Nguhw;wiy ep&gpf;Fk; mj;jhl;rp fSk; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sd. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; rpe;jpg;gtHfs; vspjpy; Fog;gk; mila khl;lhHfs;. njhlHe;J my;yhkh mtHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;: Mdhy; vdJ fUj;J vd;dntdpy;.egp(]y;)mtHfs; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; rpy rpwg;G mk;rq;fisf; fz;ljhy;jhd; ,jidg; gw;wp ,t;thW Fwpg; gpl;bUf;fpwhHfs;. (E}y;: k[;kc gp hupy; md;thH)

mj;jpahak; KOtJk; xNu jiyg;gpd; fPo; mike;jpUg;gJ vdf;Fg; Gyg;gl;lJ. mjw;F- <khDf;Fk; nghUs;Kjy; thjj;jpw;Fk; Nghuhl;lk; my;yJ ,t;Tyif MStJ ,iwahw;wyh? ,aw;if Mw;wyh? vd;W ngauplyhk;. ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s mwpTiufs;>ctikfs;> tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfs; kw;Wk; rkpf;iQ fs; midj;Jk; NeubahfNth kiwKfkhfNth ,e;jj; jiyg;gpd; fPo;jhd; NgRfpd;wd vdyhk;! ,j;jifa tpsf;fk; vdJ cs;sj;jpy; cjpj;jJ gw;wp ehd; ngupJk; kfpo;r;rp mile;Njd;. my; FHMDk; mz;zy; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; egpj;JtKk; vj;Jiz Nguw;Gjkhdit vd;gJ gw;wp NkYk; xUGjpa tpsf;fkhfNt vdf;F mJ GydhfpaJ! Mk;! md;W tiu ,e;jf; fUj;ij ehd; mwpe;jpUf;ftpy;iy. mjhtJ fp.gp. Mwhk; E}w;whz;;by; ,wq;fpa (,d;wpypUe;J rupahf 13 (14) E}w;whz;Lfl;F Kd;dhy; ,wq;fpa) ,e;j ,iwNtjk; my; FHMd; - fp.gp. 17Mk; E}w;whz;by; gpwe;J tsHe;J 20 Mk; E}w;whz;by; jd;id KOikahf ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l Fog;gkpf;f ,e;j j[;[hypa fyhr;rhuj;ij kpfj; njspthf tptupf;Fk; rpj;jpuk; xd;iw cyfj;jpw;F toq;FfpwJ! NkYk; me;jf; fyhr;rhuk; vl;bg;gpbf;f ,Uf;Fk; cr;r epiyiaAk; j[;[hy; vd;W egpj;Jt nkhoptof;fpy; kpfj;njspthff; $wg;gLfpw mjd; ngupa jiytidAk; kpfTk; rupahf ,dk; fhl;LfpwJ! Vwf;Fiwa 25 Mz;LfSf;F Kd;dhy; jhUy;cY}k; ej;tj; Jy; cykh mugpf; fy;Y}up- yf;Ndh-tpy; j/g;]PH Jiwg; Nguhrpupauhf ehd; ,Ue;jnghOJ ,e;jf; Fifmj;jpahaj;ijg; gw;wpa ,j;jifa mbg;gilf; fUj;JfisAk; tpsf;fq;fisAk; xU fl;Liuahf vOjpNdd;. md;iwa jpdk; NguhrpupaH nksyhdh i]apj; mGy; m/yh nksJ}jpnksyhdh i]apj; mGy; m/yh nksJ}jpnksyhdh i]apj; mGy; m/yh nksJ}jpnksyhdh i]apj; mGy; m/yh nksJ}jp mtHfis Mrpupauhff;nfhz;L i`juhghj;jpy; ,Ue;J ntsp te;Jnfhz;bUe;j jH[{khDy; FHMd;jH[{khDy; FHMd;jH[{khDy; FHMd;jH[{khDy; FHMd; vd;w ,jopy; mjid ntspaplr; nra;Njd;. ,Nj fhyj;jpy; nksyhdh nra;apj; kdh[pH m`;]d; fPyhdp ♣ mtHfsplk; tpUe;jpduhfj; jq;Fk; mupa tha;g;G vdf;Ff; fpilj;jJ. ,J ele;jJ `p[;up 1366 - fp.gp. 1946 Mk; Mz;by;! mg;nghOJ nksyhdh fPyhdp mtHfs; i`juhghj; c];khdpah gy;fiy fofj;jpy; jPdpa;ahj; -nfhs;if ,ay;Jiwapd; jiyikg; Nguhrpupauhfg; gzpahw;wpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. xt;nthU ,uTk; nksyhdh mtHfSld; gw;gy tp\aq;fs; Fwpj;J ehd; tpthjpj;Jf; nfhz;bUg; Ngd;. mg;nghOJ Fif mj;jpahak; njhlHghf ehd; vOjpa rpwpa fl;Liuiaj;jhk; gbj;jjhfTk; kpfTk; kfpo;r;rp mile;jjhfTk; nksyhdh $wpdhHfs;. ,Nj jiyg;gpy; jhKk; tpupthf xU fl;Liuj; njhliu vOjpf; nfhz;bUg;gjhfTk; mjid my; /GHfhd; ,jOf;F mDg;GtjhfTk; njuptpj;jhHfs;. nksyhdh mtHfs; kuzk; mile;j gpd;G mtHfspd; epidthf my; /GHfhd; ,jo; rpwg;G kyH xd;iw ntspapl;lJ. mjpy; Fifmj;jpahak; njhlHghf nksyhdh vOjpa fl;Liuj; njhlH KOtJk; ntspaplg;gl;bUe;jJ. nksyhdh mtHfspd; me;jf; fl;Liu> kfj;Jtkpf;f ,e;jf; Fifmj;jpahak; gw;wp NkYk; NkYk; Muha;e;jplTk; vOjplTk; vdf;F ey;yhHtk; nfhLj;jJ. filrpf; fhyj;Jf; Fog;gk;> mjd; $g;ghL> mjd; jPa fUj;Jfs; Mfpatw;wpw;Fk; ,e;j mj;jpahj;jpw;Fk; cs;s njhlHG vd;d? Fwpg;ghf j[;[h ypd; Fog;gj;Jld; vd;d njhlHG? NkYk; ,e;j mj;jpahaj; jpd; gbg;gpidfs; ahit? mJ toq;Fk; rhd;Wfs; ahit vd;gijnay;yhk; cyfj;jpw;Fj; njspthf vLj;Jiuf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; vz;zk;

♣ jw;fhyj;jpy; ehd; mwpe;Js;s mwpQHfspy; ,tHfs;> epiwe;j gz;ghLk; Mokhd fy;tpAk; cilatH. jpifg;g+l;Lk; mwpTf;$Hik> Ez;zhuha;r;rpj; jpwd;> fUj;J tsk;> vOj;jhw;wy;> khHf;ff; fy;tpfsppYk; tuyhw;wpYk; jj;Jtj;jpYk; Mo khd tp\aQhdk; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; jdpr;rpwg;G ngw;Wj; jpfo;fpwhHfs;. `p[;up 1309 (fp.gp. 1893) Mk; Mz;L gpwe;j nksyhdh fPyhdp mtHfs;. J}dpf; kw;Wk; Njt;ge;j; Nghd;w mugpf; fy;Y}upfspy; fy;tp gapd;whHfs;. i`juhghj; c];kh dpah gy;fiyf; fofj;jpy; jPdpa;ahj; gupTj; jiytuhfg; nghWg;G tfpj;jhHfs;. NkYk; NguhrpupaH> khHf;fr; nrhw;nghop thsH> gd;D}yhrpupaH vdj; jpoe;j gd;Kfj; jpwikahsH! mtHfs; vOjpa mUikahd E}yfspy; - ,Wjp egp> mg+ jHU /fpghup> egpnkhop njhFf;fg;gl;l tuyhW> ,khk; mg+ `dPgh mtHfspd; murpay; tho;T> ,];yhkpag; nghUshjhuk; Nghd;wit Fwpg;gplj;jf;fit. ,d;Dk; Vuhskhd rpwe;j fl;LiufisAk; vOjpAs;shHfs;. `p[;up 1377 (fp.gp. 1956) Mk; Mz;L kuzk; mile;jhHfs;.

vd;Ds; gpwe;jJ. ,e;j mj;jpahak; gw;wp my;yh`; vdJ ,jaj;jpy; cjpf;fr; nra;j caHthd fUj;Jfisnay;yhk; vOjj; njhlq;fpNdd;. nksyhdh ifyhdp(mtHfsplk; khztuhfr; NrHe;J fy;tp gapYk; NgW vdf;Ff; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;whYk; vd; MrpupaHfSs; xUtuhfNt mtHfis fUjp te;Njd;. mtHfSk; vd;idj; jk; rNfh juHfSs; ♣ xUtdhfNt fUjp te;jhHfs;) mtHfspd; fl;Liuapy; mike;jpUe;j cd;djkhd tpsf;fq;fs;> jpUf;FHMd; gw;wpa El;gkhd jj;Jtq;fs; Mfpatw;iwAk; Jizf;Fg; gad;gLj;jpNdd;. ,e;j mj;jpahak; gw;wp ehd; vOJtJ Vida tpupTiuahsHfs; vOJtJNghd;w j/g;]PH - tpupTiu my;y. ,e;j mj;jpahak; gw;wpa mbg;gilahd fUj;Jfis - nghJthd mk;rq;fisNa ehd; vOJ fpNwd;.

j[;[hypd; jdpj; jd;ikapd; jpwTNfhy;!

j[;[hypd; jdpj; jd;ikapd; jpwTNfhy;-mjd; vy;yhg; g+l;LfisAk; jpwf;ff;$ba> mjd; Mok; vt;tsT vdj; njspTgLj;jf;$ba rhtp vd;dntdpy; - jPik> Fog;gk;> ,iwepuhfupg;G> ehj;jpfk; Mfpatw;wpd; miog;ghsHfs; midtupy; ,Ue;Jk;

j[;[hiy NtWgLj;jf; $ba jpwTNfhy; vd;dntdpy;> j[;[hyj[;[hyj[;[hyj[;[hy; 4 vDk; mtdJ gpuj;jpNafg;gl;lg; ngaNu MFk;. j[;[hy; (ngupa Fog;gthjp) vd;fpw jd;ikjhd; mtid mwpKfg;gLj;jf; $ba milahskhdJ. Fog;Gjy;> fUj;ij kaf;Fjy; (j[;y;>jj;[Py;) vDk; ,U Fzq;fSk; j[;[hYila jdpj; jd;ik apd; ,U JUtq;fshFk;. ,tw;iw ikakhff;nfhz;Ljhd; - j[;[hypd; jdpj;jd;ik> jPa miog;G fs;> mtdJ ciog;Gfs; - nray;ghLfs; midj;Jk; Rod;W nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

♣ nksyhdh ifyhdp mtHfs;> xUKiw jkf;F Vw;gl;l NehapypUe;J Fzk; mile;j gpd;dH vdf;F ,g;gb xU jghy; vOjpdhHfs;: vdf;F NehT mjpfkhfp capH tho;tjd;kPJ MjuT ,oe;jpLk; xt;nthU NeuKk; fz;zpaj;jpw;Fupa vd; rNfhjuuhfpa ePq;fs; ,Uf;fpwPHfs; vd;fpw vz;zk; jhd; vdf;F tUk;. ,e;jf; ftpij tupiaAk; epidj;Jg;ghHg;Ngd;:

#W$X9Y �Y�Z [;X.Z�Y� X)Y� \W'X.]'Z 0_KY� J XG[�J aW�]N [GX.Z.[< �Y� \W'X.]'Z [;X.WbJ CapH thOk; tiu xt;NthH ,uTk; (rpe;jid tPjpapy;) miye;J jpupfpNwd;! vd;id kuzk; mioj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; vdf;Fg; gpd; - miye;J jpupguplk; xg;gilj;J tpLNtd; - vd; ,uit!

4 yp]hDy; mug; vDk; E}ypy; ,g;D kd;#H $WfpwhHfs;: mj; jh[py; ) ا���ا��( vDk; nrhy;Yf;F - ngha; ciug;gtd;>

ngha; Kyhk; g+rf;$batd; vd;W nghUs;. ,jpy; ,Ue;Jjhd; j[;[hy; vDk; nrhy; vLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. j[;[hy; vd;gtd; ngha; ciuf;ff; $batDk; kf;fSf;Fj; Jd;gk; nfhLf;ff;$btDk; Mthd;. #dpaKk; ngha; ciug;gJNk mtdJ Fog;g khFk;. ,g;D fhyit`; vd;ghH $WfpwhH: j[;[hy; vd;gjw;F ,khk; mg+ ckiu tpl mofhf ahUk; tpsf;fk; mspj;jpl tpy;iy. mtH $WtJ ,Jjhd;: j[;[hy; vd;why; ngha; Kyhk; g+Rgtd; vd;W nghUs;. j[;[y;j; J]; i]/g; - ���د�� vDk; mugp thHj;ijf;F thSf;F Kyhk; g+rpNdd;. jq;fj; jz;zPH nfhz;L mjw;F nkUNfw;wpNdd; vd;W ا�����

nghUs;. ,khk; m[;`up (u`;) mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;;: “ngha; Ngrpf; Fog;gk; tpistpf;Fk; xt;nthUtUk; j[;[hy;fNs. j[;y; vd;gJ jq;f Kyhk; g+rp nkUNfw;Wjy; MFk;. ,t;tifapy; jq;fk; fye;j jz;zPUf;Fk; j[;[hy; vdg;gLfpwJ. j[;[hy; vd;gDk; - ,NjNghd;W cs;Ns xd;iw kiwj;Jf; nfhz;L Ntnwhd;iw ntspf;fhl;Lthd; vd;gjhy; j[;[hy; vd;w miof;fg;gl;lhd;” mg+ mg;gh]; $WfpwhH: “j[;[hy; vd;W nrhy;tjd; fhuzk; mtd; kf;fis Vkhw;Wthd;. ngha;ia myq;fupj;J cz;ik Nghy; fhl;Lthd; vd;gNj”

,d;iwa gpw;fhyj;J Nyhfhajf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; kpfg; ngupa MAjk;> tp\aq;fisf; Fog;GtJk; kf;fis Vkhw;WtJk;jhd;.5 NkYk; mjd; vLg;ghd milahsq;fs; ,itjhd;: vy;yh tptfhuq; fspYk; ,j;jifa Fog;g epiyia Vw;gLj;Jjy;> nghUl;fSf;F Kuz;gl;l ngaHfisr; #l;Ljy;> cz;ik epytuq;fisg; g+rpkOg;Gjy;> ftHr;rpahd -kjp kaf;fk; Vw;gLj;jf;$ba ngaHfis nghUj;j kpd;wp #l;;Ljy;> NkYk; ntspuq;fj;jpw;Fk; me;juq;fj;jpw;Fk;> njhlf;fj;jpw;Fk; KbTf;Fk; mjpf Kuz;ghL> fy;tp uPjpahd rpe;jidfSf;Fk; nray; uPjpahd mDgtq;fSf;Fk; rk epiyapd;ik Mfpaitjhd;! ,d;W rpy Nfh\q;fs; -RNyhfq;fs; kw;Wk; etPd jj;Jtq;fspd; epiyAk; ,g;gbj;jhd; cs;sJ! Mdhy; mtw;wpw;Nfh kjq;fspd; me;j];J mspf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jf; Nfh\q;fSk; jj;Jtq;fSk; kf;fspd; mwpitr; #dpakhf;fp itj;Js;sd

6 ,tw;iwg; Nghjpj;j jiytHfspd; nrhw;fSk; Ngr;R fSk; GdpjkhfTk; caHthfTk; kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. mtHfspd; kPjhd md;Gk; fz;zpaKk; ,ja Moj;jpy; ,lk; gpbj;jpUf;fpd;wd. mj;jifa rpe;jidfspd; - nfhs;iffspd; Gdpj epiyapy; Iak; nfhs;tJk; mtw;wpd; fz;zpak; Fwpj;J tpthjpg;gJk; gpw;Nghf;fpd; milahsnkdf; fUjg;gLfpwJ. ntspg;gilahd xd;iw kWg;gjhf - fz;nzjpNu fhzg;gLk; ajhHj;jj;ij - vy;NyhUf;Fk; njupe;j cz;ikia kWg;gjhf vz;zg;gLfpwJ. ngupa mwpthspfSk; fy;tpj; jpwd;kpf;f mwpQHfSk;$l ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; Fok;gpg;Ngha; cs;sdH. ,e;j etPd jj;J tq;fisAk; Nfh\q;fisAk; MNfh XNfh vdg; Gfoj;jiyg;gl;L tpl;ldH. ,tw;iw cUthf;fpatHfsplk; J}a vz;zKk; tha;ikAk; cz;lh vd;W Muha;e;jplhky; ek;gpf;if AlDk; cj;Ntfj;JlDk; ,tw;wpd; gf;fk; kf;fis miof;fpwhHfs;! ,tw;iw eilKiwg;gLj;jpdhy; - nraypy; nfhz;Lte;jhy; vt;tsTJ}uk; ntw;wp fpl;Lk; my;yJ Njhy;tp Vw;gLk; vd;W tiuaWj;Jf; fhl;Lk; JzpT mtHfSf;F ,y;iy. ,e;j etPd rpe;jidfspd; Nkyhjpf;fj;jpdhy; kdpj ,dKk; gytPdg;gl;l rKjhaq;fSk; ngw;wit vt;tsT? cz;ikahd ghf;fpaq;fisAk; kdpj cupikfis Ak; ,oe;jJ vt;tsT vd;W ghugl;rkpy;yhj - rupahd xg;gPl;lha;it ahUk; Nkw;nfhs;tjpy;iy. ,itnay;yhk; gfl;L> ngha;ayq;fhuk;> Fog;gk; tpistpj;jy; Mfpatw;wpd; jhf;fKk; #dpaKNk MFk;. ,e;j tp\aq;fspy;jhd; - Vida rpwpa j[;[hy;fs;> Vkhw;Wf;fhuHfs;> gfl;Lf;fhuHfs; mid tiuAk; tpl me;jg; ngupa j[;[hy; kpifj;J epw;ghd;.> kdpj tuyhw;wpy; vj;jifa fhyfl;lj;jpy; mtHfs; tho;e;jpUe;jhYk; rupNa! gfl;bYk; Fog;gj;jpYk; Mo;j;Jjy; vDk; ,j;jifa jPik ,e;j Nyhfhajf; fyhr;rhuk; KO tjpYk; CLUtp epw;fpwJ. Vnddpy; egpj;Jtf; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;F NeH vjpu;Nfhl;by;jhd; ,e;jf; fyhr; rhuk; nry;fpwJ. mjhtJ> kW cyfj;ij ek;GtJ> /ifg; vDk; kiwthd Qhdq;fis ek;Gjy;> ,t;Tyifg; gilj;j ,iwtidAk; mtdJ ,izapy;yh Mw;wiyAk; ek;GtJ> mtd; tFj;jspj;j \uPmj;jpw;Fk; Nghjid fSf;Fk; fz;zpak; mspg;gJ Mfpa nfhs;iffSf;F NeH vjpHNfhl;bNyNa ,e;j Nyhfhajf; fyhr;rhuk; nry;fpwJ.

5 `{ij/gh gpd; akhd; (uyp) mtHfs; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;: egp (]y;) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;:

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6 vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> Rje;jpuk;> Nrh\yprk;> [dehafk;> tho;f;ifj; ju caHT> cy;yhr tho;T> kdpj cupikfs;> ehfupfk;> moFf; fiyfs;> tho;f;ifj; jpl;lk; Nghd;w ntWk; Nfh\khfg; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nrhw;fs;!

NkYk; ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuk;> ntspg;gilahdit kPNj Gyd;fSf;F cl;gl;lit kPNj mjpfg;gbahd ek;gpf;if itf;fpwJ. kdpjDf;Ff; fpilf;ff;$ba - clypd;gk;> cldb ,yhgq;fs;> ntspg;gil ahd ntw;wpfs; Nghd;wtw;wpy;jhd; mjpf msT gw;Wjy; itj;Js;sJ. - ,j;jifa ,yf;if ikakhff; nfhz;Ljhd; ,e;j #uj;Jy; f`;/Gk; ,jpYs;s epfo;r;rpfSk; gbg;gpidfSk; Rod;W tUfpd;wd!

a+j> fpwp];jt kjq;fspd; xNu khjpupahd gq;fspg;G

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tho;f;iff;Fg; gpwF kPz;Lk; xU tho;f;if cz;nld;gijAk; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF kdpjHfs; kPz;Lk; capUld; vOg;gg;gl;L xd;Wjpul;lg;gLtHfs; vd;gijAk; epuhfupj;jhHfs;. ,e;j ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisAk; fhuzpfisAk; xt;nthU nghUl;fspd; ,ufrpaq;fisAk; jk; trg; gLj;Jtjw;fhf jq;fs; Kaw;rpfisAk;> Mw;wy;fs; - jFjpfs; midj;ijAk; nryT nra;jhHfs;. cyfhajr; rhjdq;fisf; ifahStjw;Fg; ghLgl;lhHfs;. me;j vz;zj;JlDk; Vf;fj;JlDk; Rw;wpj; jpupe;jhHfs;. mj;jifa cyfhaj - ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfis msT fle;J fz;zpag;gLj;jp dhHfs;. mtw;iwg; Gdpjkhff; fUjpdhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; mtw;iwNa ,ul;rfdhfTk; flTshfTk; mkHj;jp tpl;lhHfs;. ,j;jifatHfs;> ,aw;if rf;jpf;Fk; nghUSf;Fk; mg;ghy; vJTNk ,y;iynad kWf;fj; jiyg; gl;lhHfs; vd;gJ kl;Lky;y> ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfs; rpytw;iwf; iftrg;gLj;jp mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J jq;fs; Fwpf;Nfhis mile;J tpl;lhy; my;yJ me;j rf;jpfisj; jq;fsJ ehl;lj;jpw;Fk; Njitf; Fk; gzpa itj;J tpl;lhy; - mg;NghJ jq;fisNa$l flTshff; fUjpf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. jq;fsplk; gilg;ghw;wy; (,iwahz;ik),Ug;gjhfr; nrhy; %yk; mwptpf;fpwhHfs;. my;yJ mtHfspd; eilKiw ghtidNa mjidg; Gyg;gLj;JfpwJ! ,j;jifatHfs;jhk; cyfpy; gpw kdpjHfis mbikg; gLj;jpdhHfs;! kf;fspd; capH> cilik> khdk;> kupahij Mfpatw;NwhL tpisahbdhHfs;! jq;fs;; Fwpf;NfhisAk; kd ,r;irfisAk; epiw Ntw;Wtjw;fhf my;yJ jq;fs; mgpyhirfis miltjw;fhf my;yJ jk; ,dj;jhupd; GfOf;fhf - jk; ehl;bd; caHTf;fhf my;yJ jq;fs; fl;rpapdUf;F caH gjtpfs; fpilg;gjw;fhf mePjpf;Fs; shd me;j kf;fisjhk; ehbathnwy;yhk; ge;jhbdhHfs;! ,t;Tyfpy; ,d;ndhU nfhs;if cs;sJ. mJ Ke;ija nfhs;iff;F NeHKuzhdJ. mbg;gil apYk; Nehf;fpYk; Nghf;fpYk; mjw;F NtWgl;lJ. mJ ,Jjhd;: ,e;j ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfs;> fhuzp fSf;F mg;ghy; -xt;nthU nghUspYk; mikj;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; rpwg;gpay;GfSf;F mg;ghy; NtnwhU kiwthd (,iw) rf;jp cs;sJ.> mJNt> ,e;j ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfspd; - fhuzpfspd; fbthsj;ij jdJ gpbapy; itj;jpUf;fpwJ. NkYk; me;jf; fhupaq;fSf;F ,e;jf; fhuzpfNs %y fhuzkhf ,Ug;gJNghd;W midj;ijAk; mlf;fpahSk; ,iwahw;wy; ,e;jf; fhuzpfSf;F %y fhuzkhf cs;sJ. ,e;jf; fhuzpfs; ,iw ehl;lj;jpw;Fk; fl;lisf;Fk; fl;Lg;gl;Nl ,aq;Ffpd;wd.Vnddpy; ,iwtd;jhd; me;jf; fhuzpfisg; gilj;jhd;. mtNd mtw;iw ,af;fTk; nra;fpwhd;! jhd; ehLfpwnghOJ me;jf; fhupaq;fis tpl;Lk; me;jf; fhuzpfisg; gpupf;fTk; nra;fpwhd;. mjhtJ fhuzpfs; ,Ue;jhYk; fhupaq;fs; epfohky; jLf;fpwhd;! Mf> ,iwehl;lk;jhd; fhuzpfSf;nfy;yhk; %y fhuzp. mbg;gilfSf;nfy;yhk; %y mbg;gil! ‘mjw;F ,J fhu zk;.> ,jw;F ,d;ndhd;W fhuzk;’ vd;fpw rq;fpypj; njhlH ,iwehl;lj;jpd;ghy;; nrd;Wjhd; Kw;Wg;ngWfpwJ! ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;ijAk; ,jpYs;s xt;nthU fhuzpiaAk; gilj;j vy;yhk; ty;y ,iwtdpd; ifapypUe;J ,t;Tyfpd; fbthsk; xUfzq;$l eOtplhJ. ,e;j ,aw;iff; fhuzpfs; midj;Jk; ,iwtDf;F mbikg;gl;bUg;gjpypUe;J -mtDf;F mlq;fp apUg;gjpy; ,Ue;J tpyfplNth xU tpehb$l Rje;jpukhf ,aq;fplNth KbahJ! mtdJ fl;lisia kPwp Kuz;L gpbf;fNth mtDf;F vjpuhfr; nray;glNth mtw;why; ,ayhJ! thdj;jpYk; rup g+kpapYk; rup> ve;j xd;Wk; mtid ,ayhjtdhf;fpl KbahJ. vy;yhg; nghUs;fisAk; mtw;wpd; rpwg;gpay;GfSld; mtNd ,izj;Jitj;jhd;. fhupaq;fisf; fhuzpfSld; gpizj;J itj;jhd;. Kd; epfo;Tfisg; gpd;tpisTfSld; NrHj;J itj;jhd;! mjpy; mtDila KOikahd jj;JtKk; vy;yh mjpfuhKk; nfhz;l mtdJ ehl;lKk; cs;sJ. ,t;thnwy;yhk; ,izg;gtDk; mtNd! gpupg;gtDk; mtNd! Mf;FgtDk; mopg;gtDk; mtNd! vy;yhg; nghUs;fisAk; ,y;yhikapy; ,Ue;J cUthf;fp ntspf;nfhzHgtDk; mtNd! VNjDk; xU nghUis mtd; gilf;f ehbdhy; ‘MFf’ vd;Wjhd; mjw;F MizapLfpwhd;.> mJ MfptpLfpwJ!

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,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisg; Nghy;> Vd; mtw;iw tplTk; fLk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jf; $baitahf cs;sd. me;jf; fhuzpfspdhy; Vw;gLk; gpd;tpisTfs; - ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfspdhy; tpisAk; cyfhaj tpisT fis tplTk; mjpfg; Gul;rpfukhditahfTk; kfj;jhditahfTk; cs;sd! me;jf; fhuzpfs; ,itjhk;;: ,iwek;gpf;if> ew;nray;fs;> cd;djkhd Fzeyd;fs;> ,iw tDf;F mbgzpjy;> mtid topgLjy;> ePjp> NeHik> fUiz> md;G Nghd;w caHgz;Gfs;! ,NjNghy ,tw;wpw;F NeHKuzhd tpisTfis Vw;gLj;jf;$ba NtW rpy fhuzpfSk; cs;sd. mitjhk;: ,iw epuhfupg;G> ,iwnewpf;F vjpuhff; fpsHr;rp nra;jy;> cyfpy; muh[fk; tpistpj;jy;> mePjp ,ioj;jy;> kd,r;irfSf;F mbikg;gLjy;> ghtk; Gupjy;; Nghd;w jPa gz;Gfs;!

xUtH ,aw;iff; fhuzpfisg; Gwf;fzpf;fhky;- ey;tpisTfisj; jUk; cj;jkkhd Fzeyd; fisf; filg;gpbj;jhy; mtUf;F ,t;Tyfk; Kw;whf ,izq;fptpLk;. ,t;Tyf tho;f;if mtUf;F kfpo;r;rpfukhf mikAk;. mtUila nray;fspy; my;yh`; ,yFit Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLg;ghd;. rpy Neuq;fspy; - Njitahd #o;epiyfspy; ,aw;iff; fhuzpfisAk; mtUf;Ff; fPolq;fpr; nry;YkhW my;yh`; mikj;Jf; nfhLj;J toikf;F khwhd rpy tpNdhjq;fisAk; mtuplk; ,Ue;J ntspg;glr; nra;thd;. xUtH ,jw;F khwhd jPa Fzq;fisAk; nray;fisAk; jdJ tho;f;ifapy; Nkw;nfhz;lhy; - mjHkj;ijAk; ,op elj;ijiaAk; filg;gpbj;jhy; - ,aw;iff; fhuzpfs; kPJ kl;Lk; KO ek;gpf;if itj;J mjd; mbg;gilapy; jdJ KO tho;itAk; mikj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; ,t;Tyfk; mtDf;F vjpuhfr; nray;glj; njhlq;fptpLk;.> ve;jr; rf;jpfisj; jdf;Ff; fPo;g;gbAkhW trg;gLj;jp itj;jhNdh me;j rf;jpfNs - xt;nthU tpehbAk; mtw;wpd;ghy; mtd; mjpfj; Njit cilatdhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy; - me;j rf;jpfNs mtid Vkhw;wj; njhlq;fp tpLk;.> ,aw;ifNa mtDf;F vjpuhff; fpsHe;njOe;J mtDf;Fj; Jd;gkhf khwptpLk;!

xU nfhs;ifg; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; rupijNa Fif mj;jpahak;!

,U rpe;jidfs;> ,U nfhs;iffs;> ,U fUj;JfSf;F kj;jpapyhd xU Nghuhl;lj;jpd; rupijNa ,e;jf; Fifmj;jp ahak;! xd;W: ,aw;if rf;jpapd; kPJk; mjidg; gpd;njhlUk; gad;fspd; kPJk; kl;Lk; ek;gpf;if itj;jy; vDk; nfhs;if. kw;nwhd;W: my;yh`;itAk; /ifg; vDk; kiwthd cz;ik fisAk; ek;Gjy; vDk; nfhs;if! ,t;tpU nfhs;iffspdhy; tpisAk; Nfhl;ghLfs;> nray;fs;> FzghLfs;> jhf;fq;fs;> jpUg;gq; fs; Mfpait ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpy; tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wd. NkYk; cyfhaj rf;jpapd; kPJk; mjd; gad;fs; kPJk; kl;Lk; ek;gpf;if itf;fr; nrhy;fpw Ke;ija nfhs;ifiaf; filg;gpbg;gjdhy; - my;yh`;itAk; /ifg; vDk; kiwthd cz;ikfisAk; kWf;fpw nfhs;ifiaf; filg;gpbg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; NfLfs; gw;wp vr;rupf;ifAk; tpLf;fpwJ ,e;j mj;jpahak;!

Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupij! ,g;nghOJ me;j ehd;F rupijfSf;F thUq;fs;. midj;jpw;Fk; Kjypy; ek; Kd;Nd tUgJ Fifj;NjhoHfspd; rupijjhd;. Fifj;NjhoHfs; ahH? ,tHfspd; rupij vd;d? kdpj tuyhw;wpy; ,e;jr; rupijapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vd;d? vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk; ehLfspYk; vd;nwd;Wk; Xjp czuj; jf;f tifapy; ePbj;j epiyahd rupijahf jpUf;FHMdpYk; ,jw;nfhU Kf;fpa ,lk; mspf;fg; gl;bUg;gJ Vd;? vd;gd gw;wp ehk; Muhe;jpl Ntz;Lk;!

fpwp];jt ,yf;fpaj;jpYk; rkaf; fijfspYk; ,lk; ngw;w rupij!

FHMdpd; mw;Gjkhd nkhopeilapy; - Fwpf;Nfhs; kpf;f fk;gPukhd mjd; tpsf;Fk; ghzpapy; - Njitaw;w rHr;irfNsh Njitf;fjpfkhd tp\aq;fNsh ,y;yhj mjd; ,yf;fpa eaj;jpy; Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupijia ehk; fhz;gjw;F Kd;dhy; - Kw;fhy rka Ntjq;fspYk; Kd;NdhHfsplkpUe;J jiyKiw jiyKiwahfg; Ngrg;gl;L te;j nrtptopf; fijfspYk; mJ gw;wp vd;d $wg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;gij ghHg;Nghk;. gpwF me;jf; fijf;Fk;>

FHMdpy; tpsf;fg;gl;Ls;s rupijf;Fk; vq;nfq;F ,zf;fKk; gpzf;Fk; cs;sd vd;gij Ma;T nra;Nthk;. Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupij gioa Vw;ghl;bd; (OLD TESTA MENT) VLfspy; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. Vnddpy;> mJ fpwp];jt tuyhw;wpd; njhlf;fj;jpy; ele;j epfo;r;rp. mjhtJ ,e;j epfo;r;rp> <]h egpapd; rPlHfspd; %yk; vfj;Jtf; nfhs;ifia Vw;FkhWk; rpiytopghl;ilf; iftpLkhWk; Nkw; nfhs;sg;gl;l gpur;rhug;gzp jPtpuk; mile;j gpwF epfo;e;jjhFk;. mg;nghOJ gioa Vw;ghl;bd; filrp VLfSk; njhFj;J Kbf;fg;gl;L tpl;ldNt! ,e;jr;rupijapy; <]h egpapd; rPlHfSila tPuKk; NeHtopapy; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; jPuKk; kpf vLg;ghf ,lk; ngw;wpUf;Fk; fhuzj;jhy; ,e;jr; rupijiag; ghJfhf;fNth kf;fspilNa gutr; nra;aNth ,aw;ifahfNt a+jHfs; Mty; nfhs;stpy;iy. Mdhy; fpwp];jtHfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; ,e;jr; rupij mtHfSf;F kpfTk; gpupakhd rkaf; fijfSs; xd;whfj; jpfo;fpwJ. Vnddpy; ,J kpfTk; tpNdhjkhd fijfSs; xd;W vd;gJ kl;L ky;y <]h egpapd; Muk;g fhyj;Jr; rPlHfspd; tPuj;ijAk; <khdpa cWjpiaAk; Vfj;Jtf; nfhs;if iag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mtHfs; nra;j jpahfj;ijAk; NkYk; fpwp];jt kjj;jpd; Muk;gfhyg; gupRj;j khd Nghjidfspy; mtHfs; nfhz;bUe;j cWjpg;ghl;ilAk; kpfj; njspthfg; glk; gpbj;Jf;fhl;Lk; tuyhw;Wr; rhd;whfTk; ,J jpfo;fpwJ! ,d;Wk;$l Fifj;NjhoHfspd; rupij-vy;yhf; fhyj;jpYk; vy;yh ehLfspYk; thOk; ,iwek;gpf;if ahsHfspd; cs;sq;fspy; ,iwek;gpf;ifiaf; nfhOe;Jtpl;nlupar; nra;tjw;Fk;> ,iwkhHf;fj;jpd; kPjhd Nuh\j;ij ce;jpnaor; nra;tjw;Fk; mrj;jpaj;ij vjpHf;Fk; Mw;wiyAk; NghHf;Fzj;ijAk; fpsHe;njor; nra;tjw;;Fk; jFjpahd rupijahfj; jpfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ! ,e;jr; rupijf;Fj; jdpj;jd;ik mspf;Fk; ,j;jifa rpwg;Gf; $Wfs;jhk; - ,e;jr; rupij gy fhyq;fisf; fle;J epiyj;jpUg;gjw;Ff; fhuzkhf> cyfpd; gy ghfq;fspYk; guTtjw;Fk; kf;fs; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf ,ij vLj;Jr; nrhy;yp tUtjw;Fk; fhuzkhf mike;jd! ,g;nghOJ ehk;> Muk;g fhyf; fpwp];jtHfs; ,e;jr; rupijapid vg;gbg; Gupe;jpUe;jdH? gpd;dH Njhd;wpa jiyKiwapdUf;F ,ijg; gw;wp vj;jifa jfty;fis mspj;J te;jdH vd;gijg; ghHg;Nghk;!

NeH topapy; epiyj;J epd;w ,isQHfs;! gz;ghLfs; kw;Wk; rkaq;fs; gw;wpa fiyf; fsQ;rpaj;jpy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;s fUj;Jr; rhuk;tUkhW: 7 Japy; nfhz;l (Seven Sleepers ) VO ,isQHfspd; ,e;jr; rupij> gupRj;jthd;fs; gw;wpa rupij fspNyNa mwpTf;F ey;y tpUe;jhfTk; cynfq;Fk; Gfo;ngw;wjhfTk; cs;sJ. Guhjd VLfs; midj;jpYk; ,Jgw;wp ,lk; ngw;Ws;s tptuk; tUkhW:

jpf;ahD}]; (decius) vd;w kd;dd; fpNuf;fj;jpd; ,/gP]]; (Ephesus) vd;w 8gok;ngUk; efUf;Fr; nrd;W mq;Nf rpiy topghl;L Kiwiag; GJg;gpj;jhd;;.

7 gpugy Mq;fpy tuyhw;whrpupaH vl;tHl; fpg;gd; (Edward gibbon) vd;ghH Decline and fall of The Romen Empire - Nuhkhdpag; Nguurpd; eypTk; tPo;r;rpAk; vd;w jkJ E}ypy; ,e;jr; rupijia jdf;Nf cupa ghzpapy; vLj;jiuj;Js;shH. ,yf;fpak;> tuyhW> tpkHrdk;> tpsf;fk; Mfpa midj;J mk;rq;fSk; mjpYs;sd. NkYk; fpwp];jt kjf; fho;g;GzHr;rpAk; Njit apd;wp ,];yhj;ijr; rhbapUg;gJk; mjpy; vLg;ghfj; njupfpwJ! ghHf;f: ghfk; 2 gf;fk; 241 - 243 - Modern Library Giant

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8 ,e;jf; Fifmj;jpahaj;jpw;F tpupTiu jUk;nghOJ - igshtp> ie]hg+up> MY}rp> ,g;D fjPH Nghd;w ngUk;ghyhd tpupTiuahsHfs; ,e;epfo;r;rp eilngw;w CH ,/gP]]; vd;Nw fUJfpwhHfs;. fpwp];jt kj tuyhw; whrpupaHfs;> g+Nfhs ty;YeHfs; ngUk;ghNyhH$l ,t;thNw fUj;J njuptpj;Js;sdH. NguhrpupaH fpg;gDk; - NuhkhGupapd; eypTk; tPo;r;rpAk; vd;fpw E}ypy; ,ijNa rupahd fUj;J vdf;$wpAs;shH. ,e;E}ypy; Japy; nfhz;l vOtupd; rupij vDk; gFjpapy; ,jidf; $wpAs;shH. ,e;j Cupd; g+Nfhs mikg;G Fwpj;J G];jhdpapd; fiyf; fsQ;rpaj;jpy; te;Js;s tptuk; tUkhW: Mrpah fz;lj;jpYs;s mdhNlhyp ( Anatolie) jPg fw;gj;jpd; gd;dpuz;L rpw;W}Hfspy; ,e;j CUk; xd;W. ,J ,];kPH (Smyrne) vDk; ,lj;jpy; ,Ue;J 60 fp.kP. njiytpy; cs;sJ. NuhkhdpaH Nkw;fhrpa khfhzj;jpd; jiyefuhf ,jid

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mikj;jpUe;jdH. NkYk; kpfg;ngupa mstpy; nry;thf;Fld; ele;Jte;j tpahghu ikakhfTk; re;ijahfTk; ,e;efuk; jpfo;e;jJ. MapDk; ,q;Nf mike;jpUe;j lahdh vd;w fpNuf;fj; nja;tj;jpd; gpukhz;lkhd tzf;fj; jyNk ,e;efuj;jpd; khngUk; ngUikahf tpsq;fpaJ. ,e;j tzf;fj; jyk; cyfpd; VO mw;Gjq;fSs; xd;whf; fzpf;fg;gLfpwJ! NkYk; fpNuf;f tzf;fj; jyq;fspNyNa ,JNt kpfg;ngupaJ. A Manual Of Bibel History vDk; E}ypy; mwpQH gpshf;fp $WfpwhH: ,/gP]]; efuk; Kw;fhy tuyhw;wpy; - jj;Jtk;> Fbkf;fspd; fl;Lg;ghlw;w Nghf;F> xOf;ff;NfL Mfpatw;wpy; gpugykhf tpsq;fpaJ. jPnahOf;fj;jpw;F XH ctikahfNt ,e;j CH jpfo;e;jJ. ,e;efupd; rpiy topghl;by;> Nkw;fj; jpa KiwAk; fpof;fj;jpa KiwAk; fye;jpUe;jd!

