তারাবীহর রাক'আত সংখ্যা - একটি...

Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY 2

Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY cÖKvkK:

nv‡dh gyKviig evDmv †n`vZxcvov, †Zu_ywjqv, evNv, ivRkvnx| †gvevBj: 01715-249694, 01722-684490

cÖ_g cÖKvk: †deª“qvix 2009 L„t dvêyb 1415 evsjv mdi 1430 wnRix

wØZxq ms¯‹iY: AvM÷ 2010

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K‡¤úvR: AvQ-wQivZ Kw¤úDUvm© bI`vcvov, mcyiv, ivRkvnx †dvbt 01722-684490

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TARABIHR RAKAT SONGKHA : AKTI TATTIK BISLASION By Muzaffar Bin Muhsin Published by: Hafiz Mukarram Bausha Hedatipara, Tethulia,

Bagha, Rajshahi, February 2009. Mobile: 01715-249694; 01722-684490 Fixed Price: 20.00 only.


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f~wgKv 4 cÖ_g Aa¨vq 1. 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni AKvU¨ cÖgvY 7 2. Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M Zvivexn&i QvjvZ 10

wØZxq Aa¨vq 1. gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶è `„wó‡Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n 12 2. GKRb Qvnvexi bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv 15 3. Ab¨vb¨‡ì bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv 17

Z…Zxq Aa¨vq wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨

(M) RMZ‡kªô Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨ (N) cÖL¨vZ nvbvdx Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨

PZz_© Aa¨vq 1. Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexni Qvjv‡Zi ivKÔAvZ msL¨v 18 2. Bgvg‡ì bv‡g D×„Z wZiwghxi e³‡eï ch©v‡jvPbv 19 3. Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvi e³‡eï Ace¨vL¨v 21 4. `yBwU we‡kl g~jbxwZ

cÂg Aa¨vq wewfbœ cÖZviYv I Ac‡KŠkj 1. 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv `vex; wbw®Œq cÖeÂbvi be ms¯‹iY 2. †Luvov hyw³i AeZviYv; m~h©wKiY †iv‡a †RvbvwKi Avùvjb 3. Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbx; kixÔAvZ weK…wZi bZzb GK cš’v

(K) kvqLyj nv`xm gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK-Gi eyLvixi Abyev` cÖm½ (L) AvaywbK cÖKvkbx KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Qnxn eyLvixi Abyev` (M) wgkKv‡Zi Abyev` cÖm½

4. Zvivexn kã wb‡q weåvwš— 5. hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi c‡¶ IKvjwZ 6. g°v I g`xbvi gmwR‡ì Zvivexn wb‡q mskq 7. nv`xQ weK…wZi `ytmvnm

Dcmsnvi: cwiwkó


wemwgj−v-wni ingv-wbi inxg �� !�� "#� �$��

f~wgKv: ÔQvjvZzZ ZvivexnÕ GKwU ¸i“Z¡c~Y© bdj QvjvZ| ivgvhvb gv‡m wQqvg cvj‡bi cvkvcvwk A‡Xj †bKx AR©‡bi Rb¨ hZ¸‡jv gva¨g i‡q‡Q Zvi g‡a¨ Zvivexn Ab¨Zg| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt) D³ QvjvZ Av`v‡qi cÖwZ Drmvne¨ÄK fvlvq DØy× K‡i‡Qb| Qvnvex‡`i wb‡q ¸i“‡Z¡i mv‡_ Av`vq K‡i Zvivexni cªwZ Av‡iv †ekx AvK…ó K‡i‡Qb| ZvB 11 gv‡mi i¶Ykvjv ˆZwii we‡kl j‡¶¨ ZvK¡Iqvi cuywR mÂq Kiv meviB KZ©e¨| Z‡e Aek¨B Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e MÖnY‡hvM¨ c×wZ‡Z, hv‡Z cwikªg wed‡j bv hvq| Avj−vn&i wbKU Bev`Z MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqvi Rb¨ cÖavb `yÕwU kZ© i‡q‡Q| (1) GKgvÎ Avj−vn&i mš‘wói Rb¨ Av`vq Kiv| (2) H Bev`Z ivm~j (Qvt) †h c×wZ‡Z Av`vq K‡i‡Qb †mB c×wZ‡Z Av`vq Kiv| (m~iv Kvnd 110; gymwjg nv/4468, 2/77)| AZGe †h AvgjB †nvK bv †Kb †mB Avgj I Zvi c×wZ MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e †Kej cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`xQ †_‡K| a‡g©i bv‡g mgv‡R cÖPwjZ †Kvb hCd I Rvj nv`xQ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| QvjvZ Av`v‡qi c×wZ m¤ú‡K© ivm~jyj−vn (Qvt)-Gi we‡kl wb‡`©k nÕj, Ô†Zvgiv †mfv‡eB QvjvZ Av`vq Ki †hfv‡e Avgv‡K QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z †`LQÕ (eyLvix nv/631, 1/88; wgkKvZ nv/683)| ZvB Zvivexni QvjvZI †mfv‡eB Av`vq Ki‡Z n‡e †hfv‡e wZwb Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| me©vwaK weï× nv`xQMÖš’ Qnxn eyLvix I gymwjgmn Ab¨vb¨ nv`xQ MÖ‡š’i Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni gva¨‡g cªgvwYZ nq †h, ivm~j (Qvt) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg Zvivexni QvjvZ 8 ivKÔAvZB c‡o‡Qb| c¶vš—‡i 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni c‡¶ †h mg¯— eY©bv G‡m‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB Rvj wKsev hCd A_ev gybKvi, hv wek¦‡kªô wiRvjwe`M‡Yi M‡elYv Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| A_P gymwjg D¤§vni GKwU e„nr Ask D³ hCd I Rvj nv`xQ, `jxq †Muvovgx Ges Ace¨vL¨vi Kvi‡Y Qnxn mybœvn †gvZv‡eK Zvivexn cov †_‡K ewÂZ n‡”Q| mijcÖvY mvaviY gvbyl †hb cÖeÂbvc~Y© D³ AÜ †eovRvj, J×Z¨c~Y© wjLbx I Kzi“wPc~Y© e³e¨ †_‡K wd‡i G‡m GK KvZv‡i kvwgj n‡q Qnxn `jx‡ji AbymiY Ki‡Z cv‡i †m Rb¨B Avgv‡`i GB HKvwš—K cÖ‡Póv| †m j‡¶¨ wbeÜwU M‡elYv cwÎKv gvwmK AvZ-ZvnixK 7g el© A‡±vei I b‡f¤i 2003 msL¨vq cÖKvwkZ n‡q‡Q| Avgiv 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ weï× `jxj †ck Kivi cvkvcvwk gynvwÏQM‡Yi m~² g~jbxwZi Av‡jv‡K 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv¸‡jvi MÖnY‡hvM¨Zv we‡k−lY K‡iwQ| Avkv Kwi †jLvwU mwVK c‡_i AbymÜvbx I wbi‡c¶ ü`‡qi AwaKvix e¨w³i Rb¨ w`kvix we‡ewPZ n‡e BbkvAvj−vn| wg_¨v civf~Z †nvK, gnv mZ¨ weRqx †nvK GB cÖv_©bv KiwQ gnvb Avj−vni kv‡b- Avgxb!!

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Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i AKvU¨ cÖgvY

)& ( �()�*�+ ,)�-�.�� /0� ��1�2 �3�4�5,�� 6�7�8 ��9 ��:�� 3��8 ��9 �� ; �<��,+ �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; �0� �6�>�8�2 "#)�?�*��,�� ( ,�� <��,�@�A B�C,�D��2 ��A �E�F�E �C,�+ G�H�:�*�I ��A ,�� C,�D��2 ��A ��, ,��A ,J��29 ��K��$�E L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N ��

K��$�E �="O ��-��>"P� ��-�.�!�� 6�7�!�Q �="O ��-��>"P� ��-�.�!�� 6�7�!�Q ,��A ,J��2�9 �,LO,��O �K��$�E.

(1) Avey mvjvgv Beby Ave`yi ingvb (ivt) GK`v Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K wR‡Ám K‡ib †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivgvhv‡bi iv‡Zi1 QvjvZ †Kgb wQj? DË‡i wZwb e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m Ges ivgvhv‡bi evB‡i 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi †ekx QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb bv| wZwb cÖ_‡g (2+2) Pvi ivKÔAvZ co‡Zb| Zzwg (Avey mvjvgv) Zvi †mŠ›`h© I `xN©Zv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡iv bv| AZtci wZwb (2+2) Pvi ivKÔAvZ co‡Zb| Zzwg Zvi †mŠ›`h© I `xN©Zv m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám K‡iv bv| AZtci wZwb wZb ivKÔAvZ (weZi) co‡Zb|

nv`xQwU cÖvq mKj nv`xQ MÖ‡š’B ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|2 Gi weï×Zv m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbvi cÖkœB D‡V bv| KviY Bgvg eyLvix (194-256 wnt) I gymwjg (204-261 wnt) ¯ ¯ Qnxn MÖ‡š’ GwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|

1. Bgvg Aveyj ûmvBb gymwjg web nv¾vR Avj-KzkvBix, Qnxn gymwjg (wiqvh: `vi“m

mvjvg, 2000/1421), nv/1726; †`Ie›` Qvcv: AvQvnûj gvZ¡v‡eÕ, 1986), 1g LÊ, c„t 255| D³ nv`x‡Q ÔivZÕ kãwUi D‡j−L i‡q‡Q|

2. Bgvg Avey Avãyj−vn gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj Avj-eyLvix, Qnxn eyLvix (wiqvh: gvKZvevZz `vwim mvjvg, 1999 L„t/1417 wnt), nv/2013, 1147 I 3569; KivPx Qvcv: K¡v`xgx KzZzeLvbv, AvQvnûj gvZ¡v‡eÕ, 2q cÖKvkt 1381wnt/1961L„t), 1g LÊ, c„t 269, ÔZvivexn&i QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq-31, Ô†h ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Zvi dhxjZÕ Aby‡”Q`-1; Av‡iv `ªt 1g LÊ, c„t 154 I 504; e½vbyev` Qnxn eyLvix (XvKv: BmjvwgK dvD‡Ûkb, AvMviMuvI, †k‡ievsjv bMi, lô ms¯‹iY, AvM÷-2006), 3q LÊ, c„t 293, nv/1886 (1883); nv‡dh Be‡b nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix kviû Qnxwnj eyLvix (ˆei“Z: `vi“j KzZzwej Bjwgqvn, 1989/1410), 4_© LÊ, c„t 315, nv/2013; Qnxn


we‡kl K‡i Bgvg eyLvix (int) nv`xQwU �S�E� ��:)�T�� #,��)�; �U,�T�+ ÔZvivexni QvjvZÕ Aa¨v‡q eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|3 wZwb ÔZvnv¾y Õ Aa¨v‡q Ôivgvhvb I Ab¨ gv‡m ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q‡Ì nv`xQwU D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|4 GQvovI Ab¨ Av‡iKwU Aa¨v‡q nv`xQwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|5

D‡j−L¨ †h, Bgvg eyLvix (int) D³ wk‡ivbvg D‡j−L Ki‡jI fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡ki Qvcv Qnxn eyLvix †_‡K Zv ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| KviY nj, cÖ_gZt gymwjg mgv‡R wg_¨vPvi Kiv nq †h, ÔAv‡qkv (ivt)-Gi D³ nv`x‡Q Zvnv¾y‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡QÕ, ÔZvivexn I Zvnv¾y c„_K QvjvZÕ, ÔZvivexn 20 ivKÔAvZ Avi Zvnv¾y 11 ivKÔAvZÕ BZ¨vw`| wKš‘ Bgvg eyLvixi wk‡ivbv‡gi gva¨‡g D³ `vex¸‡jv wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ: Qnxn eyLvixi cvV`vb I cvVMÖnYKvix j¶ j¶ wk¶K-QvÎ I Ijvgv‡q †Kivg‡K †auvKv †Ìqvi †Póv Kiv n‡q‡Q| KviY Bgvg eyLvixi welqwU hLb Zviv eyS‡Z cvi‡eb ZLb Zv‡ì wbKU welqwU cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e †h, Zvivexni QvjvZ 8 ivKÔAvZ; 20 ivKÔAvZ bq| ZvB GB b¨°viRbK †KŠkj Aej¤b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Avgiv `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi †h, Qj-PvZzix K‡i Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ‡K KL‡bv †Mvcb

gymwjg nv/1723 I 1720, 1g LÊ, c„t 254, Ôgymvwd‡ii QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq-7, Ôiv‡Zi QvjvZ I ivm~‡ji Qvjv‡Zi ivKÔAvZ msL¨vÕ Aby‡”Q`-17; Qnxn mybv‡b Avey vE`, ZvnK¡xK¡: kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, 1998/1419), nv/1341, 1g LÊ, c„t 367, ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`-316; Qnxn mybvbyZ wZiwghx, ZvnK¡xK¡: kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, Zvwe), nv/439, 1g LÊ, c„t 99, ÔQvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-213; Qnxn bvmvC ZvnK¡xK¡: kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, Zvwe), nv/1697, 1g LÊ, c„t 191; Bgvg AveyeKi gynv¤§v` web BmnvK¡ Beby Lyhvqgvn Avb-bxmveyix, Qnxn Beby Lyhvqgvn, ZvnK¡xK¡: W. gynv¤§v` gyQZ¡dv Avj-AvRgx (êi“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1390), 2q LÊ, c„t 192, nv/1166; Bgvg gv‡jK web Avbvm, Avj-gyIqvË¡v (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), 1g LÊ, c„t 120; | Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j, gymbv`yj Bgvg Avngv` (†RÏv: gvKZvevZzj Lvhvi, 1996/1417), 6ô LÊ, 1g Ask, c„t 466 (6/104), nv/24844 I H LÊ, c„t 157 (6/36), nv/24182; evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4614, 2/698 c„t; Qnxn Avey AvIqvbvn 2/327 c„t; bvmvC, mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/609 c„t; H, Avj-gyRZev 2/721 c„t cÖgyL|

3. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2013, 1g LÊ, c„t 269|

4. �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; V��.�� ,�*�W �U,��:�*�I� �C,�D��2 ��A �?�*��,�� -Qnxn eyLvix 1g LÊ, c„t

154, nv/1147| 5. Qnxn eyLvix 1g LÊ, c„t 504, nv/3569, ÔgvbvwK¡eÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-24|


Kiv hvq bv| Qnxn eyLvix ïay Dcgnv‡`‡kB Qvcv nq bv; eis we‡k¦i eû †`‡k Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Zvi Qvcv‡bvi eë ’v K‡i †i‡L‡Qb| ZvB wmwiqv, wgmi, Kz‡qZ, †jevbb, mE`x Aviemn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k Qnxn eyLvix hZ evi Qvcv‡bv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB D³ wk‡ivbvg envj i‡q‡Q, Zv cyivZb †nvK Avi bZzb †nvK| Avd‡mvm! nK¡ †Mvcb Kivi GB †KŠkjx eëmv Avi KZ w`b Pj‡e!!

D³ nv`xQ †_‡K ¯úófv‡e cÖgvwYZ nq †h, ivgvhvb gv‡m †nvK Avi Ab¨ gv‡m †nvK ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivwÎi QvjvZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi †ekx co‡Zb bv| hvi g‡a¨ AvU ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn ev Zvnv¾y Avi wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi| Av‡iv cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y GKB QvjvZ, wfbœ †Kvb QvjvZ bq| ZvB Bgvg eyLvix nv`xQwU ÔZvnv¾y Õ Qvjv‡Zi Aa¨v‡qI eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|6

D³ nv`x‡Qi weï×Zv m¤ú‡K© Ø¨_©nxb K‡É ejv hvq †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi QvjvZ A_©vr Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y‡ì ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i Gi †P‡q AwaK weï× nv`xQ c„w_ex‡Z Avi †bB| GQvov Avey mvjvgv Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivgvhvb gv‡mi ivwÎi QvjvZ m¤ú‡K©B wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi ZviB Rev‡e wZwb 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v D‡j−L K‡ib|

Av‡iv ¯úó nq †h, nv`xQwU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb gv Av‡qkv (ivt)| Avi ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎKvjxb Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© Ab¨vb¨‡ì †P‡q gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-B me‡P‡q †ekx Rvb‡eb| †hgbwU nv‡dh Be‡b nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx (773-852 wnt) D³ nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbvq e‡jb,

,�H�:�*�I ��V� ,L��*�� =��8� ��*�� /0� ��; V��.�� 6,�� =��9 ,�-��>�+.

Ôivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© Ab¨‡ì †P‡q wZwbB †ekx Rvb‡eb GUvB ¯vfvweKÕ|7 AZGe Øx‡bi cÖK…Z Abymvix‡ì Rb¨ GB GKwU nv`xQB h‡_ó|

6. Qnxn eyLvix nv/1147, 1g LÊ, c„t 154, ÔZvnv¾y QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-16| 7. nv‡dh Be‡b nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, dvrûj evix kviû Qnxwnj eyLvix (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze

Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1989 L„t/1410 wnt), 4_© LÊ, c„t 319, nv/2013-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|


)X ( ��)�A �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; �0� "6�>�8�2 ,�.�� ; �6,�W �0� �� :��,�Y �� :�Q� �9� Z[,��+�2 �C,��O �C,�D��2 �:�-�\ .. ��)�A �C,)�� )�� 3)��E�F�] �� 2

,��-�*��*��;. (2) Rvwei Beby Ave`yj−vn (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì mv‡_ 8 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb Ges weZi c‡o‡Qb..|

nv`xQwU K‡qKwU m~‡Î nvmvb mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|8 Avj−vgv hvnvex (673-748 wnt) Zuvi Ôgxhvbyj BÔwZ`vjÕ MÖ‡š’ nv`xQwU D‡j−L Kivi ci e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` DËg —‡iiÕ A_©vr nvmvb|9 kvqL bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` nvmvbÕ|10 Beby Lyhvqgvi gynvw°K¡ W. gynv¤§v` gyQZ¡dv Avj-AvÔRvgx e‡jb, ÔGi mb` nvmvbÕ|11 D‡j−L¨, nv`xQwU‡K †KD †KD Î“wUc~Y© ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì `vex mwVK bq|

) ^ ( /0� ��)�; �0� �6�>�8�2 ��N Z_��+ �� "9 Ga,�Y �6,�W �0� �� :��,�Y �� 6,)�W �C,�D)��2 ��A bc�*�\ �3��*�� V.�� C,�+ ��N �0� �6�>�8�2 ,�E �6,�@�A �=��8� ��*��

8. Avj−vgv kvgmyj nK¡ Avhxgvev`x, AvIbyj gvÔe~ ki‡n Avey vE` (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze

Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), 4_© LÊ, c„t 175; nv/1372-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt; wKqvgyj jvBj nv/114, c„t 90; Qnxn Be‡b Lyhvqgvn nv/1070, 2/138 c„t, ÔweZi QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq; gynv¤§v` Beby wneŸvb, Qnxn Be‡b wneŸvb (‰ei“Z: gyAvmmvmvZzi wimvjvn, 1993/1414), nv/2409 I 2415, 6 lô LÊ, c„t 169 I 173, Bnmvb mn nv/2407, 6/169-70 c„t; ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyQ QvMxi, 2q LÊ, c„t 127, nv/526; b~i“Ïxb Avjx web AveyeKi Avj-nvqQvgx, gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` (êi“Z: `vi“j wdKi, 1412), 3/402 c„t, nv/5020; gymbv‡` Avey Bqvjv cÖf„wZ|

9. bd)�8� ��e,�.)�8�N -Bgvg hvnvex, gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj dx bvK¡wì wiRvj (êi“Z: `vi“j gvÔ‡idvn, Zvwe), 3/311-12 c„t|

10. f��!�� .�8 � -gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx, QvjvZzZ Zvivexn (êi“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, wØZxq cÖKvk: 1985 L„t/1405 wnt), c„t 18; dvrûj evix 3/16 c„t, nv/1129-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

11. f��!�� e,�.�8�N-Qnxn Be‡b Lyhvqgvn nv/1070-Gi UxKv `ªt, 2q LÊ, c„t 138|


�e ��A b#�>�!�� 6,�W B��"9 ,�E �g��h,�� 6,�W B�i�Q,��$�� K��$�.�A �Cj�:"@�� "9�:@�� ,k��N ��"W �M�2��.�8 �<��,�l�A �[�:�Q� �9 � Z[,��+�2 �C,��O ��-�� <�*��$�A,Lm�*�\ ?"@�E �=��A ��1V:�� "3.

(3) Rvwei Beby Avãyj−vn (ivt) e‡jb, GK`v DevB Beby KvÔe (ivt) ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wbK‡U Dcw ’Z n‡q e‡jb, †n Avj−vn&i ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)! ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎ‡Z Avgvi c¶ †_‡K GKwU NUbv N‡U †M‡Q| wZwb ej‡jb, †n DevB †mUv Kx? ZLb DevB Beby KvÔe ej‡jb, gwnjviv Avgvi evox‡Z Dcw ’Z n‡q ejj, Avgiv KziAvb †ZjvIqvZ Ki‡Z Rvwb bv, ZvB Avgiv Avcbvi Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Z cvwi wK?| AZtci Avwg Zv‡ì mv‡_ 8 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iwQ Ges weZi c‡owQ| G‡Z ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †Kvb gš—e¨ Ki‡jb bv| ZvB GUv †gŠb m¤§wZg~jK mybœvZ|12

Bgvg nvqQvgx (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` nvmvbÕ|13 kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔAvgvi wbKU nv`xQwUi mb` nvmvb nIqviB cÖgvY enb K‡iÕ|14 D‡j−L¨, D³ nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© gvIjvbv bxgfx nvbvdxmn †KD †KD nvjKv gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix (int) D³ gš—‡eï wei“‡× Bgvg hvnvex I Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbxi fvl¨ †ck K‡i ch©v‡jvPbv‡š— e‡jb,

�C,�� 3��E�F�] �� n��:�]�� VE�o�E� �U��>�$�� >�H bd�8� ��e,�.�8�N �C�7�� l��A �p�E�)�� -�4�E� M�>��*V.�� 6,�W ,�� q�N �(�T��E,�� ,��-�*��*��; ��A �p�E�� r�H

"+r�� 3�4�5,�� "p�E�� r�H Z:��,�Y�2�>.

12. gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` nv/2387, 2q LÊ, c„t 222; gynv¤§v` Beby bvQi Avj-gviƒhx, wK¡qvgy ivgvhvb, c„t 18; Aveyj K¡v‡mg myjvqgvb Beby Avngv` AvZ-ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj AvImvZ¡ (Kvq‡iv: `vi“j nvivgvBb, 1415), 4/108, nv/3731; Avey Bqvjv 4/369, nv/1761; Ave`yj−vn Beby Avngv`, Avj-gymbv` 5/115 c„t|

13. f��!)�� e,�.)�8�N-gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` 2/222 c„t; Bgvg Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix, ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx weki‡n Rv‡gDZ wZiwghx (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1990/1410), ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/442 c„t|

14. �M��.�� *�!��T�� "?��T��E ��.�8� -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 68|

8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i AKvU¨ cÖgvY


ÔmyZivs wm×vš— nÕj- Gi mb` DËg| Avi GUvB mwVK| Beby Lyhvqgvn I Beby wneŸvb GB nv`xQ‡K Zv‡ì `yB Qnxn MÖ‡š’ D‡j−L Kivq Zv‡K Av‡iv kw³kvjx K‡i‡Q| myZivs bxgfx Kx e‡j‡Qb Zvi w`‡K åƒ‡¶c Kivi cÖ‡qvRb †bB| GQvovI Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`xQ Rv‡e‡ii nv`x‡Qi mv¶xÕ|15

mivmwi ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi c¶ †_‡K gvid‚Õ m~‡Î ewY©Z DcwiD³ Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni gva¨‡g AKvU¨fv‡e cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, Zvivexni QvjvZ 8 ivKÔAvZ; Gi †ekx bq| ZvB kvqL Avjevbx (int) D³ `jxj mg~n †ck Kivi ci e‡jb,

�s��8 ,�� ,�.�� *��Q L3)��+�2 �#�:�4)�� M��N �>�H ,��N �?�*�� ,�*�W �[,��+�2 �e�� C�9 �:�-t�E ��*�A ,�.��7�Q ��h�N � �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; �0� �6�>�8�2 �?��A �� S�*��$�� Vu�.�,��

�=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; ��9 Zv�>�1�>�� ,�.�� E�F�E,�� Q,�*�� 3��*�P �e�� r�H �� :��T�8�� *��8 ��:�*�I ��A � �9 �C,�D��2 ��A �i��h wa��>.

Ôhv c~‡e© Dwj−wLZ nj Zv‡Z Avgv‡ì wbKU ¯úó n‡q‡Q †h, ivwÎi Qvjv‡Zi ivKÔAvZ msL¨v nÕj 11, hv ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Avgj †_‡K Qnxn `jx‡ji gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| hLb Avgiv welqwU Mfxifv‡e Dcjwä Kwi ZLb Avgv‡ì wbKU wèv‡jv‡Ki b¨vq ¯úó nq †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zuvi my xN© Rxe‡b GB msL¨vi DciB Ae¨vnZ avivq Avgj K‡i‡Qb| Gi AwZwi³ wKQz K‡ibwb- Zv ivgvhvb gv‡m †nvK ev Zvi evB‡i †nvKÕ|16

AZGe D¤§‡Z gynv¤§v`xi Dc‡i Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ nÕj, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi GB mybœvZ‡K k³fv‡e nv‡Z ùv‡Z AuvK‡o aiv| KviY wZwb †Kvb wel‡q wm×vš— w`‡j †m wel‡q †Kvb gymwjg bi-bvixi †¯”QvcÖ‡Yvw`Z n‡q wKQy Kivi AwaKvi _v‡K bv| hw` †KD Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji wm×v‡š—i evB‡i hvq Zvn‡j †m c_åó n‡e| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

15. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/442| 16. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 22|


�>�8�2� �� D�W ��h�N Z3�.��o�� ,�� Z��o�� C,�+ ,�� C�9 �J:��9 ��"� �E �>"l "#�:)�*�x�� =�-�� C�� =�H�:��9 �� u��E �>�8�2� ��*�� ,L�,��1 �?�1 ��@�A ��,J..

ÔAvi Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j †Kvb wel‡q wm×vš— w`‡j †Kvb gywgb cyi“l ev †Kvb gywgb bvixi †m wel‡q wfbœ wm×v‡š—i AwaKvi _v‡K bv| †h Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~j‡K Agvb¨ Ki‡e †m ¯úóB c_åó n‡eÕ (m~iv Avnhve 36)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn e‡jb,

�>�.��o�E �� iV��2� � �A �>��Kl��E ��T�� C �*�A �g ��)�A � ��)�y�E �� =)"O �=�-�.�*�� :�y�\ ,�� 9�*��!�Q �>��K��!�E� �<�*�D�W ,��V� ,JY�:�� =�-�!"z,J�.

ÔAvcbvi cÖwZcvj‡Ki kc_! Zviv gywgb n‡Z cvi‡e bv hZ¶Y ch©š— Zviv Zv‡ì weev`-wem¤v‡ì wePvifvi Avcbvi Dci Ac©Y bv Ki‡e; AZtci Avcbvi †Ìqv wm×vš— m¤‡Ü Zv‡ì g‡b †Kvb wØav _vK‡e bv Ges me©vš—Ki‡Y Zv †g‡b †b‡eÕ (m~iv wbmv 65)|

Av‡iv wbw`©ó K‡i ejv n‡q‡Q †h, †Kvb wel‡q gZv‰bK¨ †`Lv w`‡j Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji wm×v‡š—i w`‡K wd‡i †h‡Z n‡e| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

�E�r�� ,�-E�9 ,�E �*�P�9 �>�.��j �� *�P�9� �� >�� >�8�:�� >�� .�� :��G{� �� "9� �6 C�|�A �="l �=�T��},�.�Q ��A � e�:�A Za��\ �>�8�:�� N �� C�N �6 �."+ �>�.��o�Q �=�T �i)��h �:�]~� ��>�*�� ,�� C

��!��9� f:�*�]�E� 7�Q L . Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ whwb kvmK Zvi| †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †Kvb wel‡q gZ‡f` nÕ†j †mUv‡K Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI, hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Zi cÖwZ wek¦vmx n‡q _vK| GUvB Kj¨vYKi I cwiYwZi w`K †_‡K DËgÕ (m~iv wbmv 59)|

D³ Ø¨_©nxb †NvlYv m‡Ë¡I hw` ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mybœv‡Zi we‡ivwaZv Kiv nq ZvnÕ†j BnKv‡j I ciKv‡j Gi cwiYwZ n‡e AZ¨š— gg©vwš—K| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvi †NvlYv,



�E�r�� 2�r��*��A�>"z��,�x�E ��9 ��:��9 �� CC�*�$�Q �*�$�E � �9 b3�.�T�A �=�-��*��9 fU��r�� =�-��f=. ÔAZGe hviv ivm~‡ji Av‡`‡ki wei“×vPviY K‡i Zviv G wel‡q mZK© †nvK †h, Zv‡ì‡K gnv wech©q cvKovI Ki‡e (`ywbqv‡Z) A_ev hš¿Yv`vqK kvw — Zv‡ì‡K MÖvm Ki‡eÕ (m~iv b~i 63)| gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Av`‡k©i we‡ivax nIqvi Kvi‡YB AvR wek¦e¨vcx gymwjg D¤§vni GB gnv wech©q| ciKvj n‡e Av‡iv fqven| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv Avgv‡ì‡K Zuvi ivm~‡ji wek¦ weRqx gnvb Av`‡k©i w`‡K wd‡i hvIqvi ZvIdxK¡ `vb Ki“b- Avgxb!!

Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M Zvivexn&i QvjvZ:

gymwjg mgv‡R cÖPvi Kiv nq †h, Igi I Avjx (ivt) Df‡qB wek (20) ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb| K_vwU Wvnv wg_¨v| KviY D³ `vexi cÖgv‡Y †h mg — eY©bv cÖPwjZ Av‡Q Zv hCd I Rvj| hv wØZxq Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| myZivs D³ cÖPviYv †_‡K weiZ _vKv Avek¨K| Ab¨_v gh©v`vevb RvbœvZx QvnvexM‡Yi Dci wg_¨v Acev` †Ìqv n‡e| KviY Zuviv KL‡bv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Avg‡ji wecix‡Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡obwb, wb‡`©kI †`bwb| eis Zuviv 11 ivKÔAv‡ZiB wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| wb‡gœ G wel‡q Av‡jvKcvZ Kiv nÕj-

) � ( �!�� ,J��*��Q� Z_��+ �� "9 �U,��x�� :�� :��9 �6,�W ��9 ��E�F�E �� _�5,L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��|�� ,�.�� ,��>"@�E C�9 �M�2�k��...

(4) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, ÔIgi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔe I Zvgxg Av`-`vix (ivt)-†K †jvK‡ì‡K wb‡q 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi wb‡`©k cÖ vb K‡ibÕ| ...

DcwiD³ nv`xQwU A‡bK¸‡jv nv`xQ MÖ‡š’ wewfbœ mb‡` ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hvi me¸‡jvB Qnxn|17 Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx (int) Zuvi ÔAvQvi“m mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’

17. gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK 1/115 c„t, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`; Qnxn Be‡b Lyhvqgvn

4/698 c„t; mvC` Beby gvbQ~i, Avm-mybvb; wK¡qvgyj jvBj, c„t 91; AveyeKi Avb-bxmvcyix, Avj-dvIqv‡q` 1/135 c„t; evqnvK¡x, Avj-gvÔ‡idvn; wdiBqvex 1/76 c„t I 2/75 c„t; Avjevbx, ZvnK¡xK¡ wgkKvZ (êi“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1985/1405),


nv`xQwUi mb` m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, ÔGB nv`x‡Qi mb` QnxnÕ|18 kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb,

� f:�*��; ��,��; ��E�F�E �� _�5,�!�� C�|�A ��Y fS�*��; fe,�.�8�N ��r�H ... ��)�� )��f:�*��; �>�H� �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; V��.��.

ÔGB nv`x‡Qi mb` AZxe weï×| KviY mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` GKRb Qvnvex| wZwb †QvU‡Z ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mv‡_ n¾ K‡i‡QbÕ|19 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,

,)LW,�zVQ�� L3)�@�O Zi��,�� *�\ �(�8�>�E �� C�|�A ��Y fS�*��; f��.�8 ��r�H� �<�"W�C,�x�*�4�� T�� .

ÔAvwg ejwQ, GB nv`x‡Qi mb` AZ¨š— Qnxn| †Kbbv Gi ivex gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-Gi DmZv`| mK‡ji HKg‡Z¨ wZwb GKRb AZ¨š— wbf©i‡hvM¨ ivex| ZvQvov Bgvg eyLvix I gymwjg Zuvi nv`xQ Øviv `jxj MÖnY K‡i‡QbÕ|20

we‡kl ÁvZe¨: gyIqvË¡vi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv hviK¡vbx Beby Avwãj evi©-Gi e³e¨ D×„Z K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Bgvg gv‡jK Qvov Ab¨ †KD 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi

K_v eY©bv K‡ibwb; eis mevB (�C� �:�4�� M��N) 21 ivKÔAvZ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, hv gyQvbœvd Avãyi ivhhv‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ c‡iB Avj−vgv hviKvbx Beby Avwãj evi©-Gi D³ e³‡e¨i cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| KviY 21 ivKÔAvZ msµvš— D³ e³e¨ Pig weåvwš—Ki| Bgvg gv‡jK QvovI Av‡iv A‡b‡KB 11

1/407 c„t, nv/1302-Gi UxKv mn `ªt; Dcgnv‡`kxq Qvcv wgkKvZ, c„t 115; e½vbyev` †gkKvZ, 3/152 c„t, nv/1228, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Zi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|

18. fS�*��; ��e,�.�8�N -ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3q LÊ, c„t 442| 19. gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx, BiIqvDj Mvjxj dx ZvLixwR Avnv`xwQ gvbvwim mvexj

(ˆei“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 2q cÖKvkt 1985/1405 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 192-93, nv/445-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 45-46|

20. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 45|



ivKÔAv‡Zi D³ nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| AveyeKi bxmvcyix,21 wdiBqvex,22 evqnvK¡x,23 BqvnBqv Beby mvC` Avj-K¡vZ¡vb,24 BmgvCj Beby DgvBqv, Dmvgv Beby hv‡q`, gynv¤§v` Beby BmnvK¡, BmgvCj Beby RvÔdi cÖgyL Igi (ivt) wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|25 ZvB Avãyi ingvb gyeviKcyix D³ e³‡eï cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb,

f=)�H� L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N ��>�W �C�9 �M��.�� _��I{� �C�9 V:�� "6�>�W �<�"W�J��Y b?�P,��.

ÔAvwg ejwQ, Ô11 ivKÔAvZ Î“wUc~Y©Õ Beby Avãyj evi©-Gi GB e³e¨ Avgvi wbKU wbZvš—B evwZjÕ|26

kvqL Avj−vgv Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix (g„t 1994 L„t) wgkKvZzj gvQvexn-Gi RMwØL¨vZ fvl¨ ÔwgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxnÕ MÖ‡š’ Igi (iv)-Gi nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbvq e‡jb,

��)�T��,�W�|�� =�H�:��9� �C,�D��2 ��,�*�W ��A �:�� ,�.�� *�� Y �M�r�� C�9 ��A �u�� r�H �� L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N �>�H ��>��,)�+ ��)�-�� *��,�T�� 3��,��$�� C�9� �:�Q�>

�3�4)�5,�� p�E�� @�Q ,�� ,L@�A��>�� L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N �S�E� ��:�T�� C�>��$�E ..Z:��,�Y �p�E�� @�Q ,�� ,L@�A��>�� .

ÔIgi (ivt) †h ivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Zi Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ K‡iwQ‡jb Ges wZwb †h Zv‡ì‡K weZi mn 11 ivKÔAvZ K‡i covi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb, GB nv`xQ Zvi cÖvgvY¨ `jxj| GQvov Zuvi hy‡M mKj Qvnvex I Zv‡eCMYI †h Zvivexni QvjvZ 11 ivKÔAvZB co‡Zb GwU ZviI my úó

21. H, Avj-dvIqv‡q` 1/135 c„t| 22. wdiBqvex, 2/76 c„t| 23. mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/698 c„t| 24. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/284 c„t| 25. we¯—vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 46| 26. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/443|


cÖgvY| KviY G nv`xQwU c~‡e© ewY©Z Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ cy‡ivcywi mvgÄm¨kxj.. Ges Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z (2q) nv`x‡Qi mv‡_I mvgÄm¨kxjÕ|27

)� ( �9 �(�8�>�E �� G�� _�5,�!�� C �9 ��] �9 ��: �:�� C ��)��"9 �G�� ,�.�� Y L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N �C,�*K��$�E ,��,�l�A Z=�*��Q� ..

(5) gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd (ivt) e‡jb, mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) Zv‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, Igi (ivt) DevB I Zvgxg Av`-`vixi gva¨‡g †jvK‡`i GKwÎZ K‡ib| AZtci Zviv Df‡q 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivb|28

nv`xQwU m¤ú‡K© Avj−vgv Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` QnxnÕ|29

gynvwÏQM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K Qnxn e‡j ¯xK…Z D³ nv`xQØ‡qi gva¨‡g cÖZxqgvb nÕj †h, wØZxq Ljxdv Igi (ivt) ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Qvjv‡Zi b¨vq 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn covi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| G¶‡Y Avgiv Rvbe, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M KZ ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nÕZ|

)� ( �:�� C,��} ��A ��>"@�� ,�."+ "6�>"@�E ��E�F�E �� _�5,�!�� <��8 �(�8�>�E �� Z3��+�2 �:�4�� M��N �U,��x�� ....

(6) gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd (ivt) e‡jb, Avwg mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt)-†K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAvgiv Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZvgÕ|30

27. Avj−vgv IevB`yj−vn ingvbx gyeviKcyix, wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvQvexn

(†ebvim: B`vivZzj eyn~Q Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 1973 L„t/1394 wnt), 4_© LÊ, c„t 329, nv/1310-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

28. Avãyj−vn Beby gynv¤§v` Beby Avex kvqevn Avj-K‚dx, Avj-gyQvbœvd (ˆei“Z: `vi“j wdKi, 1989/1409 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 284, nv/7727, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Zi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|

29. fS�*��; ��e,�.�8�N -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/333 c„t| 30. mvC` Beby gvbQ~i, Avm-mybvb; AvIbyj gvÔe~ 4/175, nv/1372-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

cÖ_g Aa¨vq : 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i AKvU¨ cÖgvY


nv`xQwUi mb` m¤ú‡K© kvqL Avjevbx I Avj−vgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x (849-911 wnt) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwUi mb` Qnxni ch©vqfy³Õ|31

)� (�� _�5,�!�� E�F�E�� 6,�W ,�."+ �K��$�� } �:�� A �C,�D��2 ��O��, L#�:�4��. (7) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq ivgvhvb gv‡m 13 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ coZvg|32 D³ eY©bv‡Z dR‡ii `yB ivKÔAvZ mybœvZmn ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| hv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨kxj| †mLv‡b dR‡ii `yB ivKÔAvZ mybœvZmn G‡m‡Q|33 †mB mv‡_ Bgvg gv‡jK ewY©Z Igi (ivt)-Gi wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_I wgj i‡q‡Q| ZvB Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx G m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,

�(�8�>�E �� Z�� fi��,�� 2 ,�� f_�E�:�W ��r�H. ÔBgvg gv‡jK gynv¤§v` Beby BDmyd †_‡K hv eY©bv K‡i‡Qb G nv`xQwU Zvi AZxe wbKUeZ©xÕ A_©vr Qnxn|34 Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb,

�?�*�� =��8� ��*�� /0� ��; V��.�� #,��; ��A �3�4�5,�� p�E��K� fs�A��>�� >�H� . Ônv`xQwU ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi Qvjv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i ewY©Z gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ mvgÄm¨c~Y©Õ|35 Beby BmnvK¡ e‡jb, ÔZvivexni QvjvZ m¤ú‡K© Avwg hv ï‡bwQ Zvi g‡a¨ GwUB me©vwaK ewjô eY©bvÕ|36

Avgiv GZ¶Y AvU ev GMvi ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi QvnvexM‡Yi c¶ †_‡K †h mg — nv`xQ †ck Kijvg Zvi

31. 3�V$�� 3�E,�I ��A ��.�8� � -QvjvZyZ Zvivexn, c„t 47| 32. gynv¤§v` Beby bvQi, wK¡qvgyj jvBj; dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t| 33. Qnxn eyLvix nv/1140, 1/153 c„t, ÔZvnv¾y Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-9; Qnxn gymwjg

nv/1803-4, 1/255 c„t| 34. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/443 c„t, nv/803-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt| 35. dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t, nv/2013-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|

36. i)��h ��)�A �<��8 ,�� <��O�9 ��r�H� -dvrûj evix 4_© LÊ, c„t 319; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 46|


me¸‡jvB Qnxn| hv wiRvjkv ¿we` Ges wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQM‡Yi ewjô Dw³i gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| dvwjj−v-wnj nvg&`|

kvqL Avjevbx 11 ivKÔAvZ msµvš— ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi Avgj we‡k−lY Kivi ci gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ ivm~‡ji Awe¯§iYxq fvlY‡K mvg‡b †i‡L e‡jb,

�#�e,)�EVF�� e�� r�H ��F�T�� U�>�Y�>�� 6�>"@�.�� ?�*��!�� ,�.�� -��E ,�� "+ ��r�-�A �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; ��>�@�� ,J�,��VQ�� *�� .. �� ="l�.�� E �� |�A M�:�*�!)�A �M

,)�-�� >"l�!��Q ��*VE��-�� E��\��:�� a,�z��x�� 3�.�8� ��T�.�!�� ="l�*��A �J:�*��+ ,LA,��T�]�� ?"+� b3�� Z3�O�� ?"+ �C�|�A �2�>��"7�� [,�O�� ="+,�E�N� �r�Y��>�.�,�� ,�-�*�� >D��

��2,�.�� A Z3��,��1 �?"+� Z3�E�� 2 ��A� Z3��,��1 Z3��. ÔDcwiD³ Av‡jvPbv¸‡jv Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mwVK c_ D‡b¥vPb Ki‡Q| ZvB Avgiv Aek¨B eje †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi e³‡eï AvbyMZ¨ KiYv‡_© wbw`©ó msL¨v (11 ivKÔAvZ)-†K AuvK‡o aiv Ges Gi AwZwi³ msL¨v cwiZ¨vM Kiv Acwinvh©| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi e³e¨ nÕj- ...Ô wbðqB Avgvi c‡i †Zvgv‡ì g‡a¨ hviv †eu‡P _vK‡e Zviv AwZ mZ¡i AmsL¨ gZcv_©K¨ †`L‡Z cv‡e| †m mgq †Zvgv‡ì Acwinvh© KZ©e¨ n‡e Avgvi mybœvZ Ges Aåvš— c_cÖvß Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ‡K k³ K‡i AuvK‡o aiv Ges ùvZ Øviv Kvg‡o aiv| Avi (kixÔAv‡Zi g‡a¨) †Zvgiv bZzb m„ó welqmg~n †_‡K mveavb _vK‡e| KviY bZzb m„ó e ‘B we`ÔAvZ Ges cÖ‡Z¨K we`ÔAvZB c_åó,... Avi cÖ‡Z¨K c_åóB RvnvbœvgxÕ|37

Avkv Kwi nv`xQwU kZavwef³ gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ H‡Kï cÖZxK wnmv‡e we‡ewPZ n‡e, n‡e mwVK c‡_i w`kvix| KviY Qnxn eY©bvi gva¨‡g ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi †Kvb Avgj cÖgvwYZ nÕ‡j Zvi wecixZ †h

37. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 75; Avngv`, mb` Qnxn, Qnxn Avey vE` nv/4607, 2q LÊ, c„t

635; Qnxn wZiwghx nv/2676, 2q LÊ, c„t 96, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-16; bvmvC nv/1578, 1/179 c„t; mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/165, c„t 29-30; e½vbyev` †gkKvZ 1/122 c„t, nv/158, ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|



AvgjB mgv‡R cÖPwjZ _vK- Zv evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| PvB Zv †Kvb Bgv‡gi e³e¨ †nvK, ev †Kvb gbxlx, Av‡jg, gyRZvwn`, dK¡xni e³e¨ †nvK wKsev hCd I Rvj nv`xQ †nvK meB evwZj mve¨ — n‡e|38 G¶‡Y Avgiv wbi‡c¶Zvi mv‡_ 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv¸‡jvi Ae ’v ch©v‡jvPbv Kie BbkvAvj−vn|

38. cÖ‡dmi W: gynv¤§v` Avmv`yj−vn Avj-Mvwje, Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb: DrcwË I µgweKvk `w¶Y Gwkqvi †cÖw¶Zmn (W±‡iU w_wmm) (ivRkvnx: nv`xQ dvD‡Ûkb evsjv‡`k, †deª“qvix, 1996), c„t 143-45| D‡j−L¨, gvbbxq †jLK Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi hyM †_‡K ïi“ K‡i Zv‡eC‡ì hyM ch©š— G msµvš— A‡bK `„óvš— †ck K‡i‡Qb| we‡kl K‡i D³ MÖ‡š’i 6ô Aa¨vqwU G Rb¨ LyeB ¸i“Z¡c~Y©| ZvB c‡o †bIqvi Rb¨ myax cvVK‡ì cÖwZ Aby‡iva iBj|

Qvnvex I Zv‡eCMY n‡Z G K_v Ae¨vnZ

avivq ewY©Z n‡q‡Q †h, Zuv‡ì wbK‡U

nv`xQ †cuŠ‡Q †M‡j webv k‡Z©

Zvi Dc‡i Avgj

Ki‡Zb| -kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx

(Avj-BbQvd, c„t 70)|


w Ø Z x q A a¨v qw Ø Z x q A a¨v qw Ø Z x q A a¨v qw Ø Z x q A a¨v q

g yn v w Ï Q M ‡ Yi Z x ¶ œg yn v w Ï Q M ‡ Yi Z x ¶ œg yn v w Ï Q M ‡ Yi Z x ¶ œg yn v w Ï Q M ‡ Yi Z x ¶ œ ` „w ó ‡ Z ` „w ó ‡ Z ` „w ó ‡ Z ` „w ó ‡ Z

2 0 i v K ÔA v ‡ Z i e Y ©b v m2 0 i v K ÔA v ‡ Z i e Y ©b v m2 0 i v K ÔA v ‡ Z i e Y ©b v m2 0 i v K ÔA v ‡ Z i e Y ©b v m gggg ~nnnn


gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶è „wó‡Z

20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© hZ¸‡jv eY©bv cvIqv hvq Zb¥‡a¨ gvÎ GKwU eY©bv ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi bv‡g evbv‡bv n‡q‡Q, hv wiRvjkv ¿we`M‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd I Rvj| Avi QvnvexM‡Yi g‡a¨ GKRb Qvnvexi bv‡g Kw_Z K‡qKwU eY©bv cvIqv hvq| †m¸‡jvI ci¯úi we‡ivax| †KvbUv hCd, †KvbUv Rvj| Avi evKx hv ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zvi meB K‡qKRb Zv‡eC †_‡K, †m¸‡jvI †KvbUv gybKvi, †KvbUv hCd Avevi †KvbUv Rvj| h_vh_ cÖgvYmn D³ eY©bv¸‡jvi Ae ’v wb‡gœ Zz‡j aiv nÕj:

)&( � ��; �0� �6�>�8�2 �C�9 Z�,�� E �C,�+ �=��8� ��*�� /0��K��$ �C,�D��2 ��A �:�Q�>�� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4��.