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9 gz;ghL kw;Wk; rkaq;fs; gw;wpa fiyf; fsQ;rpak;. jiyg;G: Japy; nfhz;l VO NgH. ---- ,g;D [uPH jgup mtHfSk; Vida jpUf; FHMd; tpupTiuahsHfSk; ,];yhkpa mwpQHfSk; - ,g;D ,];`hf; cila mwptpg;Gld; - ,e;jr; rupijiaj; jkJ E}y;fspy; tpyhthupahf ,lk; ngwr; nra;Js;shHfs;. mtw;wpy; gy;NtW a+fq;fSk; fw;gidfSk; fye;J tpl;bUf;fpd;wd. mjw;Ff; fhuzk; - mtHfSila fhyj;jpy; fpwp];jt kj %yhjhu E}yfs; gutyhff; fpilf;ftpy;iy vd;gJk; fpwp];jt kjk; muR mq;fPfhuk; cilajhf MFtjw;F Kd;dH NuhkhGupapd; tuyhw;iw mtHfs; KOikahf

tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,e;jr; rupijf;F ve;jmsT tuyhw;W Kf;fpaj;Jtk; cs;snjdpy;> ngUk; ngUk; tuyhw;whrpupaH fs; kl;Lky;y> kf;fsplk; gutpAs;s fijfs;> rk;gtq;fis tpkHrdk; nra;g tHfs;$l ,e;epfo;r;rp apd; cz;ik gw;wp Iak;nfhs;stpy;iy. ,J epfo;e;jpUf;f KbAk; vd;Nw fUJfpd;wdH. Vnddpy; ,e;epfo;r;rp fpwp];jt cyfk; KOtJk; Gfo; ngw;wpUe;jJ. gz;ila VLfs; midj;jpYk; ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jJ. kf;fSk; jiyKiw jiyKiwahf ,jid epidT $He;J te;Js;sdH! ,JNghd;w GJikahd epfo;r;rpfs; - fijfisnay;yhk; Nkhrbahdit vd;W tpkHrdk; nra;Ak; NghurpupaH fpg;gd; ,t;thW $WfpwhH: ,e;jg; GJikahd rupijia ntWk; fpNuf;fj;Jf; fl;Lf;fij vd;Wk; fpNuf;fHfshy; cz;ik Nghy; nkU$l;bg; Gide;J $wg;gl;l rkaf;fij vd;Wk; nrhy;yptpl KbahJ. Vnddpy; XH mw;Gj khf vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLfpw ,e;epfo;r;rp ele;j gpwF Ik;gJ Mz;Lfs; tiu mJ gw;wp ek;gj;jFe;j gy mwptpg;Gfs; fpilj;Js;sd. ,uz;lhk; jpa+jPn]]; kd;ddpd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpw;Fr; rupahf ,uz;L

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(Gregory Of Tours) vd;w fpNuf;f mwpQdpd; Kaw;rpahy; fpNuf;f nkhopapy; ,Ue;J yj;jPd; nkhopf;Fg; ngaHf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. fPio ehl;L fpwp];jt cyfpy; eilngw;W te;j ,uh Ngh[dk; (Eauvharist) njhlHghd jpUf;$l;lq; fspy; Fifj; NjhoHfspd; GfOk; jpahfKk; fz;zpaj;NjhL epidT $ug;gl;L te;Js;sJ. mJ kl;Lky;y ,e;j ,isQHfspd; ngaHfs; Nuhkhdpag; gz;biffspYk; u\pa ehl;Lg; gQ;Qhq;fj;jpYk; KOikahf ,lk; ngw;wpUe;jd. ,j;jifa Mjhuq;fspy; ,Ue;J - Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupij fpwp];jt cyfj;jpy; kl;Lk; Gfo;ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy vdj; njupfpwJ!” 10

Mz;L vz;zpf;ifapy; fUj;J NtWghL

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NguhrpupaH fpg;gdpd; Nuhkhdpag; Nguurpd; eypTk; tPo;r;rpAk; vDk; E}ypy; ghfk; 2 gf;fk; 241 - 243 Japy; nfhz;l VO NgH vDk; gFjpiag; ghHf;fTk;. (Modern Library Giant Series U.S.A )

$l;bf; fzf; fplyhdhHfs; - vd;W my;yh`; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;” (ghHf;f: j/g;]PH ,g;D fjPH> #uj;Jy; f`;/gpd; tpsf;fTiu) fiyf;fsQ;rpaj;jpy; ,lk;ngw;wjhf ehk; vLj;njOjpajd; gbAk; fpg;gdpd; E}ypYk; fhyhfhykhf kf;fspilNa Ngrg;gl;Lg; gpugykhfp cs;sjd;gbAk; tuyhw;W VLfspYk; jpUf;FHMd; tpupTiu fspYk; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sjd;gbAk; - mjhtJ> Fifj;NjhoHfs; jiykiwthdJk; Fifapy; jQ;rk; GFe;jJk; jp]P]; vd;w Nuhkhdpa kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; eilngw;wJ. me;j kd;didj;jhd; - mNugpa tuyhw;whrpupaHfSk; ,];yhkpa mwpQHfSk; Vida nghJkf;fSk; jpf;ahjpf;ahjpf;ahjpf;ahD}]; D}]; D}]; D}]; vd;W ngaupl;L miof;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j kd;dd; (md;iwa fhyj;jpy; J}a Vfj;Jtkhf ,Ue;j) fpwp];jtkjf; nfhs;ifia mopg;gjw;F Nkw;nfhz;l - tuyhw;Wg; gpugykhd mf;fpukq;fs;> mlf;FKiwfspd; tpisthfNt me;j ,isQH fs; Xb xspe; jhHfs;. gpwF mtHfs; fz;L gpbf;fg;gl;lJk; mtHfspd; epiyik ntsp cyfpw;Fj; njupate;jJk; - Vfj;Jtf; nfhs;ifapy; ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltuhd ,uz;lhk; jpa+jP]p]; vd;w fpwp];jt kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; eilngw;wJ - vd;fpw jfty;fspd;gb ,t;thW XH Iak; vOg;gg;gLfpwJ: mjhtJ> ,e;j ,U kd;dHfSf;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l fhyk; ngUk;ghYk; ,uz;L E}w;whz;LfSf;F Nky; NghfhNj! (mg;gb ,Uf;f me;j ,isQHfs; Kd;D}W Mz;Lfs; epj;jpiuapy; Mo;e;jpUe;jhHfs; vd;W vg;gb nrhy;yg;gl;lJ?) ,jid mbg;gilahf itj;Jjhd; -Fifapy; me;jj; NjhoHfs; jq;fpapUe;j fhyj;ij epHzapj;J FHMdpy; te; Js;s vz;zpf;if gw;wp vl;tHl;L fpg;gd; gupfhrk; nra;fpwhH! Kw;fhy> jw;fhy tpupTiuahsHfspy; rpyH11

,e;j Iaj;jpy; ,Ue;J jg;Gtjw;fhf ,t;thW tpsf;fk; ju Ntz;ba fl;lh aj;jpw;F MshapdH: FHMdpy; te;Js;s - mtHfs; jq;fsJ Fifapy; Kd;D}W Mz;Lfs; jq;fpdhHfs;. rpyH xd;gJ Mz;Lfis mjpfkhf;fpdhHfs; vDk; thf;fpak; my;yh`;tpd; jPHg;G my;y.> FHMd; epHzapj;jJk; my;y. Ntjk; toq;fg;gl;ltHfspd; fUj;jhNt mJ nrhy;yg; gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt ,J mtHfSila thjq;fs;> fzpg;Gfspy; NrHe;jjhFk;. mJkl;Lky;y ,e;j thf;fpak; ,jw;F Kd;Ds;s trdj;Jld; ,ize;jjhFk;. mjpYk; ,Nj Nghd;Nw - Fifj;NjhoHfs; vj;jid NgH vd;gjpy; Ke;ija Ntjf;fhuHfsplk; ,Ue;j fUj;J NtWghLfisj;jhd; my;yh`; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shd;. me;j trdk; ,Jjhd;: “”me;j ,isQHfs; %tH.>mtHfspy; ehd;fhtJ mtHfspd; eha; vd;W mtHfs; $WtH. (NtW rpyH) mtHfs; ItH.>mtHfspy; MwhtJ mtHfspd; eha; vd;W - kiwthd tp\aj;ij (jtwhff; fzpj;J) $WtH. (,d;Dk; rpyNuh) VONgH.> mtHfspy; vl;lhtJ mtHfspd; eha; vd;Wk; $WtH” fj;jhjh (uyp)kpj;u/g; gpd; mg;Jy;yh`;(uyp)MfpNahupd; fUj;Jk; ,JNt vd;Wk; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,e;jf; fUj;Jf;F ,irthf fpuhmj;J\; \hj;jh (jdpg;gl;l fpuhmj; - Xjy; xd;Wk;) mwptpf;fg; gl;Ls;sJ: mJ Ntjf; fhuHfs; $wpdhHfs; vd;Nw njhlq;FfpwJ:

����? �9*� �������� �%� �{�� ��� ;�2�K � ��uA�� “” Ntjf; fhuHfs; $wpdhHfs;: mtHfs; jq;fsJ Fifapy; Kd;D}W Mz;Lfs; jq;fpdhHfs;. (rpyH) xd;gJ Mz;Lfis mjpfkhf;fpdhHfs;” ,t;thW $WNthH jq;fsJ fUj;J Mjhukhf mLj;J tUk; trdj;ijr; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwhHfs;. mJ ,Jjhd;:

Z��X���Y� W��Y��8c*�� [�X.]� [!]� �X�uZA]� �Y8Z [;]'X(J � Z0? “”(egpNa>) ePH$WtPuhf: mtHfs; jq;fpapUe;j fhyj;ij my;yh`;jhd; ed;F mwpe;jtd;. thdq;fs;> g+kpapd; ,ufrp aq;fs; ahTk; mtDf;Nf njupAk;” (18: 26)

11

mj;j/g;]PUy; fh]pkpa;A -tpy; my;yhkh [khYj;jPd; fh]pkp> j/g;`PKy; FHMdpy; nksyhdh mGy; m/yh nksJ}jp MfpNahH Nghd;W.

me;j ,isQHfs; 300 - 309 Mz;Lfs; jq;fpdhHfs; vd;gJ my;yh`;tpd; jPHg;ghf ,Ue;jhy; gpwF gpur;idiaj; jd;gf;fk; tpl;L tpLkhW egpf;F fl;lisapl;bUf;fkhl;lhd;. -,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfSk; ,t;thNw tpsf;fk; mspj;jpUg;gjhff; $wg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,e;j thjj;jpw;F gjpy; my;yhkh MY}]p mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp)mtHfspd; fUj;Jk; ,JNt vd;W nrhy;yg;gl;bUg;gJ rupay;y. Vnddpy; Fifapy; jq;fpa Mz;Lfs; vj;jid vd;gJ Nghd;wJjhd; me;jj; NjhoHfs; vj;jid NgH vd;fpw gpur;idAk;! ,jpYk; 3 \ 5 \ 7 vdg; gy fUj;Jfs; cs;sd. ‘my;yh`; ,e;jf; fUj;Jfisf; Fwpg;gpl;Ltpl;L filrpapy; -mtHfsJ vz;zpf;ifia vd; ,iwtNd ed;F mwpe;jtd; vd;W (egpNa) ePH $WtPuhf’ vdf; fl;lisapl;L ,e;jg; gpur;idiaAk; jd;dplk; tpl;L tpLkhWjhd; $wpAs;shd;. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; me;j ,isQHfs; VONgH vd;W tpsf;fk; je;jpUg;g jhfj; njspthd XH mwptpg;G te;Js;sJ. ,t;tpU ,lq;fspYk; gpur;idiaj; jd;dplk; tpl;L tpLkhWjhd; my;yh`; fl;lisapl;Ls;shd;. me;jf; fl;lis mtHfs; VONgH vd;w fUj;ij kWg;gjhf ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfs; fUjhj nghOJ 300 \ 309 vd;gij kl;Lk; mJ kWg;gjhf mtHfs; fUJfpwhHfs; vd;gJ vg;gb cz;ikahf KbAk;? mg;gbj; jdpj;jdpahfg; nghUs; nfhLg; gjw;F ,t;tpU trdq;fSf;Fk; vt;tpj NtWghLk; ,y;iyNa! %j;j khHf;f mwpQHfs; rpyUk; ,e;jf;fUj;ij kWj;Js;shHfs;.> mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: “”mugp nkhopapd; rPuhd ,ag;GzHNt ,e;jf; fUj;ij Vw;gjpy;iy. FHMid XJk; vtUk; ,t;tFg;ghupd; GJ tpsf;fj;ij Cd;wpg; gbj;jhNy jtpu Rakhf ,JNghy; Gupakhl;lhH” ,khk; uh[p $WfpwhHfs;: “mtHfs; %tH.> mtHfspy; ehyhtJ mtHfsJ eha; vd;W mtHfs; $WtH vd;gJ 22 tJ trdj;jpd; njhlf;fkhFk;. Mdhy; 300 \ 309 Mz;Lfs; mtHfs; Fifapy; jq;fpapUe;jhff; $WtJ 25Mk; trdk;! ,t;tpU trdq;fSf;F kj;jpapy;““mtHfisg;gw;wp (kf;fsplk;) mjpfk; jHf;fk;GupahjPH.> NkNyhl;lkhd KiwapNy jtpu” vDk; 22 Mk; trdj;jpd; ,Wjpj; njhlH gpupj;J tpLfpwJ! vdNt Ntjf;fhuHfspd; fUj;J NtWghLfs; gw;wpa tptuk; 22 tJ trdj;Jld; Kbe;J tpLtjhy; - 24 Mk; trdj;jpy; - mtHfs; 300 - 309 Mz;Lfs; Fifapy; jq;fpajhff; $WtJ jpUf;FHMdpd; jPHg;Ng MFk;. mjw;F Kd;djhf - (egpNa>) ePH $WtPuhf: mtHfs; jq;fpapUe;j fhyj;ij my;yh`;jhd; ed;F mwpe;jtd;. thdq;fs;> g+kpapd; ufrpaq;fs; ahTk; mtDf;Nf njupAk;” vDk; trdk; ,lk; ngw;wpUg;gjhy; mJ Ntjf;fhuHfspd; fUj;jhf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ mtrpak; ,y;iy” ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah $WfpwhHfs;: “mtHfs; vt;tsT fhyk; jq;fpdhHfs; vd;gij my;yh`; jhd; ed;F mwpe;jtd; vDk; trdj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; 300 \ 309 Mz;Lfs; jq;fpajhfr; nrhy;yg; gl;lJ Ntjf;fhuHfspd; fUj;jhFk; vd;gjhf tpupTiuahsHfspy; rpyH jtwhf tpsf;fk; jUfpwhHfs;. Mdhy; mJ mg;gbay;y.> my;yh`; mjid Ntjf;fhuHfspd; fUj;jhff; $wtpy;iy.> jdJ jPHg;ghfNt $wpAs;shd;” (E}y;: my; [thG]; ]`P`; ypkd; gj;jy jPdy; k]P`;)

vJ rupahd fUj;J? FHMd; $Wfpd;w vz;zpf;iff;Fk; Nuhkhdpa tuyhw;wpd; tpsf;fj;jpd;gb mikfpd;w -fpg;gd; epHzapf;fpw vz;zpf;iff;Fk; kj;jpapy; fw;gpf;fg;gLk; NkhjYk; IaKk; vq;fpUe;J te;jJ vd;gijg; ghHf;f Ntz;Lk;. rpy ,isQHfs; jiykiwthfp FifapDs; jQ;rk; GFe;j epfo;r;rp jp]P]; kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; eilngw;wjhFk; vd;W gpygykhfp tpl;l fUj;Jjhd; ,jw;F fhuzk;. ,tdJ Ml;rp fhyk; fp.gp. 249 Mk; Mz;L nrg;lk;gH khjj;jpypUe;J fp.gp. 251 Mk; Mz;L [_d; khjk; tiujhd;. ,e;j fijapd; ehafdhf ,e;j kd;didj; njhlHGgLj;jpaJ ,tidg; gw;wpg; gpugykhfp ,Ue;j ,e;jr; nra;jpfshfj;jhd; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;: mjhtJ> Kul;Lf;Fzk;> kdpj capHfis mepaha khff; nfhiynra;jJ> fpwp];jtHfspd; kPJ fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;l nfhLikfs;> rpiyfSf;F g+i[g; nghUl;fisAk; gypg;gpuhzpfisAk; rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l muR mjpfhupfs; Kd;dpiy

apy; mtw;iwr; nra;Jfhl;b mtHfsplk; rhd;wpjo; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; tw;GWj;jpaJ Nghd;wit jhk;. 12 Mdhy; ,e;j kd;dd;jhd; ,e;j epfo;r;rpf;Fg; nghWg;ghsd; vd;Wk; ,tNd ,jd; fjhehafd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLtjpy; ngUk; Iag;ghl;il Vw;gLj;JtJ vJtdpy;> ,tdJ Ml;rpf; fhyk; kpfkpff; FiwT. ,uz;L Mz;Lfs;$l ,Uf;fhJ. mJ kl;Lky;y ,t;tsT FWfpa Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy;$l Goths - $j;jhH vd;w ,dj;jpdUld; NghH nra;tjpy;jhd; ,td; <Lgl;bUe;jhd;. ,Wjpapy; gpuhd;]; ehl;bd; Rhine iud; vd;w ejpf;fiuapy; me;j ,dj;jhupd; iffshNyNa nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L ,we;jhd;. NkYk; gue;Jtpupe;j NuhkhGup rhk;uh[paj;jpd; Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;bUe;j fPo;j;jpir fpNuf;f efuq;fspy; neba Rw;Wg; gazk; xd;iw jp]P]; kd;dd; Nkw;nfhz;ljw;fhd rhj;;jpaf; $Wfs; kpfTk; FiwNt. fpNuf;f efuq;fSf;Fk; ehl;bd; fPiog; gFjpfSf;Fk; mtd; gazk; Nkw;nfhz;ljhf tuyhw; wpYk; vq;Fk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. cyf tuyhw;wpy; ,lk; ngw;wtHfs; gw;wpa tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;gpy; te;Js;sJ: jp]P]; kd;ddpd; Ml;rpf; fhyk; kpfTk; FWfpaJ. mj;Jld; kpfTk; mikjpahfNt fope;jJ. mtd; Ml;rpf;F te;jJNk [hy; vd;w efuj;jpd; gf;fk;jhd; ftdk; nrYj;jpdhd;.>mq;F vOe;j Gul;rp xd;iw mlf;Ftjpy;jhd; <Lgl;bUe;jhd;! NkYk; mtdJ Ml;rpapd; ngUk; gFjp $j;jhH vd;w ,dj;jhUld; eilngw;w NghH fspNyNa fope;jJ! 13

NkYk; ,e;j kd;dd;> jdJ rl;lj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;glhj fhuzj;jhy; ve;j fpwp];jtj; jiytH fisf; nfhd;whNdh me;jj; jiytHfspd; ngaHfisAk; tuyhw;whrpupaHfs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shHfs;. mjpy; Fifj;NjhoHfs; gw;wp vJTk; Fwpg;gplg;gltpy;iy. NguhrpupaH fpg;gd;$l me;j kd;ddhy; jz;bf;fg; gl;ltHfs; nkj;jk; 10 Mz;fs; 7 ngz;fs; vd;Wjhd; Fwpg;gpLfpwhH.14 ,d;ndhd;iwAk; ftdj;jpy; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. fpwp];jt ,isQHfs; rpyH Xb xspe;jJ Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU gFjpapy; kl;Lk; mwpag;gl;l epfo;r;rpjhd;. mJ eilngw;wnghOJ tuyhw;whrpupaHfspd; ftdj;ij <Hf;Fk; msTf;F - E}yhrpupaHfs; jkJ VLfspy; mjd; tuyhw;iwg; gjpT nra;a Mty; nfhs;Sk; msTf;F ve;j Kf;fpaj;JtKk; mJ ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; me;j ,isQHfs; ePz;l neba epj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J mw;Gjkhd Kiwapy; tpopj;njOe;J CUf;Fs; te;j Jk;; mtHfspd; Gfo; jpf;nfq;Fk; gutpaJk;jhd; xU tpj;jpahrkhd epfo;r;rp! ,e;j ,uz;lhtJ epfo;r;rpjhd; mjhtJ> jpa+jPn]]; kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; ,e;j ,isQHfs; J}f;fj;jpy; ,Ue;J vOe;jJk; fpwp];jt cyfk; KOtJk; mtHfspd; nra;jp gutpaJk;jhd; kpfTk; gugug;ghd epfo;r;rpfSs; xd;W! fpwp];jt cynfq;Fk; gpugykhd - fpwp];jt tpohf;fspYk; jpUr;rig fspYk; Kf;fpa ,lk; ngw;w nra;jpahdJ! ,j;jifa Nguw;Gjkhd epfo;r;rpiaj; jk;Kila VLfspy; njhFf;fTk; gjpT nra;aTk; tuyhw;whrpupaHfs; Kidg;Gf; fhl;bdhHfs;. gpur;rhufHfSk; mjid vLj;Jiug;gjpy; ngUkpjk; nfhz;lhHfs;. ,e;j mbg;gilapy; ehk; Muha;e;Njhkhdhy; ,e;epfo;r;rp gw;wpa Mjhug;g+Htkhd cz;ik ,Jjhd; vdj; njspthfpwJ:

12

ghHf;f: gpupl;lhdpa fiyf; fsQ;rpak; jiyg;G: jp]P]; (Decius) ghfk; 7 gf;fk; 157 Nuhkhdpa tuyhw;iw mwppe;jtHfSf;F ,J njupahkypUf;f KbahJ. mjhtJ> rpiyfSf;Fg; g+iIfs; nra;J mjw;fhd rhd;wpjo; ngw Ntz;Lk; vd;gJ Nghd;w eilKiwiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;jtd; my;yJ mjw;Fj; J}z;LNfhyhf ,Ue;jtd; jp]P]; kd;dd; my;yd;.> mtDf;F ntF fhyj;jpw;F Kd;dH Ml;rp nra;j Jwh[hd; vd;w kd;dd;jhd; ,t;thnwy;yhk; nra;jJ. mtdJ Ml;rpapy;jhd; igj;Jy; Kfj;j]; kw;Wk; `yg; ,U efuq;fspd; ghjpupfs; ,UtUf;F kuz jz;lid tpjpf;fg;gl;lJ> mt;tpUtUk; fpwp];jtHfs; vd;fpw xNu fhuzj;jpw;fhf! ghHf;f: History Of The Christian

Church – By Georgeh . Dryer gf;fk; 65 - 66 13

ghHf;f: jhuPFy; KmHupfPd; vDk; E}y; ghfk; 6 gf;fk; 413 ,y; $j;jhH vd;w ,dj;jhUld; eilngw;w Aj;jq;fs; kw;Wk; mtHfspd; iffspy; jp]P]; kd;dd; nfhiy nra;ag;gl;L ,we;jJ gw;wpa tptuk;. 14

ghHf;f: Nuhkhdpag; Nguurpd; eypTk; tPo;r;rpAk; E}y; ghfk; 2 gf;fk; 98

mjhtJ> ,isQHfs; rpyH nfhLikf;Fs;shfp FifapDs; xspe;j epfo;r;rp `hjpuPd; (Aelius

Hadrinus – Hadrian Publius) kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jjhFk;. 15 ,td; ePz;l fhyk; Ml;rp nra;jhd;. fp.gp. 129 Kjy; fp.gp. 134 Mk; Mz;L tiuapyhd fhyfl;lj;jpy; fPo;j;jpir khfhzq;fspy; ePz;l jhU Rw;Wg;gazk; Nkw;nfhz;bUe;jhf tuyhW $WfpwJ. me;j Rw;Wg; gazj;jpd;nghOJ me;j ,isQHfs; nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gl;L Fifapy; jQ;rk; GFe;jpUf;fyhk;. NkYk; kd;dd; Kd;dpiy apNyNa mtHfs; nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH vd;gJk; Njitapy;iy. mtdJ Mizg;gbNa nfhLik ele;jJ vd;gJk; Njitapy;iy. ,NjNghy me;jf; nfhLikia mtH njupe;jpUe;jhH.> mtuJ tpUg;gg;gbNa mJ ele;jJ vd;gJk; mtrpakpy;iy. Vnddpy; md;iwa Nuhkhdpag; NguuR kpfg;ngupa mstpy; tpahgpj;jpUe;jJ. khepyj; jiyefuq; fspy; kj;jpa Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;bUe;j MSeHfSk; mjpfhupfSk; Mq;fhq;Nf gy;NtW nghWg;Gfspy; epakpf;fg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;. mj;jifa XH mjpfhupNah MSeNuh Gjpjhf cUntLj;j kjf;fpsHr;rpia xLf;Ftjw;fhf jdJ jdpg;gl;l Kbtpd;gb - kj czHr;rpapd; cj;Ntfj;jpy; eltbf;if vLj;jpUf;fyhk;. my;yJ ehl;bd; murpay; rl;lj;ijg; gpuNahfpj;J eltbf;if vLj;jpUf;fyhk;.> mJ tuk;G kPwpg;Ngha; ,Uf;fyhk;. ,tw;iw nay;yhk; me;ehl;L kd;dd; njupe;J nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;bajpy;iy. ,jw;F mwpT uPjpapy; $l mjpf rhj;jpaf;$W cz;L. rhjhuzkhf vy;yhf; fhyq;fspYk; vy;yh ehLfspYk; ,t;thW eilngWtijf; fhzyhk;. vdNt ,isQHfs; nfhLikg;gLj;Jg;gl;L Fifapy; jQ;rk; GFe;jJ `hjpuPd; kd;ddpd; ,e;jr; Rw;Wg; gazj;jpd;nghOJ eilngw;wJ vd;Wk; FifapypUe;J mtHfs; ntspte;jJ jpa+jPn]]; kd;ddpd; fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jJ vd;Wk; ehk; epHzapj;J tpl;lhy; - Fifapy; ,isQHfs; Japy;nfhz;l Mz;Lfs; gw;wp fpwp];jtHfs; $Wk; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; FHMd; $Wk; vz;zpf;iff;Fk; ngupa Vw;wjho;T Vw;glhJ.>fpg;gdpd; gupfhrj;jpw;F ve;j mbg;gilAk; fpilf;fhJ!

15

`hjpuPd; kd;dd; fp.gp. 117 Kjy; fp.gp. 138 tiu Ml;rp nra;jhd;. Jwh[hd; vd;w kd;dDf;Fg; gpwF mupaizapy; mkHe;jhd;. ehl;bd; Ml;rpf;FO fp.gp. 117 Mf];l; khjk; `hjpuPd; kd;dDf;F gjtpg; gpukhzk; nra;J itj;jJ. fpNuf;f efuq;fspd; mope;JNghd moFr; rpd;dq; fisAk; nrOikiaAk; GJg;gpg;gjpy; ,e;j kd;dd; ngUk; Kaw;rp vLj;jhd;. ehl;bd; vy;iyg; gFjpapy; vy;iyr; RtH xd;iw ,tNd vOg;gpdhd;. fp.gp. 132 Mk; Mz;by; a+jHfs; elj;jpa Gul;rpia `hjpuPd; kd;dd; xLf;fpdhd. me;jg; Gul;rpia mlf;Ftjw;fhf fLikahd td;Kiw ifahsg;gl;lJ. a+jHfis ehLflj;Jk;gb ,td; fl;lisapl;lJk; mg;nghOJjhd;. mt;thW ehLflj;jg;gl;l a+jHfSf;F - Mz;by; xU Kiwjhd; igj;Jy; Kfj;j]; Myaj;ijj; juprdk; nra;tjw;F ,td; mDkjp mspj;jhd;. a+jHfis ehLflj;Jk; tuyhW md;wpy; ,pUe;Jjhd; njhlH fijahdJ! ghHf;f: Historians History Of World

`hjpuPd; kd;dd; fp.gp. 119 Mk; Mz;L rpw;whrpah> rpupah Mfpa gFjp fSf;F muR rhHgpyhd Rw;Wg; gazk; Nkw;nfhz; lhd;. mg;nghOJ ]kHdh vd;w Cupy; kfh rig xd;iwf; $l;bdhd;. fPo;j;jpir ehLfspd; kd;dHfisAk; jiytH fisAk; mjpy; fye;J nfhs;SkhW mioj;jhd;. FspH fhyj;ij `yg; efuj;jpy; fopj;jhd;. gpwF fp.gp. 130 Mk; Mz;by; njd; gFjpf;Fj; jpUk;gpdhd;. igj;Jy; Kfj;j]pd; kiyg;ghq;fhd gFjpfspy; Gjpa efH xd;iw epHkhzpg;gjw;Ff; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;jhd;. gpwF muG ehLfs; topahf vfpg;J te;J NrHe;jhd;. gpwF kPz;Lk; fp.gp. 133 Mk; Mz;by; `hjpuPd; kd;dd; ghy];jPdk; jpUk;g Ntz;bajhapw;W! mq;F a+jHfis mlf;Fk; ,af;fj;jpw;Fj; jiyik Vw;whd;. gpd;dH me;jg; gjtpia gpugy jsgjp Julis Severus vd;gtd; ifapy; xg;gilj;Jtpl;L NuhkhGup jpUk;gpdhd;. fp.gp. 138 Mk; Mz;L [_d; 10 ,y; Baiae vd;w ,lj;jpy; `hjpuPd; kd;dd; fhykhdhd;.

“`hjpuPd; kd;ddpd; tho;f;if> Kuz;ghLfspd; nkhj;j tbtkhf cs;sJ” ( gpupj;jhdpa fiyf; fsQ;rpak; ghfk; 11) fpwp];Jt rHr;fspd; tuyhW vDk; E}ypy; mjd; MrpupaH George H. Dryer vd;gtH vOjpAs;s tptuk; tUkhW: `hjpuPd; kd;dd; Kw;fhy NuhkhGupapdiu tpl;Lk; tpj;jpahrkhdtuhf ,Ue;jhYk; Kw;Nghf;F cilatuhf ,Ue;jhH. kj tp\aq;fspy; ed;F Ma;T nra;gtuhfTk; mjpy; Iak; nfhs;gtuhfTk; ,Ue;jhH. nghJg;gilahf vtH kPJk; ehj;jpfg;gop Rkj;jf;$lhJ vd;Wk; r%fg;gopiaj; Njbf;nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd;Wk; nrhy; yf; $batuhf ,Ue;jhH. MdhYk; ehj;jpfH fisAk; flTs; ek;gpf;if ,y;yhjtHfisAk; (ngUk;ghYk; mtHfs; fpwp];jtHfshf ,Ue;jdH) rpiyfSf;F Kd;dhy; NeHr;ir rkHg;gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; Nukhdpa kjj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp elf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; tw;GWj;Jtjpy; jkJ FUthfpa Jwh[hd; kd;ddpd; mZFKiwiaf; filg;gpbg;gtuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. gf;fk; 66

,JNt Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj;jf;f fUj;J vd;gjw;F ,d;ndhU fhuzk; cz;L. mjhtJ ,e;jr; rupij vg;nghOJ njhlq;fpaJ? vg;nghOJ Kbtile;jJ vd;gJ gw;wp El;gkhd fhy tiuaiw Ald; tuyhw;wpy; mwpag;gltpy;iy. me;j ,isQHfs; tpopj;njOe;j Mz;L gw;wp rpupah kw;Wk; fpNuf;fj;jpd; tuyhw;W MrpupaHfspd; fUj;Jfs; ntt;Ntwhf te;Js;sd. rpupah ehl;L tuyhw;whrpupaHfs;> fp.gp. 425 my;yJ 437 Mk; Mz;by; tpopj;njOe;jdH vd;W $WfpwhHfs;. fpNuf;f ehl;L tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;Ngh> ,uz;lhk; jpa+jP]; kd;dd; Ml;rpf;F te;j Mz;by; ,Ue;J rupahf 38 tJ Mz;by; tpopj;njOe;jhHfs; vd;fpwJ.16 (me;j kd;dd; fp.gp. 408 Mk; Mz;L Ml;rpf;F te;jhd;. mg;gbahdhy; fp.gp. 446 Mk; Mz;by; 17 tpopj;njOe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;whfpwJ) NkYk; kjf;fpsHr;rpapd; ngauhy; me;j ,isQHfs; ve;j Mz;by; nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gl;ldH vd;gJk; njsptpd;wpNa cs;sJ. ie&d; vd;w kd;dd; (fp.gp. 64) fhyj;jpypUe;J fpwp];jt kjk; ntspg;gilahfNt nfhLikf;Fs;shf;fg;gl;L te;js;sJ. fpwp];jt kjk; Nuhkpd; uhZtj; jsgjpfs; midtupd; kjkhf MFk; tiu - fp.gp. ehd;fhk; E}w;whz;by; fp];j;jd;jPd; kd;dd; fpwp];jt kjj;ijj; jOtpa fhyk; tiuapy; - Vwf;Fiwa xU E}w;whz;L fhyk; tiuapy; me;jf; nfhLik njhlH fijahf ePbj;J te;Js;sJ! ,g;gbahf Muk;g fhy fpwp];jt tuyhw;wpy; njsptpd;ik mjpfk; cs;sJ. mJ mUfpAk; - gytPdg;gl;Lk; cs;sJ!ve;j xUtuyhw;W epfo;r;rp njhlHghfTk; ek;gj; jFe;j tuyhw;Wj; njhFg;ig mq;F fhzKbtjpy;iy! Mdhy; Ke;ija ,iwNtjq;fisf;$l ghJfhf;ff;$b ajhfj; jpfo;fpw FHMd;jhd;> Kd;Df; Fg;gpd; Kuzhd ,j;jifa rupj;jpuf; Fwpg;Gfis tplTk; mjpf ek;gpf;iff;FupaJ vd;W ehk; cWjp nfhz;Ls;Nshk;. gy;NtW khw;wq;fSf;Fk; ,ilr;nrUfy;fSf;Fk; ,yf;fhfptpl;l %yhjhu E}y;fs; kw;Wk; Guhzf; fijfis tpl FHMd;jhd; Vw;Wf; nfhs;sj; jf;fJ! rpwpanjhU ,isQH $l;lk; vq;Nfh xU rpw;W}upy; jiy kiwthd nra;jp ehl;L kf;fs; mid tupd; ftdj;ijAk; <Hf;Fk; msTf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ngwhnjd;gJ ,aw;ifNa. ,J> mt;tpisQHfs; tpopj;njOe;j epfo;r;rpapypUe;J ngupJk; NtWgLfpwJ. ePz;l epj;jpiuapy; ,Ue;J mtHfs; tpopj;jJ jhd; mjpraKk; Mr;rupaKk; epiwe;jJ. mJTk; me;j ,isQHfspd; kjj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhz;l kd;d dpd; Ml;rpfhyj;jpy; vDk; nghOJ mJ ,d;Dk; mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jk; ngw;W tpLfpwJ! mjpYk; kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpwF kPz;Lk; xUtho;T cz;nlDk; kWikf; nfhs;ifAk; mq;F kdpjHfs; kPz;Lk; capUld; vOg;gg;gLk; rpe;jidAk; ngUk; rHr;irf;Fk; tpthjj;jpw;Fk; cl;gLj;jg;gl;l fhyj; jpy; - mg;gb epfo;tJ rhj;jpaNk vd;gijj; njspthf;Fk; Mjhuj;jpd; Njit mjpfupj;Js;s #o; epiyapy; me;j ,isQHfs; (ePz;l epj;jpiuf;Fg;gpd;) tpopj;njOe;jJ mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtj;Jld; kjpf;fg;gLk; vd;gNj ,ay;G! vdNt ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; KbT ,Jjhd; vd;gjpYk; Fifj;NjhoHfs; tpopj;njOe;J mtHfspd; tp\ak; gpugyk; mile;j - Gfo;ngw;w fhyk; ,Jjhd; vd;W tiuaiw nra;tjpYk; vt;tpj Iaj;jpw; Fk; jHf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,lNk ,y;iy. Vnddpy; ,JNghd;w gpukhz;lkhd epfo;r;rpfisg; ghJfhg; gjpYk; Ma;T nra;tjpYk; kdpjd; ,aw;ifahfNt Mty; nfhs;fpwhd;. tUq;fhyj; jiyKiwapdUk; njupe;J gad; ngWk; tifapy; VLfspy; gjpT nra;tjpy; kdpjid mtdJ kjp> kd> kjj;Njl; lq;fs; mjpfk; ce;jpnaor; nra;fpd;wd! Mdhy; ,e;j epfo;r;rpapd; njhlf;fk; ,J Nghd;wjy;y. my;yh`; kpf mwpe;jtd;!

Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupijia FHMd; NjHe;njLj;jJ Vd;?

,e;j E}jdkhd rupij FHMdpy; ,lk; ngw;wjw;fhd fhuzk; njhlHghf jpUf;FHMd; tpupTiu ahsHfs; itj;jpUf; Fk; Mjhuk; vd;dntdpy;> Fiw\pfs; xU J}Jf;FOit kjPdj;J a+j mwpQH fsplk; mDg;gpdH vd;Wk; K`k;kj; egp (]y;) mtHfspd; cz;ik epiyia - thdj;jpypUe;J ,iw

16

NguhrpupaH fpg;gdpd; E}iyg; ghHf;fTk;. 17

jpa+Njh]P]; kd;dd; fp.gp. 408 Kjy; 540 tiu Ml;rp nra;jhd;.

aUl;nra;jp mtHfSf;F te;J nfhz;bUg;gijr; Nrhjpj;Jg; ghHf;f cjTk; tpjj;jpy; rpy Nfs;tp fis me;jf;FO> a+jHfsplk; Nfl;ldH vd;Wk; mg;NghJ mtHfs; Fiw\pfSf;fhfr; rpy Nfs;tp fisj; NjHe;njLj;jhHfs; vd;Wk; mtw;wpy; Fifj;NjhoHfs; gw;wp xU Nfs;tp ,Ue;jJ vd;Wk; K`k;kj; gpd; ,]; hf; mwpj;Js;s mwptpg;Ng MFk;; 18 K`k;kj; gpd; ,]; hf; gjpT nra;Js;s ,e;j mwptpg;G rupahhdjhf ,Ue;jhYk; ,J kl;LNk - FHMd; ,e;jr; rupijiaj; NjHe;njLj;jjw;fhd jiyahaf; fhuzky;y. nfhLikfs; gw;wpa rupijfSk; E}jdkhd fijfSk; Vuhsk; cz;L. mtw;iw mwptjw;Fk;> mtw; wpd; cz;ik epiyia mwptpj;Jf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk; t`p (vDk; ,iwaUl; nra;jp)iaj; jtpu NtWtop ,y;iy.> mg;gbg;gl;l rupijfis tpl;Ltpl;L ,e;jf; Fifj;NjhoHfspd; rupijia FHMd; NjHe; njLj;jjw;F ,e;j mwptpg;Ng %y fhuzky;y.