(1) Beby AveŸvm (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z Av‡Q †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡Zb Ges weZi co‡Zb|38

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwUi GKwUB gvÎ m~Î, hv K‡qKwU MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|39 Gi mb‡` ÔAvey kvqevn Beivnxg Be‡b IQgvbÕ bvgK ivex i‡q‡Q| †m gynvwÏQM‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd| A‡bK gynvwÏQ Zv‡K wg_y K e‡j‡Qb| ZvQvov cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q ewY©Z mg — Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax| GRb¨ nv`xQwU hCd Ges Rvj| eY©bvwU †h cÖK…Zc‡¶B A‡K‡Rv †mRb¨ Beby Avex kvqevn D³ Aa¨v‡qi me‡k‡l D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| G wel‡q gynvwÏQM‡Yi gš—e¨ wbgœiƒc:

(K) kvqL gynv¤§v` bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx Zuvi wek¦weL¨vZ hCd I Rvj nv`xQ wmwiR ÔwmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xwQh hCdvn Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvnÕ MÖ‡š’ eY©bvwU D×„Z K‡i e‡jb, Ôwbðq GB nv`xQwU RvjÕ|40

38. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn Avj-K‚dx 2q LÊ, c„t 286; evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv

nv/4615, 2q LÊ, c„t 698; ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi 3/148 c„t| 39 . BiIqvDj Mvjxj 2q LÊ, c„t 191, nv/445-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt| 40. �N ��)�� bp�E��)�� f��>)�1�>�� -Avjevbx, wmjwmjvZzj Avnv`xwQh hCdvn Iqvj gvIh~ÔAvn

(wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid, 1408 wnt), nv/560, 2q LÊ, c„t 35-37|


(L) Bgvg evqnvK¡x (384-458 wnt) ÔAvm-mybvbyj KzeivÕ MÖ‡š’ nv`xQwU eY©bv Kivi ci gš—e¨ K‡ib, ÔAvey kvqevn (Beivnxg web IQgvb) nv`xQwU GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q| †m hCd ivexÕ|41

(M) nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei cÖwm× MÖš’ Ô†n`vqvÕi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg nvbvdx (g„t 681 wnt) D³ nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,

�1��*f( �� 7�� \ �*��3 �N ��:�H��*�= �� C, �Y � �� |��, �9 �� l�: �� 9 �� \ �*��3 �� T )�zfs ��1 ��z�� x��,�z�T�� $��*�S.

ÔgynvwÏQM‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd ¯xK…Z ivex Beivnxg Be‡b IQgvb _vKvi Kvi‡Y nv`xQwU hCd| whwb Bgvg AveyeKi Be‡b Avex kvqevi `v`v| GQvovI GwU Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivaxÕ|42

(N) †n`vqv wKZv‡ei nv`xQ hvPvBKvix nvbvdx cwÊZ Avj−vgv hvqjvC (g„t 762 wnt) D³ eY©bv cÖm‡½ e‡jb,

� �H�> �� "��>b6 �� 7�� \ �*��3�N ��:�H��*�=�� C, �� 9 ��,��|�� Y �3��*)�\ ��)��9 �� :l �1 �� fs�z�T��z�� *�.�� JM �A �� l��,�? "O �= �N �� x��,f( �� E�p �$�� *�S

��9 ��8 ��3�� :�� 9 ��8 �7�6�� 5,�4�3.. ÔBeivnxg Beby IQgv‡bi Kvi‡Y nv`xQwU Î“wUc~Y©| †m me©m¤§wZµ‡g hCd| Beby Av`x Zuvi ÔKv‡gjÕ MÖ‡š’ GB nv`xQ‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb| GZ`m‡Ë¡I Avey mvjvgvn wRÁvwmZ Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi ewY©Z Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivaxÕ...(Qnxn eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ)|43

41. f(�*��1 �>�H� �3��*�\�>��9 �� e�:�z�Q -evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4615, 2/698 c„t ªt| 42. Bebyj ûgvg, dvrûj K¡v`xi ki‡n †n`vqvn (cvwK¯—vb: Avj-gvKZvevZzj nvexweqvn,

Zvwe), 1g LÊ, c„t 407| 43 . Avj−vgv nv‡dh Avãyj−vn Beby BDmyd Avey gynv¤§v` Avj-nvbvdx Avh-hvBjvC, bvQeyi

ivBqvn wj Avnv`xwQj †n`vqvn (wiqvh: Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 1973 L„t/1393 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 153|


(O) Qnxn eyLvixi fvl¨MÖš’ ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb Avqbx nvbvdx (g„t 855 wn) D³ ivex m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,

M�2,)�x�� Z��*�� 9 ��z��1� "3��\ ��r�+ �3��*�\ ��9 �� :l�� 9 ��Y�=�H�:�*�I� ��5,�!�.�� .

ÔBeby Avex kvqevn‡K Bgvg ïÔevn wg_y K e‡j‡Qb Ges Bgvg Avngv`, Beby gvCb, Bgvg eyLvix, bvmvC (int) mn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMY Zv‡K hCd e‡j‡QbÕ|44

(P) Avj−vgv †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx (g„t 1014 wnt) e‡jb,

L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� ,�.�,�� ; ��9 ,�.�T��5�9 �� "6�>�W �� r�]�9 �(�.�$�� A ,�� 3��*�\ ��9 ��$�� *�� 9 �!�� "#, L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� C,�D��2 ��A ��K��$�E �C,�+ ��,�� M�>�8

,�� :�Q�>�� C�9 ��@�-�*�� 2 �=�-�� ; Z[,��*��!�Q �:�4�� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� *)�T��*�� 3��,�� A �n�:�x�E �=�� l�� C,�T�E�� V:�� C,�T�z�*��1 .

ÔAvgv‡ì †Kvb Bgv‡gi e³e¨ nÕj- ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †jvK‡ì mv‡_ wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| m¤¢eZ wZwb gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn †_‡K GwU MÖnY K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb ivgvhvb gv‡m weZi QvovB wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡o‡Qb| Abyiƒcfv‡e evqnvK¡xI eY©bv K‡i‡Qb †h, wZwb `yB iv‡Z `k mvjv‡g wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Av`vq K‡i‡Qb| Z…Zxq ivwÎ‡Z wZwb Avi †ei nbwb| wKš‘ D³ `yÕwU eY©bvB hCd|45

(Q) RMwØL¨vZ wiRvjkv ¿we` Avj−vgv hvnvex e‡jb, ÔAvey kvqevn Qnxn †iIqv‡q‡Zi we‡ivax nv`xQ eY©bvKvix wnmv‡e gybKvi ÔivexÕ| me‡P‡q

44. Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb Avj-Avqbx, Dg`vZzj K¡vix ki‡n Qnxwnj eyLvix (cvwK —vb: Avj-

gvKZvevZzi ikxw`qvn, 1406 wnt), 11/128 c„t| 45. Avjx Beby myjZvb gynv¤§v` Avj-K¡vix, wgiK¡vZzj gvdvZxn ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvQvexn

(XvKv: ikxw`qvn jvB‡eªix, Zvwe), 3q LÊ, c„t 194|

gynvwÏQM‡Yi Zx¶è `„wó‡Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n


Abyaveb‡hvM¨ welq nÕj, wZwb Gi `„óvš— †ck Ki‡Z wM‡q 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi GB eY©bvwUB wZwb D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|46

(R) Bgvg wghhx Zvi ÔZvnhxeÕ MÖ‡š’ Avey kvqevn Beivnxg Be‡b IQgvb‡K gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bvKvix AvL¨vwqZ K‡i `„óvš— ¯iƒc 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bvwUB †ck K‡i‡Qb| AZtci e‡j‡Qb,

�W�� 1 ��z�� 9 �� *Z� � ��x�2,/fM � �.��!�5,� � �9��>��Q,�= �:�� }�M � �� VM � �9��>�e� ��e� VT��:��rM.

ÔBgvg Avngv`, Beby gvCb, eyLvix, bvmvC, Avey nvwZg ivhx, Beby Av`x, Avey vE` Ges wZiwghx nv`xQwU‡K hCd e‡j‡QbÕ|47 Bgvg bvmvC Ab¨Î Zv‡K Ônv`x‡Qi cwiZ¨³ ivexÕ e‡j‡Qb|48

(S) Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb,

�� 2,�� ,��9� Z�,�� p�E�� 3��*�\ ��9 /0� ��)�; �0� "6�>)�8�2 �C,�+ �=��8� ��*�� C,�D��2 ��A �K��$�E ��E�:�4�� +�2 L3�� >�:�Q f(�*��)�1 ��e,�.�8|�A ��)�W� ��1�2,��p�E�� 3�4�5,�� M�r�� r�H ��*��*��$�� A .

Ôivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn I weZi co‡Zb g‡g© Beby AveŸvm †_‡K Beby Avey kvqevn †h eY©bv K‡i‡Q Zvi mb` hCd| ZvQvovI Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡g ewY©Z Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax eY©bv K‡i‡QÕ|49 Ab¨Î wZwb D³ ivex m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, Ô†m nv`x‡Qi cwiZ¨³ ivexÕ|50

46. �3��*�\ ��9 �:�*�+,�.�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/47-48 c„t, ivex bs 145| 47. Bgvg RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x, Avj-nvex wjj dvZvIqv (ˆei“Z: Avj-gvKZveZzj AvQvwiqvn,

1990/1411), 1/538 c„t, ÔAvj-gvQvexn dx QvjvwZZ ZvivexnÕ Ask| 48. � �g� �:�T�� p�E�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj, 147 c„t| 49. dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t, nv/2013-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt| 50. �p�E��))�� g� �:))�T�� -Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe (wmwiqv: `vi“i ikx`,

1988/1408 wnt), c„t 92, ivex bs 215|


(T) Avj−vgv RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwU AZ¨š— `ye©j; Gi Øviv KL‡bv `jxj mve¨ — n‡e bvÕ|51

(U) Avngv` Beby nvRvi Avj-nvqQvgx (int) e‡jb, Ônv`xQwU AZ¨š— hCdÕ|52

m¤§vwbZ cvVK! ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi bv‡g ewY©Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni nv`xQ m¤ú‡K© wiRvjkv ¿we` I RMwØL¨vZ gynvwÏQM‡Yi †h mg — gš—e¨ †ck Kiv nÕj, Zv‡Z welqwU mevi Kv‡QB cwi®‹vi n‡q †M‡Q|

Z‡e Giƒc Dw³ Av‡iv A‡bK i‡q‡Q|53 G¶‡Y wbtm‡›`‡n ejv hvq †h, GwU GKwU wg_¨v, Rvj I ev‡bvqvU eY©bv| ZvB ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †_‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni †Kvb weï× eY©bv c„w_exi BwZnv‡m †bB| †hgb RvjvjyÏxb myq~Z¡x 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ‡K `jx‡ji A‡hvM¨ †NvlYv K‡i e‡jb,

�A�,��;,"?�9 �C�� 4�:�E��2 +��L3�� =�Q ��<�� A �� =��8� ��*�� /0� ��;. ÔmyZivs cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †_‡K cÖgvwYZ bqÕ| wZwb Av‡iv e‡jb, Zuvi RxeÏkvq wZwb †Kvbw`bB 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡obwb| KviY wZwb †Kvb Avgj Ki‡j wbqwgZ Ki‡ZbÕ|

��>�A ��?�� 4�:�E�� >�� :L#�� =�E �T�:+�-�9 ,��J�. ÔmyZivs wZwb hw` Rxe‡b GKeviI 20 ivKÔAvZ co‡Zb ZvnÕ†j KL‡bv Zv Qvo‡Zb bvÕ|54

GKRb Qvnvexi bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi weåvwš—Ki eY©bv:

20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ gvÎ GKRb Qvnvex †_‡K K‡qKwU eY©bv cvIqv hvq, hv ci¯úi we‡ivax nIqvq ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ, Qnxn nv`x‡Qi gyLv‡jd nIqvq

51. �Q,�� J��Y f(�*��1 "p�E�� r�H b3�y�� >"@ -Avj-nvex wjj dvZvIqv, 1/537 c„t|

52. �(��D)�� E��\ ��N -Beby nvRvi Avj-nvqQvgx, Avj-dvZvIqvDj Kzeiv, 1/195 c„t; `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 20|

53. Avj-nvex wjj dvZvIqv 1/538 c„t; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/47 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 19-21|

54. Avj-nvex wjj dvZIqv, 1/536-37 c„t `ªt|



ÔgybKviÕ|55 G mg — A‡bK Î“wU-wePz wZ _vKvi Kvi‡Y †KvbUv hCd, †KvbUv Rvj|

)X ( �C�>��>"@�E ��>��,�+ �6,�W ��E�F�E �� _�5,�!�� x�� :�� -�� 1�2 �U,�.�� /0��\ ��A ��L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� C,�D��2 �:�-.

(2) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq ivgvhvb gv‡m †jv‡Kiv 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZ|56

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU Rvj| GwU wZbwU †`v‡l `yó|

cÖ_gZ: Gi mb‡` Avey Avãyj−vn Be‡b dvbRyex Av`-`vqb~ix bvgK ivex Av‡Q| †m gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbKU AcwiwPZ| wiRvjkv‡ ¿ Gi †Kvb Aw —Z¡ †bB| GRb¨ kvqL Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix (int) e‡jb,

�� r�H �3��; ��E ��A ��T��Y�:�Q �� (�W�9 �=�� >�+ �<��E C�9 ��*��A �:�O7 ,L��,�W L3�@�O ��n,�y�T��,��.

ÔAvwg Zvi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© AeMZ nÕ‡Z cvwiwb| myZivs †h e¨w³ GB AvQv‡ii weï×Zv `vex Ki‡e Zvi Dc‡i Acwinvh© n‡e wbf©i‡hvM¨ wnmv‡e `jx‡ji Dchy³Zv cÖgvY KivÕ|57 hvi †Kvb cwiPqB †bB Zvi eY©bv wKfv‡e MÖnYxq n‡Z cv‡i? gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbK‡U Giƒc eY©bv Rvj e‡j cwiwPwZ|

wØZxqZ: D³ eY©bvq Bqvhx` Beby LyQvqdvn bv‡g GKRb gybKvi ivex Av‡Q| †m Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax nv`xQ eY©bvKvix| Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤^j GRb¨ Zv‡K gybKvi e‡j‡Qb Ges Avj−vgv hvnvex I Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx Zv mg_©b K‡i‡Qb|58 ZvQvov †m †h gybKvi ivex Zvi cÖgvY nÕj, mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K †m GLv‡b 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v eY©bv K‡i‡Q| A_P Avgiv 8

55. D‡j−L¨, Qnxn I kw³kvjx mb‡` ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi wecixZ eY©bv‡K ÔgybKviÕ e‡j|

Avngv` gynv¤§v` kvwKi, Avj-ev‡qQzj nvQxQ, g~j: nv‡dh Be‡b KvQxi, BLwZQvi“ Dj~wgj nv`xQ (êi“Z: 1408 wnt), c„t 48|

56. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4617, 2/698-99 c„t| 57. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx, 3/447 c„t| 58. Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe, ZvnK¡xK¡ I ZvÔjxK¡: gyQZ¡vdv Ave`yj K¡v‡ì AvZv

(êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1994/1415 wnt), 11/296 c„t; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/430 c„t|


ivKÔAv‡Zi Av‡jvPbvq mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K †gvU 4wU nv`xQ (4-7) D‡j−L K‡iwQ, hvi me¸‡jvB Qnxn| myZiv GB eY©bv †Kvbµ‡gB MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq|

Z…ZxqZ: GwU KL‡bv ÔgyhZ¡iveÕ ch©v‡qi| GB eY©bvq wek ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv G‡m‡Q| wKš‘ Ab¨ eY©bvq Avevi 21 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| ZvB kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, GwU ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ ch©v‡qi nIqvq cwiZ¨vR¨|59

we‡kl mZK©Zv: ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv Avqbx evqnvK¡xi D×„wZ w`‡q D³ Rvj eY©bvi †k‡l ms‡hvRb K‡i‡Qb � �� -�� C,� �� ÔGes IQgvb I Avjx (ivt)-Gi mg‡qI Giƒcfv‡e (20 ivKÔAvZ) cov nÕZÕ|60 A_P evqnvK¡xi †Kvb MÖ‡š’ D³ evowZ Ask cvIqv hvq bv| †hgb Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx Zuvi ÔZvÔjxKz AvQvwim mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb,

�W�>b6�� 2fn�� E,�>�Y��A ��Q �$��,�*�(�� *�-�@V� Ô(AvqBbxi) D³ e³e¨ wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ; evqnvK¡xi MÖš’mg~‡n Zv cvIqv hvq bvÕ|61 AZGe ejv hvq †hb †PvivB c‡_ giv jv‡ki DbœZ wPwKrmv|

D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ eY©bv‡K Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx mn †KD †KD wbf©i‡hvM¨ e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ Zv‡ì D³ `vex mwVK bq| KviY GB RvjK…Z weK…Z nv`x‡Qi †Kvb cwiPqB †bB| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I Qvnvex‡ì Avg‡ji we‡ivax AvQvi‡K wKfv‡e wbf©i‡hvM¨ ejv hvq Zv Avgv‡ì †evaMg¨ bq|62 AZGe Giƒc D™¢U K_v cÖPvi Kiv gymwjg D¤§vni mv‡_ cÖZviYvi kvwgj|

)^ ( �W ��E�F�E �� _�5,�!�� ."+ �6,, ��E�:�4)�� U,��x�� :�� C,��} ��A ��>"@�� :�Q�>�� L3��+�2.

59. we¯—vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 49-51| 60. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 7/178 c„t, ÔZvnv¾y Õ Aa¨vq| 61. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/333 c„t, nv/1310-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt; ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx

3/447| 62. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/447 c„t|



(3) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq Avgiv 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZvg Ges weZi coZvg| eY©bvwU ïay Bgvg evqnvK¡xi ÔAvj-gvÔ‡idvnÕ bvgK MÖ‡š’ G‡m‡Q|63

ZvnK¡xK¡: c~‡e©i AvQviwUi b¨vq GwUI Î“wUc~Y© Ges gybKvi ev hCd| hwÌ Avj−vgv myeKx Qnxn e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb wK‡mi wfwË‡Z GB `vex K‡i‡Qb Zv A¯úó| KviY Gi mb‡` `yÕRb AcwiwPZ ivex Av‡Q| Avey IQgvb Avj-evQix hvi Avmj bvg Avgi Beby Ave`yj−vn| AciRb Avey Zv‡ni| Avey IQgvb Avj-evQix m¤ú‡K© Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx e‡jb, Ô†KD Zvi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© Av‡jvPbv K‡i‡Qb e‡j Avwg AeMZ bBÕ|64 kvqL Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix e‡jb,

�z�T�� T��Y�:�Q �� ,JD�E�9 ,��9 �(�W�9 �=��:�*��l�� u. ÔAvwgI `xN© AbymÜvb Pvwj‡q Zvi Rxebx m¤ú‡K© wKQz D×vi Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡qwQÕ| Ab¨ ivex ÔAvey Zv‡niÕ m¤ú‡K©I wZwb GKB gš—e¨ K‡ib|65 ZvQvov GKB ivex KZ…©K †h eY©bv Qnxn mb‡` G‡m‡Q (cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q 6bs) Zvi cÖKvk¨ we‡ivax| †hLv‡b 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni K_v ejv n‡q‡Q| myZivs GB eY©bv Aek¨B `ye©j|

)� ( �� C,�D��2 ��A ��,�.�� Y �:�� C9 ��E�F�E �� _�5,�!�� Z_��+ �� V��"9 �� VM�2�� Z=�*��Q � ��E�:�4�� M��N L3��+�2 ��.

(4) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, Igi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔe I Zvgxg Av`-`vixi `vwq‡Z¡ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ K‡iwQ‡jb ivgvhvb gv‡m 21 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ cov‡bvi Rb¨|

ZvnK¡xK¡: GB eY©bvwU ïay gyQvbœvd Ave`yi ivhhv‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q|66 GwU gybKvi wnmv‡e hCd| Ave`yi ivhhvK (126-211 wnt) GKKfv‡e GwU eY©bv

63. wgiÔAvZ 4/331 c„t| 64. ��)�� =�Y�:)�Q �� (�W�9 �=�� -ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 4/446 c„t; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn,

4/331 c„t| 65. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/446 c„t| 66. AveyeKi Avãyi ivhhvK web nv¤§vg AvQ-QvbÔAvbx, Avj-gyQvbœvd (êi“Z: Avj-

gvKZveyj Bmjvgx, 1983/1403), nv/7730, 4/260 c„t|



K‡i‡Qb| GB k‡ã Ab¨ †KD eY©bv K‡ibwb| Qnxn kã n‡e 11 ivKÔAvZ| kvqL Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix e‡jb,

�A�|��W �� z�:�e�� |�]�:�n��H �r�� 7�O�:�� -�r�� z�� =�E �x�:�Y�� 9 ��f��I �*�:��. ÔAvQviwU wZwb GB k‡ã GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| Ab¨ †KD Gfv‡e eY©bv K‡ibwbÕ|67 Gi KviY nÕj, wZwb †kl Rxe‡b AÜ n‡q hvIqvq eY©bv¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q †M‡Q| †hgb Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, ÔwZwb †kl eq‡m AÜ n‡q wM‡qwQ‡jb| d‡j eY©bv¸‡jv wgwkªZ n‡q †M‡QÕ|68

GQvov Gi m¤ú~Y© mb` †bB, gv‡S ivex ev` c‡o †M‡Q| m‡e©vcwi GwU Qnxn mb‡` ewY©Z (cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q 5 bs) nv`x‡Qi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax| †hLv‡b 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v ejv n‡q‡Q|69 AZGe `jxj wnmv‡e GB Î“wUc~Y© eY©bv †ck Kiv DwPZ bq|

)� ( ,��e ��W� �:�� -�� ,�*�@�� :�$�.�� ,�."+ �6,�W ��E�F�E �� _�5,�!�� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� L3�O,��O �:�� -�� ,�*�@�� C,�+� �:�y�z�� :"A.

(5) mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq Avgiv ivgvhvb gv‡m iv‡Îi QvjvZ †_‡K mvnvix LvIqvi mgq evox‡Z wd‡i AvmZvg| Avi †m mgq GB QvjvZ wQj 23 ivKÔAvZ|

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU ïay Ave`yi ivhhvK GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|70 AvQviwU hCd I gybKvi ev AMÖnY‡hvM¨| D³ AvQv‡i Avey hyeve bv‡g GKRb gybKvi ivex Av‡Q| Avey nv‡Zg Zuvi ÔAvj-Rviû IqvZ ZvÔ`xjÕ MÖ‡š’ Gi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, Ô`vivIqvi`x Zvi †_‡K cÖPzi gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb; Zvi ¯§„wZkw³ AZ¨š— `ye©j wQjÕ|71 Beby nvhg Av›`vjymx (384-456 wnt/994-

67. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/443 c„t, nv/804-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt| 68. ��*�4)�T�E �C,)�+� �:�*��T�A ��:�� :�]j ��A �� - ZvK¡ixezZ Zvnhxe, ivex bs 4064, c„t

354-Gi UxKvmn `ªt; Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx, nvw`Dm mvix gyK¡vÏvgvn dvrûj evix (ˆei“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1989/1410 wnt), c„t 588|

69. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 48| 70. Avj-gyQvbœvd nv/7733, 4/261 c„t| 71. VM�>�@�,)�� *�� L#�:�l�.�� p�E�e,��9 M�e�2� ��2�� .�� M� �:�E -ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 2/136 c„t, ivex bs 1090|


1063 L„t) e‡jb, Ô†m hCd ivexÕ|72 Bgvg gv‡jK (int) Zvi †_‡K †Kvb nv`xQ MÖnY K‡ibwb|73 GRb¨ kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔGi mb` hCd| KviY Beby Avey hyev‡ei g‡a¨ `ye©jZv Av‡QÕ|74 ZvQvov cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ (4bs) Qnxn nv`x‡Qi m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax Ges 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi mKj Qnxn nv`x‡QiI we‡ivax|

ÁvZe¨: GZ¶Y Avgiv GKB Qvnvex mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K †gvU 4wU eY©bv Dc ’vcb Kijvg| cÖ‡Z¨KwUB ci¯úi we‡ivax| ZvB gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbKU ÔgyhZ¡viveÕ mve¨ — nIqvq me©m¤§wZµ‡g Zv eR©bxq| Abyaveb‡hvM¨ nÕj, mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) †_‡K 8 ev 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi Av‡jvPbvq Avgiv †h PviwU nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡iwQ Zvi me¸‡jvB Qnxn| H eY©bv¸‡jv GKvwaK m~‡Î wewfbœ nv`xQ MÖ‡š’ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q| myZivs GKB ivex †_‡K ewY©Z Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax hCd I Rvj eY©bv KL‡bv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

Ab¨vb¨‡`i bv‡g D×„Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv:

)� ( �� *��E �� Z��*��8 �U,��x�� :�� C�9 ��E�:�4)�� =�-�� K��$�E ,L��Y�2 �:��9L3��+�2.

(6) BqvnBqv Beby mvC` (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z, Igi (ivt) R‰bK e¨w³‡K †jvK‡`i mv‡_ 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb|

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU ïay Beby Avex kvqevn Zvi ÔgyQvbœv‡dÕ GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|75 AvQviwU hCd I gybKvi| Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx e‡jb, ÔBqvnBqv Beby mvC` Igi (ivt)-Gi hyM cvqwbÕ|76

Avjx Bebyj gv`xbx e‡jb, Ô†m Avbvm (ivt) Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Qvnvex †_‡K nv`xQ kªeY K‡i‡Q e‡j Avwg AeMZ bB|77 kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔGi mb`

72. f(�*��1 -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/437 c„t, ivex bs 1629| 73. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 2/136 c„t| 74. �)�tz�� ?��W �� f(��1 ��*�A ��r�H ZU,��"h ��9 �� C�7�� f(�*��1 f��.�8 ��r�H� -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 52| 75. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285| 76. �:�� g�2��E �=�� M�2,�$��7�� *��8 �� *��E - wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/334 c„t| 77. Z��9 �:�*�I ��,��; �� 8 ��9,�� -ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 11/195 c„t|



wew”Qbœ|78 Qv‡n‡e Zzndvn e‡jb, ÔGB AvQviwUi mb` wew”Qbœ, d‡j `jxj‡hvM¨ bqÕ|79 GQvovI Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni we‡ivax|

)� ( �F�E ��E ��)�� :)�� C,)��} ��A �C�>��>"@�E ��,�.�� C,�+ �6,�W ��9 �C,�� 2 �� U,��x��.�� /0� ��1�2 ��,�� C,�D��2 ��A L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� .

(7) Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb (ivt) nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M †jv‡Kiv ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎ‡Z 23 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZÕ|80

ZvnK¡xK¡: AvQviwU wbZvš—B hCd I gybKvi| Bgvg evqnvK¡x e‡jb, ÔBqvhx` web iƒgvb Igi (ivt)-Gi hyM cvbwbÕ|81 nv‡dh hvqjvC nvbvdx D³ gZ‡K mg_©b K‡i‡Qb|82 Avj−vgv Avqbx nvbvdx ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕi g‡a¨ e‡jb, ÔGi mb` wewQbœÕ A_©vr hCd|83 Avj−vgv Bgvg beex (631-676 wnt) e‡jb,

��.�� /0� ��1�2 �:�� g�2��E �=�� C,�� 2 �� E�F�E �C�|�A b?�8�:�� .�l�� @�-�*�� 2. ÔAvQviwU evqnvK¡x eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, wKš‘ Zv gyimvj| KviY Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb Igi (ivt)-Gi mv¶vr cvbwbÕ|84 kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,

�A�D��*�zb3�� 7�C�� 2 � ��C, �E �=��:�� g�2�� "7�� "3�E�� V:�� ,��N ��.�� VS�$�E �=�� . ÔAvQviwU hCd; KviY Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb Igi (ivt)-†K cvbwb| cÖ_g eY©bvwU (11 ivKÔAv‡Zi) Qvov Zvi c‡¶ †Kvb Qnxn eY©bv †bBÕ|85 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,

78. f��@�.�� r�H -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 54| 79. �n,�y�T��,�� S"��$�E,�� f��@�.�� :�O�7�� r�-�A -ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/445 c„t| 80. gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK 1/115 c„t; evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4618, 2/699 c„t| 81. �:�� g�2��E �=�� C,�� 2 �� E�F�E -BiIqvDj Mvjxj 2/192 c„t, nv/446-Gi Av‡jvPbv

`ªt| 82. bvQeyi ivBqvn 2/99 c„t| 83. f��@�.�� .�8 -Dg`vZzj K¡vix ki‡n eyLvix 7/178 c„t, ÔZvivexni QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq| 84. Bgvg beex, Avj-gvRgyÕ 4/33 c„t| 85. Avjevbx, ZvnK¡xK¡ wgkKvZ (ˆei“Z: 1985/1405 wnt), 1/408 c„t, nv/1302-Gi

UxKv bs 2 `ªt|


�A�-�r�� V:�� E�"3 �1 ��*�zb3 �� ,��@��,�- �� ,�*�� 2 � ��C, � ��: �A �� ,�y�3 �A �*�- � ,�� )�8,�*�� ,� �H�� x��,�zb3�� V:�� E��3�$�� *��3�� :�A ��9 ��:�� ,�|�� M�4�:�#�2 +��L3.

ÔIgi (ivt) I Beby iƒgv‡bi gv‡S mb`MZ wew”Qbœ nIqvq eY©bvwU hCd; Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb `jxj †bB| we‡kl K‡i GB eY©bvwU Qnxn m~‡Î cÖgvwYZ Igi (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©‡ki we‡ivaxÕ|86

D‡j−L¨ †h, eZ©gv‡b GB AvQviwU‡KB †ekx cÖvavb¨ †`Iqv nq| A_P GwUB me‡P‡q `ye©j I Î“wUc~Y©| KviY GwU GKRb Zv‡eC †_‡K gyimvj m~‡Î ewY©Z| ZvQvov G m¤ú‡K© gynvwÏQM‡Yi Dw³¸‡jv wK we‡eP¨ bq? AZGe Igi (ivt) 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb ev Zuvi Avg‡j 20 ivKÔAvZ Pvjy wQj g‡g© †h eY©bv¸‡jv G‡m‡Q Zvi me¸‡jvB hCd, Rvj I gybKvi| ZvB

kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ��=�E ��<�9 �C�� :�; ��H, )�� ,�4�:�E�� ÔIgi (ivt)-Gi c¶

†_‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ mve¨ — nqwbÕ|87 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,

�9�� O ��< �� : �2 �1�� /0� �� .�� 7��: �� $��Q,�- �N ,�� M�4�:�# �2 +��L3 �+ �� Q , )��*�� 9��; ��/0� �� *�� 8��=�� =�E �$K��-�N ,��N ,�� M�4�:�#�2 +��L3.