18

K`k;kj; gpd; ,];`hf; $WfpwhH: ehw;gJ Mz;Lfshf te;J nfhz;bUe;j vfpg;J ehl;ilr; NrHe;j tajhdtH xUtH> ,f;upkh ,lk; ,Ue;Jk; mtH ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;Jk; mwptpj;jhHfs;: Fiw\pfs; es;H gpd; `hup];> cf;gh gpd; mgP K<j; ,UtiuAk; kjPdj;J a+j mwpQHfsplk; mDg;gpitj;jhHfs;. mt;tpUtuplKk; nrhd;dHfs;: a+j mwpQHfsplk; K`k;kij gw;wp tprhupAq;fs;. mtiug; gw;wpa KO tptuj;ijAk; mtUila fUj;JfisAk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yq;fs;. a+jHfs; Ke;ija Ntjk; toq;fg;gl;ltHfs;. egpkhHfs; gw;wp - ek;kplk; ,y;yhj tp\a Qhdk; mtHfSf;F cz;L. mt;tpUtUk; Gwg;gl;L kjPdh te;jhHfs;. a+j mwpQHfsplk; K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfs; gw;wp tpdtpdhHfs;. NkYk; mtHisg; gw;wpa tptuq;fisAk; mtHfs; vd;ndd;d nrhy;fpwhHfs; vd;gijAk; $wpdhHfs;. mt;tpUtUk; nrhd;dhH fs;;: “epr;rakhf ePq;fs; njsuhj; Ntjk; toq;fg;gl;ltHfs;. vq;fSila NjhoH gw;wp rupahdnjhU Kbit vq;fSf;F mwptpg;gPHfs; vd;Wjhd; cq;fsplk; te;Js;Nshk;” mtptpUtuplKk; a+j mwpQHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: ehq;fs; cq;fSf;Ff; fl;lisapLtJ vd;dntdpy;> %d;W tp\aq; fis mtuplk; tpdTq;fs;. mtw;wpw;F Kiwahd gjpiy mtH nrhd;dhy; mtH cz;ikapy; ,iwtdplk; ,Ue;J mDg;gg;gl;l egpjhd;.,y;iynadpy; mtH ngha;nrhy;yf;$batH. gpwF mtH tp\aj;jpy; cq;fs; tpUg;gg;gb ele;J nfhs; Sq;fs;. Kd;ndhU fhyj;jpy; capNuhL kiwe;JNghd ,isQHfs; gw;wp - mtHfSila epiyik vd;dthdJ vd;W mtuplk; tpdTq;fs;. me;j ,iwQHfs; njhlHghf E}jdkhd tuyhW xd;Wz;L. cynfq;Fk; gazk; nra;j xU NguurH gw;wp - mtuJ nra;jp gw;wp tpdTq;fs;. mtH g+kpapd; Nkw;Fg; gFjpfisAk; fpof;Fg; gFjpfisAk; ntw;wp fz;ltH. NkYk; &`; - capH gw;wpAk; mjd; cs;sik gw;wpAk; mtuplk; tpdTq;fs;. ,tw;wpw;Fr; rupahd gjpy;fis mtH cq;fSf;F mwptpj;jhy; mtH cz;ik egpjhd;.> mtiug; gpd;gw;Wq;fs;. mg;gb mtH mwptpf;ftpy;iy nadpy; mtH ngha; thjk; GupgtH. mtH tp\aj;jpy; cq;fs; tpUg;gg;gb ele;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;. es;Uk; cf;;ghTk; Gwg;gl;L kf;fj;J Fiw\pfsplk; te;jhHfs;. “Fiw\p Fyj;jpdNu! ekf;Fk; K`k;kJf;Fk; kj;jpapy; jPHT fhzf;$ba rpy tp\aq;fis ehq;fs; nfhz;Lte;Js;Nshk;. A+j mwpQHfs; rpy tp\aq;fs; gw;wp K`k;kjplk; tpdTkhW ekf;Ff; fl;lis gpwg;gpj;Js;shHfs;” vd;W nrhd;dhHfs;. -- mt;tpUtUk; me;j tp\aq;fis Fiw\pfSf;F mwptpj;Jf; nfhLj;jhHfs;. Fiw\pfs; egp (]y;)mtHfsplk; te;jhHfs;.Nfl;lhHfs;;: “K`k;kNj! ,tw;wpw;Fupa gjpy;fis vq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;Yq; fs;.> ghHf;fyhk;” - a+j mwpQHfs; nrhy;yp mDg;gpa tp\aq;fs; gw;wp Fiw\pfs; ,t;thW egpaplk; tpdtpdhHfs;. egp(]y;) mtHfs; “ePq;fs; Nfl;l Nfs;tpfSf;fhd gjpiy ehis cq;fSf;F mwptpf;fpNwd;” vd;W $wpdhHfs;. ,d;\h my;yh`; - my;yh`; ehbdhy; vd;W nrhy;ytpy;iy. Fiw\pfs; jpUk;gpr; nrd;whHfs; gpwF egp (]y;)mtHfs; 10 ehl;fs; vjpHghHj;jpUe;jhHfs;. mJ tp\aj;jpy; mtHfSf;F my;yh`; t`p vJTk;; mDg;gp itf;ftpy;iy.> mtHfsplk; [pg;uPy; tutpy;iy.> - mjdhy; nfhe;jspg;ig cUthf;Fk; tje;jpfis kf;fj;J vjpupfs; gug;gpdhHfs;! mtHfs; nrhd;dhHfs;: “ehis vd;W K`k;kj; ek;kplk; thf;FWjp mspj;jhH. ,d;W tiu 15 ehl;fs; fope;Jtpl;ld. ek;Kila Nfs;tpfs; vjw;Fk; ek;kplk; mtH gjpy; jutpy;iy” t`p ,wq;FtJ jhkjkhdjhy; egp (]y;) mtHfs; kpfTk; Jauk; mile;jhHfs;. kf;fj;J Fiw\pfspd; Vr;RfSk; Ngr;RfSk; mtHfis kdk; tUe;Jk;gb nra;jd. gpwFjhd; XH mj;jpahaj;ij my;yh`;tplk; ,Ue;J ngw;Wf; nfhz;L egpatHfsplk; [pg;uPy; te;jhH. mjpy; - Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupijAk; Fiw\pfs; tp\aj;jpy; egpatHfs; Jaug;gl;lJ njhlHghf egpia my;yh`; fz;bj;jJk; ,Ue;jd. cyfk; KOtJk; gtdp te;j murH gw;wpa nra;jpAk; ,Ue;jJ! mj;Jld; my;yh`;Tila ,e;j trdKk; ,Ue;jJ: (egpNa!) &`; gw;wp ,tHfs; ck;kplk; tpdTfpwhHfs;. ePH $Wk;: &`; vd; ,iwtdpd; fl;lisapdhy; Vw;glf;$bajhFk;. Mdhy; cq;f Sf;Ff; FiwthfNt Qhdk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. (E}y;: ,g;D [uPH jgup ghfk; 15 gf;fk; 118 119 ) - ,e;j mwptpg;gpy; vtuplk; ,Ue;J ,g;D ,];`hf; mwptpj;Js;shHfNsh mtH k[;`_y; - mwpag;glhjtuhf ,Uf;fpwhH. vdNt egpnkhopf; fiyapy; ,e;j mwptpg;Gf;F mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; ,y;iy.

mUsg;gl;ljw;fhd fhuz epfo;r;rpfs; (((( >��S�� l�A��) ) ) ) ahTk; - mit Fwpj;J jpUkiw tpupTiuahsH

fs; Vuhskhf vOjp apUe;jhYk; Kw;fhy mwpQHfs; mtw;wpw;Fg; ngupa mstpy; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLj; jpUe;jhYk; - ,d;W ngUk;ghyhd mwpQHfs;> mUsg;gl;ljd; fhuzq;fSf;F ve;j me;j];ijf; nfhLj;Js;shHfNsh me;j me;j];ij mit ngw;wplkhl;lh. cz;ikahnjdpy;> rPHjpUj;jk; kw;Wk; fy;tp fw;gpj;jy; vDk; ve;j Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;W tjw;fhf FHMd; mUsg;gl;lNjh me;j Nehf;fq;fspYk; rPHFiye;j ve;jr; rKjhaj;ijr; rPHjpUj;jpg; gz;gLj;j Ntz;Lnkd egp (]y;)mtHfs; mDg;gpitf;fg;gl;lhHfNsh - FHMd; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;lNjh me;jr; rKjhar; #o;epiyfspYk;> vt;tpjkhd ngUk; khw;wq;fSf;Fk; ,yf;fhfhj kdpj ,ay;G fspYk;> Gjpa Gjpa Nfhyq;fisj; jhq;fpa tz;zk; Rod;W nfhz;bUf;Fk; fhyq;fspYk; xd;wd; gpd; xd;whfj; njhlHe;J epfo;fpw epfo;r;rpfspYk;> fhyq;fSk; ehLfSk; vt;tsT khWgl;bUg;gpDk; ve;j kdpj re;jjpfis Nehf;fp FHMdpd; miog;G mikANkh - K`k;kj; egpatHfspd; J}Jj;Jtk; top elj;jpr; nry;YNkh me;j re;jjpfspYk; - FHMd; mUsg;gLtjw;Fg; gy J}z;Ljy;fs; mike; Js;sd. mitNa kpfTk; tYthdit.> Vw;Wf;nfhz;L gjpy; jUtjw;F kpfTk; Vw;wkhdit! ,j;jifa fhuzpfs;jhk;> xU FOtpdupd; tpdhit tpl> xU $l;lj;jhupd; gupNrhjidia tpl kpfTk; ntspg; gilahdit. Kf;fpaj;Jk; nfhLg;gjw;F kpfTk; jFjpahdit! XH mj;jpahaNkh trdNkh mUsg; gl;ljw;fhd fhuzk; njhlHghf mwptpg;ghsHfs; mwptpf;Fk; jdpg;gl;l epfo;r;rpia tpl ,itNa kpf caHe;jit MFk;! typa;Ay;yh`; nj`;ytp vd;W midtuhYk; mwpag;gl;l i\Fy; ,];yhk; m`;kj; gpd; mg;JH u`Pk; (u`;) mtHfs; j/g;]PH fiyapd; mbg;gilfs; gw;wpa jkJ jdpg;ngUk; E}yhd my; my; my; my; ngs]{y;fgPHngs]{y;fgPHngs]{y;fgPHngs]{y;fgPH vDk; E}ypy; ,t;thW $WfpwhH: “”ngUk;ghyhd tpupTiuahsHfs; - jHf;fthj trdq;fs;> rl;lk; njhlHghd trdq;fs; xt;nthd; iwAk; VNjDk; xU epfo;r;rpAld; ,izf;fpwhHfs;.>me;j epfo;r;rpNa me;j trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;l jd; fhuzk; vd;Wk; fUJfpwhHfs;. Ma;T nra;ag;gl;l cz;ikahnjdpy;> kdpj cs;sq;fisg; gz; gLj;JtJ> tPzhd - mrj;jpathjf; nfhs;iffis xopj;Jf;fl;LtJ> nfl;l nray;fis mopj; njhopg;gJ Mfpaitjhd; jpUf;FHMd; mUsg;gl;ljd; mbg;gil Nehf;fq;fshFk;> Mk;> kf;fsplk; tPzhd - mrj;jpathjf; nfhs;iffs; fhzg;ngw;wNj jHf;fk; njhlHghd trdq; fs; mUsg;gl;ljd; jdpg;ngUk; fhuzkhFk;. NkYk; kf;fspd;; jtwhd nray;fSk; mtHfspilNa mePjpfs; gutpapUe;jJNk rl;lk; njhlHghd trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;ljw;Fg; Nghjpa fhuzkhFk;. NkYk; FHMdpy; ,lk;ngw;Ws;s ,tw;iwr; nrtpNaw;w gpd;dUk; mjhtJ> my;yh`;tpd; mUl;nfhil fisf; $Wjy;> ‘ma;ahKy;yh`;’ vDk; ,iwahw;wiy epidt+l;Lk; tuyhw;W epfo;r;rpfisr; nrhy;Y jy;> kuzj;jpd;NghJk; mjd; gpwFk; epfotpUf;Fk; epiyikfis vLj;Jiuj;jy; Mfpatw;iwr; nrtpNaw;w gpd;dUk; kf;fs; jPikfis tpl;L tpyfhky; myl;rpaj;jpy; %o;fpf; fple;;jJjhd; - mwpTiu fs; njhlHghd trdq;fs; mUsg;gl;ljw;fhd cz;ikf; fhuzkhFk;. Mdhy; ve;jj; jdpg;gl;l rk;gtq;fisAk; Fwpg;gpl;l epfo;r;rpfisAk; tpupTiuahsHfs; mjpfr; rpuj;ijAld; vOjpf;Ftpj;jpUf;fpwhHfNsh - risf;fhky; ms;sptpl;bUf;fpwhHfNsh mtw;wpw;F vt;tpjg; ngupa njhlHGk; ,y;iy.> nghUl;gLj;Jk; tifapyhd vt;tpj Kf;fpaj;JtKk; ,y;iy! xU rpy trdq;fs; tp\aj;jpy; kl;Lk; mg;gb ,Uf;fyhk;. egpatHfspd; fhyj;jpNyh mjw;F Kd;Ngh epfo;e;j VNjDk; epfo;r;rp gw;wp me;j trdq;fspy; rkpf;iQahff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUf;Fk;. mjidf; Nfl;g tUf;F xUtpjkhd fUj;J kaf;fk; - vijNah vjpHghHf;Fk; Mty; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. me;jf; Fwpg; gpl;l epfo;r;rpia tptupj;jhy;jhd; mJ ePq;Fk;” (E}y;: my; ngs]{y; fgPH) 19

jpUifapy; Nghlg;gl;l jhdpak; Nghy;! Fifj;NjhoHfspd; ,e;jr; rupij rupahd fhyfl;lj;jpy; - nghUj;jkhd gFjpapy;jhd; mUsg; gl;Ls;sJ. NuhkhGup kd;dHfspd; Ml;rpf; fhyj;jpy; vj;jifa cr;rfl;lkhd nfhLikiaAk;

19 ghH]p nkhopapy; (mrypy;) ,Ue;J nra;ag;gl;l mugpahf;fk;. (,J mjd; jkpohf;fk;)

rHthjpfhuj;ijAk; me;j ,isQHfs; vjpH nfhz;bUe;jhHfNsh mNj #o;epiyfisj;jhd; md;W kf;fj;J K];ypk;fSk; vjpHnfhz;bUe;jhHfs;! ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;l me;j ,isQHfs; jkJ Ciu tpl;Lk; ntspNawp Fifapy; jQ;rk; miltjw;F Kd;dhy; vj;jifa fhyfl;lj;jpy; tho;e;J te;jhHfNsh mNj Nghd;wnjhU fhyfl;lj;jpy;jhd; kf;fj;J K];ypk;fSk; tho;e;Jte;jhHfs;. FHMid tplTk; NeHj;jpahf NtWahUk; mjidr; rpj;jupf;f KbahJ. FHMd; $WfpwJ:

[e�c%�� [;�]2d�YTY3c� a]� ]X�N�YTY� Z�X�]}� X&WN ]X�2Y9X1Y3X*[� �0X.W']? X;[3XIJ a�W� �X�[�Ka��Y�) >�2I�� ������( “”me;jr; #o;epiyia epidj;Jg; ghUq;fs;: ePq;fs; (kf;fj;Jg; g+kpapy;) rpWghd;ikapduhfTk; xLf;fg;gl;ltHfshfTk; ,Ue;jPHfs;. gpw kf;fs; cq;fis ,uhQ;rpf; nfhz;L nrd;W tpLthHfNsh vd;W mQ;rpf;nfhz;Lk; ,Ue;jPHfs;” (8 : 26) egpnkhopj; njhFg;GfSk; egptuyhw;W VLfSk; ,j;jifa <tpuf;fkw;w nfhLikfspd; epfo;r;rp fisAk; fz; %bj;jdkhf mbj;Jj; Jd;GWj;jpa fijfisAk; Vuhsk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd; wd. gpyhy;> mk;khH> fg;ghg;> K];mg;> ]{ikah (uypay; yh`{md; {k;) Nghd;w NjhoHfSf;F NeHe;j Jd;gq; fis nka;rpypHf;Fk; tz;zk;> czHNt ciwe;J NghFk; tpjj;jpy; tptupf;fpd;wd! FHMDk; egptuyhWk; - md;W kf;fj;J K];ypk;fis Ml;nfhz;bUe;j gaq;fukhd> fOj;ij neupf;ff;$ba #o; epiyiag; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. vg;gbg;gl;l neUf;fbnadpy;> vt;tpjkhd ek;gpf;if NuifAk; me;j thdpy; kpd;dtpy;iy.> me;jr; #o;epiyapy; fhw;Wk; xspAk; tUtjw;nfd vt;tpj [d;dYk; jpwe;jpUf;ftpy;iy! jpUifapy; Nghlg;gl;l jhdpak; Nghd;Wk; grpnfhz;l rpq;fj;jpd; iffspy; rpf;fpa ,iu Nghd;Wk;jhd; K];ypk;fspd; epiy ,Ue;jJ! jpUf;FHMid tpl kpf El;gkhd thHj;ij mikg;G NtnwJTk; ,y;iy. mJ tUkhW:

Y)W� ]�Yva'Y� ]} a]� �X��%]� Y� X;[�[*2XI]J X;Z�X.]'Y( XG]?�Y� Y� XGYA[<Y� �Y8Z [�X���� [;Z�X.]'Y( XG]?�Y� �]�W� \�3Y< W!X.]�W� d}� � �) ��|� � �3�� :��� ( “ “mtHfspd; epiyik ve;jmsT Nkhrkhfptpl;bUe;jnjdpy;> g+kp ,j;Jiz tpupthf ,Ue;Jk; $l mtHfisg; nghWj;j tiu FWfptpl;lJ.> mtHfs; capH tho;tNj mtHfSf;Ff; f\;lkhfp tpl;lJ. NkYk; my;yh`;tplk; ,Ue;J jg;gpg;gjw;F -mtdJ mUspd; gf;fk; jpUk;Gtijj; jtpu NtW Gfyplkpy;iy vd;gij mtHfs; mwpe;Jnfhz;lhHfs;”(9:118) 20 ,e;epiyapy;jhd; t`p vDk; ,iwaUl;nra;jp ,wq;FfpwJ. Jd;gj;jpw;Fg; gpd; kfpo;r;rp> f\;;lj; jpw;Fg; gpd; ,yF> ,opTf;Fg; gpd; fz;zpak; Mfpatw;wpd; rupijfis FHMd;> me;j ,iwek;gpf;if ahsHfSf;F vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. VO thdq;fSf;F NkypUe;J mw;Gjkhd Kiwapy; ,wq;fpa - cyfpay; xg;gPLfs; xt;nthd;iwAk; ngha;g;gLj;jf;$ba> mDgtq;fs; xt;nthd;iwAk; jfHj;njwpaf; $ba> mwpT uPjpahd Gw msTNfhy;fSf;Fr; rthy; tplf;$ba tifapy; VOthdq;fSf;F mg;ghy; ,Ue;J my;yh`;tpd; cjtp te;jpwq;fpa tpe;ijia thd; kiw tptupf;fpwJ! tpuy; tpl;L vz;zj;jf;f rpwpanjhU $l;lj;jpw;F - vt;tpj Mw;wYk; MAjKkpd;wp epuhAjghzpahf ,Ue;j ,isQHfs; rpyUf;F my;yh`; vt;thW ntw;wpiaf; nfhLj;jhd;? ,iwepuhfupg;gpYk; ghtj;jpYk; %o;fpf;fple;j> tuk;GkPwp - mstpd;wp mePjp Gupe;Jnfhz;bUe;j> gz trjpiaAk; nry;tr; nropg;igAk; mjpf msT ngw;wpUe;j> vy;yh tpjkhd rf;jpfisAk; rhjdq;fisAk; Mw;wy;fisAk; trjp tha;g;GfisAk; iftrk; itj;jpUe;j mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd ngUk; $l;lj;ij my;yh`; vt;thW Njhy;tp milar;nra;jhd;? capupy;yhjjpy; ,Ue;J capUs;sijAk; capUs;sjpy; ,Ue;J capupy;yhjijAk; my;yh`; vt;thW ntspg;gLj;Jfpwhd;? ,UspypUe;J xsp gpwe;jpl vt;thW topnra;fpwhd;? ,uj;j jhfk; nfhz;l giftHfspy; ,Ue;J - <uy;fis tFe;J nkd;W jpd;Dk; msT ntwpnfhz;l gaq;fukhd tpNuhjpfspy; ,Ue;J - kdpjFyg; ghJfhtyHfisAk; jhAs;sk; Nghd;w fUizAld; xOf;fk; Nghjpf;Fk; cj;jkHfisAk; my;yh`; vt;thW cUthf;fpdhd;?

20

,e;j trdk;> tptfhuk; xj;jpNghlg;gl;bUe;j %tH tp\aj;jpy; ,wf;fpaUsg;gl;ljhFk;. mtHfs; fmg; gpd; khypf;> `pyhy; gpd; cikah> Kwhwh gpd; ugP,y; Mkpup (uypay;yh`{md;`{k;) - ,e;j trdk; kjPdhtpy; mUsg;gl;ljhFk;.

epuhfupg;ghsHfshd ngw;NwhupypUe;J ,iwek;gpf;ifnfz;l gps;isfs; thupRfshf te;jnjg;gb vd;gij vy;yhk; FHMd; me;j ek;gpf;ifahsHfSf;F tptukhf vLj;Jiuj;jJ!

kf;fj;J K];ypk;fSk; Fifj; NjhoHfSk;

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Y� ��]�W(X�Y� Y� ��Yha�� WMWfYb \WN YL�U�YD Y� YLY�]�yN W!Z [GzA]u[I �Y� Z0X����� �U]�AXIJ X)W� Y�X.]'Y( ��xYI  �KY� Y)X.Z%W�Xy[8a'W� 7Y�aKW� )��|� ��b ����:���( “” (egpNa!) ,iwj;J}jHfspd; tuyhWfspy; ,Ue;J ehk; vLj;Jf;$Wk; ,e;j epfo;r;rpfs; xt;nthd;Wk; vg;gbg;gl;lit vdpy;> ,tw;wpd; %yk; ehk; ckJ ,jaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;JfpNwhk;.> NkYk; ,tw;wpy; rj;jpaj;ijg; gw;wpa mwpTk; ckf;Ff; fpilj;Js;sJ. ek;gpf;ifahsHfSf;F ,tw;wpy; mwpTiuAk; epidt+l;lYk; cs;sd” (11 : 120) md;iwa kf;fj;J K];ypk;fspd; epiyikia ehk; Muha;e;jhy; mtHfSf;Fk; Fifj;NjhoHfSf; Fk; ngUk; msT xw;Wik ,Ug;gJ GupAk;. me;j ,isQHfs; jq;fs; jPid - ,iwkhHf;fj;ijAk; ,iwek;gpf;ifiaAk; Fog;gj;jpy; ,Ue;J ghJfhg;gjw;fhf Fifapy; jQ;rk; GFe;jhHfs;. gpwF ePz;l fhykhf mq;Nf jq;fp tpl;lhHfs;. my;yh`; ,uT - gfiy khwpkhwp Rod;W tur;nra;J nfhz;bUe; jhd;. fhyq;fs; fope;jd. ,iwek;gpf;ifiaAk; Vfj;Jtf;nfhs;ifiaAk; Vw;wpUe;j kf;fisf; nfhLikg;gLj;jpa epuhfupg;ghsHfspd; muR fhyhtjpahdJ. gpd;dH Nuhk; ehl;L mupaizapy; -,izitg;gpYk; rpiy topghl;bYk; Cwpj;jpioj;j Ml;rpahsH fNs - nfhLikapYk; jPikapYk; %o;fpapUe;j murHfNs ePz;lfhykhff; NfhNyhr;rpa Nuhk; ehl;L mupaizapy; cz;ikahd ,iwek;gpf;ifahsH mkHe;jhH. <]h egpapd; kjj;ijAk; mtHfs; tpl;Lr; nrd;w Vfj;Jtg; gpur;rhuj;ijAk; ghJfhg;gtuhf mtH jpfo;e;jhH.jhKk; me;j khHf;fj;ijg; gpd;gw;W

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,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;l Gul;rpahsHfs; rpiy topghl;Lf;nfhs;ifAila - mePjp jiytpupj;jhba ,e;j ehl;by;> fl;Lg;ghLk; fz;zpaKk; jtwpa ,e;jr; rKjh aj;jpy;> neUf;fbahd - gaq;fukhd ,e;jr; #o;epiyapy;> vq;Fk; fhupUs; fg;gp fOj;ij neupj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;j fhy fl;lj;jpy; - ,g;gbg;gl;l ,isQHfs; rpyUk; tho;e;jhHfs;. mtHfis> <]h egp (miy) mtHfspd; rj;jpa miog;G nrd;wile;jpUe;jJ. ey;ytw;iw <Hf;Fk; mwpTlDk; ,iwar;rkpf;f ,jaj;JlDk; capHj; Jbg;ghd kdr;rhl;rpAlDk; mtHfis mJ ngw;Wf;nfhz;lJ. me;j miog;G> mtHfspd; ,jaq; fisj; jpwe;jJ. mtw;iw KOikahf Ml;nfhz;lJ. mtHfspd; kdjpy; Mokhfg; gjpe;jJ. mtH fspd; ,jaq;fspYk; rpe;ijfspYk; KOikahf ,lk; gpbj;jJ. me;j miog;G mtHfspd; <khd; -ek;gpf;ifahfTk; nfhs;ifahfTk; ,d;g epiyahfTk; ,ja gykhfTk; njspe;j mwpthfTk; epiwe;j cWjpahfTk; khwpaJ! ,dp me;jf; nfhs;ifapd;wp mtHfshy; capH thoKbahj epiyahdJ! ,t;Tyfpy; vt;tsT $Ljy; tpiyf;F <lhfTk; mjid tpw;gjw;F mtHfs; Kd;tutpy;iy! me;jf; nfhs;iff;fhf jq;fsJ tho;itAk; capiuAk;$l mHg;gzpg;gjw;F mtHfs; jahuhapdH!

,e;jf; fl;lj;jpy;jhd; Nghuhl;lk; njhlq;fpaJ. Nghuhl;lf;Fzk; Kjypy; me;j ,isQHfspd; ,jaq;fspy; gpwe;jJ.gpwF nraypy; ntspg;gl;lJ.Nghuhl;lczHT Kjypy; ,jaj;jpypUe;J njhlq;F tJjhd; ajhHj;jk;. me;j ,isQHfs; md;iwa muRf;Fk; kf;fs; r%fj;jpw;;Fk; NeH vjpuhd rpe;jidiag; ngw;whH fs;. murhq;fk; cUttopghL cilaJ. mijj; jtpu NtW vijAk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;shjJ. rKjhak; jhd;Njhd;wpj;jdkhdJ. jhd;Njhd;wpj;jdkhd Nghf;ifj; jtpu NtW vijAk; mJ nghUe;jpf; nfhs;shJ.murhq;fj;JlDk; kf;fs; rKjhaj;JlDk; xj;Jg;Nghfhky; - mjpfhuj;ijAk;> nry; thf;ifAk; ngWtJ vd;gJ xUGwk; ,Uf;fl;Lk; - capH tho;tNj KbahJ. ,t;thwhf fhuz - fhupaq;fspd; jj;JtKk; r%f $l;L tho;f;ifapd; Ma;Tk; tho;f;ifapd; ajhHj;j epiyAk; - ,it midj;Jk; me;j ,isQHfis murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; fl;Lg; gl;Lr; nry;YkhWjhd; fl;lhag;gLj;jpd. cztpd;wp tapW epuk;g KbahJ. gzkpd;wp czT fpilf;fhJ. gzNkh murhq;fj;jplk; kl;LNk cs;sJ. ,Nj Nghd;W gjtpapd;wp fz;zpaKk; GfOk; ,y;iy. gjtp vd;gJ muRg; gzpapd;wp ,y;iy. muRg; gzp murhq;fj;jplk; kl;LNk cs;sJ. vdNt mikjpAk; epk;kjpAk; Ntz;Lkhdhy; kf;fNshL xj;Jg; Nghdhhy;jhd;- CNuhL ,ize;J tho;e;jhy;jhd; fpilf;Fk;. mg;gbahdhy; kf;fsplKs;s nghJf;fUj;ijAk; nry;thf;Fg; ngw;Ws;s nfhs;ifiaAk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy;jhd; KbAk;. - ,Jjhd; fz;nzjpupy; fhzf;$ba - mDgtj;jpy; fpilf;ff; $ba cyfhajj; jj;JtkhFk;. vy;yhg; nghUs;fspd; ,ay;G epiyAkhFk;. vdpDk;; ,e;jj; ‘njspthd jj;Jtj;ij’ (,jd; mDjhgpfs; ,jw;F ,g;gbj;jhd; ngaupLfpwhHfs;. ,e;jf; fUj;ij) me;j ,isQHfs; Vw;Wf; nfhs;stpy;iy.> mjw;F vjpuhfNt nray;gLfpwhHfs;. jq;fsJ ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; Vfj;Jtf; nfhs;ifapd; %yk; kl;LNk cjtp ngWfpwhHfs;. mtHfspd; J}u Nehf;Fila> Mokhd rpe;jid - mq;F epytpa ntspg;gilahd> GyDf;Fl;gl;l epiyikiaf; fle;J nry;fpwJ. ,e;jg; GyDyfpw;F mg;ghYs;s vjhHj;jepiy mtHfSf;F Kd; Njhw;wkspf;fpwJ! ,e;j murhq;fKk; kf;fs; rKjhaKk; iftrg;gLj;jpAs;s fhuzpfSf;F mg;ghy; NtnwhU fhuzp ,Ug;gij mtHfs; ghhf;fpwhHfs;. mJNt ,iwrf;jp. mJNt Vida fhuzpfisg; gilj;Jj; jpiu kiwtpypUe;J mtw;iw ,af;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,iwehl;lk;! khngUk; Mw;wy;kpf;f me;j ,iwehl;lk; ahUf;Fj; Jizepw;fpwNjh mtH kPJ ,e;jg; Gwf;fhuzp fSk; mtw;iwf; ifg;gw;wp itj;jpUf;Fk; kdpjHfSk; ve;jg; ghjpg;igAk; Vw;gLj;jp tpl KbahJ. me;j kdpjHfspd; ghy; mtH NjitahfTk; khl;lhH. epiyikfisAk; Rw;Wr; #o;epiyfisAk; my;yh`; mtUf;F trg;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;J mtw;iw> mtuJ epiyikf;Fk; Njitf;Fk; cld;gLk; tifapy; - Njitia epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLf;Fk; tz;zk; mikj;J tpLfpwhd;! NkYk; mtuJ gzp fSf;F Ntz;ba topfhl;liyAk; midj;J trjp tha;g;GfisAk; jahHgLj;jpf;nfhLf;fpwhd;. NkYk; jdJ gpuj;jpNaf fUiziaAk; mUisAk; mtUf;F toq;Ffpwhd;. vdNt mtH ntspuq;f rf;jpfSf;F Kd;dhy; mbgzpaNth mtw;iwf; ifg;gw;wpAs;stHfSf;F mlq;fpr; nry;yNth Njitapy;iy! me;jf; fhuzpfisf; ifg;gw;wp itj;jpUf;Fk; kdpjHfs; cz;ik apy; gytPdkhdtHfs; - Viofs;jhk;! vdNt mtH jkJ nfhs;ifapy; cWjpahf epiyj;jpUg;gJ jhd; mtrpak;! ,q;Fjhd; ,iwek;gpf;if cyfhajr; rpe;jidg; Nghf;fpd; kPJ KOikahf ntw;wpnfhs;fpwJ. ek;gpf;ifapd; jj;Jtk; Mjhuj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd jj;Jtj;ij mlf;fpahSfpwJ! ,e;j tuyhw;wpd; jpwTNfhYk; gbg;gpidf;Fupa ,lKk; ,Jjhd;!

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‘thdq;fSf;Fk; g+kpf;Fk; ahH mjpgjpNah mtd;jhd; vq;fs; ,iwtd;. mtid tpLj;J Ntnwe;j flTisAk; ehq;fs; miof;fkhl;Nlhk;. mt;thW mioj;jhy; ehq;fs; Kiwaw;w Ngr;ir NgrpatHfs; MNthk;’ vd;W (Jzpe;J) $wpanghOJ mtHfspd; ,jaq;fis ehk; jplg;gLj;jpNdhk;.(gpwF mtHfs; jq;fSf;Fs; nrhy;ypf; nfhz;lhHfs;) ‘,e;j ek;Kila r%fj;jpdH Nguz;lj;jpd; mjpgjpia tpLj;Jg; gpwtw;iwj; nja;tq;fshf Mf;;fpf; nfhz;lhHfNs! (mit tzf;fj;jpw;Fupa nja;tq;fs; vd; why;) mjw;fhd njspthd rhd;wpid ,tHfs; Vd; nfhz;Ltutpy;iy? my;yh`;tpd; kPJ ngha;iag; Gide;J $Wgtid tpl ngUk; nfhLikf;fhud; ahH?” (18 :13 -15 )

tho;th? rhth? Mdhy; ,g;nghOJ nfhs;ifapy; epiyj;jpUg;gjw;F vd;d top vd;gJjhd; gpur;id. ,e;jg; g+kp ,t;tsT gue;J tpupe;jpUe;Jk;$l ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfshd me;j ,isQHfs; kPJ neUf;fbahfp tpl;bUe;jJ. murhq;fk;> me;ehl;L kf;fs; midtiuAk; me;j ,isQHfSf;F vjpuhfj; J}z;b tpl;b Ue;jJ! czTk; ,ju tho;f;ifj; NjitfSk; mtHfSf;Fj; jil nra;ag;gl;ld. ,e;epiyapy; nfhs;ifapy; epiyj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk; vdpy;> mjw;fhd top vd;d? nfhs;ifaw;w> FznthOf;fkw;w tho;f;if tho;tjh? nfhs;ifiag; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf tho;itAk; Rje;jpuj;ijAk; jpahfk; nra;tjh? ,t;tpuz;by; vJ Kf;fpak; vd;gNj me;j ,isQHfSf;F Kd; vOe;j Nfs;tp! ,e;epiyapy; <khd; (,iwtd; kPjhd cWjpahd ek;gpf;if) mtHfSf;Ff; ifnfhLj;J cjT fpwJ. nry;Yk; ghijia mtHfSf;F ntspr;rk; Nghl;Lf; fhl;LfpwJ. NkYk; ‘my;yh`;tpd; g+kp gue;J tpupe;jJ.> mtdJ cjtp epr;rak;’ vDk; cWjpia mtHfspd; ,jaq;fspy; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. ,d;g tho;itAk; trjptha;g;Gfs; midj;ijAk; ,oe;Jtpl;l nghOJ ,dpAk; ,e;j mepahaf;fhuH fspd; Cupy; jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W ve;jf; fl;lhaKk; jq;fSf;F ,y;iy vd;fpw vz;zk; mtH fsplk; cWjpg;gl;lJ. mg;nghOJ mtHfspd; ehtpy; vOe;j thHj;ijfs; ,itjhd;:

W� �X�[��]N � � d}W� ]X�[$[AX9Y� �Y� Y� X;[bX�[8[3a�YHY3X(� W�W�Y� �S�x]NX�W� X;KZ�X�J X)W� X;�]� ¬U&z.Y�[� Y� W!W3Y8X<Y� X)W� X;�� Y� X;�]� X�[/X%Y� W�X�]�a�� \]�) ���S���|� ����� :�� (

“,e;j kf;fis tpl;Lk;> my;yh`;it tpLj;J ,tHfs; tzq;fpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; nja;tq;fis tpl;Lk; ePq;fs; tpyfpf; nfhz;BHfshdhy;> ,d;d Fiff;Fr; nrd;W mgak; NjLq;fs;. cq;fs; ,iwtd; jdJ fUizia cq;fs; kPJ ,d;Dk; tpupthf;Fthd;. NkYk; cq;fs; gzpfSf;F Ntz;ba midj;Jr; rhjdq;fisAk; cUthf;fpj; jUthd;” (18 : 16)

fsj;ijf; fhyp nra;j gpwF nra;a Ntz;banjd;d? gpwF me;j ,isQHfs; my;yh`;tpd; g+kpapy; mg;gbNa fz;Nghd Nghf;fpy; Rw;wpj; jpupe;jpUf;f yhk;. xt;nthUtUk; jj;jkJ ghijapy; nrd;wpUf;fyhk;. jdpj; jdpf; Fifiaj; NjbNah kiy cr;rpia ehbNah nrd;wpUf;fyhk;. vt;thW fpwp];jtHfs; Jwtwk; Nkw;nfhz;l fhyfl;lj;jpYk; tPo;r;rp mile;jNghJk; nray;gl;lhHfNsh mt;thW ,e;j ,isQH fSk; nra;jpUf;fyhk;. Mdhy; me;j ,isQHfspd; cs;sj;jpy; - ehk; midtUk; ekJ jPd;- ,iwkhHf;fj;ijAk; nfhs;ifiaAk; fhg;ghw;wpf; nfhs;tjw;fhf xNu [khmj; - $l;lkhfjhd; ,t;t+upy; ,Ue;J ntspNawp my;yh`;tplk; jQ;rk; mila Ntz;Lk;.> mtdplk; ,Ue;Nj tpiuthd kfpo;itAk; njspthd ntw;wp iaAk; vjpHghHf;fNtz;Lk; vd;fpw XH cs;Sjpg;ig my;yh`; Vw;gLj;jpdhd;. ,JNt rupahd jpl;lk;! kpfTk; rPuhd ghij! ,iw ek;gpf;ifahsHfs; kPJ ,g;g+kp neUf;fbahfp> thOk; topfs; midj;Jk; milgl;Lg;Ngha; mtHfSila <khd; - ,iw ek;gpf;ifAk; topghl;L Kiw Ak; Ngughaj;jpw;Fs;shf NeupLk; xt;nthU fhyfl;lj;jpYk; mtHfs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eilKiw ,Jjhd;;.

,iwek;gpf;iff;;Fk; jpahfj;jpw;Fk; fpilj;j gupR gpwF ele;jnjd;d? ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; tPuk; Mfpa ,uz;L jd;ikfis me;j ,isQHfs; jq;fsplk; epiwthf;fpdhHfs;. mt;tpuz;Lk;jhd; ,iwtdpd; cjtpAk; mtdJ kiwKfkhd xj;J iog;Gk; fpl;Ltjw;fhd gjpNtl;by; cs;s ,U mbg;gilg; gz;Gfs;!

X;Z�z Y�Z �X�[%Y�£ ��Y.X3WN X;[�cIW� “jpz;zkhf mtHfs; ,isQHfs;. jk; ,iwtd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhz;ltHfs;” 21

mg;nghOJ my;yh`;Tk;> jhd; mspj;j thf;FWjpfs; midj;ijAk; mtHfSf;F epiwNtw;wpf; nfhLj;jhd;. mitjhd;: NeHtopapy; Kd;Ndw;wk; mspj;jy;> ,jaj;ij cWjpg;gLj;jy; vd;gd.

X;Z�Z X�'? \]'Y( �Y%a�Y Y�Y� #k$[b X;[b�YIX�Z�Y� “”ehk; NeHtopapy; mtHfis NkYk; NkYk; Kd;Ndwr; nra;Njhk;. mtHfspd; ,jaq;fisj; jplg; gLj;jpNdhk;” 22 nrhe;j Ciu tpl;L ntspNawpr; nry;Yk; ,iwek;gpf;if ahsd;jhd; - jdJ rKjhaj;ijAk; r%fr; #o;epiyiaAk; vjpHj;Jg; Gul;rp nra;af;$ba> nfhLq;Nfhy; Ml;rpiaAk; rHthjpfhu muirAk; vjpHj;Jg;Nghuhlf;$ba xU K];ypk;jhd; topfhl;lYf;Fk; epiyFiyahikf;Fk; mjpfk; Njit cil atd;! mtdJ jLkhWk; ,jaj;ij my;yh`;> cWjpg;gLj;JtJk; mtdJ nefpOk; kdj; ijj; jplg;gLj;JtJk; kpfTk; mtrpak;! Mk;> fz;zpakpf;f me;j ,isQHfs; tp\aj;jpy; jhd; mspj;j thf;FWjpia my;yh`; epiw Ntw;wpdhd;. mtHfSf;F NeHtopapy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ij mspj;jhd;.mtHfspd; ,jaq;fis cWjpg;gLj;jp dhd;. Nfhio> mr;rk;> jaf;fk;>jLkhw;wk; Mfpa jd;ikfis mtHfspd; ,jaq;fspy; ,Ue;J ntspNaw;wptpl;L -tPuk;> mikjp> Cf;fk;> cWjp> kfpo;T> Mde;jk; Mfpa jd;ikfis mtw;wpy; epug;gp dhd;. my;yh`;itAk; mtDila nray;fisAk; KO kdj;Jld; Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; kdepiwit mtH fSf;F mspj;jhd;. my;yh`;tpd; ghijapy; ehL Jwe;J nry;gtupd; fl;lKjk; ,Jjhd;! ,iwtopapy; NghH Gupaf; $ba> jdJ fhyj;ijAk; r%fr; #o;epiyiaAk; vjpHj;Jg; Gul;rp nra;af;$ba xU tPuDf;Fj; Njitahd MAjk; ,Jjhd;! gpwF vd;d ele;jJ? me;j ,isQHfs; Ciu tpl;L ntspNawpdhHfs;. r%f tho;itAk; mjd; myq;fhuq;fisAk; Jwe;jhHfs;. tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fisAk; trjp tha;g;GfisAk; J}f;fp vwpe;jhH fs;. rpwg;Gkpf;f jk; ehl;ilAk; kjpg;Gkpf;f jq;fspd; tPLfisAk; tpl;Lg; gpwpe;jhHfs;. cz;ik ahnjdpy; me;j ,isQHfs; caHe;j FLk;gq;fspy; rpwe;j Fyq;fspy; gpwe;jtHfshtH. 22

tpupthd> MNuhf;fpakhd 23 xU Fifapd; gf;fk; me;j ,isQHfSf;F my;yh`; topfhl;baJ mtHfs; Nkw;nfhz;l jpahfj;jpd; gupR vd;Wjhd; nrhy;y Ntz;Lk;. Mk;> ,J Nghd;w Fiffis> tpupthd> MNuhf;fpakhd> J}a;ikahd mga ,y;yq;fisg; ngupangupa epWtdq;fs;$l fl;bnaOg;g KbahJ. me;jf; Fif vg;gb mike;jpUe;jnjdpy;> #upa xspAk; ntg;gKk; Nghjpa msT mq;F fpilj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd. mj;Jld; #upadpd; kpjkpQ;rpa ntg;gj;jpd; jPikapypUe;J ghJfhg;ghfTk; ,Ue;jJ. mJ kl;Lky;y J}a;ikahd fhw;Wk; ,jkhd #o;epiyAk; me;j ,isQHfSf;F ew;Rfj;ijAk; RW RWg;igAk; mspj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jd!

Y§X8c/�� #Y�Y�Y�¢�Y�Xv]N \WN X;[bY� Z>�Y8z/�� Y��]� X;[�[�Z�axY� XGY Y�]� �]�W�Y� Z)X.W8Y.a�� Y�]�� X;Z�W2X�]K X)Y( [�Y��YHY� XGY9]']V �]�W� [!X%W� “”(mtHfs; jQ;rk; GFe;j Fif vt;thW mike;jpUe;j njdpy;>) #upad; cjakhFk;nghOJ mtHfspd; Fifia tpl;Lk; tpyfp tyJ gf;fkhf caHtijAk; kiwAk;nghOJ (mtHfis tpl;Lk;

21

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#uj;Jy; f`;G trdk; 13 22

my;yhkh MY}rp mtHfs; jkJ tpupTiuapy; $WfpwhHfs;: me;j ,isQHfs; NuhkhGupapd; rpwg;Gkpf;f> fz;zpakpf;f gpuKfHfspd; gps;is fshtH. (E}y;;: &`{y; kMdp ghfk; 5 gf;fk; 11) 23

yprhDy; mug; vDk; mfuhjpapy; cs;sJ: f`;G vd;gJ kiyg; nghJk;G MFk;. Mdhy; Fif - nghJk;G ,uz;Lf;Fk; NtWghL vd;dntdpy;> Fif vd;gJ nghJk;ig tpl kpf tpupthdJ. neUf;fbahdjhf ,Ue;jhy; mjw;Fg; nghJk;G vdg;gLk;.

fle;J) ,lJ gf;fkhfj; jho;tijAk; ePH fhz;gPH. (ve;epiyapYk; #upaf; fjpHfs; Neubahff; Fifap Ds; nry;tjpy;iy) mtHfNsh FifapDs; xU tprhykhd Kw;wj;jpy; ,Ue;jhHfs; ”

24

,t;thW - mRj;jkhd> ehw;wnkLj;j r%fr; #o;epiyia tpl;Lk; nfhLikapYk; jPikapYk; Ko;fpf; fple;j Ml;rpahsHfs; kw;Wk; r%fj; jiytHfis tpl;Lk; me;j ,isQHfspd; cwT Kw;whf Kwpe;jJ. khR kWtw;w tho;f;ifNahLk; J}a;ikahd ntspTyfj;JlDk; mtHfspd; cwT njhlHe; jJ. mtHfs; CH cyfj;ij tpl;Lk; tpyfpj;jhd; tho;e;jhHfs;.> MapDk; cyf tho;tpd; midj;J eyd;fisAk; gyd;fisAk; mDgtpj;jhHfs;. ,Jnty;yhk; ,jaj;jpy; Mog;gjpe;jpUe;j <khd; - ,iwek;gpf;iff;Fk; cz;ikahd ,iwtopg;Nghuhl;lj;jpw;Fk; fpilj;j gupNr md;wp Ntwpy;iy. my;yh`; xUtd;jhd; ,j;jifa trjpia Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jhd;. mtNd mjw;fhd topfhl;liy toq;fpdhd;.

W$Y3X�[8a�� Y�[�]N � W$X�Y� X)Y� � � W��Y�£ X)W� Y�W�W�]� “,J (mjhtJ> me;j ,isQHfs; cyifAk; mjd; cwTfs; midj;ijAk; rj;jpaj;jpw;fhf tpl;nlhopj;jJ) my;yh`;tpd; mj;jhl;rpfspy; xd;whFk;. my;yh`; vtUf;F NeHtopfhl;LfpwhNdh mtNu NeHtopapy; cs;stH ”

24

,iwepuhfupg;ghsHfs;> my;yh`; tFj;jspj;j rl;lq;fSf;Fk; mtdJ \uPmj; -newpKiwfSf;Fk; vjpuhff; fpsHr;rpia Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. ,aw;iff;F vjpuhfr; nray;gl;lhHfs;. RfNghfkhd> cy;yhrkhd> Mde;jkhd tho;f;ifia miltjw;fhf jq;fs; Mw;wy;fs;> ciog;Gfs;> fy;tpfs;> tp\a Qhdq;fs; midj;ijAk; nryT nra;jhHfs;. jq;fSila nrhe;j eyd;fSf;fhf ,aw;if rf;jpfis trg;gLj;jpdhHfs;. RfNghfj;ijAk; nry;tr; nropg;igAk; cy;yhrj;ijAk; juf;$ba rhj dq;fisj; jq;fs; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; tUk;gb nra;jhHfs;. Mdhy; ,Wjpapy; vd;d MdJ? vjpHghHj;j gyd;fis tpl;Lk; mtHfs;; jLf;fg;gl;lhHfs;. Mk;> tho;f;ifr; #oy;fSk; ,aw;if ANk mtHfSf;F vjpuhfj; jpUk;gptpl;ld. mtHfs; vjpHghHj;jpUf;fhj topfspy; my;yh`;tpd; jz;lid mtHfis te;jile;jJ. mtHfNs fz;Lgpbj;j fz;L gpbg;GfSf;Fk; rhjdq;fSf;Fk; mtHfs; ,iuahdhHfs;. E}jdkhd Neha;fSf;Fg; gypahdhHfs;. tpNdhjkhd rpf;fy;fSf;F Msh dhHfs;. NguopTkpf;f NghHfspy; rpf;fpdhHfs;!