ÔIgi (ivt) †_‡K mve¨ — n‡q‡Q †h, wZwb 11 ivKÔAv‡ZiB wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| †hgbwU cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)I 11 ivKÔAvZ e¨ZxZ Gi †ekx c‡obwbÕ|88 kvqL gyeviKcyix D³ eY©bv mg~‡ni we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv †k‡l e‡jb,

�A�,��;,"? �9 �C �� z�� N �� M�4�:�# �A �� 9 �O�: �� : �� x��U, �� r"+�>�2 )�; ��*fS �O��,f< �� "z�>b� � ��z�� N �� M��4�:� �C �A �� H �r �� 7�O�: �I �*�: �� "z�>Z� � ��7I��_ �9 ��

� �Hf=.

86. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 54| 87. ZvnK¡xK¡ wgkKvZ 1/408; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 48| 88. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 75|



ÔdjK_v nÕj, Igi (ivt) m¤ú‡K© ewY©Z †h nv`x‡Q 11 kã (11 ivKÔAvZ) Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q Zv Qnxn, cÖgvwYZ I msiw¶Z| c¶vš—‡i †h eY©bvq 21 (21 ivKÔAvZ) Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q Zv msiw¶Z bq; eis AwaKZi KvíwbKÕ|89

)�( ��9 �-�� K��$�E ,L��Y�2 �:��9 ,�*�� C9 �a,�.�!�� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� C,�D��2 ��A �=. (8) Aveyj nvmvbv n'†Z ewY©Z, Avjx (ivt) GK e¨w³‡K GB g‡g© wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb †h, †m †hb †jvK‡`i‡K wb‡q ivgvhvb gv‡m 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn covq|90

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU hCd A_ev Rvj| Gi mb‡` Avey mvÔ`yj evKvj I Aveyj nvmvbv `yÕRb Î“wUhy³ ivex i‡q‡Q| †hgb Bgvg evqnvK¡x eY©bvwU D‡j−‡Li ci e‡jb, ÔGB nv`x‡Qi mb‡` `ye©jZv i‡q‡QÕ|91 Bgvg Beby ZziKzgvbx e‡jb,

�C,��}�:�� *��8 Z��8 ��9 �3�-�Y �� z��1 �C�9 �:�-��7�� 6,�@�� |�A f=K��l�T�� )�*�A �C,�+ C|�A ��,�Q ��@�A �i��r�+�:�*�I ��*��.

Ô¯úó †h, Avey mvÔ` mvC` Be‡b gvihyev‡bi Kvi‡YB nv`xQwU hCd| KviY †m G e¨vcv‡i Awfhy³| †m hw` GgbwUB nq Zvn‡j Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMYI G K_viB AbymiY K‡i‡QbÕ|92

Bgvg hvnvex Zv‡K AcwiwPZ e‡j‡Qb|93 Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, Ô†m AÁvZ ivexÕ|94 ZvQvov Aveyj nvmvbv I Avjx (ivt)-Gi gv‡S Av‡iv `yÕRb ivex i‡q‡Q, hv mb‡` D‡j−L †bB|95

Gic‡iI Zv Qnxn nv`xQ mg~‡ni mivmwi we‡ivax nIqvq gybKvi| AZGe AvQviwU‡K wfwËnxb ejvB †kªq|

89. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/444 c„t; wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/330 c„t| 90. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (2); evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4621,

2/699 c„t| 91. f(��1 �e,�.�8�|�� r�H ��A -evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/699-700 c„t| 92. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv n/4621-Gi UxKv `ªt, 2/700| 93. G��:��E -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/515, ivex bs 10106| 94. b6�>�-�y�� N -ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 633, ivex bs 8053| 95. �C,�$�x�\ �� *�� .�*��A �<�"W -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 66|


)� ( ��:�� 9 �� V��!�� A Ga��:"@�� ,��e �6,�W ��.�� /0� ��1�2 ��7�A �C,�D��2 L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� ,�.�,�� K��$�E ,L��Y�2 �=�-�.�� :�6,�W �C,�+� �� )�1�2

��.�� /0��=�-��:�Q�>�E . (9) Avey Avãyi ingvb Avm-myjvgx nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, ivgvhvb gv‡m Avjx (ivt) K¡vixMY‡K AvnŸvb Ki‡jb| AZtci Zuv‡ì g‡a¨ nÕ‡Z GKRb‡K wb‡`©k `vb Ki‡jb, wZwb †hb †jvK‡ì‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ covb| wZwb Zv‡ì mv‡_ ïay weZi co‡ZbÕ|96

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU hCd I gybKvi| G‡Z AvZv Beby mv‡qe I nv¤§v` Beby ïÔAvBe bv‡g `yÕRb Î“wUc~Y© ivex i‡q‡Q| (K) AvZ¡v Beby mv‡qe m¤ú‡K© Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb, Ô‡kl eq‡m Zvi eY©bv¸‡jv G‡jv‡g‡jv n‡q wM‡qwQj Ges ¯§„wZkw³ †jvc †c‡qwQjÕ|97 Beby gvCb e‡jb, ÔAvZv Beby mv‡qe eY©bv¸‡jv wgwkªZ K‡i‡QÕ|

�h�2� �� *�� ; ��*ZS�� E"�� ...� ��,�]�T��"�,�Y ��*J�� ,��E,��T�� E��. myZivs Zv‡K cwiZ¨vM Ki| KviY Zvi †Kvb Qnxn nv`xQ †bB; eis m¤ú~Y©B wgwkªZ| ZvB Zvi nv`xQ Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv nq bvÕ|98 Bgvg BqvnBqv e‡jb, ÔZvi eY©bv Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv nq bvÕ|99 Avngv` Beby Avex LvqQvgv e‡jb, ÔZvi mg — nv`xQB hCdÕ|100

(L) nv¤§v` Beby ïÔAvBe m¤ú‡K© kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔwbðqB †m AZ¨š— `ye©jÕ|101 Bgvg bvmvC Zv‡K hCd e‡j‡Qb|102

96. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4620, 2/699 c„t| 97. z�� Ga,�8� �#�:�]�7�� :�*��Q��t/ -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/70 c„t| 98. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 7/178 c„t| 99. �� T��E ,�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/71 c„t| 100. (�*��1 ��"��E�� -we¯—vwiZ †`Lyb: ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 7/179-80 c„t; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj

3/71 c„t| 101. �J��Y f(�*��1 ��|�A -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 66-67| 102. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/333 c„t|


Bgvg hvnvex e‡jb, ÔBeby gvCbmn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMY Zv‡K hCd e‡j‡QbÕ|103 Bgvg eyLvix (int) e‡jb, ÔGi g‡a¨ Î“wU i‡q‡QÕ|104 Bebyj ûgvg nvbvdx e‡jb,

�Nh�W �6,�� x�2,M�� :��Y�?�A �*�� tf:�A ��E"�� E,��T�� . ÔBgvg eyLvix hw` †Kvb e¨w³ m¤ú‡K© e‡jb †h, Zvi g‡a¨ Î“wU i‡q‡Q, ZvnÕ‡j Zvi eY©bv Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|105 Bgvg eyLvix Zv‡K KL‡bv gybKviI e‡j‡Qb|106 Avey nvwZg e‡jb, Ô†m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|107 Bgvg BqvnBqv e‡jb, ÔZvi ewY©Z nv`xQ wjwce× Kiv wVK bqÕ|108 Beby Av`x e‡jb, nv¤§v` Beby ïÔAvBe †_‡K hZ nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q meB gybKvi|109 AZGe G‡K wfwËnxb ejvB †kªq|

)&� (�:�4�� ,LO,��O �C�>��$�E �=�H� ��,�.�� <+�2�e�9 �6,�W �a,�� :�Q�>�,�� L3��+�2 ��E. (10) AvZ¡v e‡jb, Avwg †jvK‡`i‡K weZimn 23 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Kiv Ae ’vq †c‡qwQ|110

ZvnK¡xK¡: D³ eY©bvwUI c~‡e©v³ eY©bvi b¨vq hCd, gybKvi I Awfhy³| KviY G eY©bv‡ZI c~‡e© Av‡jvwPZ gybKvi ivex AvZ¡v Beby mv‡qe i‡q‡Q|

)&& ( ��9 �� ,��3�*�N �6,�W �� CE C�9 ,�*��"9 �:��9 �:K��$ �C,�D)��2 ��)�A ��,�.�,�� ..L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� =�-�� $�A.

103. ��:�*�I� Z��*�� z��1/ -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/596 c„t| 104. :t�� *�A� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/596; ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/444 c„t| 105. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/444 c„t| 106. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 67| 107. �>�@�,�� *��VM -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/ 333 c„t| 108. �"��E�� _�Tl�E,��/ -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/ 333 c„t| 109. gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 1/596 ct| 110. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (9)|



(11) Aveyj Avwjqvn e‡jb, Igi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔe‡K ivgvhvb gv‡m †jvK‡`i mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`v‡qi wb‡`©k w`‡qwQ‡jb| ... AZtci wZwb Zv‡`i mv‡_ 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡iwQ‡jb|111

ZvnK¡xK¡: G eY©bvwU hCd I gybKvi| Gi mb‡` Avey RvÔdi bv‡g GKRb Î“wUhy³ ivex Av‡Q| hvi Avmj bvg Cmv Beby Avex Cmv gvnvb| Bgvg Avngv` I bvmvC (int) e‡jb, Ô†m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|112 Bgvg hvnvex Zuvi ÔhyÔAvdvÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, Avey hyiÔAvn Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, Ô†m cÖPzi fyj K‡iÕ|113 wZwb Zuvi ÔAvj-KzbvÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ÔcÖ‡Z¨K gynvwÏQB Zv‡K Awfhy³ K‡i‡QbÕ|114 Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, Ô¯§„wZkw³‡Z Î“wU i‡q‡QÕ|115 Avj−vgv Bebyj K¡vBwqg (691-751 wnt) e‡jb,

�3�T�� p�E�� ?�H9 ��V� f��9 �� e�:�z�Q ,�� T��E,�� :�*�+,�.�� _��,�;. Ô†m cÖPzi gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bvKvix| †h nv`xQ¸‡jv †m GKKfv‡e eY©bv K‡i‡Q †m¸‡jv †_‡K gynvwÏQMY KL‡bvB `jxj MÖnY K‡ibwbÕ|116 Beby wneŸvb e‡jb, ÔcÖwm× ivex †_‡K GKKfv‡e A‡bK gybKvi nv`xQ eY©bvKvixÕ|117 kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, ÔGi mb` hCdÕ|118 GQvovI Qnxn nv`xQmg~‡ni m¤ú~Y© we‡ivax|

)&X (�� Z��!�� A ��,�.�,�� K��$�E Z_��+ �� "9 �C,�+ �6,W Z��*�A�2 �� F�E�F�� +�2 ��E�:�4�� 3�.�E��,�� C,�D��2Z�,�� :�Q�>�E� L3.

111. whqvDj gvK¡‡`mx, Avj-gyLZviv 1/384 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69| 112. VM�>�@�,�� *�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/319-20 c„t| 113. J:�*��+ �=�-�E� - QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69| 114. ��"+ ��>��:�Y�=�- - QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69| 115. ��z�� "cV*�8 -ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 629| 116. Bebyj K¡vBwqg Avj-RvIwhqvn, hv`yj gvÔAv` 1/267 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 69| 117. �e�:�z�.�E:�*�H,�4�� :�*�+,�.��,�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/320 c„t| 118. f(�*��1 ��e,�.�8�N ��r�H� -QvjvZz Zvivexn, c„t 69|


(12) nvmvb Ave`yj Avhxh Beby ivdx nÕ‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, DevB Beby KvÔe g`xbv‡Z †jvK‡ì mv‡_ ivgvhvb gv‡m wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|119

ZvnK¡xK¡: GwUI hCd I gybKvi| Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx e‡jb, ÔAvãyj Avhxh Be‡b ivdx DevB Beby KvÔe-Gi hyM cvqwbÕ|120

kvqL Avjevbx e‡jb, Ave`yj Avhxh I DevB Beby KvÔe (ivt)-Gi gv‡S wew”QbœZv i‡q‡Q| KviY Zv‡ì Df‡qi g„Zz i gv‡S cÖvq 100 eQi A_ev Zvi †P‡q †ekx cv_©K¨ i‡q‡QÕ|121 †hgb Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx Beby wneŸv‡bi D×„wZ w`‡q e‡jb, Avãyj Avhx‡hi g„Zz n‡q‡Q 130 wnRixi c‡i|122 Avi DevB Beby KvÔe 32 wnRix‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡ib|123 myZivs DevB Beby KvÔe m¤ú‡K© Giƒc D™¢U K_v cÖPvi Ki‡j GKRb Qvnvexi Dci wg_¨v Acev` †Ìqv n‡e|

)&^ ( Ze�>��!�� 0� �� C,�+ �6,�W Z_�H� �� E�} �� .�� /0� ��1�2 ��K��$�E ,�.�� C,�D��2 �:�-�\ ��A b?�*�� *�� :�$�.�*�A �C,�+ ��7�� 6,�W L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� K��$�E

Z�,�� :�Q�>�E� . (13) hv‡q` Beby Inve e‡jb, Ave`yj−vn Beby gvmÔD` (ivt) ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì‡K QvjvZ cwo‡q‡Qb| wZwb ivwÎ‡ZB cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Zb| AvÔgvk e‡jb, wZwb wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|124

119. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (5)| 120. Z_��+ �� "9 �g�2��E �=�� Z��*�A�2 �� F�E�F�� -wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4/334 c„t| 121. :��+�9 � �9 Z3�.�8 �3�5,�� >�� ,��-�*�Q,�A� ��*�� C�|�A ��"9� ��r�H �F�E�F�� *�� f��@�.�� .�l�� G -

QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 67-68| 122. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/297 c„t| 123. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 96| 124. Beby bvQi, wK¡qvgyj jvBj, c„t 71; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 70|



ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU Rvj| †k‡li AskUzKz Rvj K‡i e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q ( �6,)�W Z�,)�� :�Q�>)�E� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� K��$�E �C,�+ ��7��. )| AvÔgvk KZ…©K ewY©Z †klvsk wfwËnxb| c~‡e©i AskUzKz ZveivYx‡Z G‡m‡Q|125 wKš‘ Zv hCd I gybKvi| ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx MÖš’Kvi e‡jb,

�H�r�9 ��EJD�� ,�.�@��f��A �|�C�� 7�� =�E ��2�g�� !��>Ze. ÔGwUI mb`MZ wew”QbœZvi Kvi‡Y hCd| †Kbbv AvÔgvk Beby gvmÔE` (ivt)-Gi hyM cvbwbÕ|126 kvqL Avjevbx D³ e³‡e¨ GKgZ †cvlY K‡i e‡jb,

��? �� Db? �A �|�C �� 7�� N ��E ,�:� �M�� !��>Ze�� >�8��3�2 �Y )��*�� I��,J�,.

Ôeis Zv weåvwš—Ki| KviY AvÔgvk `ÕyRb ivexi ga¨ ’Zv QvovB mivmwi Beby gvmÔE` †_‡K eY©bv K‡i‡QbÕ|127 AZGe RvjK…Z eY©bv MÖnY‡hvM¨ nIqvi cÖkœB Av‡m bv|

)&� ( �:�*�T�\ �� Z��*�W �� 0� �� C,�D)��2 ��A ��K��$�E �C,�+ ��9 Z?l�\ ��:�Q�>�� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4��.

(14) Ave`yj−vn Beby K¡v‡qm e‡jb, ïZvBi Beby kvKj ivgvhvb gv‡m wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges weZi co‡Zb|128

ZvnK¡xK¡: G eY©bvwUI hCd Ges gybKvi| Gi mb‡` Ave`yj−vn Beby K¡v‡qm bvgK ivex AZ¨š— `ye©j| Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, †m AcwiwPZ|129

125. ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi 9/317 c„t, nv/9588; gvRgvDh hvIqv‡q` 3/172 c„t;

we¯—vwiZ `ªt QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 71| 126. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx 3/445 c„t, nv/803-Gi Av‡jvPbv| 127. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 71| 128. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (1); mybvbyj Kzeiv 2/699 c„t| 129. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 318|


Bgvg hvnvex I Avh`x e‡jb, Ô†m AZ¨š— `ye©j Ges AcwiwPZÕ|130 GQvov Gi c~Y©v½ mb` †bB|

&� ( ��G�9 �$�x�� E �C,�+ �6,�W �_�* �3��z�I �� E�>�8 ,�.��o )�*�A �C,�D)��2 ��A ��K��$�:�Q ��]L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� Z[,��E� .