�k$WqX�[� �­.W�Y� [!]� Y$ZvY� X)]']N � Z0W'X1[� X)Y�Y� “”(egpNa!) my;yh`; vtid topjtwr; nra;fpwhNdh mtDf;F cjtpGupgtiuAk; topfhl;Lgtiu Ak; ePH fhz khl;BH”

26

<khdpaf; Fif tho;f;if me;j ,isQHfs; ,e;j <khdpaf; Fifapy; tPzpYk; Xa;tpYk; jq;fsJ tho;itf; fopf;ftpy;iy. mq;F mtHfs; ,iwnewpr; rl;lKk; topfhl;lYkpd;wp ,UspNyh fz;fisf; fl;ba epiyapNyh ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy. Mjhuq;fspy; ,Ue;J njupatUtJ vd;dntdpy;> rpy Mfkq;fisAk; vOjg;gl;l XiyfisAk; me;j ,isQHfs; jk;Kld; nfhz;L nrd;wpUe;jhHfs;. mit njsuhj; kw;Wk; ,d;[Pypd; trdq;fs; vOjg;gl;l VLfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. egpkhHfspd; Qhdq;fs; kw;Wk; Nghjidfspy; ,Ue;J vQ;rpa

24

#uj;Jy; f`;G trdk; 17 - &`{y; kMdpapy; cs;sJ: me;j ,isQHfisr; #upa ntg;gk; mwNt jhf;fhj tifapy;jhd;> Jd;GWj;jhj tifapy;jhd; Fif mike;jpUe;jJ. ,jkhd fhw;W fpilj;Jf;nfhz;bUf; Fk; tifapy;> Fifapd; neUf;fbahy; Jd;gj;jpw;Fs;shfhj Kiwapy; Fifapd; eLg;gFjpapy; mtHfs; jq;fpapUe;jhHfs;. (ghfk; 5 gf;fk; 20) j/g;]PUH uh[papy; cs;sJ: Fifapd; thry; tlf;Fg; gf;fkhfj; jpwe; jpUe;jJ. #upad; cjakhdhy; Fifapd; tyJ gf;fkhf mike;J tpLk;. kiwAk;nghOJ ,lJ gf;fkhfr; nrd;WtpLk;. (ghfk; 5 gf;fk; 466) 25 #uj;Jy; f`;g; trdk; 17 26

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; trdk; 17

gjpaq;fshfTk; ,Uf;fyhk;. Ciu tpl;Lk; ntspNa fpsk;Gk; nghOJ jq;fNshL mtw;iwAk; ghJfhg; ghf vLj;Jr; nrd;wpUe;jhHfs;. 27 ,J vj;jifa eilKiwnadpy;> jq;fSila rKjhaj;ijAk; r%fr; #o;epiyfisAk; vjpHj; Jg; Nghuhlf;$ba> ehl;ilAk; tPl;ilAk; Jwe;J Gfyplk; Njbj; jdpikia ehbr;nry;y Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;Jf;F cs;shff;$ba xt;nthUtUf;Fk; ,J xU rh]dkhf ,Uf;fl;Lk;.> mg;gb Ciu tpl;Lk; ntspNawpj; jdpikia ehLk; #o;epiy Vw;gLk;gl;rj;jpy;! gpwF me;j ,isQHfs; ifNahL nfhz;Lnrd;wpUe;j fl;lKJk; ,jug; nghUl;fSk; Kbe;J te;j nghOJ my;yh`; mtHfs; kPJ epk;kjpahd> ePz;lnebanjhU epj;jpiuiar; rhl;bdhd;. cz;zg; gUf Ntz;ba Njit$l ,y;yhj tifapy;!

�k�Y$Y( Y)X.Z%W� W�X�]�a�� \WN X;Z�ZI�]�£ \]'Y( �Y%X Y�Y1]N “mg;nghOJ ehk; mtHfis mNj Fifapy; gy;yhz; Lfs; Mo;e;j epj;jpiuapy; Mo;j;jpNdhk;” 28

NuhkhGupapd; jiyfPo; khw;wk; Fifj; NjhoHfSila rupijapd; mw;Gjq;fSs; xU Nguw;Gk; ,q;F ntspg;gLfpwJ. Fifapy; mtHfs; jdpj;jpUe;j - epj;jpiuapy; Mo;e;jpUe;j fhyj;jpy; mtHfsJ Cupd; epiyik ngUk; khWjy; milfpwJ. Nuhk; ehl;bYk; mjd; Ml;rpf;F cl;gl;bUe;j gFjpfspYk; jiyfPo; khw;wk; Vw;gl;lJ. rpiy topghl;Lf;nfhs;ifAk; Cjhupj;jdKk; nfhz;l Ml;rp fhyhtjpahdJ. mjd; Ml;rpahsHfSk; mjpfhu tHf;fj;jpdUk; fhyr;Row;rpfspDs; RUl;lg;gl;lhHfs;. mj;jifa murhq;fj;jpd;; rpijT fspilNa - my;yh`;tpd; kPJk; <]h egp kPJk; ek;gpf;ifnfhz;l XH muR Ml;rpf;F te;jJ. 29 ve;jg; Gjpa kjj;ij Ke;ija murhq;fk; ePz;l fhykhf vjpHj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jNjh - mjidg; gpd;gw;wpatHfisAk; mjid topelj;jpr; nrd;w jiytHfisAk; ehl;il tpl;Nl Jwj;jpaNjh me;j

27

FHMd; mtHfSf;F m];`hGy; f`;G tH ufPk; vd;W ngaupLfpwJ. ufPk; vd;gjpy; gy fUj;Jfis tpupTiuahsHfs; vOJfpwhHfs;. RpyH $WfpwhHfs;: mJ xU fw;gyif. Fifj; NjhoHfspd; tuyhw;iw my;yJ mtHfspd; ngaHfis mjpy; vOjpapUe;jhHfs;. gpd;dH mJ Fifapd; thrypy; itf;fg;gl;lJ. NtW rpyH $WfpwhHfs;: ufPk; vd;gJ xU fpuhkj;jpd; my;yJ efuj;jpd; ngaH. my;yhkh ifyhdp mtHfs; jkJ fl;Liuapy; gpd; tUk; fUj;ij vOjpAs;shHfs;: ufPk; vd;gJ vOjg;gl;l XH VL. Fifapy; mtHfSf;F mJ cjtpahf ,Ue;jJ. my;yhkh MY}rp mtHfs; ,g;D mg;gh]; (uyp) mtHfspd; fUj;jhf vOjpapUg;gJ mjw;F tYt+l;lf;$bajhf cs;sJ: ufPk; vd;gJ mtHfsplk; ,Ue;j XH VL. <]h egp (miy)mtHfspd; jPdpy; ,Ue;J ve;jr; rl;lq;fis mtHfs; gpd;gw;wp te;jhHfNsh me;jr; rl;lq;fs; me;j Vl;by; vOjg;gl;bUe;jd. (E}y;: &`{y; kMdp ghfk; 15 gf;fk; 11) ,JNt ekJ fUj;jhFk;. ,g;D [uPH (u`;) mtHfs; ,g;D i[j; ,lk; ,Ue;J mwptpj;Js;shHfs;: ufPk; vd;gJ XH VL. mjw;F xU gpuj;jpNafr; nra;jp xd;W cz;L. mjid my;yh`; mwptpj;Jj; jutpy;iy.

]X�[ c�]x[8a�� [M[$Y�X/Y� iPX�?X�Y� il]�3WK ]X�[._'W( �Y� YL�Y�X�J �Y�Y� “me;j Nkd;kf;fspd; gjpNtL vd;dntd;gJ ckf;Fj; njupAkh? mJ vOjg;gl;l xU Gj;jfk;. (,iwtdplk;) neUf;f khd kyf;Ffs; mjidg; ghJfhf;fpwhHfs;” (ghfk; 15 gf;fk; 122) ,khk; Gfhup (u`;) mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: ufPk; vd;why; VL. mugpapy; kH$k; vd;why; vOjg;gl;lJ vd;W nghUs;. (]`P {y; Gfhup ghfk; 2 j/g;]PH gFjp> #uj;Jy; f`;G) 28

#uj;Jy; f`;G trdk; 19 29

,J fp];je;jPd; fgPH vd;w kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; epfo;e;jjhFk;. ,tH fp.gp. 306 Mk; Mz;by; Ml;rpg; nghWg;Ngw;whH. mg;nghOJ ,tH fpwp];jt kjj;ij Vw;whH. (,Jjhd; gpugykhd mwptpg;G. Mdhy; Gjpa kjj;ij Vw;wjpy; ,e;j kd;d Uila tha;ikapYk; ey;nyz;zj;jpYk; Iak; nfhs;fpwhHfs;> ngUk;ghyhd Ma;thsHfs;! mtH fpwp];Jtj;ijj; jOtp aJ murpay; eyd;fSf;fhfNt vd;W nrhy;fpd;wdH) ,e;j kd;dHjhd; fpwp];Jtj;ij murhq;fj;jpd; mjpfhug;g+Ht kjk; Mf;fpdhH. NkYk; Kf;fpakhd rigfis (k[;yp];fis) $l;bdhH.> mtw;wpy; ngupa ngupa ghjpupkhHfSk; gp\g;fSk; fye;Jnfhz;lhHfs;. mjd; Nehf;fk; fpwp];Jtf; nfhs;ifapy; xUKfj;jd;ikia Vw;gLj;JtJk; fUj;J NtWghLfisf; fistJk; Nfh\;b Nkhjy;fis xopg;gJkhFk;. ,tNu fp];jd;jPdpah ((((Constantinople) vDk; efiu fp.gpp.330 Mk; Mz;L cUthf;fpdhH. mJ mtuJ ngaupy; gpugykhfpAs;sJ. mjid ehl;bd; jiyefuhf Mf;fpdhH. fp.gp. 337 Mk; Mz;L kuzk; mile;jhH.

Gjpa kjj;jpw;F ,e;j muR cjtp Gupe;jJ. me;jkhHf;fj;Jld; ,izfpw midtiuAk; fz;zpag; gLj; jpaJ. mjd; nfhs;ifg;gb tzf;f topghL nra;gtH midtiuAk; tuNtw;W nfsutpj;jJ. ,e;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpy; Fifj;NjhoHfis my;yh`; tpopj;njor; nra;fpwhd;.> %d;W E}w;whz;L fSf;Fk; mjpfkhfj; J}q;fpf; nfhz;bUe;j mtHfspd; ePz;l neba J}f;fk;; fiye;jJ!

�k9X*W� �X�[��Y�X�� Y� Y)X.Z%W� ¢�]{�W� ]�]�]� X;Z�W2X�]K \WN �X�uZA]�Y� NkYk; mtHfs; jkJ Fifapy; Kd;D}W Mz;Lfs; jq;fpdhHfs;. rpyH xd;gjhz;Lfis mjpf khf;fpdhHfs;” 30

J}f;fj;jpy; fope;j fhyk; vt;tsT vd;gJ gw;wp jq;fSf;F kj;jpapy; mtHfs; tpdtpf; nfhs;fpwhH fs;. me;jf; fhymsitj; jPHkhdpg;gjpy; - Jy;ypakhff; fzpg;gjpy; mtHfSf;Fs; fUj;J NtWghL vOfpwJ. gpwF me;j tptfhuj;ij my;yh`; tpd; gf;fk; tpl;LtpLfpwhHfs;. Vnddpy; mJ Kf;fpa khd khHf;fg; gpur;idNah Kf;fpakhd cyf tptfhuNkh my;y.

X;[�X%W� �0W{�]? ]>]�? ~PX�Y� Y®X9Y X�J �k�X�Y� �Y%auZA]� �X���]? X;[3auZA]� X;]K RX;[3auZA]� �Y8Z [;]'X(J X;�� Y� �X���]? “”mtHfspy; xUtH ehk; jq;fpapUe;jJ vt;tsT fhyk; vd;W Nfl;lhH. mjw;F mtHfs;> xUehs; my;yJ rpy kzp Neuk; jq;fpapUg;Nghk; vd;W gjpy; mspj;jhHfs;. (me;jf; fhy msit rupahd Kiwapy; mwpe;jpl Kbahky; MdnghOJ) mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: ePq;fs; vt;tsT fhyk; jq;fp apUe;jPHfs; vd;gij cq;fs; ,iwtd;jhd; ed;F mwpe;jtd;” 31

rpwpJ Neuj;jpy; midtUk; grpia czHfpwhHfs;. clNd jq;fspy; xUtiu> ey;y czit thq;fp tUkhW gzpf;fpwhHfs;. jq;fsJ Cupy; ,Ue;J ifNahL nfhz;Lte;jpUe;j nts;sp ehzaq;fis mtuplk; nfhLj;J mDg;GfpwhHfs;.

z� ~gX�Z�Z X;�W��Y.a']N �k�]�9]V \]KX�J �Y���J X��X%Y.a']N W�Y%X�W$Y8a�� \]�W� WMWfYb X;�W?Z�Y�Z X;KY$Y<]� �X�uY9X �]N[!X% “ek;kpy; xUtiu ,e;j nts;sp ehzaj;ijf;nfhLj;J CUf;Fs; mDg;gp itAq;fs;. kpfTk; ey;y czT 32

vq;F fpilf;Fk; vd;W ghHj;J mq;fpUe;J rhg;gpLtjw;F VjhtJ ekf;F thq;fp tul;Lk;” 33

,ufrpak; ntspg;gl;L tplhjthW ghJfhg;ghfTk; rhkHj;jpakhfTk; nrd;W jpUk;Gk;gb jk; NjhoUf;F mtHfs; mwpTiu $WfpwhHfs;. Vnddpy; ehl;bd; Ml;rp ,d;Dk; vjpupfspd; iftrNk cs;sJ vd;Wk; NghyP]hUk; Gydha;Tj; JiwapdUk;; jq;fisf; fz;fhzpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs; vd;Wk;jhd; mtHfs; ek;gpf;nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;.

�k$Y<J X;�Z dY�W9X/[� ]}Y� X�d�'Y3Y.a�Y� R�k$Y J ���W� �X�[hW'a2[� X)]�Y� X;Z�W3d'W� X\WN X;KX�[$X.���W9[� X�J X;KX�[8[DX�Y� X;�X.]'Y( �X�[�Y�a�Y� aW� X;[�cIW� “mtH rhkHj;jpakhf ele;J nfhs;sl;Lk;. ehk; ,q;F ,Ug;gij ahUf;Fk; mtH njupag;gLj;jpl Ntz;lhk;. mtHfs; ek;ikg; gpbj;Jtpl;lhy; ek;ikf; fy;yhy; mbj;Jf; nfhd;W tpLthHfs;. my;yJ mtHfsJ kjj;jpw;F ek;ik gyte;jkhf; nfhz;L nrd;W tpLthHfs;. mg;gb Mfptpl;lhy; ePq;fs;

xU nghOJk; ntw;wp ngw KbahJ” 33

,q;Nf - ,iwek;gpf;if nfhz;l ,isQHfs; nfhLikg;gLj;jg;gl;l fijiaAk; mJ rpiy topghl;by; jpisj;jpUe;j jPNahHfspd; Ml;rpapy; ele;jnjd;gijAk; CHkf;fs; nrtptopr; nra;jpahfj; njupe;jpUe;jhHfs;. me;j ,isQHfSf;F ,iof;fg;gl;l Jd;gq;fisAk; mjdhy; mtHfs; jq;fs; ehl;ilj; Jwe;J nrd;wijAk; kf;fspd; fz;fis tpl;Lk; vt;tpj mbr;RtLk; ,y;yhky; kiwe;J NghdhHfs; vd;gijAk; kf;fs; Nfs;tpg;gl;bUe;jhHfs;.

30

#uj;Jy; f`;G 25 31

#uj;Jy; f`;G 19 32

,e;j trdj;jpw;F ,khk; uh[p mtHfs;> kpfTk; J}a;ikahd> Ritahd czT vd;W tpsf;fk; mspf;fpwhH. NkYk; vOJfpwhH: czit Nrfupj;J itg;gjw;fhf Kaw;rp nra;tJ \uPmj;jpy; mDkjpf;fg;gl;l xd;Wjhd;.> mJ jtf;Fy; - ,iwtid KOtJk; rhHe;jpUj;jy; vDk; gz;Gf;F NfL tpistpf;fhJ vd;gJ ,e;j trdj;jpy; ,Ue;J njupfpwJ. 33

#uj;Jy; f`;G 19 - 20

Ml;rpf;F te;j Gjpa fpwp];jt muR> jdJ kjk; nfhLikg; gLj;jg;gl;l tuyhw;Wr; rpd;dq;fSf; Fg; Gj;JapH nfhLg;;gjpYk; mjd; milahsr; RtLfisg; GJg;gpg;gjpYk; <Lgl;lJ. jdJ kjj;jpw; fhfg; Nghuhb capHj;jpahfk; nra;j tPuHfspd; epiditg; GJikg;; gLj;JtjpYk; mtHfspd; Gfio epiy ehl;Ltjpy; mjw;fhf epidT ,y;yq;fis vOg;GtjpYk; ehl;lk; nfhz;lJ. mj;jifa tPuHfspd; gl;baypy; Fifj; NjhoHfNs Kd;diyapy; ,Ue;jdH.

New;Nwh tpul;lg;gl;ltHfs;.> ,d;Nwh tPuj; jpahfpfs;

,jd; tpisthf Fifj; NjhoHfspd; rupijjhd; me;j efuk; KOtjd; Ngr;rhdJ. czTf;fhf mtHfs; mDg;gp itj;j NjhoH gJq;fpg; gJq;fpg; Gwg;gl;lhH.> rhJupakhfTk; mr;rj;jpdhy; jpUk;gpj; jpUk;gpg; ghHj;jgbAk; fpsk;gpdhH.Ritahd czT vq;F fpilf;Fk; vd;W ghHf;fpwhH. mij thq;fpf; nfhz;L tpiuthf jd; NjhoHfsplk; jpUk;g Ntz;Lk; vd;W fUJfpwhH. mg;gbj; jpUk;gpdhy; mJNt ngUk; ghf;fpak; vd;W vz;ZfpwhH. Mdhy; mq;F efu kf;fs; midtupd; Mr;rupag; ghHitf;F ,yf;fhfp tpLfpwhH. kl;Lky;y mtUk; mtUila NjhoH fSNk CupDs; jiytHfshf kjpf;fg;gLfpwhHfs;. mtHfspd; jpahfk;> ngUik> tPuk; gw;wpNa kf;fsplj;jpYk; muRj; jug;gpYk; ntFthfg; Gfog;gl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jJ. midj;jpw;Fk; Kjypy;> mtH jd;Dld; vLj;Jr; nrd;wpUe;j ehzaq;fs; my;yJ mtuJ Ngr;Rg; ghzp> my;yJ mtH mzpe;jpUe;j Milfs; %yk; mtiug; gw;wpa tpguk; kf;fSf;Fj; njupe;J tpLfp wJ. Mdhy; FHMd; ,e;j tptuq;fSf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;gjpy;iy. Vnddpy; FHMdpd; Fwpf; Nfhs; NeHtop fhl;LtNj jtpu tuyhWfisAk; fijfisAk; tptupg;gjy;y. gpwF ,e;jr; nra;jp efH KOtJk; Vd;> ehL KOtJk; jPnadg; guTfpwJ. vq;F Nehf;fpDk; kf;fs; midtUk; mijg; gw;wpNa Ngrpf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. NkYk; kf;fs; jdpj;jdpahfTk; $l;lk; $l;lkhfTk; me;j ,isQHfSf;F milf;fyk; nfhLj;j Fifia Nehf;fpg; Gwg;glyhapdH. mtH fisj; juprpg;gijg; ghf;fpakhff; fUjyhdhHfs;. Mdhy; FHMd; jdJ tof;fj;jpw;Nfw;g ,e;j ,lj;jpYk; -me;j ,isQHfSf;Ff; fpilj;j kf;fspd; tuNtw;G> nfsutk;> fz;zpak; Mfpa tptuq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLtij epWj; jpf; nfhs;fpwJ. Mdhy; FHMd; mOj;jkhff; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,Jjhd;:

c� �Y< � � Y$X(Y� dJ �X�[8]'X9Y.W� X;Z�X.]'Y( �YIX�]uX(J Y�W�]f]KY�]��Y�X.WN Y�X�Y� ]} ]�Y(�c*�� d “,t;thNw mtHfspd; epiyikia CH kf;fSf;F ehk; njupag;gLj;jpNdhk;.> my;yh`;tpd; thf;FWjp cz;ikahdJ vd;gijAk; kWik ehs; epr;rak; te;Nj jPUk; vd;gijAk; kf;fs; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;Lnkd;gjw;fhf ” 34

murhq;fj;jpYk; kf;fsplj;jpYk; Vw;gl;bUe;j ,e;j khw;wKk;> ,t;tsT ePz;l fhyk; fhzhky; Nghd gpd;dH me;j ,isQHfis kf;fs; njupe;J nfhz;lJk; - my;yh`; jdJ thf;FWjpia mjhtJ> me;j ,isQHfspd; Gfio caHj;JtjhfTk; mtHfspd; gjpaq;fis epiyf;fr;nra;tjhfTk; mtHfspd; vjpupfis mlf;FtjhfTk; mspj;jpUe;j thf;FWjpia epiwNtw;Wtjhf mike;Js;sd. NkYk; my;yh`;jhd; ,uitAk; gfiyAk; khw;wpf; nfhz;b Uf;fpwhd; vd;gjw;Fg; ngUk; MjhukhfTk; mit jpfo;fpd; wd. mj;Jld; - kWik ehs; te;Nj jPUk;. mjpy; vt;tpj IaKk; ,y;iy.> kz;ziwapy; cs;stHfis (kuzpj;j tHfis) jpz;zkhf my;yh`; vOg;gpNa jPUthd; ”

35 vd;gjw;Fk; ngUk; rd;whfj; jpfo;fpd;wd! mlf;FKiwiaf; ifahz;l Ke;ija muR ,t;tpjk; mbr;Rtbd;wp mope;njhope;JNghFk; vd;Wk; mlf;fp xLf;fg; gl;l fpwp];jt kjk; kPz;Lk; fpsHe;njOk; vd;Wk; Fifj; NjhoHfs; ,t;tsT ePz;l fhyj;jpw;Fg; gpwF ngupanjhU ‘kz;ziw’ Nghd;wpUe;j FifapypUe;J vOthHfs;.> fz;zpaKk; nfsutKk; ngWthHfs; vd;Wk; murhq;fk; ,U iffisAk; tpupj;J mtHfis tuNtw;Fk; vd;Wk;

34

#uj;Jy; f`;G 21 35

#uj;Jy; `[; trdk; 7

CH kf;fs; midtUk; XNlhbte;J mtHfis Muj;jOtpf; nfhs;thHfs; vd;Wk; vjpHghHf;fg; gl;ljh>vd;d? ,jpy; Fiw\pFyj; jiytHfSf;Fk; kf;fj;Jg; gpuKfHfSf;Fk; gbg;gpidAk; xLf;fg; gl;l> gytPdkhd K];ypk;fSf;F MWjYk; cz;ly;yth? gpwF me;j ,isQHfs; my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lk; cs;stiu mq;F jq;fpapUe;jhHfs;. gpwF epj;jpa kuzk; mtHfis jOtpf; nfhz;lJ. mg;nghOJ mtHfs; kPJ md;Gk; kupahijAk; itj;jtHfs; kj;jpapy; fUj;J NtWghl;Lf;Fk; rHr;irf;Fk; cupa ngUk; gpur;idaha; mtHfs; MdhHfs;. mtHfs; tp\aj;jpy; kf;fspilNa gy fUj;Jfs; vOe;jd. mtHfspd; Gfio epiyf;fr; nra;tJ vg;gb? mtHfSf;F epidTr; rpd;dk; vOg;GtJ vg;gb vd;gJ gw;wp gy;NtW fUj;Jfs; Njhd;wpd!

�kI�Y.X%[ X;Z�X.]'Y( �X�[%X � �X���]x]N X;[bY�X�J X;[�Y%X.Y ]X�[(Y��Y%Y3Y� a�W� R X;Z�Z [;]'X(J X;[�� Y� R X.S]'Y( d]fSWTc3Y%]� X;WbZ�SX�]� \]'Y( �X�[A]']� Y)X�Wfd�� ]>�]? X;Z� �k$ZvX*Y�

“me;Neuj;jpy; (mtHfs; tp\aj;jpy;) kf;fs; jq;fSf;fpilNa jHf;fk; GupayhdhHfs;. ‘mtHfspd; epidthf (FifkPJ) xU fl;blk; vOg;Gq;fs;.>(mjw;F Nky; vJTk; nra;a Ntz;lhk;) ,tHfisg; gw;wp ,tHfspd; ,iwtd;jhd; ed;F mwpe;jtd;’ vd;W rpyH $wpdH! Mdhy; mtHfspd; tptfhuj; jpy; vtHfspd; fUj;J NkNyhq;fpapUe;jNjh mtHfs; $wpdhHfs;: ‘ehq;fs; ,tHfs; (J}q;fpa ,lj;jpd;) kPJ xU tzf;fj;jyk; vOg;GNthk;” 36

,j;jifa MHtepiy> mtHfspd; fhyj;NjhL -mtHfspd; me;j];Jf;F kjpg;gspj;jNjhL-mtHfspd; epidit epiyf;fr; nra;jNjhL Kbe;Jtpltpy;iy. khwhf me;j ,isQHfs; tuyhw;W ehafH fshf> rkaj; jiytHfshf vd;nwd;Wk; kjpf;fg;glyhdhHfs;. mtHfs; tp\aj;jpy; gytpjg; gpupT fSk; FOtpdUk; Njhd;wpdhHfs;. xt;nthU gpuptpdHf;Fk; gy MjuthsHfSk; cUthdhHfs;.

�X�xY�Y� Z�X.Y4a��Z �k8XDY� X;[�[Aa']K X;[�[�W��Y� ��Y*X8Y: ]X��X�xY�Y� X;[�[Aa']K X;[�[9Z �Y� ��]�]�]� ]X��X�xY.Y���Y9XAY� ]X� [;]'X(J \z Y� a0]? X;[�[Aa']K X;[�[%W��]�Y� X;Z�W�c$W9Z Rd}W� X;Z�X.WN Z��Y8[� ]�]N �0X.W']? d}W� [;]'X9Y� �Y� �k$Y<J X;Z�X.WN WGa2Y3X*Y� ]}Y� �k�Wb�]� jU�Y�W�

“mtHfs; %tH.> ehyhtJ mtHfsJ eha; vd;W rpyH $WtH. ItH.> MwhtJ mtHfspd; eha; vd;W NtW rpyH FUl;lhk;Nghf;fpy; VNjNjh $WtH. VONgH.> mtHfspy; vl;lhtJ mtHfspd; eha; vd;W ,d;Dk; rpyH nrhy;tH. (egpNa) ePH $Wk;: mtHfspd; vz;zpf;ifia vd; ,iwtd; jhd; ed;F mwpe;jtd;. mtHfisg; gw;wp rpyNu mwpthHfs;. (epiyik ,t;thW ,Ug;gjhy;) mtHfspd;

36

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 21 - ,e;j trdj;jpd; tpupTiuapy; my;yhkh MY}rp (u`;) mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: kfhd;fspd; kz;ziwfs; kPJ jq;FtJk; mtw;wpd; kPJ tzf;fj; jyk; (k];[pj;) vOg;GtJk; mjpy; njhOtJk; $Lk; vd;gjw;F ,e;j trdj;jpy; Mjhuk; cs;sJ vd;W rpyH thjpL fpwhHfs;. ,J Kiwaw;w> tPzhd fUj;jhFk;.> NfLnfl;l> nry;Y gbahfhj $w;whFk;. Map\h (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J GfhupAk; K];ypKk; e]<Ak; NkYk; mg+ `{iuuh (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J K];ypKk; mwptpj;jpUf;fpwHfs;:

¦%�� )(� >�? !I � : #���%��� ���.� � � )9� R$D�*� ;�{�.AIJ ��A? ��f°� “A+jHfisAk; fpwp];jtHfisAk; my;yh`; rgpg;ghdhf.mtHfs; jq;fs; egpkhHfspd; kz;ziwfis k];[pj;fshf

Mf;fptpl;lhHfs;”Gfhup> K];ypk;> e]h< MfpNahupd; kw;NwhH mwptpg;gpy; ,t;thW te;Js;sJ:

���.x�� P�� �'=� ���q ����J � “,g;gbg;gl;ltHfNs kf;fs; midtupDk; kWik ehspy; kpff; nfl;ltHfshf ,Ug;ghHfs;” NkYk; ,e;j trdj;jpy; vLj;Jiuf;fg;gl;lJ mt;thW nra;Nthk; vd;W cWjpnfhz;l xU FOtpdupd; fUj;JjhNd jtpu Ntnwhd;Wk; ,y;iy. kl;Lky;y mtHfisg; GfOk; tifapNyh mtHfis xU Kd;khjpupahff; fUJkhW J}z;Lk; tifapNyh$l ,e;j trdk; ,lk; ngwtpy;iy. NkYk; mt;thW nrhd;dtHfs; ghtf;fiwapypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;ltHfs; vd;W ep&gpf;fg;glhj tiuapy; - mtHfsJ ehl;lk; xUGwk; ,Uf;fl;Lk; - mtHfsJ nraNy$l Mjhuk; MfhJ> mtHfs; ve;jr; nraiyr; nra;a ehbdhHfNsh me;jr; nray; \uPmj;jpd; eilKiwNa vd;gjw;F! NkYk; mt;thW tzf;fj;jyk; vOg;Gtjhfr; nrhd;dJ jiytHfSk; murHfSk;jhd; vd;W xU fUj;Jk; - fjhjh (uyp) Nghd;Nwhuplk; ,Ue;J - mwptpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,JTk; mtHfspd; nray; kPJ mjpf msT cWjp nfhs;s KbahJ vd;gjw;Fj;jhd; tYNrHf;fpwJ! (&`{y; kMdp ghfk; 5 gf;fk; 21 - 32)

vz;zpf;if tp\aj;jpy; NkNyhl;lkhd KiwapNy jtpu ePH jHf;fk; nra;ahjPH. NkYk; mtHfisg; gw;wp vtuplKk; vJTk; Nfl;fhjPH ” 37

cyfhajf; nfhs;ifia ,];yhk; ntd;wJ! Fifmj;jpahaj;jpd; ehd;F rupijfspy; Kjy; rupijahfpa epiyahd ,e;jr; rupij ,t;thW epiwtilfpwJ. mjhtJ ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; cyfhajj;jpw;Fk; Nghuhl;lk; my;yJ ,aw;iff; fhuzp fis ek;Gtjw;Fk; ,iwtid ek;Gtjw;Fk; kj;jpapyhd Nghuhl;lk; vDk; rupij ,q;Nf epiwT ngW fpwJ. ,iwek;gpf;iff; nfhs;if cyfhjak; vd;fpw rlj;Jt thjf;nfhs;if kPJ ntw;wp nfhs;fp wJ. Mk;> ,aw;iff; fhuzpfisg; gilj;j ,iwtd; kPJ cWjpahf ek;gpf;if nfhs;tNjhL fij KbfpwJ! ,iwek;gpf;ifahsHfshd me;j ,isQHfs; cyfhajg; Nghf;if tpLj;J ,iwek;gpf;ifAld; tho;tjw;Nf Kd;Dupik nfhLj;jhHfs;. ,k;ikg; gyd;fistpl kWikg; NgWfSf;Nf Kjyplk; nfhLj;jhHfs;. Vo;ikAk; tWikAk; cila tho;thapDk; ,iwek;gpf;ifAld; tho Ntz;Lk; vd;Nw tpUk;gpdhHfs;. gpwe;j CiuAk; cw;whH cwtpdHfs; -ez;gHfs; ahtiuAk; tpl;Lj;J}ukhf tho;tij Ak; tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fs;> RfNghfk;> muR kupahij Mfpatw;wpy; ve;jg; ghf;fpaKk; jq;fSf;F ,y;yhj epiyiaAk; Vw;Wf; nfhz;lhHfs;.Mdhy; ,iwtNdhL gpwnghUl;fis ,izahf;fpf; flT shff; fUjp tzq;Ftjw;Fk; kd,r;iriag; gpd;gw;wp tho;tjw;Fk; ghtj;jpYk; tuk;G kPwypYk; vtUf;Fk; JizNghtjw;Fk; mtHfs; Kd;tutpy;iy! kd,r;irapd; J}z;Ljypy; ,Ue;J tpyfp Md;khtpd; Njl;lj;jpw;F te;jhHfs;. mwptpd; Njl;lj;ij tpl;Lk; tpyfp ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; miog;gpd; gf;fk; tpiue;J te;jhHfs;. ,Wjpapy; me;j ,isQHfNs Mokhd mwpTk; J}uNehf;Fk; cilatHfs; vd;gJk; ,Wjp ntw;wp ,iwgf;jHfSf;Nf vd;gJk; cWjpahdJ! ve;j ,aw;iff; fhuzpfis tpl;Lk; tpyfp ,iwtd; gf;fk; XbdhHfNsh me;jf; fhuzpfs; - cyfj;ij tpl;Lk; mtHfs; gpupAk; Neuj;jpy; mtHfSf;F mbgzpe;jd. New;W ve;j murhq;fj;jpd; jz;lidf;Fg; gae;J XbdhHfNsh me;j murhq;fk; mtHfSf;Ff; fPo;gbe;jJ! Fifj; NjhoHfspd; ,e;jr; rupij - <khd;> tPuk;> cW jpg;ghL> mHg;gzpj;jy;> [p`hj;; (,iwtopg; NghH) Mfpa tw;wpd; rupijahFk;. kdpj tuyhw;wpy; - rj;jpa khHf;fj;jpd;> Neupa nfhs;ifapd; tuyhw;wpy; kPz;Lk; kPz;Lk; epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; rupijahFk;. ,aw;iff; fhuzpfs; ,iwehl; lj;jpw;Ff; fl;Lg;gl;litjhd; vd;gjw;Fk; mit ,iwek;gpf;iff;Fk; ew;nray;fSf;Fk; cw;wJiz jhd; vd;gjw;Fk; Mjhukhfj; jpfOk; rupijahFk; ,J! vdNt XH ,iwek;gpf;ifahsd; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba xNu khHf;fk; ahnjdpy;> ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; ew;nray;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; me;j ,iwehl;lj;ij jd; gf;fk; <Hg;gJjhd;! mjd; %yk; my;yh`;tpd; cjtpf;Fk; mtdJ kiwKf xj;Jiog;Gf;Fk; jFjpahdtdhfj; jpfo;tJjhd;! ,uz;lhk; rupijahfpa ,U Njhl;lq;fs; cila nry;te;jdpd; rupijia FHMd; njhlq;F tjw;F Kd;dhy; egp (]y;) mtHfSf;F ,t;thW mwpTiu toq;FfpwJ: “my;yh`;tpd; fapw;iw> mjpf rf;jptha;e;j kpfg;ngupa fhuzpia> cWjpahd gw;Wf;Nfhl;il cWjpahfg; gw;wpf; nfhs;Sq;fs;. ,JNt ,iwek;gpf;if kw;Wk; FHMdpd; ghij ” NkYk; egpatHfSf;F ey;Yiu gfHfpwJ: ,iwek;gpf;if> ,iwtidg; gw;wpa epiwQhdk;> cWjpg;ghL> jpahdk;> JM (gpuhHj;jid) Mfpatw;wpd; %yk; ew;ghf;fpak; ngw;W tho;fpd;w ,iw ek;gpf;ifahsHfNshL el;Gnfhz;L thOq;fs;. cyf ,d;gq;fisAk; mjd; myq;fhuq;fisAk; mtHfs; Fiwthfg; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; rupNa! Mdhy; vtHfs; ,iwek;gpf;ifapoe;J tho;fpwhHfNsh - ,iwtidg; gw;wpa Qhdk;> cWjpg;ghL> ,iwepidT> gpuhHj;jid Mfpa ghf;fpaq;fis ,oe;J tho;fpwhHfNsh mj;jifa mwptpypfSld; ve;j el;Gk; itj;Jf; nfhs;shjPHfs;.> trjp tha;g;Gfis Ak; tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fisAk; RfNghfq;fisAk; ngUk; msT mtHfs; ngw;wpUe;jhYk; rupNa! cz;ikapy; ,J xU nghJthd mwpTiuNa MFk;. FHMid Xjp mjidg; gpd;gw;wp thof; $batHfs;>FHMid ek;gf;$batHfs; vd vy;NyhUf;Fk; cupa ey;YiuNa ,J. ,d;Dk; nrhy;yg;

37

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 22

Nghdhy; ,e;j mwpTiug;gb mky; nra;tjw;Fk; mjidj; jkJ tho;tpy; kyur; nra;tjw;Fk; mjpfk; Njit cilatHfs; ,tHfNs MtH!

z&W/Y9a�� Y� W��Y$Y4a��Z X;[�c Y� ]X�[(X$Y� Y)X�Wfd�� YªY� Y�Y*a2YI X�ZAXo�Y� R ]�.XI�$S�� W��Y.Yha�� ]�Y%X�Z� [$X�Z�[� X;[�X%Y( YL�Y%X.Y( X�[$X9Y� ]}Y� [!Y�XDY� ]X�[$X�Z�[�YIZ�aKW� X)Y( [!YAa']? �Y%a']2a�J X)Y� XªW�[� ]}Y� ��V[�N [M[�X�J ]�]K Y� [M�Y�Yb YªYAc�� Y� �

“”vtHfs; jk; ,iwtdpd; ctg;ig ehb fhiyapYk; khiyapYk; mtid miof;fpwhHfNsh mtH fSld; NrHe;J ,Ug;gjpy; ckJ kdj;ijj; jpUg;jpf;nfhs;sr; nra;thahf. xUNghJk; ckJ ghHitia mtHfis tpl;Lk; jpUg;gNtz;lhk;. ,t;Ty thof;ifapd; myq;fhuj;ij ePH tpUk;GfpwPuh vd;d? ek;ik epidT $Htij tpl;Lk; vtdJ ,jaj;ijg; ehk; guhKfkhf;fp tpl;NlhNkh - vtd; jd; ,r;irg;gb thOk; Nghf;if Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpwhNdh -vtd; jd;Dila nray; Kiwfspy; tuk;G kPwpg;Ngha; nfhz;bUf;fpwhNdh mtDf;F ePH fl;Lg;glhjPH”

38

,JNt - mjhtJ> tho;f;if trjpfisg; ngUf;Fk; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspuq;f rf;jpfs; Mfpa tw;iwf; fhl;bYk; ,iwek;gpf;iff;Ff;Fk; ew;nray;fSf;Fk; my;yh`;Tldhd Md;kPfj; njhlHGf; Fk; Kd;Dupik nfhLg;gJjhd; - tho;f;if trjpfisg; ngUf;Fk; rhjdq;fs; kw;Wk; ntspuq;f rf;jpfSf;F vjpuhfTk; cyfhjak; vDk; rlj;Jtf;nfhs;iff;Fk; mjd; Kd;NdhbfSf;Fk; vjpuhf Tk; NghuhLtJjhd; - cyf tho;f;ifapd; myq;fhuq;fisAk; mjd; RfNghfq;fisAk; jho; thff; fUJtJjhd;> Fifj;NjhoHfSf;F kl;Lky;y xt;nthU fhyj;jpYk; thOk; ,iwek;gpf;ifAk; Qhd Kk; ngw;W thOk; kf;fs; midtUilaTk; nray;jpl;lkhf ,Ue;J tUfpwJ. ,Jjhd; #uj;Jy; f`;/gpd; miog;G! FHMdpd; miw$ty;!

W!X.WN X;[�Y%W3a2Y%W� �Y.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha�� ]�Y�XbY� X;[�X%W� �kD�Y�X�J W!Z �Y%X9c3Y� �Y� 5W� Y�X.Y%X.Y( dc$[8Y� ]}Y� R\]xX ]� Y� i�X.Y: Y�z Y� [gX�Z�Y� “”NkYk; ehk; mtHfspd; gy;NtW gpuptpdHf;F toq;fpapUf;Fk; cyf tho;f;ifapd; RfNghfq;is ePH Vwpl;Lk; ghHf;fhjPH. mtHfisr; Nrhjpg;gjw;fhfNt mtw;iw ehk; mtHfSf;F toq;fpAs;Nshk;. ck; ,iwtd; toq;Fk; tho;thjhuNk rpwe;jJk; epiyahdJk; MFk;” 39

,e;j ,yf;if ikakhff;nfhz;Ljhd; ,e;jf; Fif mj;jpahak; Rod;W tUfpwJ. xt;nthU jpUg;gj;jpYk; mjd; gf;fNk Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ!

cyfhajj; jiytHfSf;Nf fz;zpak; mspf;Fk; fyhr;rhuk;

NkNy nrhd;d ,e;jf; fUj;ijAk; ,e;j capNuhl;lj;ijAk; cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuk; (,jd; jw;Nghija njspthd ngUk; tbtj;jpw;F j[;[hypaf; fyhr;rhuk; vd;Wk; nrhy;yyhk;) NeUf;F NeH vjpHf;fpwJ. Kw;wpYk; NeH Kuzhd jpirapNyNa nry;fpwJ. Mk;> ,e;j j[;[hypaf; fyhr;rhuk; epiynfhz;bUg;gNj cyfhajk; vDk; rlj;Jtf;nfhs;if iaAk; mjd; jiytHfisAk; Gdpjg;gLj;Jtjd; kPJjhd;! mtHfSf;Ff; fz;zpaKk; nfsutKk; mspg;gjd; kPJjhd;!

,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; jj;JtKk; ,yf;fpaKk; - ftpij> fl;Liu> ehty;> ehlfk;> tuyhW> nra;jpj;Jiw cs;spl;l ,yf;fpa tiffs; midj;Jk; msT fle;J Gfo;e;J nfhz;bUg;gJ> ngUk; ngUk; KjyhspfisAk; NfhB];tuHfisAk; cyfhajr; nry;thf;F cilatHfisAk;jhd;! murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu rf;jpfis iftrg;gLj;jpapUf;Fk; jiytHfisj;jhd; msT fle;J Gfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpwJ! mj;jifa jiytHfisf; flTshf;Ftjw;Fk; jd;dpfuw;w - caH me;j];Jf;Fk; NkNy mtHfis caHj;Jtjw;Fk; Kad;W nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ. mtHfisg; gpd;gw;WkhWk; mtHfSf; Ff; fPo;g;gbe;J mbikg;gl;bUf;FkhWk; kf;fisj; J}z;LfpwJ ,e;j cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuk;!

38

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 28 39

#ujj;Jy; f`;/g; 131

,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; milahsk; kpifg;gLj;jYk;; jPtputhjKk;!

,Wjpf; fjp Fwpj;J myl;rpag;Nghf;F nfhz;l ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;ijg; gw;wpAk; mjid KOik ahf Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mjd; fl;lisf;Nfw;g nray;gLk; kdpjidg; gw;wpAk; gpd;tUk; ,e;j trdj;ij tpl mofhfTk; njspthfTk; vtUk; vLj;Jiuf;f KbahJ:

��V[�N [M[�X�J ]]�KY� [M�Y�Yb YªYAc�� Y� �YIZ�aKW� X)Y( [!YAa']? �Y%a']2a�J X)Y� XªW�[� ]}Y� “”NkYk; ek;ik epidT $Htij tpl;Lk; vtdJ ,jaj;ij ehk; guhKfkhf;fpNdhNkh - vtd; jd; kd,r;irg;gb thOk;Nghf;if Nkw;nfhz;bUf;fpwhNdh -vtd; jd;Dila nray;Kiwfspy; tuk;G kPwpg;Ngha;f; nfhz;bUf;fpwhNdh mj;jifa xUtDf;F ePH fl;Lg;glhjPH”

40

tPz;tpuak;> tPzhf;Fjy;> kpifg;gLj;jy;> jPtputhjk; Mfpait> ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; milahs khfTk; mjidAk; mjidg; gpd;gw;Wk; kdpjidAk; ,dq;fhl;Lk; rpd;dkhfTk; Mfptpl;ld. rk;ghj; jpaj;jpy; tPz;tpuak;! cw;gj;jpapy; tPz;tpuak;! tpisahl;bYk; nghOJNghf;fpYk; tuk;G kPwy;! nryT nra;tjpYk; tuk;GkPwy;! murpay; uPjpahd fUj;JfspYk; eLepiy ,oj;jy;! nghUshjhuf; fUj;J fspYk; eLepiy ,oj;jy;!

xd;W> [dehafj;jpy; kpifg;gLj;jy;! my;yJ rHthjpfhuj;jpy; kpifg;gLj;jy;! my;yJ fk;a+dp ]j;jpy; kpifg;gLj;jy;! my;yJ jd;dhy; my;yJ rf kdpjHfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;l rl;lq;fs;> kuG fs;> mikg;Gfs;> tpOkq;fs; Mfpatw;iw msT fle;J Gdpjg;gLj;jy;! -ve;j msTf;nfdpy;> mtw;wpy; ,Ue;J Nuhkf;fhy; msT$l ahUk; tpyfpr; nry;yf;$lhJ. mt;thW tpyfpr;nry;gtd; vt;tsT ngupa Fw;wthspahff; fUjg;gLthd; vdpy;> mjw;Fg; gpwF mtd; vt;tpjr; rpwg;gpw;Fk; kupahijf;Fk; jFjpAilatdhff; fUjg;glkhl;lhd;!

,y;iynadpy;> Ngjikkpf;f> Fog;gk; epiwe;j xUtpjkhd kdf;fpsHr;rp! rPuhd mwpTf;Fk; Neupa ,ay;GzHTf;Fk; Kuzhd> ,aw;ifahd kdpj ,ay;Gf;Fk; vjpuhd xUtpjkhd kdf;fpNyrk;! - xU kdpjd; ,j;jifa kdepiyf;Fg; gypahfptpl;l gpwF ehfupf kdpjHfspd; mzpapypUe;J tpyfp kpUfq; fs; kw;Wk; fhy;eilfspd; mzpapy; NrHe;J tpLfpwhd;! 41

my;yJ Kjyhspj;Jtj;jpy; jPtpukhd Nghf;F! ,t;thwhf ,e;j cyfhajthjpapd; epiy> xt;nthU tptfhuj;jpYk; tuk;G kPwpajhf Mfptpl;lJ. mtd; NjHe;njLf;Fk;-Kd;Dupik nfhLf;Fk; xt;nthd;wpYk; mtd; <LgLfpw ,af;fq;fs;- miog;Gfs; vy;yhtw;wpYk; mtdJ eilKiw tuk;GkPwpa jhfNt Mfptpl;lJ! ve;j msTf;nfdpy;> NeHik> eLepiy> ,Utp\aq;fspy; eLepiy tfpj;jy; Mfpa jd;ikfSld; kpfj; J}ukhd njhlHG$l ,e;j cyfhajthjpaplk; ,Ug;gjpy;iy. ,e;j mk;rq;fs; midj;Jk; kf;fs; midtupDk; kpff; FiwthNt mtdplk; ,Uf;Fk;!

40

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 28 41

kpUfj;jdkhd Rje;jpuk;> Milfisf; fisjy;> Mz;fSk; ngz;fSk; fl;Lg;ghbd;wpg; goFjy; Mfpatw;wpd; gf;fk; miof;ff;$ba ,af;fq;fs; mnkupf;fh kw;Wk; INuhg;gh Nghd;w ehLfspy; cs;sd. NkNy nrhd;d ,e;jg; Gjpa kdg;Nghf;F me;j ,af;fq;fsplk; kpfTk; ntspg;gilahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ. ,Wjpahf ,e;jg; Nghf;F -E}yhrpupaHfs; rpyH `pg;gpfs; ((((Hippies) vdg; ngaupLfpd;w INuhg;gpa ,isQHfsplk; ntspg;gilahf cs;sJ. cz;ikahnjdpy;> cyfhaj the;jpg; Ngjp> mikjpapd;ik> rpe;jidj; jLkhw;wk;> kdf;fyf;fk;> epuhir Mfpatw;wpdhy; gPbf;fg;gl;l xt;nthU fyhr; rhuj;jplKk; ,e;jg; Gjpa kdf;fpNyrk; vLg;ghff; fhzg;gL fpwJ! ,JNghd;w kdf;fpNyrk; xU fhyj;jpy; fpNuf;f ehl;bYk; Nuhkh GupapYk; ,Ue;Js;sJ. NkYk; tptuj;jpw;F- m/g;yhj;J}d; vOjpa [dehafk; vDk; E}iyg; ghHf;fTk;. mjpy; mtH jdJ fhyj;jpa INuhg;gpa ,isQdpd; epiy Fwpj;J mofhfg; glk; gpbj;Jf;fhl;LfpwhH. NkYk; K];ypk;fspd; tPo;r;Rpapdhy; ,t;Tyfk; ,oe;jJ vd;d? vd;w ekJ E}ypy; m/g;yhj;J}d; vd;Dk; jiyg;igg; ghHf;fTk;.(gf;fk; 177 gjpg;G 8)

,];yhkpaf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; jdpj;jd;ik

NeHikAk; eLepiyANk! egpj;Jtg; Nghjidfspy; ,Ue;J ve;j xUtho;f;ifKiw thHf;fg;gLfpwNjh me;j tho;f;if Kiw> NeHik kw;Wk; eLepiy cilaJ vd;Nw tHzpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

�k��Y�]? Y�W�]� Y)X.Y ]�]KY� �X�[�[3axY� X;]�Y� �X�NZ�X*[� X;]� �X�x]2XIJ �]�W� Y)X�Wfd��Y� “NkYk; mtHfs; nryTnra;jhy; tPz;tpuaKk; fQ;rj;jdKk; nra;akhl;lhHfs;. mtHfs; nryT nra;tJ> mt;tpuz;Lf;Fk; kj;jpapy; - eLepiyahf ,Uf;Fk;” 42 ,e;j FHMdpa rKjhaj;jpdiu eLepiyahsHfs; vd;Nw my;yh`; tHzpf;fpwhd;.

X;�X.]'Y( �k$X.Z�Yq >X�[�c��� ]X��Y�Y� Ze�c%�� \]'Y( �U�Y$Y�[q �X�[IX��Y3W� ���Y�Y� ��c�J X;K�Y%a'Y9YD Y�W�]f]KY� ““NkYk; ,t;thNw ehk; cq;fis vy;yhtpjj;jpYk; eLepiyahd rKjhakhf Mf;fpNdhk;. ePq;fs; kf;fs; kPJ rhl;rpak; mspg;gtHfsha;j; jpfo;e;jpl Ntz;Lk;.> NkYk; ,iwj;J}jH cq;fs; kPJrhl;rp ak; mspg;gtuha;j; jpfo;e;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf” 43 egp (]y;) mtHfs; eLepiyg; gz;gpy; KOikahd Kd;khjpupahf tho;e;J nrd;Ws;shHfs;. 44

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45

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49

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47

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51

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50

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53

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 35 -36 54

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 36

Y� YL�c�Y� c;� ¢�]2a�[I X)W� c;� ~l�Y�[� X)W� Y�]x]'Y: #Wfd��Z Y�X�]2]KJ [M[�Z��Yh[� Y�[bY� [![AW<�Yo [!]� ]>�]?��[D ““mtDila ez;gd; mtNdhL jHf;fk; nra;jthW $wpdhd;: cd;id Kjypy; kz;zpypUe;J> gpd;dH tpe;jpy; ,Ue;J gilj;J gpwF cd;id KO kdpjdhf Mf;fpdhNd me;j ,iwtidah eP epuhfupf;fpwha;?” 55

- Mk;! kdpjd; gilf;fg;gl;ljd; ,e;j Muk;gepiy nrtpapy;; tpOtnjd;gJ - jw;ngUik gpbj;Jj; jpupAk; KulHfSf;F vt;tsT frg;ghf cs;sJ! me;j Vio ez;gNdh> ehd; ,j;jifa cyfhajr; rpe;jidf;F NeH vjpuhd <khdpar; rpe;j idapy; nrd;W nfhz;bUg;gjhf me;jr; rPkhdplk; $wpdhd;;:

�k$Y<J \z Y�Z [LZ�Xq� ]}Y� \z Y� � Y�[b a�c%W�]� ““vdpDk; my;yh`;jhd; vd; ,ul;rfd; (vd;W ehd; cWjp nfhs;fpNwd;) vd; ,ul;rfDf;F ahiuAk; - vjidAk; ehd; ,izahf;f khl;Nld;” 56

gpd;dH XH mbg;gil cz;ikia mtDf;F vLj;Jf; $wpdhd;. mJNt ,e;jf; Fifmj;jpahak;; Rod;W tuf;$ba ika ,yf;F! mJ njhLk; tPizf; fk;gp! me;j cz;ik ,Jjhd;: ,aw;iff; fhuzpfSf;F ve;j Kf;fpaKk; ,y;iy. mtw;iwg; gilj;j tDk; - mtw;wpd; cupikahsDkhfpa ,iwtd;jhd; Kf;fpak;! ,d;g tho;itAk; kfpo;itAk; toq;fpf; nfhz;bUf;Fk; ve;j tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fis me;jr; nry;tr; rPkhd; ngw;Ws;shNdh - mtDf;Fg; ngUkpjk; Cl;Lfpd;wdNth mit midj;Jk; ,aw;iff; fhuzpfshy; cUthf;fg;gl;lit my;y. my;yJ me;jr; nry;te;jdpd; iffshy;> mtdJ mwpthw;wyhy; cUthf;fg;gl;litAk; my;y. mit midj;Jk; my;yh`;tpd; gilg;Gfs;. mtNd xt;nthU nghUisAk; kpf cWjpahd Kiwapy; gilj;jtd;! ,e;j cz;ikia mtDf;F vLj;Jiuj;J> my;yh`; tpd; gilg;GfisAk; mtdJ Mw;wiyAk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tjd; gf;fk; mtdJ ftdj;ijj; jpUg;gpdhd;.> ed;wpAk; GfOk; mtDf;Nf nrYj;j Ntz;Lk; vd;W tpNtfj;JlDk; nkd;ik kahfTk; mtdJ ftdj;ij ,t;thW <Hj;jhd; me;j Vio ez;gd;!

� �Z d}W� ]�c�? ]} � �U�Yq �Y� YGa'? Y�Y3c%YD YGa'Y:Y� a�W� ]} X�]�Y� ““eP cdJ Njhl;lj;jpDs; Eioe;jnghOJ kh\h my;yh`;> yh Ft;tj;j ,y;yh gpy;yh`; (my;yh`; ehbaNj eilngWk;. mtdJ Jiznfhz;Nl jtpu ahUk; vJTk; nra;a KbahJ) vd;W Vd; nrhy;ytpy;iy”

57

mj;jpahaj;jpd; [PtDk; rupijapd; jpwTNfhYk;

my;yh`; ehbaJ eilngWk;. mtdJ Jiz nfhz;Nl jtpu ahUk; - vJTk; nra;a KbahJ vDk; ,e;j trdk;jhd; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; [Ptd;! ,e;jr; rupijapd; jpwT Nfhy;! ,jw;F Ke;ija trdq;fspy; - jd;Dila J}jUf;Fk; FHMid XJfpw xt;nthUtUf;Fk; my;yh`; mwpTiu toq;fpapUe;jhd;. mjhtJ> vjpH fhyj;jpy; elf;Fk; vy;yh eltbf;iffisAk; vy;yh Mw;wy;fisAk; - vjpH fhyj;jpy; nra;a ehLk; xt;nthd;iwAk; my;yh`;tplk; xg;gilf;f Ntz;Lk;.> NkYk; xt;nthU ehl;lj;ijAk; cWjpiaAk; my;yh`;tpd; ehl;lj;Jld; ,izj;Nj nrhy;y Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpapUe;jhd;. me;j trdk; ,Jjhd;:

\Y*Y( a0?Y� YGX.�*YI �]�W� Y�c Y� X�Ka��Y� � �U�Y/Y� aJ d}W� �k$]� Y�W�]� �0W(�]N \zIW� �UX&Y/W� c)]�X�xY� ]}Y� �k$YqY� �]fYb X)Y� YlY�a?�� \z Y� Z)Y�W$X�Y� aJ

55

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 37 56

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 38 57

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 39

““ve;jr; nraiyf; Fwpj;Jk; ehis mjid ehd; nra;J tpLNtd; vd;W vg;nghOJk; ePH $w Ntz;lhk;. ($wpagb vJTk; ck;khy; nra;a KbahJ) Mdhy; my;yh`; ehLtNj eilngWk;. vdNt vg;NghjhtJ kwe;J ePH mt;thW nrhy;yp tpl;lhy; clNd ck; ,iwtid epidT $U tPuhf. NkYk; - ,J tp\aj;jpy; ,jid tpl NeHikf;F neUf;fkhdtw;wpd; gf;fk; vd; ,iwtd; vdf;F topfhl;lyhk; vd;Wk; nrhy;tPuhf”

58

,jd; mbg;gilapy; - epfOk; midj;Jf; fhupaq;fspd; rpwg;GfisAk;> ehLk; midj;Jf; fhupaq; fspd; epiwTfisAk; my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; kl;LNk NrHf;fpw kdpjH ahNuh - my;yh`; ehbaJjhd; eilngWk;.>mtd; ehbdhy;jhd; eilngWk; vd;W $WfpwtH ahNuh - jhd; ehlf;$ba - Kf;fpa khff; fUjf;$ba xt;nthW tp\aj;jpYk; ,d;\h my;yh`; (my;yh`; ehbdhy;jhd; eilngWk;) vd;W $WfpwtH ahNuh mg;gbg;gl;ltH ntspuq;f rf;jpfSf;F vt;thW mbgzpthH? vg;gb mtw;iwf; flTshff; fUjp tzq;FthH? ‘nghUSf;Fk;’ mij trg;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gtHfSf;Fk; vg;gb Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLg;ghH? jdJ fbthsj;ij kd,r;irapd; ifapy;; vg;gb xg;gilg;ghH? kh\h my;yh`; - ,d;\h my;yh`; (my;yh`; ehb aJjhd; eilngWk;. my;yh`; ehbdhy; jhd; eilngWk;) vd;fpw ,e;j ,U thHj;ijfSk; ehTf;F ,yFthditjhd;. vt;tpj czHTk; rpe;jidAkpd;wpNa ehT mtw;iw cr;rupf;Fk; msT vspjhditjhd;. MdhYk; ,it ,uz;Lk; fdkhd> mHj;jKs;s> nghUl;nrwpthd thHj;ijfshFk;. FUl;Lj;jdkhd cyfhajg; Nghf;if vjpHf;ff;$ba> kdijAk; kd,r;iriaAk; gpd;gw;Wfpw fPohd Nghf;if Kwpf;ff;$ba thHj;ij fshFk;.

ntspuq;f rf;jpfs; kPJ mjpf ek;gpf;if itf;Fk; cyfhajk;!

Mdhy; ,e;j cyfhaj ehfupfj;jpd; jdpj;jd;ikNa jd;dplKs;s ntspuq;f rf;jpfs; kPJk; rhjdq;fs; kPJk; msT fle;J ek;gpf;if itg;gJjhd;. ,Njh! cyfhajf; nfhs;ifapd; mbg;gil apy; epWtg;gLk; muRfs;>r%f -ehfupfg; nghUshjhuj; jpl;lq;fisj; 59 jPl;lTk; mwptpf;fTk; nra;fpd; wd. mtw;wpy;> ,aw;ifapd; xj;Jiog;GlDk; gUtfhyr; rkepiy mikg;GlDk; njhlHGila jpl;lq; fs; vit vd Muha;e;J mtw;iwf;$l vt;tpj IaKk; jq;FjilAkpd;wp - fhyf; FwpaPl;Lld; gpufl dg;gLj;Jfpd;wd. ,e;jj; jpl;lq;fspd; %yk; ,j;jid Mz;LfSf;Fs; ,d;dpd;d ey;tpisT fSk; yhgq;fSk; fpilf;Fk; vd;Wk; jq;fspd; ehLfs; jd;dpiwT ngw;Wj;jpfOk;.> ntsp cjtpia vjpHghHj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba Njit ,y;iy vd;Wk; cyfhaj muRfs; mwptpf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; ,iwehl;lk; ,j;jifa jpl;lq;fis jtpL nghbahf;fp tpLfpwJ. jpBH Mgj;Jfs; te;J #o;fpd;wd. cilikfSf;Fk; capHfSf;Fk; tpisr;ry;fSf;Fk; Ngupog;G Vw;gLfpwJ. rpy nghOJ gQ;rk; te;J thl;LfpwJ. fw;gidapy;$l cjpj;jpUf;fhj ,aw;ifr; rPw;wq;fs; jpBnud te;J jhf;F fpd;wd. rpy Neuj;jpy;> Xuplj;jpy; kio mbNahL epd;WtpLfpwJ! Ntwplj;jpy; kio nfhl;Nlh nfhl; nldf;nfhl;b nts;sg;ngUf;F Vw;gLfpwJ! mizfs; cilfpd;wd! ,t;thwhf cyfhaj thjpfspd; midj;J kjpg;gPLfSk; jtwhfp tpLfpd;wd. vy;yhj; jpl;lq;fSk; Njhy;tpiaj; jOTfpd;wd!

,iwtid ek;GtJk; mtidNa rhHe;jpUg;gJk;

,e;j ,d;\h my;yh`;Tk; mij cr;rupf;f Ntz;LnkDk; mwpTiuAk; - tho;f;ifapd; rhjhuz khd gzpfSf;fhf kl;Lk; md;whlk; epfOk; rpWrpW epfo;r;rpfSf;fhf kl;Lk; cupajy;y.mjhtJ NeHKfq;fs;> re;jpg;Gfs;> Neuk; Fwpj;jy;fs;> gazq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpw;F kl;LNk gad;glf; $bait

58

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 23 - 24 59

jpl;lq;fs; jPl;l Ntz;bajpy;iy.> fy;tpr; rhjdq;fdpd; mbg;gilapy; cw;gj;jpg; ngUf;fj;jpw;fhd Ma;Tfis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;bajpy;iy vd;g jy;y ,jd; fUj;J. khwhf ehk; nrhy;y tUk; fUj;J ,Jjhd;: cyfhaj rf;jpfspd; ngUf;fKk; Ma;TfSk; ek;ik tuk;G kPWNthuha; Mf;fp tplf;$lhJ. fhuzq;fisAk; mtw;why; tpisAk; fhupaq;fisAk; gilj;j vy;yhk; ty;y my;yh`;tpd; fz;zpaKk; kfj;JtKk; ek; cs;sj;jpypUe;J tpil ngw;Wr; nrd;W tplf;$lhJ vd;gJjhd;!

my;y. khwhf ngUk; ngUk; r%fg; gzpfs;> gpukhz;lkhd jpl;lq;fs;> jPHf;fkhd flikfs; Nghd;w - KOr; rKjha tho;tpYk; jhf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;jf; $ba fhupaq;fisAk; ,it cs;slf;Fk;. vdNt ,e;j midj;Jf; fhupaq;fSk; vt;thW miktJ fliknadpy;> ,iwehl;lNk jPHf;fkhd jPHg;ig ey;ff;$baJ.> cWjpahd Kbitj; juf;$baJ vDk; ek;gpf;ifapd; fPo; miktJ flik. mNj Neuj;jpy; jpUf;FHMd; -egpnkhopfs; kw;Wk; egpatHfspd; tho;f;if Kd;khjpup> egpj; NjhoHfs; tho;e;J fhl;ba topKiw Mfpatw;wpd; mbg;gil apy; ey;y Kaw;rpfSk; ciog;GfSk; Nkw;nfhs;tJ mtrpak;. cWjpahd jpl;lq;fs; jPl;br; nray;gLtJk; mtrpak;.

� �U�Y/Y� aJ d}W� �k$]� Y�W�]� �0W(�]N \zIW� �UX&Y/W� c)]�X�xY� ]}Y� ““ve;jr; nraiyf; Fwpj;Jk; ehis mjid ehd; nra;J tpLNtd; vd;W vg;nghOJk; ePH $w Ntz;lhk;. ($wpagb vJTk; ck;khy; nra;a KbahJ) Mdhy; my;yh`; ehLtNj eilngWk;” - vDk; trdk; jdp egiu Nehf;fp kl;Lk; ciuahlf; $bajy;y. khwhf xt;nthU fhyj;jpd; r%fq; fs;> muRfs;> mikg;Gfs; kw;Wk; epWtdq;fs; Mfpa midtiuAk; Nehf;fp ciuahLfpwJ. ‘,d;\h my;yh`;’itf; filg;gpbf;FkhW midtiuAk; Ntz;LfpwJ. ,Jjhd; <khd; vDk; ,iwek;gpf;if CLUtpg; gha;e;Js;s ,];yhkpar; rKjhaj;jpd; [Ptd;! kiwthd cz;ikfis ek;Gjy; vDk; nfhs;ifapd; kPJ mikag; ngw;w fyhr;rhuj;jpd; mbg;gil! ,Jjhd; <khdpaf; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuj;ijAk; NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; vy;iyf;NfhL! xUjlit me;jr; nry;te;jdplk; - ,iwek;gpf;ifahsdhfpa mtDila Vio ez;gd; ,e;j cz;ikia czHj;J fpwhd;. mjhtJ ew;NgWfs; - ey;tha;g;Gfspd; ,e;j Vw;w jho;Tfs; epue;ju khdit my;y. xUrpyUf;F mjpfkhfTk; NtW rpyUf;Ff; FiwthfTk; gfpHe;jspf;fg;gl;l ,e;jg; gq;fPL khwhj xd;wy;y.> epue;jukhdjy;y. ,aw;iff; fhuzpfspd; fbthsKk; ,t;Tyif MSfpw mjpfhuKk; Vf ,iwtdpd; ifapypUe;J xUNghJk; eOtf;$bajy;y.> vd;iwf;Fk; mtdJ ifapNy jhd; ,Ue;J nfhz;bUf;Fk;. JHg;ghf;fparhyp rpynghOJ ew;ghf;fpathdhf Mfyhk;. ew;ghf;fparhyp rpynghOJ JHg;ghf;fpathdhf Mfyhk;. gzf;fhud; Vioahfyhk;. Vio> gzf;fhud; Mfyhk;. ,t;thW epiyikfs; khw;wk; miltjpy; Mr;rupak; xd;Wkpy;iy. me;j Vio ez;gd; $wpdhd;:

Y�X.]'Y( ]0W�X�[� Y� Y�W3c%YD X)W� �k�X.Y: \Z%Y.W�X�[� a]J \z Y� \Y*Y9]N �k$]�Y� Y� �}�Y� Y�X%W� d0]?]J �YI]� WY�Y� aW��k$X.W9Yo YµZAX�[3]N �U�Y8c*�� Y)W� �kI�YAX*[< � X�]� ��x]�Y� �kA]']V [!]� YªX.W�Y3X*Y� X)]']N �k�X�]� �YbU�Y� YµZAX�[�

““ehd; nghUl;nry;tj;jpYk; kf;fl; nry;tj;jpYk; cd;id tplf; Fiwe;jtdhf ,Uf;fpNwd; vd;W eP fUjpdhy;- vd; ,iwtd; cdJ Njhl;lj;ij tplr; rpwe;jij vdf;F mspj;jplf; $Lk;. NkYk; cdJ Njhl;lj;jpd; kPJ thdj;jpypUe;J VNjDk; Mgj;ij mDg;gf;$Lk;. my;yJ ve;j tpjj;jpYk; cd;dhy; ntspf; nfhzu Kbahj msTf;F mjd; jz;zPH tw;wpg;Ngha;tplf; $Lk;” 60

- ,Wjpapy; mt;tpjNk Mapw;W! gRik epiwe;J fhl;rp mspj;j mt;tpU Njhl;lq;fisAk; -my;yh`; tplk; ,Ue;J mDg;gg;gl;l xU Gaw;fhw;W jhf;fpaJ. vy;yhNk xNu ntl;lntspahfp tpl;lJ. mg;nghOJjhd; ‘Nghijapy;’ Mo;e;jpUe;j me;jr; nry;tr; rPkhd; njspe;jhd;. FHMd; Rl;bf;fhl;LfpwJ:

>X�x[�Y� �Y�WqX�[�[( \]'Y( ��Y�Z��Y: Y&WbY� �Y�X.WN Y�]2XIJ �Y� \]'Y( W!X.d2]K [�_']x[� YµYAXo�]N WMZ�Y8]uZ ]CX.W<�Y� [!]� X)�Y� X;]�Y� �k$Y<]J \z Y�Z XLZ�Xq� X;]� \Z%Y3X.]� �Y�Y%[b �k�W�Y3X%[� ]�]K �Y�Y� � � WX�[� X)W� [!YIX�[�[�X%Y� ��Y.WN �kAax[( i�X.Y: Y� �k �Y�]� i�X.Y: Y�[b z�Yha�� � � �Y�]}Y�a�� Y�W��

““,Wjpapy; mtDila tpisnghUl;fs; vy;yhk; mopf;fg;gl;L tpl;ld. mtdJ jpuhl;irj;Njhl;lk; mjd; ge;jypy; Fg;Gw tpOe;J fple;jijf;fz;L> jhd; mjpy; KjyPL nra;j njy;yhk; tPzhfptpl;lNj vd;w tUj;jj;Jld; jd; iffisg; gpire;J nfhz;L mtd; $wyhdhd;: me;Njh! ehd; vd; ,iwtDld; vtiuAk; ,izitf;fhky; ,Ue;jpUf;ff; $lhjh vd;W! - my;yh`;it tpLj;J mt Df;F cjtp nra;tjw;F ve;jf; $l;lj;jhUk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. jhdhfNt me;j Mgj;ijr; rkhspg; gjw;Fk; mtdhy; ,aytpy;iy. (mg;NghJjhd; Gupe;jJ:)fhupaq;fis epiwNtw;wpf;nfhLf;Fk; mjpfh

60

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 39 - 40 - 41

uk;> cz;ikahsdhfpa my;yh`;Tf;Nf cupaJ.> mtNd rpwe;j gpujpgyd; toq;Fgtd;.> mtdplNk rpwe;j KbT cs;sJ (vd;gJ)” 61

me;jr; nry;te;jdpd; \pHf; - ,izitg;G

,U Njhl;lq;fis cila ,e;jr; nry;te;jd;> Vida ,izitg;ghsHfisg; Nghy; xUtdhf ,Uf;ftpy;iy. mjhtJ rpiytopghL nra;gtd; my;yd;. mg;gb mwptpf;Fk; Neub trdNkh rkpf;iQNah jpUf;FHMdpy;,y;iy. khwhf mtd; my;yh`;it Vw;Wf;nfhz;bUe;jhd;. my;yh`;tpd; kPJ xUtifapy; ek;gpf;if itj;jpUe;jhd; vd;Nw FHMdpd; fUj;Jg; ghq;F mwptpf;fpwJ. mtd; $Wtjhf FHMd; Fwpg;gpLtJ ,Jjhd;:

�kA]']xX%[� �Y�Y%W� �k�X.Y: dY$ZD� \z Y� \]�W� ��X�W�[� X)W�]�Y� “xUNtis ehd; vd; ,iwtdpd; gf;fk; jpUk;gf; nfhz;L nry;yg;gl;lhYk; (vdf;F vd;d Vw;gl;L tplg;NghfpwJ? mq;NfAk;) ,jid tplr; rpwe;j ,Ug;gplNk fpilf;fg; ngWNtd;” 62

gpwF vd; ,iwtNdhL vtiuAk; ,izitf;fhky; ,Ue;Njd; ,y;iyNa vd;W iffisg; gpire;Jnfhz;L mtd; $wpa \pHf; - ,izitg;G vJ? vt;tpj kiwTkpd;wp kpf ntspg;gilahfj; njuptJ vd;d ntdpy;> mtd;; ,aw;iff; fhuzpfis ,iwtDld; ,izitj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mitjhd; ,t;Tyif MSfpw rf;jpfs; vd;W ek;gpf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. jd; nry;tr;nropg;Gf;Fk; Rf tho;Tf;Fk; cupa rpwg;Gfs; midj;Jk; mtw;iwNa rhUk; vd;Wk; fUjpdhd;. mj;jifa rf;jpfisNa KOikahf mtd; rhHe;jpUe;jhNd jtpu my;yh`;it kwe;jhd;. mtdJ Mw;wiyAk; mjpfhuj;ijAk; epuhfupj;jhd;.

,f;fhyj;J ,izitg;G ,JNt ,d;iwa cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuk; Nkw;nfhz;bUf;Fk; \pHf;. ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuk; my;yh`;it epuhfupj;J tpl;L ,aw;iff; fhuzpfisAk; cyfhaj rf;jpfisAk; fiyr;rhjdq;fisAk; flTsH Mf;fp tpl;lJ. fiyty;YdHfs; vDk; Specialists - ];ng\yp];Lfis flTspd; me;j]; Jf;F caHj;jp tpl;lJ. mtHfspd; nrayhl;rpapd; fPo;jhd; ,d;iwa kdpjd; jdJ KOtho;itAk; mikj;Js;shd;. tho;Tk; kuzKk; ew;NgWk; JHg;NgWk; Kd;Ndw;wKk; gpd;dilTk; mtHfspd; if fspy;jhd; cs;sd vd ek;Gfpwhd;. ,t;thW fhuzpfis tzq;FtJk; cyfhajf; nfhs;;iffis - cyfpYs;s kiwKf rf;jpfis tzq;FtJk; ,aw;ifia tzq;FtJk; jdpj;jpwik ngw;Ws;s ty;YdHfis KOf;f KOf;f ek;GtJk; my;yh`;it tpLj;J me;jj; jpwikahsHfisf; ‘flTsH’ Mf;FtJk;jhd; Gjpa rpiytop ghl;Lf; nfhs;ifahf - \pHf;fhf Mfptpl;lJ. Mk;! rpiyapy;yhr; rpiytzf;fk;! cyfpy; njhd;W njhl;L ,Ue;J tUk; rpiytzf;fj;Jld; - ve;jr; rpiytzf;fj;jplk;; ,d;Wk;$l kuG topr;nrhj;J fs;> rpd;dq;fs;> mDjhgpfs;> MjuthsHfs; kw;Wk; gpur;rhufH vd Vuhsk; cs;sdNuh mj;jifa gz;ila rpiytzf;fj;NjhL Gjpjhfr; NrHf;fg;gl;l \pHf;jhd; - cyfhajr; rf;jpia ,iwtNdhL ,izitf;Fk; \pHf;! ,iwtid ek;Gk; nfhs;iff;F vjpuhd - mtDf;F mbgzpe;J tho;tjw;F Kuzhd topjtwpa \pHf;fpy; ,J xU GJtifahd \pHf;! Fifmj;jpahak; ,j;jifa \pHf;if -,izitg;ig vjpHj;Jj;jhd; rthy; tpLfpwJ.> NghuhLfpwJ.> fLikahfr; rhLfpwJ! (cyfhaj thjpfs; epue;junkdf; fUjpf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;) ,e;j cyf tho;f;ifia tpiutpy; fha;e;J gjuhfpg; NghFk; gapuhfr; rpj;jupf;fpwJ FHMd;:

YµYAXo�]N Z�X���� [�]�AYI W!Z ]C]'Y3X:�]N �U�Y8c*�� Y)W� [M�Y%a�YHXIJ �U�Y8]K ]�.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha�� ]0]uY� X;[�]� XlZ�X��Y� \S]'Y( � ]�]KY� [¶�Y�z��� [MX�[�afY� �k8X.W/Yb �k�W$Y3ax[� �UX&Yq _0K

61

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 42 - 43 - 44 62

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 36

““(egpNa) ,tHfSf;F cyf tho;f;ifapd; ctikia vLj;Jiug;gPuhf. ,jd; ctik (g+kpapd; jhtuq;fisg; Nghd;whFk;) vt;thnwdpy;> thdj;jpypUe;J ehk; kioia ,wf;fpNdhk;. mjd; %yk; g+kpapd; jhtuq;fs; ed;F mlHj;jpahf tsHe;jd. gpd;dH vy;yhk; fha;e;J> fhw;wbj;Jr; nry;Yk; gjuhfp tpl;lJ. ,t;thW vy;yhtw;wpd; kPJk; my;yh`; Mw;wy; kpf;ftdhf ,Uf;fpwhd;” 63 mw;g MAR cila -tpiuthf mopaf;$ba ,t;Ty tho;it FHMd; ,t;thNw rpj;jupj;Jf; fhl;L fpwJ NkYk; gy ,lq;fspy;:

� 0K�Y� �c8W� Z�X��� [�]�AYI W!Z ]C]'Y3X:�]N �U�Y8c*�� Y)W� [M�Y%a�YHXIJ �U]�8]K ]�.XI�$�� W�]�.Yha�� 0]uY� �Y8cIW� [�X��� W�]fSY:J �]�W� \Sc3Y< [P�Y9XI��Y� [e�c%�Yb�Y�]� �Y�X.]'( ]X�[�W�]�? X;[�cIJ ��'XbJ c)]� Y� XGY%Y�c�� Y� �Y�]N[�X:[� 0z�]2[I Y�W�]f]K Z§X���Z Y)X4Y� X;]� a�]K �k$X.W�Y< �Yb�Y%a'Y9Yv]N �k��Y�YI X�J ��X.]� �YI[�X�J �

]X�[�d�]2Y3Y� ~PX�]xW� W��Y�|� ““ (ve;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; Nghijapy; kjp kaq;fp ekJ rhd;Wfs; Fwpj;J ePq;fs; myl;rpakhf ,Uf;fpwPHfNsh) me;j cyf tho;f;ifapd; cjhuzk; ,t;thwhFk;. ehk; thdj;jpy; ,Ue;J kio ePiu ,wf;fpNdhk;. gpd;dH mjd; %yk; kdpjHfSk; fhy;eilfSk; cz;zf;$ba g+kpapd; tpis nghUs;fs; mlHj;jpahf tsHe;jd. ,t;thwhf g+kp jd; myq;fhuj;ijg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;sj; njhlq;fp moFw fhl;rp mspj;jJ. me;j tpisnghUs;fs; kPJ jhk; rf;jp ngw;Ws;Nshk; vd;W mtw;wpd; cupikahsHfs; vz;zpapUe;jhHfs;. ,e;Neuj;jpy; ,utpNyh gfypNyh mtw;wpd; kPJ ekJ fl;lis te;J mtw;iw mopj;jJ. New;iwa jpdk; vJTk; mq;F ,Uf;ftpy;iy vd;gJ Nghy; mtw;iw ntWk; rUFfsha; ehk; Mf;fptpl;Nlhk;. ,t;thW rpe;jpj;JzUk; kf;fSf;F ehk; mj;jhl;rpfisj; njspthf tpsf;FfpNwhk;” 64 - ,t;thwhf cyf tho;f;ifia - ve;j tho;f;ifia cyfhaj thjpfs; epue;junkdf; fUJ fpwhHfNsh> cy;yhr tpUk;gpfSk; rpw;wpd;g NeaHfSk; (Epilureans) ve;j tho;f;ifia tzq;fp topgL fpwhHfNsh me;j tho;f;ifia FHMd; ,t;thwhfr; rpj;jupj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ! NkYk; FWfpa fz; Nzhl;lk; cilatHfSk; ntspuq;f rf;jpfSf;F mbikg; gl;bUg;gtHfSk;>tho;f;iff;Fupa msT Nfhyhf- ciufy;yhf vtw;iw ek;gp kjpj;J> mtw;wplk; ngupangupa vjpHghHg;Gfis vy;yhk; itj;jpUf;fpwhHfNsh mit jtwhd msTNfhy; vdf; jpUf;FHMd; $WfpwJ. mj;jifa msT Nfhiyg; gpd;Df;Fj; js;sptpl;L <khdpa ciufy;Yf;Nf - ,iwek;gpf;ifapd; msTNfhYf;Nf Kd;D upik nfhLf;fpwJ!

Y�]� Y�z Y� Y$X%W( i�X.Y: [��YhW�]����� [�]�.W?�YAa�� Y� ]�.XI�$�� W�]�.Yha�� �Y%X�Z� ]X�[%YAa�� Y� >�Y8a����Y�]J i�X.Y: Y� �k �

““,e;jr; nry;tq;fSk; gps;isfSk; cyf tho;f;ifapd; (epiyaw;w)myq;fhuNkahFk;. ePbj;J epw;Fk; ey;y mky;fs;jhd; ck; ,iwtdplk; gyidg; nghWj;Jk; rpwe;jitahFk;. ey;y vjpHghHg; igg; nghWj;Jk; rpwe;jitahFk;” 65

,iwkiwapd; ghHitapy; ,t;Tyf tho;f;if ,t;tplj;jpy; rw;W Neuk; ehk; jhkjpg;Nghk;. ,t;Tyf tho;f;if Fwpj;J FHMdpd; fz;Nzhl;lk; vd;d vd;W Muha;Nthk;. ,e;j tp\aj;jpy; FHMid Kd;dpWj;JtJk; mjdplk; fUj;J Nfl;gJk; jhd; ekf;F ey;yJ. Vnddpy; ,t;Ty tho;T Fwpj;J K];ypk;fspd; mwpTfSk; rpe;jidfSk; jLkhwpg;Ngha; cs;sd. ,e;j tho;f;ifapd; cz;ikahd kjpg;G vd;d> me;j];J vd;d vd;gjpy; Ma;thsHfspd; fUj;JfSk; rpjwpg;Ngha; cs;sd! FHMd; kpfj; njspthfTk; cWjpAlDk; ntspg;gilahfTk; mwptpj;JtpLfpwJ.>,t;Tyf tho;tpd; jw;fhypfj;ijAk; jho;T epiyiaAk; - kW cyfj;jpw;F vjpupy; mjd; kjpg;gpd;ikiaAk;!

63

#uj;Jy; f`;G 45 64

#uj;J a+D]; 24 65

#uj;Jy; f`;G 46

�0X.W']? d}W� W�Y�W:|� \WN ]�.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha�� [��Y3Y� �Y8]N ““cyf tho;f;ifapd; ,d;gq;fs; midj;Jk; kWikf;F vjpupy; vJTNk ,y;iy.> kpfr; nrhw;gNk”

66

�� dW�Y� i�W9]� Y� i�X�]� d}W� �Y.XI�$�� ��Y.Yha�� �Y�Y�]X�[8]'X9Y� �X�[I�]K X�]� �Y�Y.Yha�� Y&Z�]� ]�Y�W:|� Y��c$ “NkYk; ,t;Tyf tho;f;if tpisahl;Lk; Ntbf;ifANk md;wp Ntwpy;iy. epiyahf tho;tjw;fhd ,y;yk; kWik ,y;yk;jhd;! me;Njh! ,tHfs; mwpe;J nfhs;s Ntz;LNk”

67 ,d;NdhH ,lj;jpy;>

� �Y8cI]� �X�[8]'X(W�]� Z0]uY8]K W�]}X��� Y� Z>�Y�X��� \WN i���]�Y� Y� X;�Y%X.Y i�[:�]2Y� Y� ��Y%X�Z� Y� i�X�]�Y� i�W9]� ]�.XI�$�� W�]�.Yha� c;S� [![��YAYI Y��d2�a�� Y�YvX(J ¢·X.Z� i$X�W$Yq il�]fY( W�Y�W:|� \WNY� �k��]�[< X��Y� c;� �­�]2X�[� [M�Y�Y3]N [ X.Z�Y�Z�X�[�[4a�� [��Y3Y� d}� ]�.XI�$�� ��Y.Yha�� �Y� Y� ��Y�X�Z� Y� � � Y)W� ��Y�W2X4Y�

““ed;F mwpe;Jnfhs;Sq;fs;: ,t;Tyf tho;f;if (kWikf;F vjpupy;) tpisahl;Lk; Ntbf;ifAk; ntspg;gfl;Lk; kw;Wk; cq;fSf;fpilNa xUtUf;nfhUtH ngUikabj;Jf; nfhs;tJk;> nry;tq;fs; - Foe;ijfs; Mfpatw;wpy; xUtiu xUtH Ke;jpl Kw;gLtJNk md;wp Ntwpy;iy.(,jd; ctik) vt;thnwdpy; kio nghope;J> mjd; %yk; tpisfpw jhtuq;fisg; ghHj;J tptrhapfs; kfpo;r;rp miltJ Nghd;wJ! gpd;dH mit cyHe;J tpLfpd;wd. mit kQ;rzpj;Jg; gjuhfpg; NghtijAk; ePH fhz;fpwPH. (,jw;F khwhf) kWikap (d;epiy ahnjdp)y; fLk; jz;lid cz;L. ,iwtdpd; kd; dpg;Gk; ctg;Gk; cz;L. Mdhy; cyf tho;f;if ntWk; Vkhw;Wr; rhjdNk md;wp Ntwpy;iy”

68

NkYk; FHMd; ,t;thNw njspthfTk; cWjpAlDk; - ,t;Tyf tho;T kWikf;fhd ghyk; vd;Wk; gzpahw;Wk; fhy mtfhrk; vd;Wk; mwptpf;fpwJ.> NkYk; gy ,lq;fspy;!

��Y8Y( [)Y*X<]J X;[���]J X;[bY�'XAY%W� �Y�d� ��Y%X�Z� Z�X��� \'Y( �Y� �Y%a'Y9YD �cIW� ““jpz;zkhf ehk; ,g;g+kpapd; kPJs;s midj;ijAk; ,g;Gtp (tho;T)f;F myq;fhukhf Mf;fpAs; Nshk;.> ,tHfspy; ahH kpfr; rpwe;j nraiyr;nra;gtH vd;W Nrhjpj;Jg; ghHg;gjw;fhf ”

69 NtNwhH ,lj;jpy;>

[�X�2Y4a�� [HX�ZHY9a�� Y�[bY� ��Y8Y( [)Y*X<]J X;���J X;KY�'XAY.W� ]�]�.Yha��Y� Y�X�Y8a�� Y�]'Y: #Wfd�]�

““mtNd kuzj;ijAk; tho;ifAk; gilj;jhd;.> cq;fspy; ahH ey;yky; Gupaf;$batH vd;W cq;fisr; Nrhjpj; Jg; ghHg;gjw;fhf! NkYk; mtd; ahtiuAk; kpifj;jtd;. ngUk; kd;dpg;ghsd;” 70 NkYk; kW cyf tho;f;ifNa rpwe;jJ.> epiyahdJ vd;W $WfpwJ FHMd;:

X�Wfd'W� i�X.Y: �Y�W:|� [��c$']�Y� i�X�]� Y� i�W9]� d}W� �Y.XI�$�� ��Y.Yha�� �Y�Y�]X�'WxX9Y� ]�]N]� ]X�xc3Y� Y) ““cyf tho;f;if vd;gJ tpisahl;Lk; Ntbf;ifANk jtpu Ntwpy;iy. cz;ikapy; vtHfs; jPa elj;ijiaj; jtpHf;f tpUk;GfpwhHfNsh mtHfSf;F kW cyf ,y;iyNk kpfr; rpwe;jJ. (vd;Nd gupjhgk;! ,t;tsT$l) ePq;fs; mwpe;J nfhs;skhl;BHfsh?” 71 kw;Nwhuplj;jpy;>

X9Y� ]�]NJ \]xX J Y� i�X.Y: � � Y$X%W( �Y� Y� �Y�[3Y%X�Z� Y� �Y.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha�� [�]�3Y8]N �UX&Yq X)W� X;[3X.W�X�� �Y�Y�]X�'Wx

66

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#uj;Jy; md;fg+j; 64 68

#uj;Jy; `jPj; 20 69

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 7 70

#uj;Jy; Ky;f; 2 71

#uj;Jy; md;Mk; 32

““cq;fSf;F toq;fg;gl;bUg;git ahTk; cyf tho;tpd; ,d;gr; rhjdq;fSk; myq;fhuKk;jhd;. Mdhy; my;yh`; tplk; cs;sNj kpfr; rpwe;jJk; epiyahdJkhFk;. (,jidf;$l) ePq;fs; rpe;jpj; Jzu khl;BHfsh?” 72

Mifahy;jhd; vd;nwd;Wk; epiyahd> tpupthd> mRj;jq;fis tpl;Lk; J}a;ikahd> mghaq;fs; ,y;yhj kWik tho;f;ifiag; Gwe;js;sptpl;L - mopAe;jd;iknfhz;l> jw;fhypfkhd> epk;kjpapy;yhj> epiyghlw;w ,t;Tyf tho;Tf;F Kd;Dupik nfhLg;gtHfis ,fo;fpwJ.> ,opj;Jiuf;fpwJ FHMd;!