(15) Aveyj LyQvBe e‡jb, myIqvB` Beby Mvdjvn ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì BgvgwZ Ki‡Zb| wZwb cuvP êV‡K (5 ×4)=20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡ZbÕ|131

ZvnK¡xK¡: AvQviwU hCd I gybKvi| Gi mb‡` Aveyj LyQvBe i‡q‡Q| Zv‡K gynvwÏQMY wP‡bb bv| Bgvg hvnvex Zvi m¤ú‡K© e‡jb, †m AcwiwPZ|132 wZwb Ab¨Î e‡jb, ÔZvi cwiPq Rvbv hvq bvÕ|133 †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx cuvP êV‡Ki eY©bv‡K `ye©j e‡j‡Qb|134

)&� ( �� C,�+ �6,�W �:�� A, ��9 �� E�:�4)�� C,�D��2 ,�.�� K��$�E �3�l�*�� L3��+�2.

(16) bv‡dÕ Beby Igi e‡jb, Beby Avex gyjvqKv ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡ì mv‡_ wek ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡ZbÕ|135

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU Rvj| Gi mb‡` Beby Avex gyjvqKvn bvgK GKRb cwiZ¨³ ivex i‡q‡Q| g~j bvg Ave`yi ingvb Be‡b AveyeKi| Bgvg eyLvix (int) e‡jb, Ô†m nv`xQ RvjKvix|136 Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx I Beby gvCb Zv‡K hCd e‡j‡Qb|137 Bgvg Avngv` e‡jb, ÔQnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax eY©bvKvix

130. 6�>�-�y�� f(�*��1� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/473 c„t| 131. evqnvK¡x, mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4619, 2/699 c„t| 132. ��:��E,�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/92 c„t| 133. >�H �� M�2��E,�� G -c~‡e©v³, 1/653 c„t| 134. wgiK¡vZ, 3/194 c„t| 135. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (4)| 136. �p�E�� _�H��h -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t| 137. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 337; gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t|



wnmv‡e †m AMÖnY‡hvM¨Õ|138 Avey nv‡Zg e‡jb, Ônv`xQ eY©bvq †m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|139 Bgvg bvmvC e‡jb, Ônv`x‡Qi cwiZ¨³ ivexÕ| KL‡bv wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ô†m wbf©i‡hvM¨ bqÕ|140 Beby Av`x I Beby mvÔ` e‡jb, Zvi mKj nv`xQ hCd A_ev Rv‡ji ch©vqfy³|141

)&� ( �E �C,�+ ��9 ��2,�� ,��8�N ��9 ��o �?)�*��,�� C,�D)��2 ��A ��,�.�� Z�,�� :�Q�>�E� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4��.

(17) Avey BmnvK¡ †_‡K ewY©Z, nvwiQ ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎ‡Z †jvK‡ì BgvgwZ Ki‡Zb| †mLv‡b wZwb 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|142

ZvnK¡xK¡: G eY©bvwUI Rvj| Gi mb‡` nvwiQ I Avey BmnvK¡ bv‡g Î“wUc~Y© I Awfhy³ `yÕRb ivex i‡q‡Q| nvwi‡Qi †Kvb cwiPq cvIqv hvq bv| Avi Avey BmnvK¡ m¤ú‡K© Avj−vgv hvnvex e‡jb, Ô†m gybKvi eY©bvKvix‡ì Aš—fy©³Õ|143 Beby wneŸvb e‡jb, Ô†m hv eY©bv K‡i‡Q Zvi Øviv `jxj MÖnY Kiv êa bqÕ|144

)&� (�� 9 ��VM�:�T�x�9 �:�Q ��] �K��$�E �C,�+ ��Z[,��E� Z�,�� :�Q�>�E� �C,�D��2 ��A .

(18) Aveyj evLZvix ivgvhvb gv‡m cuvP êV‡K (4×5=20) Zvivexn co‡Zb| Avi wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|145

ZvnK¡xK¡: GB AvQviwUI Rvj| cÖ_gZ: Gi mb‡` ewY©Z ivex¸‡jvi †Kvb cwiPq †bB| wØZxqZ: Aveyj evLZvix GKRb wg_y K ivex| Avj−vgv hvnvex

138. �p�E�� f:�l�.�� -ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/133 c„t| 139. �p�E�� A �M�>�@�� *��-gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t; ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/134 c„t| 140. �p�E�� g� �:�T�� -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 2/550 c„t; ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/134 c„t| 141. ZvnhxeyZ Zvnhxe 6/133-34 c„t| 142. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (6)| 143. gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/488 c„t| 144. �� n,�y�T��,�� }�>�y�E,��, M� �2 -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/488 c„t| 145. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (7)|


e‡jb, Ô†Kvb hy‡MB Zvi cwiPq cvIqv hvqwbÕ|146 gynvwÏQ `ynvBm Zv‡K wg_y K e‡j‡Qb| Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbxI Zvi Î“wU eY©bv K‡i‡Qb|147

)&� ( ��K��$�E �C,�+ �3��*��2 �� C9 Z��*�� *�� *��8 �� )�A �=)�-��C,�D��2�:�Q ��] Z�,�� :�Q�>�E� Z[,��E� .

(19) mvC` Beby DevB` e‡jb, Avjx Beby iexÔAvn †jvK‡ì mv‡_ ivgvhvb gv‡m cuvP êV‡K (4×5=20) Zvivexn co‡Zb Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi co‡Zb|148

ZvnK¡xK¡: eY©bvwU hCd ev Rvj I gybKvi| Gi mb‡` `ÕyRb ev‡R ivex Av‡Q| Avjx Beby ivexÔAvn Avj-K¡vikx I mvC` Beby DevB`| Bgvg hvnvex Avjx Beby iexÔAvn m¤ú‡K© Avey nv‡Zg-Gi gZ †cvlY K‡i e‡jb †h, wZwb Zv‡K hCd e‡j‡Qb|149 mvC` Beby DevB` m¤ú‡K© Beby nvRvi AvmK¡vjvbx e‡jb, †m AcwiwPZ|150

D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ 20, 21 I 23 ivKÔAvZ QvovI 24, 28, 36, ev 39, 40 ev 7 ivKÔAvZ weZimn 47 ivKÔAv‡ZiI wewfbœ eY©bv KwZcq MÖ‡š’ D‡j−wLZ n‡q‡Q|151 wKš‘ 8 I 11 ivKÔAvZ Qvov Ab¨vb¨ †Kvb eY©bvi Qnxn wfwË †bB| Qvnvex, Zv‡eC I cieZ©x weØvbM‡Yi bv‡g †h mg — eY©bv Dc ’vcb Kiv n‡q‡Q †m¸‡jvi meB wfwËnxb, ev‡bvqvU| cÖKvivš—‡i Zv‡ì Dci wg_¨v †ZvngZ †Ìqv n‡q‡Q|

myax cvVK! DcwiD³ eY©bv¸‡jv AvR mgv‡R LyeB cÖPwjZ| Z‡e G ai‡bi D™¢U eY©bv Av‡iv Av‡Q|152 KíbvcÖm~Z D³ eY©bv¸‡jvi DciB gvbyl Avgj Ki‡Q| gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn, evqnvK¡x I gyQvbœv‡d Avãyi ivhhv‡Ki gZ wbgœ‡kªYxi `yÕGKwU MÖ‡š’ G¸‡jvi ’vb n‡q‡Q, wbf©i‡hvM¨ †Kvb wKZv‡e G¸‡jvi ’vb nqwb| wKš‘ †m¸‡jvI wek¦weL¨vZ wiRvjwe`M‡Yi m~² M‡elYvq

146. ��E �e,�l�E,��: -gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 4/494 c„t| 147. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 240| 148. Beby Avex kvqevn 2/285 (11)| 149. gxhvbyj BÔwZ`vj 3/126 c„t| 150. ZvK¡ixeyZ Zvnhxe, c„t 239| 151. gyQvbœvd Be‡b Avex kvqevn 2/285 (8, 10, 12)| 152. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 11/127 c„t|



hCd, Rvj I ev‡bvqvU cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| kvqL Avjevbx (int) G msµvš— Av‡jvPbvi Dcmsnv‡i e‡jb,

�)�A �=-�.)�� /0� ��1�2 �3��,��$�� 3�E� �:�� :�O�� *�� ,�.z�W� ,�� ?"+ ��r�H �<��O,�� #�e,�EVF�� <��E,�� b3�z�*��1 ,�-��"+ � �S�*��:�T�� [,��+�2 �e�� A �3�.!�� A

bc�*�\ ,�-�.��. ÔZvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i cÖgvwYZ mybœv‡Zi (11 ivKÔAv‡Zi) Dc‡i AwZwi³ msL¨vi c‡¶ Qvnvex‡`i †h mg — AvQvi ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, †m mg — eY©bv m¤ú‡K© Avgiv hv Dcjwä Kijvg Zv‡Z me¸‡jvB hCd; Gi Øviv wKQzB mve¨ — nq bvÕ|153

G¶‡Y hw` ejv nq, GZ¸‡jv eY©bv _vK‡Z †Kb Avgj Kiv hv‡e bv? mg — eY©bvB wK evwZj? ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi †QvÆ GKwU evYxB D³ †¶v‡fi Reve nÕ‡Z cv‡i| wZwb e‡jb,

"6,�� ,��A �Y�2 �� 0� �U,�T�+ ��A �<�!�*�� ,LP� �:�\ �C�>"P�:�T�4�E Z6,, ��*�� Z��:�\ �� C,�+ Z��:�\ �3�5,�� C,�+ C�N� b?�P,�� >�-�A �0� �U,�T�+ ��A�A�0� /a,�D�@�0� "��:�\� s��9 �s�O� 9 .

Ôgvby‡li Kx nÕj †h, Zviv AwaK kZ©v‡ivc Ki‡Q A_P Zv Avj−vni weav‡b †bB| g‡b †iL, †h kZ© Avj−vni msweav‡b †bB Zv evwZj‡hvM¨ hw`I Zv GKkÕ k‡Z©i †ekx nq| Avj−vni wm×vš—B me©vwaK Aåvš— Ges Zuvi kZ©B P~ovš—Õ|154 AZGe nvhvi nvhvi eY©bv _vK‡jI Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| KviY †m¸‡jv Avj−vni weav‡b †bB| †m¸‡jv †Kej hCd, Rvj| Dnv _vKv Avi bv _vKv GKB mgvb| GUvB gynvwÏQM‡Yi e³e¨|155

153. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 71| 154. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2729, 1g LÊ, c„t 377, Ô†Mvjvg Avhv`Õ Aa¨vq; Qnxn gymwjg

nv/3779, 1g LÊ, c„t 494; wgkKvZ nv/2877, c„t 249; e½vbyev` 6ô LÊ, c„t 46, nv/2752 Ôµq-weµqÕ Aa¨vq|

155. �>�Y� �CN ?�� -�4�T�!�E,�� T��E,�� ,�� :�l�.�� h,�4�� C9 �<��A�a��>�8 �� e -Avjevbx, QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 57|


Z …Z x q A a¨v q Z …Z x q A a¨v q Z …Z x q A a¨v q Z …Z x q A a¨v q

w e k ¦w e L ¨v Z gyn v w Ï Q w e k ¦w e L ¨v Z gyn v w Ï Q w e k ¦w e L ¨v Z gyn v w Ï Q w e k ¦w e L ¨v Z gyn v w Ï Q I jv gv ‡ q † Ki v ‡ gi e ³ e Ï jv gv ‡ q † Ki v ‡ gi e ³ e Ï jv gv ‡ q † Ki v ‡ gi e ³ e Ï jv gv ‡ q † Ki v ‡ gi e ³ e ¨


wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨

(1) Avj−vgv QvbÔAvbx (1099-1182 wnt) 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv mg~n‡K wfwËnxb mve¨ — Kivi ci e‡jb,

� ��:�T�� #,��; �C�9 ��K�"+ ��r�H �� <A�:��A�S�E ��)�*�� s)�z�Q�� M�r�� U�>"��8"7�� r�H �� b3�� :��+�7��.

ÔG mg — Av‡jvPbv †_‡K Zzwg Dcjwä Ki‡Z cvi‡j †h, AwaKvsk †jvKB hviv GB c×wZ‡Z (20 ivKÔAvZ) Zvivexni QvjvZ Av`v‡qi K_v e‡j‡Qb Avm‡j Zv we`ÔAvZÕ|156 AZGe 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn †h wfwËnxb Bgvg QvbÔAvbx †m wel‡q cwi®‹vi| (2) Bebyj Avivex gv‡jKx (g„t 546 wnt) Zuvi wZiwghxi fvl¨MÖš’ ÔAv‡ihvZzj AvnIqvhxÕ-†Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn msµvš— Av‡jvPbvi ci e‡jb,

E C�9 �S�*��$�� !�� *�� V��.�� #,��; L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N ��K��$ �:�*�I ,��7�A ��,�*�W� ��,�� *�A ��,�� ?�;�9 ,��A �e��7�� i��h .... ��*�� V��.�,�� ,�-�*�A �M��T@�E C�9 �_�Y�>�A

��,��!��. ÔQnxn nÕj 11 ivKÔAvZ cov, hv wQj ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi ivwÎi QvjvZ| Avi Gi AwZwi³ †h ivKÔAvZ msL¨v i‡q‡Q g~jZt Zvi †Kvb wfwË †bB Ges †Kvb mxgvI †bB| .... AZGe Zvivexni Qvjv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi AbymiY KivB IqvwReÕ|157 (3) kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,

156. 3�>A:� 3E� 2 �E:4�� *� ��9 <�� rH <A:� �hN -Bgvg gynv¤§v` web BmgvCj

AvQ-QvbÔAvbx, myeyjym mvjvg ki‡n eyj~¸j gvivg (ˆei“Z: `vi“j wKZvwej Avivex, 1990/1410 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 22, nv/347-Gi Av‡jvPbv, Ôbdj QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|

157. Bebyj Avivex Avj-gv‡jKx, Av‡ihvZzj AvnIqvhx, 4_© LÊ, c„t 19; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 80|


��9 Z(�$�.�� Z?�W,�� K?"l�� *��Q ��@�� S�E� ��:)�T�� "#,��; �3��,��$�� Z��9 �� S�$�E,��L3��+�2 ��E�:�4��.