W��Y�£ X)Y( Y)X�Wfd��Y� �Y�Z �X��I]�Y8aV�Y� ]�.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha��Z �X�[�Y� Y� �YI �U�]xW� ]X�[DX�Y� ]} Y)X�Wfd�� dW� ]X�[A�*a�Y� �X�[I�]K �Y8Z [��c%�� [;[b�Y��Y� Y�W���� ]X�'WN�]� �Y% ““vtHfs; ekJ re;jpg;ig vjpHghHg;gjpy;iyNah NkYk; cyf tho;f;ifapy; jpUg;jp nfhz;L mjpy; KO epk;kjpAk; mile;jhHfNsh kw;Wk; vtHfs; ekJ rhd;Wfs; Fwpj;J guhKfkhf ,Uf;fp whHfNsh mj;jifatHfSf;F (mtHfspd; jtwhd nfhs;if - eilKiw %yk;) mtHfs; rk;ghjpj; Jf; nfhz;bUe;j jPikfspd; fhuzkhf eufk;jhd; Gfypl (khff;fpilf;)Fk;” 73

NtNwhH ,lj;jpy;>

�J ]X�[*YTXA[� ]} X;[bY� �Y�X.WN X;[�]��Y8X(J X;Z�X.]�W� z¡Y�[I �Y�Y3Y%X�Z�Y� �Y.XI�$�� ]��Y.Yha�� [$X�Z�[� ]�]K Y)Y� [��Sc%�� d}W� W�Y�SW:|� \WN X;[�]� Y§X.]� Y)X�Wfd�� Y�W�]� ]X�'Y8X9Y� �X�[I]�K �Y� �0WV�Y Y� �Y�X.WN �X�[9Y%Yo �Y� ]CZAY<Y�

““vtHfs; ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifiaAk; mjd; myq;fhuj;ijAk; tpUk;GfpwhHfNsh mtHfSf;F> mtHfspd; nray;fSf;Nfw;w $ypia ,q;NfNa ehk; epiwthf mspj;J tpLfpNwhk;.mjpy; mtHfSf;F vt;tpjf; FiwTk; nra;ag;gl khl;lhJ. Mdhy; ,j;jifatHfSf;F kWikapy; euf neUg;igj; jtpu NtnwJTk; ,y;iy. cyfpy; mtHfs; cUthf;fpait midj;Jk; mbNahL mope;J Ngha; tpl;ld (vd;gJk;) mtHfs; nra;Jnfhz;bUe;j nray;fs; midj;Jk; tPzhditNa (vd;gJk; mq;F mtHfSf;Fg; Gupe;JtpLk;)”

74 - NtNwhH ,lj;jpy;>

¢$X�W$Yq ~l�]fY( X)W� Y)X�Z�WN�]�a'W� �0X�Y�Y� R�kDY�W( �Y�YIX�[4XAY� Y� � � Z0X.ZAY� X)Y( ]X��$[�Y� Y� W�Y�W:|� \]'Y( ]�.XI�$�� ]��Y.Yha�� ]X��AWhY3X*Y� Y)X�Wfd�� R Y�W�]��� ¢$X.W9Y ~>]�Y� \WN

“rj;jpaj;ij epuhfupj;jtHfSf;Ff; fLikahd jz;lidapdhy; mopT cs;sJ. mtHfs; kWTyfj;ij tpl ,t;Tyf tho;f;iff;F Kd;Dupik nfhLf;fpwhHfs;. NkYk; my;yh`;tpd; ghij apy; nry;ytplhky; (kf;fisj;) jLf;fpwhHfs;. mJ(mtHfspd; tpUg;gj;jpw;Nfw;g) Nfhzyhfptpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; tpUk;GfpwhHfs;. ,g;gbg;gl;ltHfs; topNfhl;by; ntFJ}uk; nrd;W tpl;lhHfs;” 75 - kw;NwhH ,lj;jpy;>

]X�'WN�]� X;Yb W�Y�W:|� Z)Y( X;[bY� ]�.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha�� Y)W� �k�Wb�]� ]X�[8]'X9Y� “,tHfs; cyf tho;f;ifapd; Gwj;Njhw;wj;ij kl;LNk mwpfpd;wdH.> kWTyfj;ijg; gw;wp myl;rpa khf cs;sdH”

76 - NtNwhH ,lj;jpy;>

Y� �YIZ�aKW� X)Y( \d�Y�Y� X)c8Y( X�Z�X(�]NZAY� X)W( d0Y� X)W8Z [;]'X(]J X�[b Y�c Y� dW� Z;a'W9a�� Y)W� X;[�[4]'XAY� Y�W�]� �Y.XI�$�� ]��Y.Yha�� d}W� X�Z�[� X;]� [;]'X(J Y�[bY� W!W'X.#Y$Y3Xb� Z)Y8Z

““vtd; ekJ mwpTiuiag; Gwf;fzpj;jhNdh NkYk; cyf tho;;f;ifiaj; jtpu Ntnwe;jf; Fwpf;NfhSk; mtDf;F ,y;iyNah mtid mNj epiyapNyNa tpl;LtpLtPuhf! - ,g;gbg;gl;ltH

72

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#uj;J a+D]; 7 - 8 74

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#uj;J ,g;wh`Pk; 2 - 3 76

#uj;JH &k; 7

fSila mwptpd; vy;iy mt;tsTjhd;! ck; ,iwtNd ed;F mwpgtd; - jdJ ghijiatpl;L top gpwo;e; jtH ahH> NeH topapy; nry;gtH ahH vd;gij!” 77- ,d;NdhH ,lj;jpy;>

]�]'ZD�Y9a�� ]X��AWh[� �U]}[yYb dW� ��X.Wx]� �k�X�Y� X;[�]{�Y�Y� ]X�[�]fY� Y� ““jpz;zkhf ,tHfs; cldbahff; fpilf;ff; $ba (cyfj;)ij Nerpf;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; mtH fSf;Fg; gpd;dhy; tu tpUf;Fk; xU fbdkhd ehis (kWikia) myl;rpakhf tpl;L tpLfpwhHfs;” 78

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87

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tpyf;F nra;J tpl;NlNd.> cd;idj; jpUk;g miof;Fk; Ngr;Nr ,y;iyNa. cd; taNjh FiwT. tho;Nth NghypahdJ. Mdhy; cd;dhy; tpisAk; mghaNkh kpfTk; tpguPjkhdJ. ma;aNfh! topj; Jizr; rhjdk; kpff; FiwT! gazk; vt;tsT ePsk;! ghijAk; vj;Jiz gaq;fuk;!” 88 cq;fSf;F ,d;NdhH vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUfpNwd;. mJ> ,];yhkpag; Nguurpd; jiyefupy; mjd; MSeuhd egpj; NjhoH Mw;wpa ciuahFk;. fhypj; gpd; cikH my; -mjtp (uyp) mtHfsplk; ,Ue;J mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ. g]uhtpd; MSeH cj;gh gpd; f];thd; (uyp) mtHfs; xUjlit vq;fspilNa ciu Mw;wpdhHfs;. my;yh`;Tf;Fg; GfOk; GfohuKk; rhw;wpa gpwF mtHfs; $wpajhtJ> “mwpe;J nfhs;Sq;fs;. epr;rakhf ,e;j cyfk; KbAk; jUtha;f;F te;J tpl;lJ. tpiuthf fle;J nrd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. ftpo;f;fg;gl;l ghidapy; vt;tsT Fiwe;j ePH vQ;rpapUf;FNkh mt;tsT FWfpa fhyk;jhd; cyfpw;F cs;sJ. ePq;fs; ,q;fpUe;J epiyahd XH ,y;yj;jpw;Fr; nry;y ,Uf;fpwPHfs;. Mifahy; rpwpJ ed;ikfisNaDk; ifNahL nfhz;Lnry;Yq;fs;. Vnddpy; (eufj;jpd; gaq;fuk; gw;wp) vq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjhtJ eufpd; tpspk;gpy; ,Ue;J vwpag; gLk; fy; xd;W vOgJ Mz;Lfs; tiu eufpDs; nrd;W nfhz;Nl ,Uf;Fk;. mg;nghOJ$l mjw;F Mok; jl;lhJ. mt;tsT Mokhd eufk;$l xUehs; epug;gg;gl;NljPUk;. ,J cq;fSf;F Mr;rupa khf cs;sjh> vd;d? ,t;thW Rtdk; gw;wp vq;fSf;Fr; nrhy;yg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; ,U kUq;fpw;Fk; ,ilNa ehw;gJ Mz;L fhy eil J}uk; cs;sJ. xUehs; tUk;.> me;jr; Rtdj;jpy; kdpjHfs; epug;gg;gLthHfs;. (md;iwa Muk;g fhyj;jpy;) egpatHfisg; gpd;gw;wpapUe;j NjhoHfs; nkhj;jk; VO NgHjhd;. mtHfspy; ehDk; xUtd;.(rpy ehl;fshf) ,iyjiofisj; jtpu NtW czT vq;fSf;F ,y;iy. mtw;iw nkd;W nkd;Nw vq;fs; tha; nfhg;gskhfp tpLk;! ehd; xU NghHitiaf; fz;nlLj;Njd;. mjid ,uz;lhff; fpopj;J xU ghfj;ij ]aPj; gpd; khypf;-Ff; nfhLj;Njd;. mjid mtH cLj; jpf; nfhz;lhH. kW ghfj;ij ehd; cLj;jpf; nfhz;Nld;. Mdhy; ,d;Nwh ehk; xt;nthUtUk; ngUk;ngUk; efuq;fSf;F MSeuhf ,Uf;fpNwhk;.- vdJ ghHitapy; ehd; ngupatdhf - ,iwtdplk; rpwpatdhf MFtjpy; ,Ue;J vd;idf; fhg;ghw;WkhW ,iwtdplk; ghJfhg;Gj; NjLfpNwd;. ve;j (egpapd;) egpj;JtKk;> mjd; ghjpg;G (cyfpy; rpwpJ fhyj;jpy;) khw;wk; milahky; epue;ju khf ,Ue;jjpy;iy. (gbg;gbahf khw;wk; mile;J) ,Wjpapy; mjd; epiy mjpfhukhfNt Kbe;jJ. vdNt mj;jifa epiyia tpiutpy; ePq;fSk; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tPHfs;.> vq;fSf;Fg; gpd;dH tUk; mkPHfspd; mZF Kiwia ePq;fs; mDgtpg;gPHfs;.(egpj;Jtj;jpd; tpisthd Nkyhd khHf;f eil Kiwfs; mtHfsplk; ,Uf;fhJ. Kw;wpYk; gjtp Nkhfk; cilNahuha; MfptpLthHfs;) 89

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88

E}y;: ,g;D ifapkpy; n[s]p (u`;) mtHfspd; ]/g;tj;J]; ]/g;th 89

E}y;: K];ypk; ghfk; 2 gFjp: cyfg; gw;wpd;ik

Mdhy; jpUf;FHMdpYk; jpUegpatHfspd; tho;tpYk; thf;fpYk; kWikr;rpe;jid vDk; capNuhl; lk; epiwthf cs;sJ vd;gJk; ,JNt egpj;Jtf; fy;tp xOf;fg; gapw;rpapdhy; mikAk; ,];yhkpa ,ay;G.> ,];yhkpar; rpe;jid vd;gJk; vt;tpj xspTkiwTkpy;yhj cz;ikahFk;! jd;Dila jpl;lKiwfisr; Rje;jpukhfr; nray;gLj;Jk; tha;g;G FHMDf;Fk; egpnkhopf;Fk; fpilj;jhy; - ,];yhkpag; gz;ghLfspy; Cwpj;jpisj;j> Gwj;jhf;Fjy;fspy; ,Ue;J ghJfhf;fg;gl;l xU Gjpa jiyKiwia thHj;njLf;Fk; re;jHg;gk; FHMDf;Fk; egpnkhopf;Fk; fpilj;jhy; - me;jg; Gjpa jiyKiwapd; ,ay;Gk; gz;ghLk; rpe;jidAk; ,t;thNw mikAk;: mtHfs; cyfpy; gw;ww;w epiyia Nkw;nfhs;thHfs;> mjd; myq;fhuq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; mgupkpj khd tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fspy; ,Ue;Jk; tpyfpapUg;ghHfs;.Njitahd Fiwe;j tho;thjhuj;jpy; epiwT fhz;ghHfs;. kWikiaAk; mq;F gadspf;Fk; mky;fisAk;jhd; mjpfk; ehLthHfs;. ,iw tdpd; re;jpg;gpy; mjpf MHtk; nfhs;thHfs;. cyfpd; rhjdq;fis tpl my;yh`;tplk; cs;s mUl; NgWfSf;Nf Kd;Dupik nfhLg;ghHfs;. <khDld; kuzk; miltjw;Fk; ,iwtopapy; capHj;jpahfk; nra;tjw;Fk; Kjyplk; mspg;ghHfs;. -,j;jifa gz;ghl;bd;gb thOk; XH ,iwek;gpf;if ahsdpd; ehtpy; Muk;gfhy K];ypk;fshfpa egpj;NjhoHfs; nkhope;j thHj;ijfs;jhk; mjpfk; ntspg;gl;Lf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;: ehis vd; md;gH fisr; re;jpg;Ngd;. K`k;kj; (]y;) mtHfisAk; mtHfspd; NjhoHfisAk; ghHg;Ngd;” 90

egpj;Jt miog;Gf;Fk; rPHjpUj;j ,af;fj;;jpw;Fk; NtWghL

rpy ,af;fq;fSk; miog;Gg;gzpapy; <Lgl;Ls;s mikg;GfSk; kWikf; nfhs;ifia KOik ahf vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd. mjw;F mofpa Kiwapy; tpsf;fk; jUfpd;wd. kWik ek;gpf;ifapd; jj;Jtj; ijAk; tho;f;ifapy; mJ Vw;gLj;Jk; jhf;fq;fisAk; xOf;fuPjpapy; mjw;Fs;s Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij Ak; tpupthfTk; eakhfTk; vLj;Jiuf;fpd;wd. Mdhy; mjidg; gbf;Fk; Gj;jp$HikAs;s xt;nthU tUk; ,jidg; Gupe;J nfhs;thH: mjhtJ - kWikapd; kPJ ek;gpf;if nfhs;tJ xOf;f uPjpapy; ,d;wpaikahj xd;W.> rPHjpUj;jj;jpw;Fj; Njitahd mk;rk;.> kWikf; nfhs;ifapd;wp rpwe;jnjhU rKjhaj;ij> rPHkpFg; gz;ghl;L newpiaf; fl;bnaOg;g KbahJ.> Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpar; rKjhak; rpwe;Njhq;f Ntz;Lnkdpy; kWikf; nfhs;if kpfTk; mtrpak; vd;W czHe;J nfhs;thH. ,J xU tpjj;jpy; ghuhl;Lf;Fk; tuNtw;Gf;Fk; cupaJjhd;. MapDk; ,J egpkhHfspd; nray; Kiwf;Fk; rpe;jidf;Fk; mtHfspd; gz;ghLfSf;Fk; njspthf khWgLfpwJ. fyP/ghf;fs; vDk; mtHfspd; gpujpepjpfspd; tho;f;if Kiwf;Fk; njspthf ,J NtWgLfpwJ. ,uz;Lf;Fk; cs;s NtWghL ,Jjhd;: egpkhHfspd; nray;Kiwapy; - <khd; vDk; ,iwek;gpf;if> Mokhf czHjy;> Gupjy;> kNdhghtk;> nfhs;if ,it midj;Jk; vt;tsT mOj;jkhfg; gjpe;;jpUe;jd vd;why;. ,it midj;Jk; kdpjdpd; czHTfisAk; rpe;jid iaAk; nray;KiwfisAk; KOikahf Ml;nfhz;bUe;jd! Mdhy; ,e;j mikg;Gfs;> ,af;fq;fspd; epiy vd;d ntdpy;> Vw;Wnkhopjy;> kjpg;gspj;jy;> rl;l uPjpahf Vw;wy; vDk; ntspj; Njhw;wkhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ. egpkhHfSk; fyP/ghf;fSk; kWik gw;wp nka;AUf> ,d;gk; nghq;fg; NgrpdhHfs;. mjd; gf;fk; Cf;fj;JlDk; cWjpAlDk; kf;fis mioj;jhHfs;!

Mdhy; ,e;j ,af;f thjpfNsh> kWik gw;wp NgRk;nghOJ mJ> xOf;f uPjpapy; ,d;wpaikahj xd;W vDk; msTf;Fj;jhd; my;yJ r%f tho;Tf;Fj; Njit vd;w mbg;;gilapy;jhd; my;yJ rPH jpUj;jj; Njl;lk; kw;Wk; xOf;f uPjpahd J}z;Ljy; vDk; msTf;Fj;jhd; mijg;gw;wpg; NgRfpwhHfs;.

Mokhd czHT> cuj;j kNdhghtk; vd;gJ vq;Nf? #o;epiyapd; jj;Jtk;> r%f eyd;fs; vd;gJ vq;Nf? ,uz;Lf;Fk;jhd; vt;tsT ngupa ,ilntsp!

90 nra;apJdh gpyhy; (uyp) mtHfs; nkhope;j thHj;ij. E}y;: ,g;D mgpj; Jd;ahtpd; mwptpg;gpd; gb ,`;ah cY}kpj;jPd;

typik - Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; J}z;Ljy;fs;! egp (]y;) mtHfsplKk; egpj;NjhoHfsplKk; mike; jpUe;j ,j;jifa Mokhd> mOj;jkhd kWik ek;gpf;ifAk; ,t;Tyfj;ij tpl kWikiaj; NjHe;njLf;Fk; jpz;ikAk; kw;Wk; cyf myq; fhuq;fspYk; mgupkpjkhd trjp tha;g;GfspYk; gw;wpy;yhg; Nghf;Fk; - � mtHfisj; jdpikapy; xJf;fp itj;jpltpy;iy. cyif topelj;jpr; nry;tij tpl;Lk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;F topfhl;Ltij tpl;Lk; Klf;fpitj;jpltpy;iy. tho;f;if tl;lj;ij tpl;Lk; tpyfp ,Uf;fr; nra;jpltpy;iy. � nghUshjhuf; fhuzpfisnay;yhk; J}f;fp vwpe;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd mtHfisj; J}z;bltpy;iy. cz;ikf;fhfTk; ed;ikf;fhfTk; Nghuhlhky; cl;fhHe;JtpLk; vz;zj;ij mtHfsplk; tsHj;jpl tpy;iy. � gpe;ija E}w;whz;Lfspy; fhz;gJNghd;W -gytPdj;jpw;Fk; fPolq;fYf;Fk; J}z;LNfhyha; mike; jpltpy;iy! khwhf typik> Kd;Ndw;wk; Mfpatw;wpd; J}z;Ljy;fSs;; xU J}z;LjyhfNt mJ ,Ue;jJ! jPa rf;jpfSf;F vjpuhf mtHfis ntFz;nlor; nra;jJ. tPuk;> Mw;wy;> ntw;wp Mfpatw;wpd; xU gpd;gykhfj; jpfo;e;jJ! cz;ikahnjdpy;> kf;fs; midtupDk; mjpfkhf ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapy; gw;wpy;yhjtH vtNuh> kWik kPJ mjpf ek;gpf;ifAk; MHtKk; cilatH vtNuh> ,iwtidr; re;jpg;gjpy; mjpfj; Njl;l Kk; ,iwtopapy; capHj;jpahfk; nra;tjpy; mjpf MHtKk; cilatH vtNuh mg;gbg;gl;ltHfs;jhk; - cyfpy; kpfg; ngupa tPuHfsha; jpfo;e;Js;shHfs;. rj;jpaj;jpw;fhfg; NghuhLtjpy; mjpf cw;rhfk; ciltHfsha; tho;e;Js;shHfs;. [p`hj; vDk; ,iwtopg; NghHfspYk; ,];yhj;jpw;F ntw;wpfisf; Ftpg;gjpYk; vy;NyhiuAk; tpl mjpfg; gq;fspg;ig ey;fpAs;shHfs;! ,JNt ,e;j kWikf;nfhs;ifapd; rpwg;Gf;Fzk;. ,J ,aw;ifahfNt tPuk;> jpwik> Kd;Ndw;wk;> cyf tho;itj; Jr;rkhff; fUJtJ> kd,r;irfis mlf;FtJ Nghd;w jd;ikfis kdpjdplk; cUthf;fp tpLfpwJ! ,e;j kWikf; nfhs;ifapd; gpd;dzpapy;jhd; ,];yhj;jpd; tsHr;rpAk; ntw;wp Ak; vOr;rpAk; mike;Js;sJ vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy!

kWik ek;gpf;iff;Fk; Jwtwj;Jf;Fk; njhlHgpy;iy!

vdNt kWik ek;gpf;if vd;fpw ,e;jf; nfhs;iff;F- cyf tho;T gw;wpa FHMdpd; ,e;jf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpw;F> ntWj;J xJf;fg;gl;l Jwtwf; nfhs;ifNahL ve;jj; njhlHGk; ,y;iy. jpUf; FHMdhy; kWj;Jiuf;fg;gLtJjhd;> epuhfupj;Jj; js;sg;gLtJjhd; ,e;jj; Jwtwk;! ,];yhkpag; Nghjidfs; gytPdk; mile;j gpd;dH Njhd;wpaJjhd; - nghw;fhynkdr; ew;rhd;W toq;fg;gl;l Muk;g E}w;whz;LfSf;Fg; gpwF ,];yhkpa cyfpy; jiynaLj;jJjhd; ,e;jj; Jwtwg; Nghf;F! fpwp];Jtk;> Gj;jkjk;> gpuhkzpak;> New Pilatonism � Nghd;w me;epa fUj;Jfs; kw;Wk; Gwj; jj;Jj;Jtq;fs; Mfpatw;wpd; jhf;fj;jpdhy; cUthdJjhd; ,e;jj; Jwtwk;! ,jNdhL kWikf; nfhs;iff;F vt;tpjj; njhlHGk; ,y;iy. kWikf; nfhs;if vd;gJ> ,t;Tyf tho;f;ifapd; cupikiag; gho;gLj;jhkYk; mjd; rupahd kjpg;ig epuhfupf;fhkYk; kWTyfj;jpw;F Kd;Dupik nfhLg;gjd; kPJ epiynfhz;ljhFk;. kWTy fj;jpd; topapy; cz;ikf;fhfTk; ed;ikf;fhfTk; NghuhLtjd; kPJ mike;jjhFk;. epiyahd kWikg;NgWfis milAk; nghUl;L jw;fhypfkhd - mopAk; jd;ik nfhz;l ,d;gq;fisj; jpahfk; nra;tjd; kPJk; my;yh`;tpd; ctg;igj; NjLtjd; kPJk; mikag; ngw;wjhFk;. K];ypk;fs; ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghl;by; gytPdg;gl;l fhuzj;jhy;jhd; ,d;W mtHfsplk; vj;jidNah gytPdq;fs; Njhd;wpAs;sd vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. kd ,r;irfSf;Fk; mgpyhirfSf;Fk; ,iuahfp tpl;bUf;Fk; ,d;iwa Gjpa jiyKiw apduplk; kWik ek;gpf;if vDk; Nfhl;ghl;il kPz;Lk; GJg;

�

gpshl;Nlh vd;w gz;ila fpNuf;f mwpQdpd; Md;k Neak; jOtpa Gjpa Nfhl;ghL (nkhopngaHj;Njhd;)

gpg;gJ kpfTk; NjitahFk;.Vd; midj;J K];ypk;fsplKk; gpur;rhuk; nra;J kPz;Lk; mf;nfhs;ifia mtHfspd; cs;sj; jpy; gRikg; gLj;JtJ kpfkpf ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. K];ypk;fs; ,t;Ty tho;f;ifia FHMdpd; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpd;gb kjpg;gpl;L tho;f;ifia mikj;Jf; nfhs;shj tiuapy; mtHfspd; juhR rkkhfhJ. mtHfspd; <khd; - ,iwek;gpf;if KOik ngwhJ! - kWik gw;wpa ,j;jifa fUj;ijj;jhd; cyfhajr; rpe;jid kWf;fpwJ. ‘tho;f;ifiaf;’ flT nsdf; fUjp tzq;fp topglf;$ba -mjd; ,d;gq;fSf;Fk; Rf Nghfq;fSf;Fk; gpd;dhy; Rw;wpj; jpupaf;$ba -tho;f;ifia cy;yhrkhf nrhFrhf Mlk;gukhf mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;NghJk;.> mjw;F mg;ghy; vJTkpy;iy vd;W fUjf;$ba cyfhajj; jj;Jtq;fs; ,e;j kWikf; nfhs;ifAld; fLikahf Kuz;gLfpwJ.> NkhJfpwJ! ,j;jifa cyfhajr; rpe;jidiaj;jhd; Fifmj;jp ahak; kWj;Jiuf;fpwJ. ,e;j cyfhajg; Nghf;ifAk; mij topelj;jpr; nry;Yk; jiytHfisAk; fLikahff; fz;bf;fpwJ.cyf tho;f;if apd; ajhHj;j epiyia vtuJ tpUg;igAk; ntWg;igAk; nghUl;gLj;jhky; cs;sJ cs;sgb kpfr; rupahfg; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;LfpwJ!

%]h %]h %]h %]h ---- fps;H rupijfps;H rupijfps;H rupijfps;H rupij ,g;nghOJ %d;whtJ rupijahfpa %]h - fps;H rupijiaj; njhlq;FfpNwhk;. ,J ehk; thOk; cyfk;> cyf tho;T gw;wpa fij! ,e;jf;fij nray;tbtpy; - kpfj; njspthd Kiwapy; ,e;j cz;ikfis cWjpg;gLj;JfpwJ: mjhtJ> ,e;j cyfpy; mwpe;J nfhs;sg;gl;l-,e;j tho;f;ifapy; Gupe;Jnfhs;sg;gl;l tp\aq;fSf;F mg;ghy; mwpag;glhj tp\aq;fs; Vuhsk;. kdpjd; - jw;fhyj;jpy; thOk; vt;tsT ngupa kdpjd; vd;whYk; rupNa> mtd; mwpe;jpUf;Fk; tp\aq;fis tplTk; mwpahj tp\aq;fs;jhd; mjpfk;! jhd; fhz;fpw> czHfpw tp\aq;fspd; mbg;gilapy;jhd; jdJ jPHg;ig kdpjd; mikj;Jf; nfhs;fpwhd;. mjdhy;jhd; mjpf msT jtWfpwhd;. jlk; GuSfpwhd;! tho;f;ifapd; ajhHj;j epiyfs; mtDf;Fg; Gupate;jhy; - ,ufrpaq;fSk; me;juq;f epiyfSk; mtDf;Fj; njupate;jhy; mtDila fUj;Jfs; ngUk; msT khwptpLk;. jdJ jPHg;GfisNa mtd; khw;wpf;nfhs;s NeupLk;!

,e;jf; fijapd; %yk; NkYk; ep&gpf;fg;gLfpwJ: kdpj dpd; fUj;Jfs;> jPHg;Gfs;> mtDila tpUg;gq;fs;> kd epiwTfs; Mfpa vjd; kPJk; vt;tpj cWjpAk; nfhs;s KbahJ. NkYk; gue;J tpupe;j ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;ij KOikahfg; Gupe;Jnfhs;s KbahJ. vdNt vjidg; gw;wpj; jPHg;G mspg; gjhdhYk; mjpy; mtruk; MfhJ. fUj;Jfspy; gpbthjk; $lhJ!

,e;j tho;f;if njsptw;wJ.> xd;Wf;Fs; xd;whfg; gpd;dpg; gpize;jJ.> MokhdJ! ,e;jg; Nguz;lk; gue;J tpupe;jJ. me;juq;fj;jpw;Fk; ntspuq;fj;jpw;Fk; mjpf NtWghL cs;sJ. KbTf;Fk; njhlf;fj;jpw;Fk; ngupa Kuz;ghL cs;sJ! ,e;j tho;f;if GjpHfs; epiwe;jJ. kdpjd; vt;tsTjhd; Gj;jpf;$Hik cilatdhf - tp\a QhdKk; mwpTj; jpwDk; kpf;ftdhf ,Ue;jhYk; mtdhy; ,e;jg; GjpHfis tpLtpf;f Kbtjpy;iy!

,NjNghy; ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;jpy; gw;gy Kbr;RfSk; rpf;fy;fSk; cs;sd.kdpj mwpT vt;tsTjhd; ngUfpapUe;jhYk; cr;repiy mile;jpUe;jhYk; kdpjdhy; ,e;j Kbr;RfSf;Fk; rpf;fy;fSf;Fk; njspT fhzKbtjpy;iy. ekJ md;whl rhjhuz tho;f;ifia vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mq;Nf ntspg;gilahd jtWfs; epiwa cs;sd. mtru Nfhyj;jpy; ms;spj;njspf;fg;gLk; jPHg;Gfs; mlHe;Js;sd! vz;zhJ vLj;Jitf; Fk; vl;LfSk; mtru Nfhyj;jpy; ms;spj; njspf;fg;gLk; fUj;JfSk; mjpfk; cs;sd!

gue;J tpupe;j ,t;Tyfj;ij epHtfpf;Fk; nghWg;G kdpj mwptplk; xg;gilf;fg;gl;lhy; -KOikahd Rje;jpuKk; vy;iyapy;yh mjpfhuKk; kdpj mwpTf;F toq;fg;gl;lhy; mfpyk; KOtijAk; kdpjd; rPuopj;J tpLthd;. tpisepyq;fisAk; capupdq;fisAk; mopj;njhopj;J tpLthd;. Vnddpy;> mtdJ rpe;jid FWfpaJ. mtdJ nray;j;jpwd; tiuaiwf;F cl;gl;lJ! kdpjd; mtruf;fhudhfg; gilf;fg;gl;Ls;shd;. mtruKk; nghWikf; FiwTNk mtdJ ,ay;ghf cs;sJ!

,e;j cz;ikia ep&gpf;fNt...! ,e;j kfj;jhd cz;ikia ep&gpg;gjw;fhf - vy;yh kjq;fSf;Fk; mbg;gilahd> <khd; gpy; /ifg; � vDk; kiwthd Qhdq;fis ek;Gjy; vDk; Nfhl;ghl;Lf;Fk; mbj;jskhfj; jpfof;$ba ,e;jg; NgUz;ikia ep&gpg;gjw;fhf my;yh`; xUkhkdpjiuj; NjHTnra;jhd;. mtUf;F mwpT QhdKk; mjpfk; toq;fg;gl;bUe;jJ. ew;ghf;fpaq;fSk; eyd;fSk; mjpfk; mUsg;gl;bUe;jd. mtH jhk; kdj; jpz;ikkpf;f ,iwj;J}jHfSs; xUtuhd egp %]h(miy) mtHfs;! %]h egpatHfs; xUjlit gD} ,];uhaPy;fs; kj;jpapy; nrhw;nghopT epfo;j;jpdhHfs;. mg;nghOJ> kdpjHfspNyNa mjpfk; mwpe;jtH ahH? vd;W mtuplk; tpdtg;gl;lJ. mjw;F %]h ‘ehd;’ vd;W gjpy; mspj;jhHfs;. ‘my;yh`; kpf mwpe;j td;’ vd;W gjpy; mspf;fhjjhy; my;yh`; %]h egpiaf; fz;bj;jhd;. ,U fly;fs; rq;fkpf;Fk; XH ,lj;jpy; ck;ik tplTk; mjpfk; mwpe;j XH mbahH ,Uf;fpwhH vd;W %]hTf;F my;yh`; t`p mDg;gpdhd;. 91

jpiff;f itj;j nray;fs; me;j mbahUld; %]h egpapd; gazk; njhlq;fpaJ. mtUf;F my;yh`; jdJ gpuj;jpNaf mUis toq;fpapUe;jhd;. Qhdj;ijAk; mtUf;Ff;; fw;Wf; nfhLj;jpUe;jhd;. me;jg; gazj;jpy; %]h egpapd; mwpTk; GyikAk; rpe;jidAk;> njspthdNjhH cz;ikAld; Kuz;gLfpwJ. ntspuq;fj;jpd; Jiz Ald; mike;j mtHfspd; fUj;J> mtHfs; mwpahjpUe;j vjhHj;j epiyNahL NkhJk; epiy %d;W jlit Vw;gLfpwJ: mtHfs; ,UtiuAk; Rke;J nrd;w fg;giy fps;H jpBnudj; JisNghlj; njhlq;fpdhH. mjd; cupikahsNuh mt;tpUtiuAk; fl;lzkpd;wp gazk; nra;a mDkjpj;jpUe;jhH. mjw;fhf mtUf;F ifkhW nra;tjw;F NeH vjpuhd nraypy; fps;H ,wq;fpdhH. mtuJ nray;> fg;gypy; mikjpahfg; gazk; nra;J nfhz;bUe;j kf;fis %o;fr; nra;af; fhuzkhfptpLNkh vd;W %]hTf;Fj; Njhd;W fpwJ! gupRj;jkhd rpWtd; xUtid fps;H nfhiy nra;fpwhH. mtNdh mtDila jha; je;ijaNuh %]hTf;Fk; fps;Uf;Fk; vt;tpjj; jPq;Fk; nra;atpy;iy. mjw;F NeHkhwhf- fPNo tpoapUe;j RtH xd;iw fps;H rup nra;J epWj;JfpwhH. mjw;Ff; $yp vJTk; thq;ftpy;iy. me;epfo;r;rp XH Cupy; ele;jJ. mt;t+H kf;fs; mt;tpUtUf;Fk; tpUe;J mspj;J cgrupf;ftpy;iy. mtHfspd; jFjp mwpe;J ele;J nfhs;stpy;iy. ,it midj;Jk; fps;H %yk; ntspg;gl;l E}jdkhd nray;fshFk;. ,itjhk; %]h egpf;F Mr;rupaj;ijAk; jpfpiyAk; Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd. xUKiwf;Fg; gyKiw Ml;Nrgpf;fTk; Nfs;tp Nfl;fTk; mtHfisj; J}z;Lfpd;wd. mt;tpUtiuAk; Rke;J te;j fg;gy; njhlHghf nra;jpUf;f Ntz;ba Kiw vd;d? mjidg; ghJ fhf;f Ntz;Lk;.> mjd; eydpy; mf;fiu nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mNjNghy fg;gypd; cupikahsH mt;tpUtUf;Fk; cjtp nra;jhH. mjw;Ff; ifkhwhf mtuJ eyidg; NgzpapUe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ed;wp nrYj;jg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. gupRj;jkhd mofpa me;jr; rpWtdplk; ele;J nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;ba Kiw vd;d? mtd; kPJ md;G nrYj;jpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtDf;Ff; fy;tpAk; xOf;fKk; mspj;J mtidg; ghJfhj;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;. Mdhy; me;jf; fpuhkj;J kf;fSf;Fj;jhd; vt;tpj cjtpAk; nra;jpUf;ff; $lhJ. mtHfspd; cilikfisg; ghJfhf;f Mty; nfhs;shky; ,Ue;jpUf;fNtz;Lk;. Vnd dpy; mtHfs;jhk; %]h - fps;uplk; kpff;fLikahf kdpjg; gz;ghbd;wp fuLKulhf ele;Jnfhz;lhHfs;. kPjkhd czTg; nghUl;fisf;$l mtHfSf;Ff; nfhLj;J cjthky; fQ;rj;jdk; nra;jhHfs;.

� /ifg; vDk; nrhy; nghJthf kdpjg; Gyd;fis tpl;L kiwthf epw;fpw> kdpjdpd; mDgtj;jpw;Fk; Muha;r;rpf;Fk; cl;glhj rpy cz;ikfisf; Fwpg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> ,iwtdpd; cs;sik> mtDila Fzq;fs;> kyf;Ffs;> t`p vDk; ,iwaUl; nra;jp> Rtdk;> eufk; Nghd;wit. (nkhopngaHj;Njhd;) 91

E}y;: Gfhup ghfk; 2 gFjp: j/g;rPH

Mdhy; fps;Nuh> mwpthHe;j - midtuhYk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpw ,e;j nray;Kiwf;F khw;wkhf elf;fpwhHfs;. ,e;j %d;W #o;epiyfspYk; mtHfs; vLj;j epiyg;ghl;il mwpTk; Vw;Wf; nfhs;t jpy;iy. jj;Jt ,aYk; mjw;F JiztUt jpy;iy. ,ay;GzHTk; mijr; rupfhz;gjpy;iy. egpAk; u]_Ykhfpa Nuh\kpf;ftuhd %]h egp mtHfshy; ,e;j E}jdkpf;f eltbf;iffisg; nghWj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;f Kbatpy;iy. jhk; mspj;j thf;FWjpia kwe;J tpLfpwhH. kWg;igAk; Ml;NrgidiaAk; ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy; tpiufpwhH. mtru mtrukhf mJ gw;wp tpdhj;njhLf;fpwhH:

�k�a�[I ���X.Yq YGa�ZD X$]x]� ““kpfTk; jPanjhU nraiy ePH nra;Jtpl;BNu!” 92

Mr;rupakhd jj;Jtq;fs;! %]h egpapd; tpdhf;fSf;F gjpy; mspj;J kdepiwT Vw;gLj;Jtij fps;H js;spg;NghLfpwhH. mikjpAlDk; epjhdj;JlDk; jkJ jpl;lg; gzpapNyNa njhlHfpwhH. ,Wjpapy; gazk; jdJ epHza ,yf;if mile;J epiwtilfpwJ. mjd; gpwFjhd; mk;%d;W gpur;idfSf;F - %]h egpf;Fk; FHMdpd; ,e;jf; fijia xUKiw gbf;Fk; xt;nthUtUf;Fk; jpifg;igAk; Mr;rupaj;ijAk; Vw;gLj;Jk; me;jg; gpur;idfSf;F fps;H tpsf;fk; mspf;fpwhH!

njspthfj; njupatUk; cz;ik ,Jjhd;: fps;H midj;ijAk; rupahfr; nra;gtuhfNt cgfhup ahfNt ,Ue;jhH. mk;%d;W eltbf;iffspYk; Ez;zwpNthLjhd; nray;gl;Ls;shH. cgfhuk; nra;a Ntz;ba ,lj;jpy; cgj;jpuk; nra;atpy;iy. cgj;jpuj;jpw;Fg; gjpy; cgfhuk; nra;jpltpy;iy.

fg;gypy; JisNghl;L mjd; %yk; fg;gypd; cupikahsUf;F cgfhuk;jhd; nra;jhHfs;. mgfupf; fg;gLtjpy; ,Ue;J fg;giyg; ghJfhj;jhHfs;. Vnddpy; me;jf; fg;gYf;F mg;ghy; - me;jf; fiuapy; XH murd; ,Ue;jhd;. FiwNaJkpy;yhj ey;y fg;gy;fisnay;yhk; mgfupj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhd;. mjdhy;jhd; (fg;giyj; JisNghl;Lf; Fiwg;gLj;jp mgfupf;fg;glhky; ghJfhj;J) mjd; cupik ahsupd; cgfhuj;jpw;Fk; cjtpf;Fk; ifkhW nra;jhHfs; fps;H mtHfs;! rpWtidf; nfhiy nra;jjd; %yk; mtDila jha; je;ijaUf;F cgfhuk; nra;jhHfs;. Vnd dpy; me;jr; rpWtd; mt;tpUtUf;Fk; ngUk;Nrhjidahf mike;jpLthNdh - ,UtiuAk; epuhfupg;gpYk; mopr;rhl;baj;jpYk; Mo;jptpLthNdh vd;W mQ;rg;gl;lJ! fps;H rpe;jpj;jhHfs;: rpwpJ Neuj;jpw;F mOtJ tho;ehs; KOtJk; mjd; gpwFk; mOJ nfhz;b Ug;gij tpl vt;tsNth rpwe;jJ. NkYk; rpWtdpd; ,og;Gf;F <L cz;L. ,iwek;gpf;iff; Fk; ey;y KbTf;Fk; <NlJTk; fpilahJ. FHMd; ,jid ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

XA�� a]� �YIX�Y��]N �k�a2K Y� �kI�Y.X4V �Y8[�]xWbX��� aJ �Y%X.W/YT]N Z)X.Y%W�Xy[� [M�Y�Y ]� ]�]�]N [P]�[4a�� �c�J Y��k8X<[� YlY�a?J Y� ���]KY� [!X%W� �k�X.Y: �Y8[�� Y� �Y8[�]�W$ ““(fps;H $wpdhH) me;jr; rpWtdpd; tp\ak; vd;dntdpy;> mtDila jha; je;ijaH ,UtUk; ek;gpf;ifahsuhf ,Ue;jdH. mtd; jdJ mj;JkPwyhYk; epuhfupg;gpdhYk; mt;tpUtUf;Fk; rpukk; nfhLg;ghNdh vd;W ehk; mQ;rpNdhk;. Mifahy; mtHfspd; ,iwtd; mr;rpWtDf;F gjpyhf mtid tplTk; rpwe;j - FLk;g cwTfisg; Ngzf;$ba gps;isfis mtHfSf;F toq;fpl Ntz;Lnkd ehk; tpUk;gp Ndhk;“

93

fPNo tpOk; epiyapypUe;j me;jr; Rtiur; rupnra;J epWj;jpdhH fps;H. Vnddpy;> mJ ey;y jha; je;ijaUf;Fg; gpwe;j ,U mehijr; rpWtHfSf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd RtH. mjw;Ff; fPNo me;jr; rpWtH fSf;Fupa Gijay; xd;W Gijf;fg; gl;bUe;jJ. jpBnud me;jr; RtH ,be;J fPNo tpOe;J tpl;lhy; mbapy; Gijay; ,Ug;gjd; ,urpak; mk;gykhfptpLk;. jpUlHfSk; nfhs;isf;fhuHfSk; mjidr; #iwahb tpLthHfs;. gpwF me;jr; rpWtHfs; ,UtUk; Mjutw;w epiyf;F Mshf Neupl;L tpLk;!

92

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 74 93

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 80 - 81

,q;Nf ,d;NdhH cz;ikAk; njspthfpwJ: ey;yky; nra;tnjd;gJ> cyf tho;tpYk; kuzj; jpw;Fg; gpwFk; ew;gad; toq;f ty;yjhFk;. XU ey;y kdpjdpd; gps;isfisNa my;yh`; tPzhf;f khl;lhd; vDk;nghOJ me;j ey;y kdpjid vjw;fhf tPzhf;fg; Nghfpwhd;! FHMd; $WfpwJ:

Y)X.Z%�*Xh[8a�� Y�XDJ [ªX.W1[� ]} � � dW� ““ey;y mky; GupNthupd; $ypia jpz;zkhf my;yh`; tPzhf;f khl;lhd;” 94

kw;NwhH ,lj;jpy;>

\]uXI� X�J ~�]K]� X)W� X;�X%W� ~0W��Y( ]0Y8Y( [ªX.W�� ]} \zI]� X;[�� Y� X;[�]� Yl�YvY3X��]N ““mtHfspd; ug;G - mjpgjp mtHfSf;F gjpy; mspj;jhd;: cq;fspy; ey;y mky; nra;NthH vtuJ $ypiaAk; - mtH MzhapDk; ngz;zhapDk; rup - ehd; tPzhf;f khl;Nld;” 95

ey;y tpijfs; ey;y tpisr;riyNa nfhLf;Fk;.> vt;thW nfl;l tpijfs; nfl;l tpisr;riyf; nfhLf;fpwNjh mJNghy! FHMd; $WfpwJ:

Y��Yo �Y8[bX�[ J ]�]KY� �Y8[�]� iHX%]K [!Y3aº ]�]K Y� W�Y%X�W$Y8a�� \WN Z)X.Y8X.W3Y� Z)X.Y�]�[4W� ]�]�]N [��Y$Zva�� �c�]J Y� �Y8Ybc$[qJ �Y4'XAc� aJ Y�� Y� Y��Y��]N �khW�#Z�X�J X)Y( [![3a'Y9]N �Y�Y� Y�z c� X)W� ��Y8X<Y� �Y8[bYHX%]K �YDZ�XTY3X*Y� �k�XAYo W!X.W'Y( XªW�Y3X*Y� X;]� �Y� 0X�Z��Y� Y�W�]�

““me;jr; Rtupd; tp\ak; ahnjdpy;> mJ me;j CupypUe;j ,U mehijr; rpWtHfSf;FupaJ. mjd; mbapy; mtHfSf; Fupa Gjay; xd;W ,Ue;jJ. mt;tpUtupd; je;ij ey;y kdpjuhf ,Ue;jhH. MfNt mt;tpUtUk; jk; thypgj;ij mila Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; jq;fsJ Gijaiy vLj;Jf; nfhs;s Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; ck; ,iwtd; ehbdhd;. ,J ck; ,iwtd; Gupe;j mUshFk;. ,tw;iwnay;yhk; vdJ mjpfhuj; jpd;gb ehd; nra;atpy;iy. (my;yh`;tpd; Mizapd;Ngupy; jhd; nra;Njd;) ck;khy; nghWik nfhs;s KbahjpUe;j tp\aq;fspd; cz;ikepiy ,Jjhd;” 96

kdpj mwpT KOik ngwtpy;iy.> vy;ifia vl;l tpy;iy!

jj;Jtq;fs; ntspg;gLk; nghOJ vj;Jiz Mr;rupak;! Gw tbtj;jpw;Fk; ajhHj;j epiyf;Fk; mfj; jpw;Fk; Gwj;jpw;Fk; vt;tsT ngupa ,ilntsp! ,t;Tyf tho;T Vd; ,t;tsT rpf;fy; epiwe;jjha; cs;sJ? ,g;Nguz;lk; Vd; ,t;tsT njsptw;wjha; cs;sJ? tho;f;if Vd; ,t;tsT GjpHfs; epiwe;Js;sJ? gpd;dH> vdJ mwpT vy;yhg; nghUs;fisAk; #o;e;Js;sJ.> vy;yhg; gpur;idfspd; ajhHj;j epiyiaAk; Moj;ijAk; mile;J tpl;lJ vd;W ve;jj; JzpNthL thjhLfpwhd; kdpjd;! njhlf;fj;jpy; fps;H cz;ikia tpl;Lk; ntFJ}uk; tpyfpr; nrd;wjhfj; Njhd;wpaNj! mtHfspd; Nghf;F eLepiy jtwpajhfj; njupe;jNj! ,Wjpapy; mtHfspd; mgpg;gpuhaKk; tpsf;fKk; Kw;wpYk; rupahf - ePjkhf cs;sdNt! vd;d Mr;rupak;!! ,jpypUe;J njupAk; cz;ikahnjdpy;> ,e;j cyf tho;f;if njhlHe;J eilngwf;$baJ. xt;nthU fhyj;jpYk; fhyj;Jf;Nfw;g Gjpa epfo;r;rpfs; gy epfo;e;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.ehs; NjhWk; jdJ Mr;rupaq;fis mJ ntspg;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ. jd;Dila ,ufrpaq;fis fhz;gpj;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpwJ! ,e;j cz;ikAk; ep&gpf;fg;gLfpwJ: kdpj mwpTf;F KbT fpilahJ. mwptpd; ,Wjpepiy ekJ rf;jpia tpl;Lk; ntF njhiytpy; cs;sJ.

i;X.W'Y( ~;a'W( #W� _0K YgX�]N� ““midj;J mwpQHfSf;Fk; NkNy xU NguwpQd; ,Uf;fpwhd;”

97

94

#uj;J a+Rg; 90 95

#uj;J Myp ,k;whd; 90 96

#uj;Jy; j`;/g; 82 97

#uj;J a+Rg; 76

cyfhajr; rpe;jidf;F tpLf;fg;gLk; rthy;! %]h - fps;H rupijAk; mjd; capNuhl;lkpf;f fUj;JfSk; jj;Jtq;fSk; cyfhajr; rpe;jidf; Fr; rthy; tpLf;fpd;wd. ,e;j cyfhajf; Nfhl;ghL gpbthjkhf thjplf;$ba fUj;J ,JjhNd: vij kdpjd; ‘tho;f;if’ vdg; Gupe;J itj;Js;shNdh mJjhd; tho;f;if. ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;ijg; gw;wpa midj;J tptuq;fSk; kdpj mwpTf;F te;Jtpl;ld. fz;fSf;Fj; njuptJ vJNth mJjhd; ajhHj;j epiy. kdpj tho;tpYk; rup> Nguz;lk; KOtjpYk; rup ntspuq;fj;ij kl;Lk; ciuf; fy;yhff; nfhz;L jPHT fhz;gJ rupjhd;. ,e;j cyfj;ij epHthfk; nra;Ak; nghWg;ig kdpj mwptplk; xg;gilf;fyhk;.> rl;lk; tFg;gjw; fhd jFjpfs; kdpj mwpTf;F cz;L. Vnddpy; fy;tp> tp\aQhdk;> Ma;thw;wy; midj;jpYk; kdp jd; KOik ngw;W tpl;lhd;. ajhHj;jepiyiaAk; tp\a Qhdj;jpd; mbMoj;ijAk; mtd; mile;J tpl;lhd;.> Nguz;lj;jpd; cz;ik epiyikfis vl;bg;gpbj;Jtpl;lhd; vd;W jhd; gpbthjkhff; $WfpwJ ,e;j cyfhajr; rpe;jid! ,e;jr; rpe;jidjhNd cyfhajj; jj;Jtq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; mbg;gil! jw;fhy etPdf; fyhr; rhuKk; ,Nj rpe;jid kw;Wk; nfhs;if kPJjhNd mike;Js;sJ! ,e;jf; Fif mj;jpahaKk; mJ toq;Fk; fUj;JfSk; gy;NtW trdq;fSk; ,e;j mbg;giliaj; jhd; jfHf;fpd;wd. Fwpg;ghf ,e;j %]h - fps;H rupijAk; cyfhajr; rpe;jidiaj;jhd; jfHf; fpwJ. mjd; fl;blj;ijj;jhd; tPo;j;JfpwJ! %]h egpia Nehf;fp fps;H ,t;thW $wpa $w;Wld; ,e;jr; rupij KbtilfpwJ:

�k�XAYo W!X.]'Y( XªW�Y3X*Y� X;]� �Y� 0X�Z��Y� Y�W�]� ““ck;khy; nghWik nfhs;s KbahjpUe;j tp\aq;fspd; jm;tPy; - ajhHj;j epiy ,Jjhd;” 98

FHMdpd; tof;fpy; jm;tPy; vd;why; ajhHj;j epiy tpsf;fk; vd;W nghUs;. 93

,t;thwhf kdpjd; mtrug;gLfpwhd;.> kWf;fpwhd;.> jtW fpwhd;! ,Wjpahf ajhHj;jepiy mt Df;Fj; njspthfpwJ! tpsf;fk; mtdplk; tUfpwJ! ,e;jf; Fifmj;jpahaj;jpd; ehd;fhtJ rupij> xU khkdpjupd; rupijahFk;. ,JNt ,Wjpahd rupij. mtuplk; <khd; - ,iwek;gpf;ifAk; ew;nray; GupAk; ey;ypay;Gk; kpifahd Mw;wy;fSk; ,Ue; jd. kdpjdpd; ey;tho;Tf;fhfg; cUthf;fg;gl;bUe;j midj;J Mw;wy;fisAk; rf;jpfisAk; mtH

98

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 82 93

ghHf;f: ,khk; ,g;D ijkpa;ah (u`;) mtHfspd; j/g;]PH #uj;jpy; ,f;yh];. - (,q;F j/g;`PKy; FHMd; j/g;]Pupy; ,Ue;J ,e;j tpsf;fj;ijAk; Fwpg;gpLtJ nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;. mJ tUkhW:) fps;H nra;j ,e;j %d;W nray;fSk; my;yh`;Tila fl;lisapd; Ngupy; nra;ag;gl;litahFk; vd;gJ ,e;j tuyhw; wpypUe;J njspthfj; njupfpwJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; ,JTk; njspthd tp\ak;jhd;: mjhtJ> mtw;wpy; Kjy; ,uz;L nray;fisr; nra;tjw;F - ,iw tdhy; kdpjDf;F toq;fg; gl;l ve;j \uPmj;jpYk;> ve;j kdpjDf;Fk; vg;nghOJk; mDkjp toq;fg; gltpy;iy. ve;j msTf;F vdpy;> gpwUf;Fr; nrhe;jkhd fg;giy - ,d;Dk; rpwpJ J}uk; nrd;why; ahNuDk; xUtd; mijg; gwpj;Jf; nfhs;thd; vDk; mbg;gilapy; gOJgLj;jptpLtjw;Fk; - xU rpWtid> mtd; ngupatdhf tsHe;J mf;fpukf;fhudhfNth - epuhfupg;ghsdhfNth Mfptplyhk; vDk; mbg;gilapy; nfhiy nra;tjw;Fk; ,y;`hkpd; (cs;Sjpg;gpd;) mbg;gilapy;$l ve;j kdpjDf;Fk; mDkjp ,y;iy. Mifahy; gpd;tUk; tp\aj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tijj; jtpu NtW topapy;iy: mjhtJ> fps;H mtHfs; ,e;jr; nray;fis \uPmj; rl;lq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; nra;atpy;iy. khwhf ,iwf; fl;lisg; gbNa nra;Js;shHfs;. my;yh`;> kdpjHfis tpLj;J NtnwhU tifg; gilg;Gfspd;%yk; ,f;fl;lisfis epiwNtw;Wk; Ntiyia thq;F fpwhd;. ,e;j tuyhw;wpd; jd;ikapypUe;Nj gpd; tUk; tp\ak; njspthfpwJ: mjhtJ> my;yh`;> %]h (miy) mtH fisj; jd;Dila tpN\r mbahuplk; mDg;gp itj;j jd; Nehf;fk; gpd;tUk; tp\aj;ij %]h (miy) mtHfSf;F jpiu mfw;wpf; fhz;gpj;Jf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gJjhd;: ,iwehl;lj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; ,aq;Ffpw ,e;j cyfpy; vd;ndd;d eyd;fspd; mbg;gilapy; gzpfs; eilngW fpd;wdNth mtw;iwg; Gupe;J nfhs;tjw;F kdpjdhy; KbahJ! fps;H mtHfisf; Fwpg;gpLtjw;F mbahH vDk; nrhy;iy my;yh`; gad;gLj;jpapUg;gJ kl;Lk; mtH xU kdpjHjhd; vd;gjw;Fg; NghJkhd MjhukhfhJ. mj;jpahak; 21:26 ,Yk; 43:19 kw;Wk; gy ,lq;fspYk; thdtHfisf; Fwpg;gjw;Fk; ,e;jr; nrhy; gad;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ. (nkhopngaHj;Njhd;)

iftrg;gLj;jp ,Ue;jhH. NkYk; mtuJ fhyj;jpa vy;yh tpjkhd trjp tha;g;GfisAk; gad;gLj;jp thOk; trjpiag; ngw;wpUe;jhH. ,it vy;yhtw;iwAk;- Fog;gKk; mopr;rhl;baKk; nfhLikAk; ,iof;Fk; ntw;wpahsHfisg; Nghy; my;yhky;> kf;fs; eydpYk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;Fr; Nritf;fhfTk; rPuhd fyhr;rhuj;ij fl;bnaOg;g TNk gad;gLj;jpdhH me;j khkdpjH!

Jy;fHidd; rupij Jy;fHidd; vd;gtH ahH? vd;gJ Fwpj;J fUj;J NtWghL cs;sJ. mtH rpf;fe;jH kf;J}dp (mnyf;rhz;lH) vd;W xU gpugykhd fUj;J xd;W cz;L. ,jw;F ,khk; /gf;Uj;jPd; uh]p (u`;) mtHfs; MjuT njuptpj;Js;shHfs;. ngUk;ghyhd ,];yhkpa mwpQHfSk; ,t;thNw $WfpwhHfs;. MapDk; ,J Mjhukpy;yhj fUj;J MFk;. Vnddpy; Jy;fHidd; kd;dupd; eilKiwfisg; gw;wp FHMd; $Wfpw jd;ikfs; - cjhuzkhf> <khd; vDk; ,iwek;gpf;if> ePjpnewp> ntw;wpnfhz;l kf;fisf; fUizAlDk; ePjpAlDk; elj;jp aJ> ngUQ;RtH fl;bnaOg;gpaJ Nghd;w jd;ikfs; rpf;fe;jH kf;J}dpaplk; Kw;wpYk; fhzg;gl tpy;iy. rpf;fe;jH vDk; mnyf;rhz;lupd; tuyhw;iwAk; NghHfspy; mtH filg;gpbj;j eilKiwfisAk; rupahf mwpahj fhuzj;jhy;jhd; ,e;jf; fUj;J ngUk;ghYk; cUthfpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. jw;fhy mwpQHfspy; 94

rpyH> iru]; (Syrus) vd;W fpNuf;fHfSk; $u]; vd;W a+jHfSk; fP/F];& vd;W mNugpa tuyhw;W MrpupaHfSk; miof;fpw kdpjHjhd; Jy;fHidd; vd;gjhff; $W fpwhHfs;.

94

Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpa vOj;jhsUk; ,e;jpa Fbaurpd; Kd;dhs; fy;tp mikr;rUkhd nksyhdh mGy; fyhk; M]hj; mtHfs; ,J Fwpj;J tpupthf Muha;e;Js;shHfs;. tuyhw;W tpsf;fq;fisAk; a+jHfspd; E}y;fspy; ,Ue;J gy rhd;W fisAk; nfhLj;Jj; jkJ fUj;Jf;F typik NrHj;Js;shHfs;. jH[{khDy; FHMd; vDk; E}ypd; ,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; Fifmj;jpahaj;jpd; tpupTiuapy; mtHfs; vOjpAs;s fUj;ij ,q;Nf RUf;fkhfj; jUfpNwhk;: fp.K. 559 Mk; Mz;by; iru]; vd;w xU kd;dH mrhjhuzkhd rpy jd;ikfSld; cyfpw;F mwpKfkhfpwhH. jpBnud midj;Jyfpd; ghHitAk; mtH gf;fk; jpUk;GfpwJ. Kd;G xU fhyj;jpy; ,U ehLfshfg; gpupe;J fple;jJ ghurPfk;. mjd; njd;ggFjp ghup]; vd;Wk; tlNkw;Fg; gFjp kPbah vd;Wk; toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,jidNa kh`hj; vd;W muG tuyhw;whrpupaHfs; Fwpg;gpLfpwhHfs;. iru]; kd;dH ,t;tpUngUk; Njrq;fisAk; xUq;fpizj;J khngUk; ghurPf muir epWtpdhH. gpd;dH mtUila ntw;wpfSk; tPu jPur; nray;fSk; njhlHe;jd. mit midj;Jk; - md;G> ePjp NeHik> mePjpf;Fs;shNdhUf;Fj; JizGupjy; Nghd;w ew; gz;GfNshL ,ize;jpUe;jd. gd;dpuz;L Mz;Lfs;$lr; nry;ytpy;iy. mtUila fhybapy; -fUq; flYf;Fk; ghf;Bupah ehl;Lf;Fk; kj;jpapypUe;j Mrpahf; fz;lj;jpd; midj;J ehLfSk; muRfSk; tPo;e;jd!

tuyhw;Wf; Fwpg;gpy; gjpthfpAs;sJ: mtH xUKiw Nkw;F Nehf;fpg; NghH njhLj;J Asia minor - rpw;whrpahtpd; Nkw;Ff;

Nfhbtiu nrd;whH. yPbah ehl;L kd;dH fpNuhap]]; (Croesus) vd;gUld; NghH njhLj;jhH. yPbah vd;gJ rpw;whrpahtpd; Nkw;F kw;Wk; njw;Fg; gFjpiaf; Fwpf;Fk;. ,g;gFjp fpNuf;ff; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; Mrpag; gFjpf; Nfe;jpukhfj; jpfo;e;jJ. rhHl;b]; (Sartis) vDk; efH mjd; jiyefH. iru]; kd;dH Ml;rpapy; mkHe;j gpd; Kjd; Kjyhfr; re;jpf;f NeHe;j NghH> yPbah ehl;Lld; ele;j ,e;jg; NghHjhd;. ,jpy; mtH ntw;wpthif #bdhH. ,jd; gpd;dH rpw;whrpahtpd; Nkw;Ff; fiuapypUe;J fUq;fly; tiu ,Ue;j midj;Jg; gFjpfSk; mtuJ Mjpf;fj;jpd; fPo; te;Jtpl;ld. mtH njhlHe;J Kd;Ndwpf; nfhz;Nl nrd;whH. Nkw;Ff; NfhbapYs;s flw;fiu tiu te;jhH. flypy; Nguiyfs; vOe;J Nkhjpf;nfhz;bUe;jd. #upad; mtw;wpD}Nl kiwtJNghy; mtUf;Fj; njd;gl;lJ. ,aw;ifahfNt mtuJ gazk; ,q;F te;J jilgl;Ltpl;lJ. Vnddpy; fly;miyfspD}Nl vjpHePr;ry; Nghl;Lg; gazk; Nkw;nfhs;sj;jf;f tr jpfs; mtuplk; ,Uf;ftpy;iy. rhHb]; efiuf; ifg;gw;wpa gpwFk; mtH Kd;Ndwpr; nrd;wpUf;fyhk;. mg;nghOJ rkHdhTf;F mUfpy; mike;jpUf;Fk; fliy (Aegean) mtH mile;jpUf;fyhk;. mq;Nf fly; xU ejpNghy; fhl;rp jUtijAk; mtH fz;bUf;ff; $Lk;. khiy Neuj;jpy; fjputd;> mf;flw;fiuapd; gLifapy; epiwe;jpUe;j Nrw;wpy; kiwtJNghy; mtUf;Fj; Njhw;wkspj;jPUf;fyhk;. ,ijNa FHMd; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

¢�]�W8Y< ~)X.Y( \WN [l[�X4Y� �YbY$YDY� “#upad; NrW epiwe;j fU ePH jlhfj;jpy; kiwe;jplf; fz;lhH”

,e;j ,lj;jpy; NguhrpupaH nra;apj; Fj;g; (u`;) mtHfspd; fUj;Jf;F ehk; cld;gLfpNwhk;. mjid mg;gbNa ,q;Nf jUtJ nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;. /gP opyhypy; FHMd;/gP opyhypy; FHMd;/gP opyhypy; FHMd;/gP opyhypy; FHMd;----jpjpjpjpUf; FHMdpd; epoypy;Uf; FHMdpd; epoypy;Uf; FHMdpd; epoypy;Uf; FHMdpd; epoypy; vDk; jpUkiw tpupTiu E}ypy; ,t;thW mtHfs; vOJfpwhHfs;: “Jy;fHidd; vd;gtH ahH? mtH tho;e;j fhyk; vJ? trpj;j ,lk; vJ? vd;gd gw;wp FHMd; vJTk; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy. tuyhWfs; njhlHghf jpUf;FHMd; filg;gpbf;Fk; nghJthd ghzpahFk; ,J. tuyhw;iwg; gjpT nra;tJ (FHMdpd;) Fwpf;Nfhs; my;y. tuyhw;wpy; ,Ue;J gad; ngWk; gbg;gpidjhd; ,yl;rpak;. fhyj;ijAk; ,lj;ijAk; tiuaiw nra;J $whkNyNa ngUk;ghYk; gbg;gpidfs; fpilf;fg; ngw;WtpLfpd;wd. tuyhw;Wj; njhFg;G rpf;fe;jH Jy;fHidd; vd;w ngaupy; kd;dH xUtiu mwpKfg;gLj;JfpwJ. Mdhy; mtH> jpUf; FHMdpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Jy;fHidd; my;y vd;gJ jpz;zk;. Vnddpy; fpNuf;f ehl;ilr; NrHe;j rpf;fe;jH vd;gtH rpiyfis topgLk; kdpjuhf ,Ue;jhH. FHMd; Fwpg;gpLk; ,e;j Jy;fHidd; Xupiw ek;gpf;ifahsH. Vfj;Jtthjp. kuzj;jpw;Fg; gpd;dH (kWTyfpy;) kdpjHfs; vOg;gg;gLtjpy; cWjpnfhz;bUe;jtH!

mg+ iu`hd; my;-ig&dp mtHfs; ��Sx�� )S( �S.?�A�� ���|� �S.��=� - Kw;fhyr; r%fq;fSk; milahsr; rpd;dq;fSk; vd;fpw E}ypy; Fwpg;gpLtjhtJ: “FHMdpy; $wg;gl;Ls;s Jy;fHidd; `pk;aH tk;rj;ijr; NrHe;jtH. mjw;F mtuJ ngaNu Mjhuk;. `pk;aH tk;rj;J kd;dHfisj;jhd; J} vd;w Jizr; nrhy;Yld; Fwpg;Gg; ngaH #l;b miog;gJ tof;fk;.J} eth];> J} ieiud; vd;gd Nghd;W! (J} - my; fHidd; - Jy;fHid dd;) Jy;fHidd; cila mry; ngaH mg+ gf;H ,g;D m/g;uP f];.mg+ gf;H ,g;D m/g;uP f];.mg+ gf;H ,g;D m/g;uP f];.mg+ gf;H ,g;D m/g;uP f];. mtH jd;Dila irdpaq;fSld; kj;jpa ntz; flypd; fiuNahug; gFjpfs; tiuapYk; nrd;Ws;shH. J}dp\;> kuhf;F\; Nghd;w ehLfisAk; fle;J nrd;Ws;shH. ,tHjhd; M/g;upf;fh gl;lzj;ij epWtpdhH. mjdhy;jhd; mtuJ ngaiuj; jOtpNa mf;fz;lk; KOtJk; Mg;upf;fh vd;W miof;fg;glyhapw;W! Jy;fHidd; vd;W

,uz;lhtjhff; fpof;F Nehf;fpg; NghH njhLj;jhH. ,e;jg; Nghupy; kf;uhd;> gy;f; Mfpa efuq;fSf;Fr; nrd;whH.NkYk; ehNlhbfsha; tho;e;j -efiu tpl;Lk; J}ukhf ,Ue;jjhy; #upadpypUe;J ghJfhf;ff;$ba ve;j xU jLg;igAk; ngw;wpuhj ehfupfkpy;yhj rpy $l;lj;jpdiu ntd;w lf;fpdhH. ,ijNa FHMd; ,t;thW Fwpg;gpLfpwJ:

�k�X3W� �Y�ZIX�[� X)W� X;[�]� a0Y9XvYI X;]� ~PX�]? \]'Y( [ª'a�Y� �Yb Y$YDY� “#upa ntg;gj;ij tpl;Lk; jLf;ff;$ba ve;jj; jLg;Gk; fpilf;fg; ngwhj (ehNlhbfsha; tho;e;j) rpy rKjhaj;jpdH kPJ #upad; cjpj;J tuf; fz;lhH” gpwF ghgpNyhd; vDk; typikkpf;f efH kPJ NghH njhLj;jhH. mq;Nf muNrhr;rpf; nfhz;bUe;j gf;j; e];H kd;ddpd; mePjpahy; nfhLikf;Fk; rpiwg;gpbg;Gf;Fk; Mshfp ,opTgLj;jg;gl;L te;j gD} ,];uhaPy; kf;fisf; fhg;ghw;wpdhH. ,jdhy;jhd; iru]; kd;diu a+jHfisg; ghJfhfj;jtH vd;W tuyhW Nghw;WfpwJ. a+jHfSk; mtiu eh ,dpf;fg; Gfo;fpwhHfs;. neQ;rhu epidT $HfpwhHfs;. njsuhj; Ntjj;jpy; gD} ,];uhaPy;fs; gw;wp te;Js;s Kd;dwptpg;Gfis ,jd; %yk; mtH nka;g;gLj;jpdhH. %d;whtjhf tlf;F Nehf;fpg; NghH njhLj;jhH. ,g;nghOJ mikjpg; ngUq;flypd; ,lJ gf;fkhf mtuJ gazk; mike;jpUe;jJ. ,jpy; f/g;fh]; (Cauasus) vDk; kiyj;njhlH tiuapy; nrd;wile;jhH. ,k;kiy fSf;fpilNa xU fztha; ,Ue;jJ. mjd; topahf a/[_[; k/[_[; vd;w $l;lj;jpdH mq;fpUe;j gFjpfspy; muh[fk; tpistpj;Jf; nfhz;bUe;jhHfs;. me;j ,lj;jpy;jhd; iru]; kd;dH ngUq;RtH xd;iw vOg;gpdhH. iru]; kd;dH fp.K. 529 Mk; Mz;by; vjpHghuhj tpjkhf kuzk; mile;jhH. fp.gp. 1838 Mk; Mz;by; ,];jfH (Pasar

Gadae) vd;w efupd; ,bghLfSf;fpilNa xU ntz;fyr; rpiy fz;nlLf;fg;gl;lJ. mjd; jiyapy; MLfSf;F ,Ug;gJ Nghd;W ,uz;L nfhk;Gfs; ,Ue;jd. kPbah - ghuP]; vd;w ,U ehLfisAk; mtH xNu Nghuurhf ,izj;J Ml;rp nra;jij vLj;Jiuf;Fk; tifapy; me;j ,U nfhk;GfSk; mike;jpUe; jd. mjdhy;jhd; Jy; fHidd; (fHd;: nfhk;G. Jy;fHidd; vd;why; ,U nfhk;Gfs; cilatH) vd;W mtUf;Fg; ngaH toq;fyhapw;W. jw;fhy tuyhw;whrpupaHfs; iru]; kd;dupd; jHk Fzj;ijAk; jpwik iaAk; ePjpAk; rpwg;Gk;kpf;f mtuJ MSikiaAk; ntFthfg; Gfo;fpwhHfs;. ,J gw;wp NkYk; mwpa tpUk;GNthH NguhrpupaH (B. Gurundi) vd;ghupd; fl;Liuiag; ghHf;fTk;. (Universal History Of

World, By J.A. Hammerton) vDk; E}ypy; ,uz;lhk; ghfj;jpy; me;jf; fl;Liu ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ.

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,y;iy. vdNt ve;j tptuKk; ,y;yhky; ,e;j tuyhw;wpy; tp\aq;fisr; Rakhf mjpfg;gLj;jpf; $Wk; mjpfhuk; ekf;F ,y;iy. FHMd; tpsf;f ciu E}y;fspy; Vuhskhd fUj;Jfs; ,lk; ngw; Ws;sd. mtw;wpd; kPJ cWjpahd ek;gpf;if nfhs;sKbahJ. vr;rupf;ifAld;jhd; mtw;iw mZfpl Ntz;Lk;. Vnddpy; ,];uhaPypa;ahj; vDk; a+jf; fl;Lf;fijfSk; Guhzq;fSk; mtw;wpy; epiwe;Js; sd ” 95

rPHjpUj;j Nehf;Fld; Ml;rp nra;j rpwe;j kd;dH!

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96

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#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 87 - 88

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98

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#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 99

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101 RtH jahuhdJ. jpl;lk; epiwNtw;wp Kbf;fg;gl;lJ. nebJaHe;j ,UkiyfSf;Fk; gpukhz;lkhd me;j kjpYf;Fk; mg;ghy; trpj;J te;j vjpupfspd; njhy;iyfspy; ,Ue;J vy;yh kf;fSk; ghJfhg;Gg; ngw;wdH.

�kAaxYI [!]� �X�[(�]�Y3X���Y�Y� [MX�[�Y�a�c� aJ �X�[(�]�X���Y8]N ““,e;jf; (a/[_[; - k/[_[;) $l;lj;jpdUf;F me;jr; RtH kPJ VwplTk; Kbatpy;iy. mjidj; Jis NghlTk; ,ay tpy;iy”

102

mwpthw;wy; kpf;f ek;gpf;ifahsupd; khHf;fj; njspT!

,e;jr; re;jHg;gj;jpy;jhd; cyfpd; ngUk; ntw;wpahsuhfj; jpfo;e;j - gy;NtW rKjhaq;fis mlf;fpahz;l me;j khtPuupd; ,jaj;jpy; - nghUs;tsk; cs;spl;l vy;yh Mw;wy;fSk; ngw;wpUe;j me;j khkd;dupd; cs;sj;jpy; ,iwek;gpf;if RlH tpl;L ,yq;fpaJ. mtH Mztk; nfhs;stpy;iy! myl;rpaj;jpw;Fk; jw;ngUikf;Fk; Ml;gltpy;iy! vd;dplKs;s mwpthw;wypdhy;jhd; ,it midj;Jk; vdf;F toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;W mtH $wtpy;iy. khwhf midj;Jr; rpwg;GfisAk; my;yh`;tplNk NrHj;jhH. NkYk; jdJ gzp vd;iwf;Fk; epiyj;jpUf;Fk; vd;Wk; ,e;jg; ngUQ;RtUf;F ahnjhU CWk; Vw;glhJ vd;Wk; mtH fUjtpy;iy. rupahfr; nrhy;tjhdhy;> kWikapd; kPJ ek;gpf;ifnfhz;l> kdpjdpd; gytPdj;ijAk; fhyj;jpd; khWjy;fisAk; ed;F mwpe;j mwpthw;wy; kpf;f ek;gpf;ifahsupd; khHf;fj; njspTld; Jy;fHidd; ,t;thW $wpdhH:

\z Y� [$X(Y� �U�YD �]�W�]N \z Y� X)z� ��Y8X<Y� �]fYb ]>�]? � xY< \z Y� [$X(Y� ]�]K Y� �U�dKY� [!]'Y9YD ““(gzp Kbtile;jgpd;) Jy;fHiddd; $wpdhH: ,J vd; ,iwtdpd; mUNs MFk;. vd; ,iw td; thf;fspj;j Neuk; te;Jtpl;lhy; ,jidj; J}s;J}s;shf;fp tpLthd;. vd; ,iwtdpd; thf;F nka;ahdjhFk;” 103

100

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 95 - 96 101

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 96 102

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 97 103

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 98

,Jjhd; - mwpTk; ty;yikAk; epiwe;j> ,aw;if Mw;wy;fisAk; cyfhaj rf;jpfisAk; jd; trg;gLj;jpitj; jpUe;j khkd;dupd; gz;ghlhL. tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fisAk; trjp tha;g;GfisAk; ngUk; msT ngw;wpUe;j> tpupthd ntw;wpfs; gy fz;Lk; tPujPur; nray;fs; Gupe;Jk; tho;e;J te;j Nguurupd; eaj;jF ehfupfk;! ,j;jifa vy;yhr; #o;epiyfspYk;> cyfhaj Mw;wy;> mjpfhuk;> jiyikg; gjtp Mfpa midj; Jk; cr;repiy mile;jpUe;j vy;yhr; re;jHg;gq;fspYk; jd; ,iwtid mtH kwe;jhupy;iy. mtidNa KOikahf ek;gp mtDf;Nf mb gzpe;J tho;e;J te;jhH. kWTyfj;ij ek;gpdhH. mq;F ntw;wp ngWtjw;fhf ew;gzpfs; Mw;wpdhH. jd; gytPdj;ij xg;Gf;nfhz;lhH. kdpj Fyj;jpd; kPJ gupTk; fUizAk; nfhz;lhH. gytPdg;gl;l kf;fs; kPJ ,uq;fpdhH. rj;jpaj;jpd; ghJfhtyuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH. jd;Dila Mw;wy;fs; KOtijAk; ciog;igAk; jpwikfisAk; vy;yh tpjkhd rhjdq; fisAk; tsq;fisAk; kf;fSf;Fr; Nrit nra;tjw;fhfNt gad;gLj;jpdhH. J}a;ikkpf;f rK jhaj;ij cUthf;Ftjw;fhfNt <LgLj;jpdhH. my;yh`;tpd; jPid NkNyhq;fr; nra;tjw;fhfNt ghLgl;lhH. kf;fis ,UspypUe;J ntspNaw;wp xspapd; gf;fk; nfhz;LtUtjw;fhfTk; kdpjHfSf;F topghL nrYj;Jk; epiyapypUe;J - cyfhaj rf;jpia tzq;Fk; epiyapypUe;J kf;fis tpLtpj;J my;yh`; xUtidNa tzq;FgtHfsha; mtHfis Mf;Ftjw;fhfTk; fLikahf cioj;jhH! ,j;jifa tho;f;if newpiaj;jhd; egp Riykhd; gpd; jht+j; (miy) jkJ fhyj;jpy; Nkw; nfhz;lhHfs;. Jy;fHidd; kd;dH mtuJ fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;lhH.(egpatHfspd;) fyP/ghf;fs; - NeHtopngw;w gpujpepjpfs; jj;jkJ fhyj;jpy; Nkw;nfhz;lhHfs;. NeHtop ngw;w ,khk;fSk; Kd;Ndh bfSk; jj;jkJ fhyj;jpy; - gFjpapy; tho;e;J fhl;bdhHfs;!

Nkw;fj;jpaf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; Kj;jpiu kdpj ,dj;ijf; ftiyapYk; Jf;fj;jpYk; Mo;j;jpa vjpHghuhj epfo;r;rpfs; gy> jpBnud Vw;gl;l rk;gtq;fs; gy cs;sd! mtw;Ws; kpfTk; Ntjidf;Fupa #o;epiy xd;W cz;nldpy;> mJ ,e;j Nkw;fj;jpa ehfupfk; Njhd;wp tsHe;j #o;epiyjhd;. ,iwkhHf;fj;ij vjpHf;Fk; Nghf;Fk; <khd; gpy; /ifg; - kiwthd cz;ikfis ek;Gjy; vDk; mjd; mbg;gilf; nfhs;iffis epuhfupf;Fk; epiyAk; gutp ,Ue;j xU fhyj;jpy; ,e;ehfupfk; Njhd;wp tsHe;J tpl;lJ. ,iwkhHf;fj;jpw;Fj; jiyik Vw;wpUe;jtHfSf;F vjpuhf> mjidj; jk;Kila kd,r;irfSf; fhfTk; Ra Kd;Ndw;wq;fSf;fhfTk; gad;gLj;jpf; nfhz;bUe;jtHfSf;F vjpuhf fpsHe;njOe;j kf;fs; r%fj;jpy; - mj;jifa jiytHfspd; jPa elj;ijiaf; fz;L> jhd;Njhd;wpj;jdkhd Nghf;iff; fz;L> kdpj Fy Kd;Ndw;wj;jpd; ghijapy; - mwpT Muha;r;rpapd; Rje;jpuj;jpy; me;jj; jiytHfs; jilf;fw;fsha; ,Ue;jijf; fz;L fLk; Nfhgk; nfhz;l rKjhaj;jpy; ,e;j etPd ehfupfk; Njhd;wp tsHe;J tpl;lJ! 104

,j;Jld; ehfupfk;> njhopy; tsHr;rp kw;Wk; tho;f;ifg; Gduikg;Gr; rpe;jid Mfpa midj;Jk; ntWk; rlj;Jt thjj;jpd; mbg;gilfspd; kPJ mike;jd. gilj;j ,iwtDld; - Nguz;lk; KOtijAk; gupghypj;J tUk; mjpgjpAld; - r%fj;jpw;Fk; jdp kdpjDf;Fk; ,Ue;J te;j njhlHG Jz;bf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tw;wpd; gpd;dzpapy; njhlHr;rpahfg; gy fhuzpfs; cs;sd. ,aw;ifr; #o;epiyfSk; mjw;Ff; fhuzkha; mike;Js;sd. MapDk; Fwpg;ghf INuhg;gpa gpuj;jpNaf tho;f;if mikg;Gjhd; mjw;F Kf;fpa fhuzkhFk;. xUGwk;> ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wk;> mjd; tsHr;rp Mfpad ehj;jpfj;JlDk; muh[fj;J lDk; gpd;dpg; gpize;jjha; tsHe;J tpl;ld. kWGwk; ,f;fyhr;rhuk;> ,aw;if Mw;wy;fisAk; fhuzp fisAk; Ml;nfhs;Sk; rf;jpahf khwpaJ. Kd;Ndw;wj;jpYk; njhopy; El;gj;jpYk; ,aw;if ,ay;fspYk; cr;r epiyia vl;bg;gpbj;jJ. ve;j msTf;nfdpy;> cyfpy; njhiyTfisAk; ,ilntspfisAk; mbNahL ,y;yhkyhf;fp tpl;lJ.

104

NkYk; tpguq;fSf;F K];ypk;fspd; tPo;r;rpapdhy; cyfk; ,oe;jJ vd;d? vd;fpw ekJ E}iyg; ghHf;fTk;.

kdpjd; fhw;W kz;lyj;ijf; fle;jhd;. ,Wjpapy; re;jpudpNyNa fhy; gjpj;J tpl;lhd;. ,J jtpu mwptpay;> thdpay; Jiwfspy; ,d;Dk; gy ntw;wpfis mile;J tpl;lhd;.> mile;Jk; tUfpwhd;. Mf> ,e;j Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhuk; jpfpY}l;Lk; Mw;wiyf; nfhz;bUg;gJld;- thof;ifr; rhjdq; fisAk; rf;jpfisAk; trg;gLj;jp itj;jpUg;gJld; - cyfpd; kPJ Mjpf;fk; nrYj;Jk; jpwikiag; ngw;wpUg;gJld; $lNt ,iwepuhfupg;igAk; cyfhajg; Nghf;ifAk; jd;Ds; ngw;wpUf;fpwJ. ,JNt ,f;fyhr;rhuj;jpd; rpd;dKk; milahsKk; MFk;. ,t;tsT mjpfkhd rf;jpfisAk; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; ngw;w> ,aw;if ,ufrpaq;fisAk; Mw;wy; fisAk; trg;gLj;jpa> kjq;fisAk; xOf;f khz;GfisAk; ,t;tsT fLikahf vjpHf;ff; $ba> ,g;Nguz;lj;ijg; gilj;j ,iwtDf;Fk; mtDila rl;l newpf;Fk; vjpuhf ,t;tsT td;ikahf fpsHr;rp nra;af;$ba> rlj;Jtg; nghUisAk; kdijAk; kd ,r;irfisAk; tzq;fp topgLkhW miof;ff;$ba> ehNd ,iwtd; vd;W thjplf;$ba xUxUxUxU fyhr;rhuk;fyhr;rhuk;fyhr;rhuk;fyhr;rhuk; cz;nldpy; mJ ,k;Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhuj;ijj; jtpu Ntwpy;iy. mg;gb NtnwhU fyhr;rhuk; ,Ug;gjhf ekf;Fj; njupatpy;iy!

cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; ,Wjpf; fl;lk;!

ehk; NkNy nrhd;dJ Nghd;W -cyfpd; mjpfhuj;ijf; ifg;gw;Wk; msTf;F tsHe;Jtpl;l ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuk; ,iwtid epuhfupf;ff;$bajhfTk; ‘nghUis’ ek;gf;$bajhfTk; cs;sJ. ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;ijr; NrHe;jtHfs; jq;fsJ Mw;wiyAk; njhopy; El;gj;ijAk; kl;LNk ek;Gk; ,ay;Gld; tsHe;Jtpl;ldH. vjpy; jq;fSf;F yhgk; cs;sJ.> eyd; cs;sJ vd;gij kl;LNk ghHf;fpwhHfs;. ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; khngUk; ikaf; Nfe;jpuq;fshfj; jpfOk; mnkupf;fh> INuhg;gh> u\pah Mfpa ehLfs; - /ifg; vDk; kiwthd cz;ikfis ek;Gk; nfhs;iff;Fk; Md;kPfj;Jf;Fk; ey;nyhOf;fj;jpw;Fk; ,iwNtjq;fSf;Fk; vjpupfshf Mfp tpl;ld.> gfpuq;fkhfNth kiwKfkhfNth! ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuk; cyfahajk; kw;Wk; njhopy;El;g uPjpapyhd jdJ kpf cr;r epiyia mile; jpLk; fhyk; neUq;fp tpl;lJ. ,f;fyhr;rhuj;jpd; jiytd; - egpj;Jt nkhopapy; j[;[hy; 105 vd;W tHzpf;fg;gLk; - Fwpg;Gg; ngauhy; miof;fpw mjd; jiytd; Njhd;Wk; Neuk; mz;kpj;J tpl;lJ! me;j j[;[hy; vd;gtd; xU Gwk; - cyfhaj Kd;Ndw; wj;jpd;> njhopy; tsj;jpd; rpfuj;jpy; ,Ug;ghd;. kWGwk; ,iw epuhfupg;gpd; cr;r epiyia mile;jpUg;ghd;. kf;fis cy fhajj;jpd; gf;fk; miog;gjpy;>ehj;jpfj;jpd; gf;fKk; ,aw;if iaAk; ,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisAk; tzq;Ftjw;Fk;

105

j[;[hy; gw;wp $wg;gl;Ls;s> mtDila mNdfj; jd;ikfis vLj;Jf; $Wfpw egpnkhopfs; mj;jthj;JUy; km;dtP vDk; juj;ij mile; Js;sd. mjhtJ> fUj;ijg; nghUj;J kpfTk; ek;gfkhdit vDk; me;j];ij mile;Js;sd. mit j[;[hy; vd;gtd; Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU kdpjd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l rpy jd;ikfs; cilatd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l njhU fhyj;jpy; (mjw;Fr; Rupahd NjjpAk; NeuKk; tiuaWf;fg; gltpy;iy) Njhd;Wthd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;lnjhU rKjhaj;jpy; Njhd;Wthd; vd;Wk; mJ a+j rKjhaNk vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $Wfpd;wd. vdNt j[;[hy; Njhd;Wk; tp\aj;ij kWg;gjw;F topNaJkpy;iy.> mjw;F mtrpaKk; ,y;iy. me;j egpnkhopfs; ,jidAk; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $Wfpd;wd: j[;[hy; Njhd;WtJ gy];jPdj;jpy;. mq;Fjhd; mtdJ nry;thf;F cr;r epiyia milAk;. Mk;! cz;ikapy; gy];jPdk;jhd; cyfshtpa ,Wjp muq;fkhFk;. mjpy;jhd; ,];yhj;jpw;Fk; cyfhajj;jpw;Fk; rj;jpaj;jpw;Fk; mrj;jpaj; jpw;Fk; elf;ftpUf;Fk; Nghuhl;lk; gw;wpa kpfg; gaq;fukhd fij muq;Nfuf; fhj;jpUf;fpwJ! xUGwj;jpy; jhHkPf - rl;l uPjpahd cupikfSf;fhfg; NguhLgtHfs; ,Ug;ghHfs;. mtHfs; rj;jpaj;jpd; ghJfhtyH fshfj; jpfo;thHfs;. my;yh`;tpd; gf;fk; miof;Fk; gzpapid Nkw;nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. kdpj Fy <Nlw;wj;jpd;> xUikg;ghl;bd; miog;ghsHfsha; jpfo;e;J nfhz;b Ug;ghHfs;. ,j;jifa caH gz;Ng mtHfspd; khngUk; MAjkhfTk; mtHfSf;Fr; rhjfkhd MjhukhfTk; jpfOk;. kWGwj;jpy;-xNu ,dk;> xNu ,uj;jj; njhlHGila rKjhak; kl;Lk;jhd; GdpjkhdJ.> caHthdJ vd;W thjpLNthH epd;W nfhz;bUg;ghHfs;. cyfk; KOtijAk; kdpj Fyj;jplKs;s midj;J rhjdq;fisAk; me;jf; Fwpg;gpl;l xNu ,dj;jpd; mjpfhuj;jpd; fPo; nfhz;L te;jpl Ntz;Lk;.> mjd; MSif;F cl;gLj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhfNt mtHfs; NghuhLthHfs;. fy;tp uPjpahd rhjdq;fSk; fiyMw;wy;fSk; njhopy; El;g rf;jpfSk; mtHfspd; iffspy; ngUk; mstpy; Ftpe;jpUf;Fk;! kdpj ,dj;jpd; ,e;jj; jPHf;fkhd Nghuhl;lj;jpd; mwpFwpfs; muG ,];yhkpaf; fpof;fpd; mbthdj;jpy; ,g;nghOJ Njhd;wp tpl;bUf;fpd;wd. jw;Nghija epiyikfSk; eilngw;Wf;nfhz;bUf;Fk; epfo;r;rpfSk; - ,e;jg; Nghuhl;lj;ij mjd; cz;ikahd fjhehafHfSld; muq;Nfw;W tjw;Fg; nghUj;jkhd #o;epiyia cUthf;fp tUfpd;wd!

ahH ahH mtw;iw trg;gLj;jp itj;Jf;nfhz;L mtw;wpd; kPJ KO Mjpf;fk; nrYj;JfpwhHfNsh mtH fSf;F mbgzptjw;Fk; miog;G tpLg;gjpy; KOikahf <Lgl;bUg;ghd;. ,Jjhd; ,Wjpf; fhyj;jpd; ngUq;Fog;gk;. ,d;iwa cyfj;ijg; gPbj;Js;s khngUk; Jd;gk;! gy E}w;whz;LfSf;F Kd; INuhg;ghtpy; Njhd;wpa cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuj;jpd; ,Wjpf;fl;lk; ,Jjhd;!

j[;[hypd; jdpg;gl;l milahsk;!

NkNy nrhd;d midj;Jk; ,d;iwa cyfhaj - njhopy; ts> ,ae;jpukaf; fyhr;rhuj;ij - ve;jf; fyhr;rhuk; vjpHfhyj;jpy; cr;r epiyia milatpUf;fpwNjh - vjw;F j[;[hy; jiyik Vw;f ,Uf;fpwhNdh me;j cyfhajf;fyhr; rhuj;ijg; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;lf;$bait MFk;. MapDk; ,it kl;Lk; j[;[hy; vd mtid NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;Fg; NghJkhdit my;y. egpnkhopfspy; mtid mjpf msT ,fo;e;jpUg;gjpy; ,Ue;Jk; mtdJ Fog;gk; Fwpj;J fLikahf vr;rupf;if nra;jpUg;gjpy; ,Ue;Jk; epiyik ,d;Dk; Nkhrkhf ,Uf;Fk; vdj; njupfpwJ. ,j;jifa rf;jpfisAk; rhjdq;fisAk; Riykhd; egp (miy) mtHfSk; Jy;fHidd; kd;dUk; ngw;wpUe;jhHfs;. mt;tpUtupd; Mw;wy;fisAk; Ntfj;ijAk; mtHfspd; iftrj;jpy; ,Ue;j Vuhskhd rf;jpfisAk; rhjdq;fisAk; FHMNd Fwpg;gpl;Lf; $WfpwJ. vdNt ,t;tpUtiu tpl;Lk; j[;[hiy NtWgLj;jpf;; fhl;Lk; Gs;sp vd;d? cj;jk kd;dH ahH? mwp thw;wy; kpf;f mjpf gyk; tha;e;j khkdpjH ahH? mtH vg;gbg;gl;ltH vdpy;> my;yh`; FHMdpy; Gfo;e;J $Wfpwhd;:

il�c�]J [!cIW� [$XAY9a�� Y;X9ZI ““mtH (Riykhd;) vj;Jiz rpwe;j mbahH! mtH ,iwtd; gf;fk; mjpfk; kPsf;$batuhfj; jpfo;e;jhH”

106

vtidf; Fwpj;J egp (]y;) vr;rupf;if nra;jhHfNsh> vtidf; Fwpj;J jk; ck;kj;jpdH kPJ mr;rk; nfhz;lhHfNsh> ,t;tsT mjpf Kf;fpaj;Jtk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhH Nsh mj;jifa ngUk; Fog;gthjpahd j[;[hy; vd;gtd; ahH? vd;gij ehk; Muha;e;jpl Ntz;Lk;. NtWgLj;jpf; fhl;Lk; milahsKk; tpj;jpahrf; NfhLk; ,Jjhd;: Riykhd; egpAk; Jy;fHidd; khkd;dUk; Muk;g E}w;whz;Lfspy; mt;tpUtiug;Nghy; tho;e;J nrd;w K];ypk;fSk; [khmj; - $l;l ikg;GfSk;> tpj;jpahrkhd typikfisAk; tpupthd Ml;rpiaAk; gpukpf;fj;jf;f Ez;zwpitAk; ngw;wp Ue;jJld; -,aw;ifr; rf;jpfisAk; cyfhajr; rhjdq;fisAk; trg;gLj;jp itj;jpUe;jJld; Mokhd ,iwek;gpf;ifAk; ey;yky;fSk; rpwg;Gkpf;f gz;ghLk; rPuhd Fwpf;Nfhs;fSk; mtHfsplk; ,Ue;jd. my;yh`;tpd; gf;fKk; rj;jpaj;jpd; gf;fKk; miof;Fk; gzpapidAk; mtHfs; Nkw;nfhz;b Ue;jhHfs;. mtHfSf;F toq;fg;gl;bUe;j mwpT> fy;tp> Mw;wy;fisAk; vy;yhtpjkhd rhjdq; fisAk; khdpl Rgpl;rj;jpw;fhfTk; kdpj Fyj;jpw;Fr; Nrit nra;tjw;fhfTNk gad;gLj;jpdhHfs;. fUizAk; ePjpAk; nropj;Njhq;Ftjw;fhfNt midj;ijAk; nryT nra;jhHfs;! mj;jifa Nkd; kf;fspd; gz;G eyd;fis FHMd; ,t;thW tHzpf;fpwJ:

Y( �X�Y�YI Y� W¡X�[�X9Y8a��Z �X�[�Y�J � ]��]KcH�� �[�Y�£ Y� ]�]�c��� �X�[��]?J Z�X��� \WN X;[b �c%d��� aW� Y)X�Wfd��Z�X�[��� �ZAW?�Y( W!t'W� Y� Z�]�X%[8a�� Z) “mtHfs; vj;jifatHfs; vdpy;> ,g;g+kpapy; mtHfSf;F ehk; Ml;rpajpfhuk; toq;fpdhy; mtHfs; njhOifia epiy ehl;LthHfs;. [fhj; nfhLg;ghHfs;. NkYk; ed;ikGupkhW VTthHfs;. jPikia tpl;Lk; jLg;ghHfs;. NkYk; vy;yhf; fhupaq;fspd; KbTk; my;yh`;tplNk cs;sJ”

107 kw;NwhH

,lj;jpy;>

k�¤'[( ]X�[$X�Z�[� ]} Y)X�Wft'W� �Y�'Y9XvYI �Y�W:|� [��c$�� Y�a'W��k�]�*]N ]}Y� Z�X��� \WN � RY)X.Wxc3[8a'W� �YAW?]�9a��Y�

106

#uj;J ]hj; 30 107

#uj;Jy; `[; 41

““me;j kWik tPl;ilNah - vtHfs; ,g;g+kpapy; ngUik abf;fTk; muh[fk; nra;aTk; tpUk;g khl;lhHfNsh mtHfSf;Nf ehk; nrhe;jkhf;fpitg;Nghk;. NkYk; ,iwar;rk; cs;NshUf;Nf ey;y KbT cz;L”

108

Mdhy; j[;[hy; gw;wp egp(]y;)mtHfs; jkJ rKjhaj;jpdUf;F mwptpj;Jf; nfhLj;j milahsk; - Kj;jpiu vd;dntdpy;> ,iwkWg;Gk; mjd; tpupthd fUj;jpd; mbg;gilapyhd midj;Jj; jPik fSk; MFk;. XH Mjhug;g+Htkhd egpnkhop $WfpwJ:

� ¡ L W!X.Y%X.Y( Y)X.Y ilX�[3a�Y� [!cIW� RK [MUY�axY� ~�W��]K [�X.]� Y� i�W��]K ~)W�Xy[� ¤0– #��TA�� M��� “j[;[hypd; ,U fz;fSf;F kj;jpapy; fh/g;> /gh> wh vDk; vOj;Jfs; vOjg;gl;bUf;Fk;. vOj;jwpTs;s> vOj;jwptw;w xt;nthU K];ypKk; mtw;iw thrpj;Jf; nfhs;thHfs;” 109

j[;[hypdhy; r%f tho;tpy; Vw;gLk; rPuopT!

egpnkhopfspy; njupatUfpwJ: j[;[hy; ,iwkWg;gpd; gf;fk; jPtpukhf miog;gtdhfTk; RWRWg;Gk; <Hg;ghw;wYk; cs;stdhfj; jpfo;thd;. kjj;jpw;Fk; xOf;f newpfSf;Fk; vjpuhff; fyfk; GupAk; Nghf;fpw;Fj; jiytdhf tUthd;. kw;nwhU egpnkhopapy; te;Js;sJ:

c��� dW� � � Y�]NW��Y�XA�/�� W!Z ·Y9XAY� �c8Y( [![9ZAc3Y.]N i)W�Xy[� [!cI]� [��*XhY� Y�[bY� W!X.W��Y.]� ]0[D ““my;yh`;tpd; kPJ rj;jpakhf! xU kdpjd; j[;[hyplk; tUthd;. mtid ,iwek;gpf;ifahsd; vd;gJNghy; fUJthd;. me;j kdpjdpd; cs;sj;jpy; j[;[hy; fpswptpLk; re;Njfj;jpdhy; mtd; j[;[hiyg; gpd;gw;Wthd; ”

110 mtdJ nry;thf;Fk; $g;ghLk; NkYk; jPtpukilAk;. mt;thNw ehl;fs; nry;yr;nry;y Fog;gk; ngupa ngz;fsplKk; rpWkpfsplKk; guTk;. FLk;gq;fspYk; tPLfspd; cs;NsAk; mJ CLWTk;. FLk;gj; jiytH> jd; tPl;bYs;s gpwH kPJ - jdJ kidtp> jhahH> rNfhjupfs;> ngz; gps;isfs;> gzpg; ngz;fs; MfpNahH kPJ jdf;fpUe;j midj;J mjpfhuj;ijAk; Mjpf;fj;ijAk; ,oe;J tpLthH. NtnwhU egpnkhopapy; te;Js;sJ:

[Dc��� d]� \c3Y< U�Y*z%�� W!X.]�W� [E[�XTY� X)Y� [�W:£ ]X��Y.]N ]��Y%a?Y�Y8Y W�YTXAc*�� WMWfY�Z >�YDc$�� >ZHX%Y� �Y�xW�X�u]N W!W3c8Y(Y� W!W3X:�Y� W!W3Y%X �Y� W!z��¨]�W� [ªZDX�Y.]� ]0W!X.]�W� YE[�XTY� a]� ]�]N�YTY� ��V�Y Y� � ��� !D�:J¼�½

““j[;[hy; vd;gtd; Njhd;wp ,e;jr; rJg;G epyj;jpy; kuf;dhj; vd;w ,lj;jpy; te;J jq;fpapUg; ghd;. ,Wjpapy; ngz;fNs$l tPLfis tpl;Lk; ntspNawp mtdplk; nry;thHfs;. ve;j msTf;F vdpy; xU kdpjd; jdJ jha;> kfs;> rNfhjup kw;Wk; khkp Mfpa midtiuAk; fapw;why; fl;bg; NghLthd;.> mtHfs; j[;[hyplk; nrd;W tpLthHfNsh vd;W gae;J!” 111

,t;thW r%fr; rPuopTk; xOf;fr; rpijTk; vJtiuapy; njhlUk; vdpy;> xU egpnkhop $WfpwJ:

�NX�[�X9Y� ]X�NZ�X9Y� ]} Z��YAz*�� ZP]�X<]� Y� Z�X.d��� W�d2W: \WN Ze�c%�� [��Y�Wq \]xXAY.]N�k�]�X%[� ]X�[�W�X%[� ]}Y� � “,Wjpapy; jPa kdpjHfs; kl;LNk vQ;rpapUg;ghHfs;. mtHfs; gwitfs; Nghy; Nyrhf ,Ug;ghHfs;. tpyq;Ffspd; mwpitg; Nghd;w mwpTjhd; mtHfsplk; ,Uf;Fk;. ed;ikia ed;iknadTk; jPik iaj; jPiknadTk; fUjkhl;lhHfs;” 112

108

#uj;Jy; f]]; 83 109

E}y;: Gfhup 110

E}y;: mg+ jht+j; 111

E}y;: jguhdp> mwptpg;G: ,g;D ckH (uyp) 112

E}y;: ]`P ; K];ypk; mwptpg;G: mg;Jy;yh`; gpd; mk;H gpd; M]; (iyp)

,iwepuhfupg;igAk; cyfhajj;ijAk; Nkw;nfhz;bUf;Fk; ,d;iwa Nkw;fj;jpa fyhr;rhuj;ij ,jidtplTk; njspthf vLj;Jiuf;Fk; fUj;Jr; nrwpthd thrfk; Ntnwhd;Wk; ,Uf;f KbahJ. ,e;jf; fhyhr;rhuj;jpd; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijAk; mjd; gpufhrkhd cr;r epiyiaAk; cs;sJ cs;sgb glk; gpbj;Jf;fhl;Lk; NtnwhU rpj;jpuk; ,Uf;f KbahJ! ,f;fyhr;rhuj;jpd; ngUk; ngUk; efuq; fSk; mjd; ikaf;Nfe;jpuq;fSk;$l ,jpy; njspthf milahsk; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. ,J> egp (]y;) mtHfspd; ePbj;j epiyahd mw;Gjq;fSs; XH mw;GjkhFk;. Fiwe;j thHj;ijapy; epiwe;j fUj;Jf; fisj; jhq;fpa - GJik kq;fhj> Mr;rupaq;fs; Kbtilahj nghd;nkhopfSs; xd;whFk;! ,d;iwa cyfhajf; fyhr;rhuj;jplk; xUGwk;- NyR vDk; ve;jj; jd;ikiaf;nfhz;L gwitfs; fhw;iw trg;gLj;jp thd; ntspapy; gwe;J nfhz;bUf;fpd;wdNth me;j NyR cs;sJ. mjd; %yk; jhd; ,d;iwa etPd kdpjd; gwitia tpl Ntfkhf tpiugtdhfTk; NyrhdtdhfTk; ,Uf;fp whd;. kWGwk; ,f;fyhr;rhuj;jplk;> tpyq;Ffisg; Nghd;w td;ikf; FzKk; nfh^uKk; epiwe;Js;sJ. mjdhy;jhd; ehLfis Ak; kf;fisAk; mJ mopj;Jf; nfhz;bUfpwJ.> gapHfisAk; re;jjpfisAk; ehrkhf;fp tUfpwJ.> tuyhw;wpy; epfupy;iy vDk; tifapy; td;ikAk; nfh^uKk; jhz;ltkhLfpwJ! ,e;jf; nfhLikfs; midj;Jk; nropg;ghd tho;f;ifAlDk; jhuhskhd tho;thjhuj;JlNdNa eilngWfpd;wd. tuyhw;wpd; Ntnwe;jf; fhyfl;lj;jpYk; fhzg;glhj tifapy; -kfpo;Tf;Fk; epk;kjpf; Fk; nghWg;Ngw;Fk; msTf;F trjp tha;g;Gfs; ngUfp ,Ug;gJld;jhd; ,it eilngWfpd;wd! NkNy nrhd;d egpnkhopapd; filrpg;gFjp ,t;thW $WfpwJ:

��Y� Y�W�]� \WN X;[bY� X;?X�Z� Ri)Y*Y< X;[�[/X.Y( ““,j;jidf;Fk; mtHfspd; up[;f; - tho;thjhuk; (gzkhfr;) Rod;W nfhz;bUf;Fk;. tho;f;ifr; rhjdq;fs; midj;Jk; jahH nra;J itf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;” 113

ey;yit nra;tjhff; fUJthHfs;! ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuk; - NkNy nrhd;dJ Nghd;W - ,e;jr; rlj;Jt cyfpw;Fk; cyf tho;f;iff;Fk; mg;ghy; cs;s midj;ijAk; epuhfupj;JtpLfpwJ. ,e;jf; fyhr;rhuj;ij top elj;JNthUk; Mjupg; NghUk; -tho;f;ifj; juj;ij caHj;jTk; mjidr; nropg;ghf mikg;gjw;fhfTk;jhd; jq;f Sila Kaw;rpfs;> Mw;wy;fs; midj;ijAk; nryT nra;fpwhHfs;. ,jdhy;jhd; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; filrp trdq;fspy; njspthfTk; ntspg;gilahfTk; my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;. mJ> ,e;j cyfhajf; fyhr;rhu thjpfisAk; mjd; jiytHfisAk; Nehf;fp ciuahL tJNghy; cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf ,];yhkpa cyfpy; me;j cyfhajj; jiytHfisg; gpd;gw;wpr; nry;Yk; tha;ikAk; jpwikAk; kpf;f rPlHfis Kd;dpWj;jpg; NgRtJ Nghy; cs;sJ. me;;j cyfhaj thjp fspd; ,yl;rzq;fSk; Kfg;ghtidfSk;$l njspthfj;njupAk; tifapy; El;gkhfg; glk;gpbj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wd me;j trdq;fs;! mit tUkhW:

Y)X�Z�Y*X:��Z X;��zAY%[I a0Yb a0? Y�W�]��� �k9X%[o ]X�[%�*Xh[� X;[�cIJ ]X�[AY*XhY� X;[bY� �Y.XI�$�� W��Y.Yha�� \WN X;[�[.X9Y� d0Y� Y)X�Wf¾d�� �}�Y8X(J �X�[�S]2]K Y)X�Wfd�� �kIX�Y� W�Y��Y.Wxa�� YPX�Y� X;[�]� [;X.Wx[I ]�]N X;[���Y8X(J XG]�ZAYh]N W!W{�]xW� Y� X;Z�z Y� W��Y�¿Z

““ (egpNa) ePH $Wk;: jk;Kila nray;fspy; ngUk; ,og;Gf;F cupatHfs; ahH vd;gij ehk; cq;fSf;F mwptpf; fl;Lkh? mtHfs; ahnudpy;> cyf tho;f;ifapy; mtHfspd; Kaw;rpfs; midj; Jk; topgpwo;e;J tpl;ld. Mdhy; mtHfNsh jhk; midj;ijAk; kpf mofhfNt nra;J nfhz;b Ug;gjhff; fUjpf; nfhz;bUf;fpwhHfs;. mtHfs;jhk; jk; ,iwtdpd; rhd;Wfis Vw;f kWj;J tpl;l tHfs;.> (kWikapy;) mtdJ re;jpg;G Fwpj;J ek;gpf;if nfhs;shjtHfs;. MfNt mtHfspd;

113

E}y;: K];ypk; mwptpg;G: mg;Jy;h`; gpd; ckH (uyp)

nray;fs; vy;yhk; tPzhfptpl;ld. kWik ehspy; mtHfSf;F vt;tpj kjpg;igAk; ehk; mspf;f khl; Nlhk;”

114

,e;j trdq;fspy; - ehj;jpfg; Nghf;if Nkw;nfhz;l cyfhaj thjpfspd; Kf%bAk; mjd; j[;[hypaj; jiytHfspd; Kfj;jpiuAk; fpopj;njwpag;gl;Ls;sd. NkYk; g+kpapy; Fog;gk; nra;ahjPHfs; vd;W mtHfsplk; nrhy;yg;gl;lhy; ehq;fs; rPHjpUj;j thjpfNs vd;W gjpy; $WthHfNs mj;jifa ngha;aHfspd; jPa nray;fs; njspthfg;gl;Ls;sd! MapDk; vy;NyhiuAk; tpl a+jHfSf;Nf ,e;j trdq;fs; kpfTk; nghUe;jp tUfpd;wd. vnddpy; a+jHfs;jhd; kWikia Kw;wpYkhfg; Gwf;fzpj;Jtpl;lhHfs;. vr;rupf;iffSk; gbg;gpidfSk; epiwe;j ePz;l tuyhW mtHfsplk; ,Ue;Jk;$l kWikia Kw;whf kwe;Jtpl;ldH. A+jHfsplk; fhzg;gLk; kWik gw;wpa ,j;jifa myl;rpag; Nghf;F - mwptpay;> jj;Jtk;> njhopy; El;gk;> murpay; Nghd;w Jiwfspy; jPHf;fkhd gq;fhw;wpa mtHfspd; cyfshtpa gzpfspy; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jp tpl;ld. NkYk; murhq;fq;fs; kw;Wk; rl;l mikg;Gfspd; jpBH khw;wq;fspYk; Gul;rpfs; cUthdjpYk; ghjpg;ig Vw;gLj;jp tpl;ld. jq;fs; epGzj;Jtq;fisAk; nrayhw;;wy;fisAk; jFjp fisAk; Gj;jpf; $HikiaAk; mopTfukhd vjpHkiw eltbf;iffspy; mtHfs; gad;gLj;jpajw;Ff; fhuzKk; ,NjNghy kf;fspilNa gPjpiaAk; xOq;fpd;ikiaAk; gug;gpajw;Ff; fhuzKk; kWik gw;wpa mtHfspd; myl;rpa Nghf;Fjhd;! NkYk; xNu ,dj;jplk; kl;LNk -mJjhd; gupRj;j ,];uhaPy; (a+j) ,dk;- xNu kf;fsplk; kl;LNk - mtHfs;jhd; my;yh`;tpdhy; NjHe;njLf;fg;gl;l kf;fs; (a+jHfs; vdf; fUjpf;nfhz;L) mtH fsplk; kl;LNk jiyikj;JtKk; vy;yh rf;jpfSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vDk; Ra eyDf;fhff; fLk; Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhz;ljw;Ff; fhuzKk; kWik gw;wpa mtHfspd; myl;rpg; Nghf;Fjhd;.

kdpjdpd; FWfpa mwpTk; ,iwtdpd; ngupa QhdKk;

gpd;dH cyfj;ijg; gw;wpa ,e;jf; FWfpa rpe;jidiaAk; Fiwgl;l mwpitAk; FHMd; kPz;Lk; xUKiw rhLfpwJ. gue;J tpupe;j ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;ij KOikahfjhd; mwpe;J tpl;ljhf kdpjid thjhlr; nra;tJ ,e;jf; Fiwgl;l mwpTjhd;. G+kpiaAk; thdq;fisAk; mtw;wpYs;s vy;yhg; gilg;GfisAk; Fwpg;ghf tpz;kPd;fs;> Nfhs;fs;> fhw;W kz;lyk;> #dpag;gFjp Mfpa midj;ijAk; jhd; mwpe;J tpl;ljhf mtidf; fUjr;nra;fpwJ! mJ kl;Lky;y ,iw tdpd; mwpTk; Mw;wYk; vtw;iwnay;yhk; #o;e;jpUf;fpwNjh mit vy;yhtw;iwAk; jdJ mwptpd; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo; nfhz;L te;J tpl;ljhf kdpjid mtdJ FWfpa mwpTjhd; ek;gr; nra;fpwJ! ,j;jifa mwpitg; ngw;wpUg;gtHfs; jkJ mwpT Fwpj;J ngUkpjg;gl;Lf;nfhs;fpwhHfs;.> ngUik mbf;fpwhHfs;! ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;ijg; gw;wpa jkJ Ma;itg; ngupJk; giwrhw;wpf; nfhs;fpwhHfs;. Mdhy; cz;ik vd;dntdpy;> ,tHfs; mwpe;J itj;jpUf; Fk; midj;Jk; flypd; xUJsp$l ,Uf;fhJ. gue;j ghiyntspapd; XH mZitf;$l mtHfs; vl;bg; gpbj;jpUf;f KbahJ! ,j;jifa jw;ngUik> ,Wkhg;G> jhq;fs; fw;Ws;s tp\aq;fs; kPJk; Ma;Tfs; kPJk; ngUkpjg;gL tJ> xU Fwpg; gpl;l fhyfl;lj;jpy; kdpj mwpT fz;Lgpbf;Fk; mwptpay; fUt+yk; kPJ mjpfg;gbahf ek;gpf;ifitg;gJ> mjw;F mg;ghYs;s midj;ijAk; kWg;gJ kw;Wk; ,j;jifa FWfpa rpe;jid> FWfpaghHit Mfpaitjhd; ,e;j cyfhajf; nfhs;ifia -mjDila midj;Jf; fUj;JfSlDk; cUthf;fpj; je;j er;Rf; fpUkpahFk;. NtW thHj;ijapy; nrhy;tjhdhy; cyfhajf; nfhs;ifia mjd; midj;J tpjkhd jPikfSlDk; Fog;gq;fSlDk; cyfpy; Njhw;Wtpj;j %y Ez;Zapup ,JNt MFk;! ,JNt kdpjdpd; topjtwpa rpe;jidg; Nghf;fhFk;. ,JNt mtidr; rpynghOJ mf;fpukk; nra;tjw;Fk; mopr;rhl;bak; Guptjw;Fk; J}z;LfpwJ.rpynghOJ jdf;Fk; nja;tPfj; jd;ik cz;nld thjpLk; epiyf;F mtidf; nfhz;L nry;fpwJ. NkYk; ahUf;F cz;ikahd mwpT Qhdj;ijAk;

114

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 103 - 105

tpupthd -Mokhd rpe;jidiaAk; my;yh`; toq;fpAs;shNdh mtHfs; kPJ nfhLik nra;aj; J}z;L tJk; ,e;j kdg;Nghf;Fjhd;! ,jidNa Fifj;NjhoHfspd; rupijapy; ehk; ghHj;Njhk;! ,j;jifa topjtwpa rpe;jidg;Nghf;F> rpy Neuk;> fz; Kd;Nd cs;s nghUs;fis- jw;fhypfr; rhjdq;fis kl;Lk; ek;GkhW J}z;LfpwJ. fhdy;ePiu xj;j ,e;j cyf tho;it Nerpf;Fk;gb miof;fpwJ. cyfpNyNa epiyahf tho;e;J nfhz;bUf;fyhk; vd;Wk; ,d;g EfHTr; rhjdq;fs; midj;Jk; ePbj;J epw;Fk; vd;Wk; kdpjid cWjpahf ek;gr; nra;fpwJ. ,jdhy; ,j;jifa tho;f;ifr; rhjq;fisf; Fiwthfg; ngw;wpUf;Fk; kf;fis ,opthff; fUJk;gbAk; J}z;L fpwJ. ,jidNa ,UNjhl;lq;fs; cila nry;te;jdpd; rupijapy; ehk; ghHj;Njhk;! ,NjNghy Kjy; ghHitapy; xUnghUs; jtW vdg;gl;lhy;- mwptpd; Njl;lj;jpw;Fk; ntspg;gil ahd czHTf;Fk; Kuzhfj; njd;gl;lhy; clNd mJ Fwpj;J xUtpjkhd tpag;igAk; jpfpiyAk; Vw;gLj;JtJk; ,e;j Fiwgl;l kdpj mwpTjhd;! ,jidNa %]h - fps;H rupijapy; ehk; fz;Nlhk;! ,t;thNw FWfpa ghHitj;jpwd;nfhz;l kdpjdpd; tpopfs; njhiytpy; cs;sij mUfpy; ,Ug;g jhfTk; Nghypia cz;ikahfTk; jtwhff; fhz;gpj;Jf; nfhLf;fpwJ. ,t;tpjk;jhd; #upad; NrW epiwe;j fU epw eP&w;wpy; kiwtJNghy; Jy;fHidd; kd;dUf;Fj; njd;gl;lJ!

¢�]�W8Y< ~)X.Y( \WN [l[�X4Y� �YbY$YDY� Z§X8c/�� YlZ�X4Y� ]À]'Y �]�W� \c3Y< ““(mtH Nkw;F Nehf;fpg;Gwg;gl;lhH) vJtiunadpy; (ele;J ele;J)#upad; m];jkpf;Fk vy;iyia mtH mile;jnghOJ mq;Nf #upad; fUepwr; NrWepiwe;j ejpapy; kiwe;J nfhz;bUg;gjhff; fz;lhH”

115

,t;tpjNk rgh ehl;L murp fz;zhb khspifapDs; Eioe;j nghOJ mq;Nf jz;zPH Xbf; nfhz;Uf;fpwJ vdf; fUjp Vkhe;jhH. jz;zPH kPJjhd; elf;fg; NghfpNwhk; vd epidj;J (jd; fhw;rl;ilia)f; fuz;ilf; fhy;fSf;F Nky; caHj;jpdhH.

i�c�Y8[� i¶X�Yo [!cIW� ]>�]? �Y�X.]?�Y� X)Y( XG]2Y/]K Y� ��cv� [!X3YA�*Y< [!X�JY� �c8]']N Y¶X�c��� Z0[:X�� �Y�]� ]0X.W? Y�X�Z��Y�]? X)W� ““,k;khspifapDs; EiotPuhf vd;W mtUf;F (murpf;F) $wg;gl;lJ. mtH mjidg; ghHj;jNghJ mJ jz;zPH jlhfk;jhd; vdf; fUjpdhH. mjdhy; jd; fhw;rl;ilia caHj;jpdhH. mtH (Riy khd;) $wpdhH: ,J fz;zhb gjpf;fg;gl;l khspifahFk;” 116

,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; ,Wjpg; gFjp mjd; njhlf;fj;Jld; kpfTk; nghUj;jkhdjha; mike;J gpd; tUk; tp\aq;fSf;F Mjhukhfj; jpfo;fpwJ: my;yh`;tpd; Qhdk;jhd; kdpjdpd; mwpit tplTk; kpf caHe;jJ. kfj;Jtk; nghUe;jpaJ. ,t;Tyfk;> kdpjd; mwpe;J itj;jpUg;gij tplTk; kpf tpupthdJ. tpupthd fUj;Jfis cs;slf; fpa my;yh`;tpd; fypkhf;fs; 117

Fwpj;J kdpjdpd; mwptpdhy; KOikahf mwpe;jpl KbahJ> ,e;jg; g+kpapYs;s kuq;fs; midj;Jk; vOJ Nfhy;fshdhYk; fly;fs; ahTk; ikahdhYk ; 118

mit midj;Jk; my;yh`; tpd; fypkhf;fis vOjp Kbj;jplg; NghJkhfhJ!

115

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 86 116

,e;j tuyhW KOtJk; #uj;Je; ek;ypy; ,lk; ngw;Ws;sJ. 117

&`{y; kMdpapy; my;yhkh MY}rp mtHfs; $WfpwhHfs;: my;yh`; tpd; fypkhf;fs; vDk; nrhy; mtdJ mwpT kw;Wk; Qhdq;fisf; Fwpf; Fk;. ,t;thWk; $wg;gl;ls;sJ: my;yh`;tpd; fypkhf;fs; vd;gJ my;yh`; tpd; mw;wy;fs;> mjpfhuq;fs;> ,ufrpaq;fs; Mfpatw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk;. mtw;wpy; vijNaDk; ntspg;gLj;j my;yh`; ehbdhy; MFf vd;Wjhd; mjw;F MizapLthd;.> mJ MfptpLk;. 118

,d;iwa mwptpay;> Kw;fhyj;jpy; kdpjdpd; cs;sj;jpy; cjpf;fhj vj;jidNah tp\aq;fisf; fz;Lgpbj;Jtpl;lJ. vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf> ,e;jg; Nguz;lj;jpd; vy;iyapy;yh epiy> el;rj;jpuq;fSf;Fk; Nfhs;fSf;Fk; cs;s gpukpg;g+l;Lk; J}uk;> Nfhs;fSf;Fk; g+kpf;Fk; cs;s jpifg;g+l;Lk; njhiyT> xspapd; gaz Ntfk;> xt;nthU ghy;ntspapYk; Nfhlhd Nfhbf; fzf;fpy; ,Ug;gjhff; fzpf;fg;gLk; tpz; kPd;fspd; vz;zpf;if> ePz;l neLe;njhiytpYs;s Vuhdkhd tpz; kPd; Fohk; cyfq;fs;> mq;nfy;yhk; cs;s tpz;kPd; $l;lq;fspd; vz;zpf;if> xd;Wf;Fk; mjpfkhd #upa FLk;gq;fs;> el;rj; jpuq;fs; kw;Wk; #upadpd; gug;gsT> mtw;wpd; vil> ,e;jg; gpukhzlkhd Nfhsq;fis xOq;fikj;J tuf;$ba> thd ntspapy; mtw;wpw;fpilNa cs;s tpfpjhr;rhuj;ijAk; rkepiyiaAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jpitf;ff;$ba me;juq;f Mw;wy;fs; kw;Wk; tpaj;jF epajpfs;> g+kpapy; capH tho;tjw;Fg; ghJfhg;G mspf;ff;$ba El;gkhd ,ufrpaq;fs;> jiuf;Fk; flYf;Fk;

�Y%a�ZD X�]� Y� \z Y� [�]�8W']K Y$]2X%Y� aJ ]0XAW? [�XhYAa�� Y$W2Y%]� \z Y� W��Y8W']�W� �k��Y$W� [�XhYAa�� ]�]K X�]� a0? �k�Y$Y� W!W'auW8Z “(egpNa!) $WtPuhf: vd; ,iwtdpd; thHj;ijfis vOJtjw;fhf (cyfpd;) fly;fs; midj; Jk; ikahdhYk; fly; ePH jPHe;J Ngha;tpLNkjtpu vd; ,iwtdpd; thHj;ijfs; Kbtile;JtplhJ! ,e;jf; fly;fSf;Fj; Jizahf ,itNghd;w NtW fly;fis ehk; nfhz;Lte;jhYk; rupNa! (mit Ak; Nghjkhl;lh)”

119 - Yf;khd; mj;jpahaj;jpy;.

]�8W']K X�Y$W2YI �Y� ~�[hX J �Y9XAY� WMW$X9Y X)W� [M�$[8Y� [�XhYAa�� Y� iP]�a?J ¢�Y�YvYq X)W� Z�X��� \WN �Y� dJ X�]�Y� � � [� Ri;X.W�Y< iHX�ZHY( � � dW� ““G+kpapYs;s midj;J kuq;fSk; vOJNfhy;fshdhYk; xUfly; (iknfhz;L vOjp) Kbe;j gpd;dH NkYk; VO fly;fs; mjw;Fj;Jizahf te;jhYk; my;yh`;tpd; thHj;ijfis vOjp Kbj; jpl KbahJ. my;yh`; ahtw;iwAk; kpifj;jtd;. Ez;zwpthsd;” 110

egpj;Jtj;jpd; NjitAk; egpapd; jdpr; rpwg;Gk; ,q;Nf xU Nfs;tp vOfpwJ: ,e;jg; Nguz;lk; ,j;Jiz tpupthfTk; vz;zw;wg; gilg;gpdq; fis cs;slf;fpajhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;nghOJ> midj;J kuq;fSk; vOJ Nfhy;fshdhYk; VOfly; fSk; ikahdhYk; ,iwtdpd; thHj;ijfis vOjpl mit NghJkhfhJ vDk;nghOJ - ,it midj;JNk kdpj Mw;wYf;F mg;ghw;gl;lJ vDk; nghOJ - kdpjdpd; mwpTf;Fk; Muha;r;rpf;Fk; mg;ghw;gl;lJ vDk; nghOJ> kdpjd; jd; ,iwtid mwpe;J nfhs;tJ vg;gb? mtDila jd;ik fisAk; rhd;WfisAk; mwptjw;F vd;d top? tho;f;ifapd; GjpUf;F tpil fhz;gnjg;gb? ew;NgW fisAk; ntw;wpiaAk; kdpjdhy; vq;qdk; mila KbAk;? egpf;F> kw;wtH kPJ vd;d rpwg;G? mtH jhd; kdpjH Mapw;Nw! kdpj mwpT Fiwgl;lJ.> kdpjdJ nray; xU tiuaiwf;F cl;gl;lJ vd;gJ Kd;dNu xg;Gf;nfhs;sg;gl;ljhapw;Nw! ,j;jifa midj;Jf; Nfs;tpfSf;Fk; ,e;jj; jpUtrdk; gjpy; jUfpwJ. egp (]y;) mtHfspd; ehtpd; %yNk mJ mwptpf;fpwJ ,t;thW:

i$W<�Y� i!]�W� X;�[�]�W� �Y8cI]� c&]�W� \Y<X�[� X;�'auW� i�Y/Y �YI]� �Y8cIW� a0? ““(egpNa!) $WtPuhf: ehd; cq;fisg; Nghd;w xU kdpjNd! jpz;zkhf cq;fs; ,iwtd; xNu ,iwtd;jhd; (mtidj; jtpu NtW ,iwtd; ,y;iy)vd;W vdf;F t`p mwptpf;fg;gLfpwJ”

111

Mk;! ve;j mwpTQhdk; ,d;wp kdpjdhy; vt;tpj ew;Ngw;iw Ak; mila KbahNjh me;j mwpT Qhdj;jpd; %y Cw;W ,e;j t`pNa MFk;. mJNt xU egpf;Fupa jdpr; rpwg;gpd; ufrpak;! -“ehd; cq;fisg; Nghd;w kdpjdhfNt ,Uf;fpNwd;. Mdhy; my;yh`; vdf;F ‘ t`p ’ mDg;Gfpwhd;”

,Wjpapy; kWik!

my;yh`; ,e;j mj;jpahaj;ij - kWTyfk; gw;wp vLj; Jiuj;jy;> mjidf; nfsutpj;jy;> cyf tho;f;iff;Fk; mjd; xt;nthU gzpf;Fk; kWTyfk; xd;iwNa mbg;gilahf mikj;jpl miog;GtpLj;

,ilNa cs;s tpfpjhr;rhu ,ufrpak; kw;Wk; El;gkhd mikg;G - ,it jtpu etPd Nfhspay; nfhz;Ls;s mwpTfs;> jj;Jtq;fs; Nghd;w gy cz;ikfis ,d;iwa mwptpay;Jiw cyfpw;F toq;fpAs;sJ. ,it kl;Lky;y> capupay; kw;Wk; rhTf;Fg;gpd;dha;Tf;fiy ((((Postma rtem) jhtu ,ay;> tpyq;fpay; Mfpatw;iwj; jtpu ,d;Dk; gy El;gkhd> mjpf msT tpupthd mwptpay; Jiwfs; cs;sd. ,it midj;Jk; Kw;fhy kdpjdpd; fw;gid apYk; fdtpYk;$l Njhd;wpapUf;ftpy;iy. Mdhy; ,d;Nwh ,j;jifa fy;tpfspd; xt;nthU gpupTf;Fk; ngupangupa E}y; epiyaq;fs; cUthfptpl;ld. mtw;wpw;Nfd vz;zw;w Muha;r;rpf; $lq;fSk; epWtg;gl;Ltl;ld! ,e;j mwpTfs; midj;jpw;Fk; mg;ghy; kdpjdhy; mwpag;glhj tp\aq;fs; ngUk; mstpy; cs;sd. mit> mtdhy; mwpag;glhjtw;NwhL vt; tifapYk; xg;gpl Kbahj msTf;F mit kpfkpf mjpfk;! (egpNa!) $WtPuhf: vd; ,iwtdpd; Qhdq;fis (fypkhf;fis) vOJtjw;fhff; fly; midj;Jk; ikahdhYk; . . . . . (18 : 109) 119

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 109 110

#uj;J Yf;khd; 27 111

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 110

jy; Mfpatw;iwf;nfhz;L Kbj;J itf;fpwhd;. (,k;ik> kWik) xt;nthd;Wf;Fk; jdpj;jdp mky; cz;L! ,e;j mj;jpahaj;jpd; ,Wjpia> mjd; njhlf;fj;Jld; ,izj;J itj;jhd;.> mj;jpahak; KOtjpYk; CLWtp epw;Fk; capNuhl;lj;NjhL ,iae;jjha; mikj;J itj;jhd;. ,Wjpahf my;yh`; $Wfpwhd;:

X/[� ]} Y� �khW��Yo ��Y8Y( a0Y8X9Y.a']N W!z Y� �U�]xW� X�[DX�Y� ]�]K X)Y8]N�k$Y<J W!z Y� W�Y��YAW9Z XLZ� “vdNt ahH jd; ,iwtidr; re;jpf;f tpUk;GfpwhNuh mtH ew;gzp Gupal;Lk;. NkYk; topghl;by; jd; ,iwtNdhL ahiuAk; - vjidAk; ,izahf;fhky; ,Uf;fl;Lk;” 112

112

#uj;Jy; f`;/g; 110