ÔwbðqB cÖ‡Z¨K b¨vqcivqY Ávbx e¨w³i wbKU my úó n‡q‡Q †h, Qvnvex‡ì †Kvb GKR‡bi c¶ †_‡KI 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni QvjvZ Qnxn e‡j cÖgvwYZ nqwbÕ|158 (4) kvqL gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb (1347-1421 wnt/1927-2001 L„t) Zuvi ÔgvRvwjmy kvnwi ivgvhvbÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i 41, 39, 29, 23, 19, 13, 11 BZ¨vw` e³e¨ i‡q‡Q|

#�:�4�� ,��O � �9 �#�:�4�� M��N ,�-��9 �6��>W�7�� r�H �SVY�2"9� .G Z‡e G mg — e³‡eï g‡a¨ Avwg 11 ev 13 ivKÔAvZ‡KB me©vwaK cÖvavb¨ w`‡q _vwKÕ| †hgb Av‡qkv (ivt) †_‡K ewY©Z n‡q‡Q... Ges mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` †_‡K Igi (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©k i‡q‡Q, hv wZwb DevB Beby KvÔe I Zvgxgy `vix‡K K‡iwQ‡jbÕ|159 cÖL¨vZ nvbvdx Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨: Avgiv c~‡e©i Av‡jvPbvq Avj−vgv hvqjvC, eì“Ïxb Avqbx, Bebyj ûgvg, Avj−vgv bxgfx cÖgyL Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨ †ck K‡iwQ| hviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei kxl© ’vbxq weØvb| wb‡gœ Av‡iv K‡qKRb kxl© ’vbxq cwÊ‡Zi e³e¨ Dc ’vcb Kiv nj: (5) Avj−vgv AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx (1292-1352 wnt) Qnxn eyLvixi fvl¨MÖš’ Ôdvqhyj evix'†Z e‡jb,

Z(�*��1 Zs�E�:�� ,��N L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� ,��O �� E�}"9 ,J��>"A�:�� <��E �=�� S�E� ��:�T�� C�N ÔwbðqB Zvivexni QvjvZ 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ gvid‚Õ m~‡Î cÖgvwYZ nqwb; Z‡e hCd m~‡Î Av‡QÕ| A_©vr wZwb 13-Gi AwaK msL¨v eY©bv¸‡jv‡K hCd e‡j‡Qb|160

158. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 75| 159. gynv¤§v` web Qv‡jn Avj-DQvqgxb, gvRvwjmy kvnwi ivgvhvb (mE`x Avie: IqvhvivZzk

ïq~b Avj-Bmjvwgqvn, 1419 wnt), 1/33 c„t| 160. AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix, dvqhyj evix Avjv Qnxwnj eyLvix (w`j−x: iveŸvbx eyK wWcy,

Zvwe), 2q LÊ, c„t 420|


D‡j−L¨ †h, D³ 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi 8 ivKÔAvZ Zivexn, 3 ivKÔAvZ weZi Ges evKx 2 ivKÔAvZ dR‡ii c~‡e©i `yB ivKÔAvZ mybœvZ A_ev Zvnv¾y QvjvZ ïi“ Kivi c~‡e©i msw¶ß `yB ivKÔAvZ| Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡g GB `yÕiKg eY©bvB G‡m‡Q|161 wZiwghxi fvl¨MÖš’ ÔAvj-Avidzk kvhxÕ‡Z wZwb e‡jb,

L3)��+�2 �C� �:�4�� ,��9� Z[,��+�2 "C,��O ��.�� S�$�A �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; ��.�� ,��9� f�,�zVQ�� z��1 �� Z(�*��1 Z��.�!�� ,��!�� *�� .�� >�-�A.

Ôbex Kixg (Qvt) †_‡K Qnxn m~‡Î 8 ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| Avi 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi mb` hCd cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q; eis Zv (mKj gynvwÏ‡Qi wbKU) me©m¤§wZµ‡g hCdÕ|162 wZwb Av‡iv Ø¨_©nxb K‡É e‡jb,

,�� Z[,��+�2 "3�*��,��O �<��,�+ ��,��!�� *�� E� ��:�Q �C�9 Z=�*��!�Q �� ¡,�.��. ÔAZxe ev —e wel‡q AvZ¥mgc©Y Kiv Qvov †Kvb Dcvq †bB †h, wbðqB ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Zvivexni QvjvZ wQj 8 ivKÔAvZÕ|163 (6) Ô‡n`vqvnÕi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg (g„t 681 wnt) Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i wek` Av‡jvPbvi ci e‡jb,

GA�$��T"? �� r�H ��K�"+ �C�9 ��,�*�W ��2�C,�D b3�.�8 M��N �#�:�4�� L3��+�2 �:�Q�>�,)�� )�A Z3��,��Y ��A ��; �� *�� =��8� .

ÔG mg — Av‡jvPbv †_‡K cÖgvwYZ nÕj †h, ivgvhv‡bi iv‡Zi QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ weZimn 11 ivKÔAvZ cov mybœvZ, hv ¯qs ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Av`vq K‡i‡QbÕ|164 (7) Dcgnv‡`‡ki L¨vZbvgv nvbvdx gbxlx Ave`yj nvB jv‡¶èŠfx Rvwei (ivt) ewY©Z 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D×„Z Kivi ci wØavnxbwP‡Ë e‡jb,

161. Qnxn eyLvix nv/1140 ÔZvnv¾y Õ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-9; Qnxn gymwjg nv/1803-4,

Ôgymvwd‡ii QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-134| 162

. AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix, Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n weRv‡gÕ wZiwghx (†`Ie›`: gyLZvi GÛ †Kv¤úvbx, 1985), 1g LÊ, c„t 166, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`, ÔwQqvgÕ Aa¨vq|

163. ki‡n wZiwghx, 1g LÊ, c„t 166| 164. dvrûj K¡v`xi 1g LÊ, c„t 407 (2q LÊ, c„t 448)|

wek¦weL¨vZ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi e³e¨


��,�*�� i��Q ��A �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; V��.�� #>��; �� ?�m�8 C�N ��9 "?�;,�� ,)�-��N � ��)�; ?�H ��9 �?�m�8 C�N� Z:��,�Y �p�E�� Z[,��+�2 "C,��O ,�-��9 �U��>�y�,�A B�<��,�+ �=�+Z(�*��1 Zp�E�� i��h �<��O �=�� U��>�y�,�A BL3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� ,J�,�*��9 �>�� C,�D��2 ��A.

Ô†gvÏvK_v nÕj, hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †h ivZ¸‡jv‡Z Zvivexn c‡owQ‡jb Zv KZ ivKÔAvZ wQj? Zvn‡j Rvwei (ivt) KZ…©K ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K Gi DËi n‡e 8 ivKÔAvZ c‡owQ‡jb| Avi hw` cÖkœ Kiv nq, wZwb wK KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ c‡o‡Qb? Zvn‡j DËi n‡e, nu v G g‡g© hCd nv`xQ i‡q‡QÕ|165 (8) Ave`yj nK¡ gynvwÏQ †`njfx nvbvdx (958-1052 wnt/1551-1642 L„t) e‡jb, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) nÕ‡Z wek ivKÔAv‡Zi †Kvb Qnxn nv`xQ †bB|

��1 �� Z(�*��1 Z��.�!�� ,��!�� *�� .�� >�-�A L3��+�2 �C� �:�4�� ,��9� f�,�zVQ�� z. ÔAvi Zuvi c¶ nÕ‡Z wek ivKÔAv‡Zi †h eY©bv i‡q‡Q Zvi mb` hCd, eis hCd nIqvi †¶‡Î mKj gynvwÏQ GKgZÕ|166 (9) kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx (1114-1176 wnt) ÔgyIqvË¡v gv‡jKÕ-Gi fvl¨ ÔAvj-gyQvddvÕ MÖ‡š’ †NvlYv K‡ib †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi Avgj Øviv Zvivexni QvjvZ weZimn 11 ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZÕ|167 (10) evsjvi AvKv‡k †jLbx RM‡Zi GK Abb¨ w`Kcvj gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Avãyi inxg (1918-1987) Zvi Ônv`xm kixdÕ MÖ‡š’ wek ivKÔAv‡Zi `yÕwU eY©bv D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb, ÔwKš‘ GB nv`xQØ‡qi mb` `ye©jÕ| AZtci wZwb Qnxn eyLvix, gymwjg I gymbv‡` Avngv` †_‡K Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi ewY©Z 8 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D‡j−Lc~e©K e‡jb, ÔGB nv`xQ nB‡Z eySv hvq †h, bex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zvivexni bvgvh gvÎ AvU ivKÔAvZ cwo‡Zb, Bnvi ci weZ‡ii QvjvZ cwo‡Zb| ... Bnv nB‡ZI Zvivexn bvgvh AvU ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZ nqÕ|168

165. Avjevbx, bvgv‡h Zvivexn (D`~©), Abyev`: gynv¤§v` Qv‡`K¡ Ljxj (dvqQvjvev`: whqvDm

mybœvn, 1407 wnt), c„t 34-35, UxKv bs 2, M„nxZ: ZzndvZzj AvLevi, c„t 28| 166. dvrû wmiwij gvbœvb wj ZvC‡` gvhnv‡e byÔgvb, c„t 327| 167

. kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx, Avj-gyQvddv ki‡n gv‡jK gyIqvË¡v (dvm©x), c„t 177| 168

. gvIjvbv gynv¤§v` Ave`yi inxg, nv`xm kixd (XvKv: LvBi“b cÖKvkbx, †deª“qvix, 1999), 2q LÊ, c„t 218, ÔZvivexni bvgvhÕ Aby‡”Q`|


P Z z_ © A a ¨v qP Z z_ © A a ¨v qP Z z_ © A a ¨v qP Z z_ © A a ¨v q

P v i B gv ‡ gi ` „w ó ‡ Z P v i B gv ‡ gi ` „w ó ‡ Z P v i B gv ‡ gi ` „w ó ‡ Z P v i B gv ‡ gi ` „w ó ‡ Z Z v i v e x n &i i v K ÔA v Z m s L ¨vZ v i v e x n &i i v K ÔA v Z m s L ¨vZ v i v e x n &i i v K ÔA v Z m s L ¨vZ v i v e x n &i i v K ÔA v Z m s L ¨v


Pvi Bgv‡gi „wó‡Z

Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v (1) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (80-150 wnt)-Gi c¶ †_‡K Zuvi Abymvixiv e‡j _v‡Kb †h, Zvivexni QvjvZ wek ivKÔAvZ| Bgvg Avey BDmyd (in:) Zuv‡K Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© wR‡Ám Ki‡j wZwb Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi w`‡K Bw½Z K‡ib Ges 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v e‡jb|169 wKš‘ D³ e³‡eï †Kvb mZ¨Zv cvIqv hvq bv| †hgb Avj−vgv AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx wb‡RB cÖwZev` K‡i e‡j‡Qb, VM�>)�@�� e,�.)�8�¢,�� ,)�.��"��E �=�� C�N� ÔhwÌ D³ K_v wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~‡Î Avgv‡ì Kv‡Q †cuŠ‡QwbÕ|170

G¶‡Y Zuvi e³e¨ hw` mwVKI nq ZeyI wK Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨? KviY Igi (ivt) KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i wb‡`©k †`bwb| Zuvi hy‡M wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvjy wQj e‡j †h K_v cÖPwjZ Av‡Q, ZviI †Kvb Qnxn wfwË †bB| hv Avgiv c~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ| myZivs `ye©j wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ †Kvb e³e¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡Z cv‡i bv|

(2) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wnt) m¤ú‡K© 36 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni K_v ejv n‡q _v‡K, wKš‘ Zv mwVK bq| KviY Zuvi wbR¯ e³e¨ Øviv 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_vB cÖgvwYZ nq| †hgb- gynvwÏQ Aveyj gvbQzi Avj-Ryix (g„t 469 wnt) Bgvg gv‡jK †_‡K eY©bv K‡ib,

�>)�H� ��N _��9 �U,��x�� :�� ,�.�� *�� Y �M�r�� 6,�W ��9 Zi��,�� M��N �� ?�*�W �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; �0� �6�>�8�2 "#,��; ��H� L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N

�� 6,�W �:�Q�>�,�� L3��+�2 �#�:�4��=. ÔwZwb e‡jb, Igi Bebyj LvË¡ve (ivt) †jvK‡ì‡K hvi Dc‡i GKwÎZ K‡iwQ‡jb Avgvi wbKU Zv-B me©vwaK cm›`bxq| Avi wZwb hv Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb

169. /0� ��; V��.�� f��-�� .�� /0� ��1�2 �:�� C,�+ ?�H �3�z�*�.�� ,��9 �(�8�>�E �>��9 �6�7�8 �� 2�:�W ��*�� =w��8� ��*�� :�� "l�E �=�� 3�z�*�.�� >��9 �6,�W ,�-�� 9� L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� S�E� ��:�T

,J��T�� -Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx mn 1g LÊ, c„t 101 I 166 `ªt| 170. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166, 25 bs jvBb|


Zv wQj 11 ivKÔAvZ| Avi GUvB wQj ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−û AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi QvjvZÕ| AZtci Zuv‡K cÖkœ Kiv nÕj, weZimn 11 ivKÔAvZ? wZwb DË‡i e‡jb, nu vÕ| Gici gynvwÏQ Avj-Ryix we¯§‡qi mv‡_ e‡jb,

�:)�*��l�� >)"+:�� r�H ��9 ��E�9 �� M�2�e�9 ,�� ÔAvwg AeMZ bB †h, †Kv_v †_‡K (Zuvi bv‡g) Gi AwaK ivKÔAvZ msL¨v Avwe®K…Z nÕj? 171 Ab¨vbïvI Giƒc gš—e¨ K‡i‡Qb| GQvov Zuvi nv`x‡Qi wKZve ÔgyIqvË¡vÕ†ZI wZwb cÖ_‡g Igi (ivt)-Gi wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| hwÌ wZwb Zvici Bqvhx` Beby iƒgvb ewY©Z 20 ivKÔAv‡ZiI GKwU eY©bv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, hv gynvwÏQM‡Yi HKg‡Z¨ hCd I gybKvi|172 D‡j−L¨ †h, ejv n‡q _v‡K g`xbv‡Z 41 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvjy wQj| G K_vwUiI wbf©i‡hvM¨ †Kvb wfwË †bB| KviY Bgvg gv‡jK (int)-Gi Rb¥ †hgb g`xbv‡Z, †Zgwb wZwb †mLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡ib Ges gmwR‡` beex‡ZB AvRxeb nv`x‡Qi ìm cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 179 wnRix‡Z gviv hvb|173 myZivs Zuvi g„Zz ch©š— g`xbv‡Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ QvjvZ Pvjy nqwb e‡jB cÖgvwYZ nq| †mB mv‡_ Igi (ivt) g`xbv‡Z †h 11 ivKÔAvZB Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb ZvI Bgvg gv‡j‡Ki eY©bv Øviv cÖgvwYZ nq| ZvB Zuvi bv‡g 20 ivKÔAvZ cÖgvY Kivi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| (3) Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204 wnt)-Gi ¯úó †Kvb e³e¨ cvIqv hvq bv|174 Bgvg wZiwghx (209-279 wnt) Igi I Avjx (ivt)-Gi bv‡g Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i Bgvg kv‡dCi †h mg_©b Zz‡j a‡i‡Qb Zv `ye©j, Awfhy³ I Î“wUc~Y©| KviY wZwb D³ e³e¨ �M� �2 (Kw_Z) kã Øviv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb|175 ZvQvov Bgvg kv‡dCi D³ e³e¨ m¤ú‡K© Bgvg evqnvK¡x e‡j‡Qb †h, ÔGUv Av‡jg‡ì HwZnvwmK Kíbv

171. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 79| 172. wØZxq Aa¨v‡q 7 bs nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv `ªt| 173. W. gynv¤§v` Kv‡gj ûmvBb, Bgvg gv‡jK I gyIqvË¡v wKZve, `ªt gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK

(êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), f~wgKv|

174. 6,W ��A,4�� *� £ a�\ �� rH s*1 � �� -T.E �*�N ��{ 3�A,� C|)A �>�,P9 �,*@�� >�W9 e>y!�� !A >H _�9 ¤N CN � :�+9 �>+:�� e>y!)��

�!A -evqnvK¡x, gvÔ‡idvZzm mybvb 4/207, nv/1443; dvrûj evix 4/319 c„t| 175. wZiwghx nv/806-Gi Av‡jvPbv, 1g /166 c„t|


gvÎÕ|176 we‡kl K‡i Bgvg kv‡dCI Igi (ivt)-Gi bv‡g D×„Z e³eÜzKz �M� �2 kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|177 Avi gynvwÏQM‡Yi bxwZ nÕj, †Kvb AcÖgvwYZ, `ye©j I wfwËnxb e³e¨ D×„Z Ki‡j Zuviv �M� �2 (Kw_Z) kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡ib|178 eySv †Mj Bgvg kv‡dC (int) wb‡RB 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv‡K `ye©j I Kw_Z ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| wbðqB wZwb 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ wQ‡jb bv| Abyiƒc Bgvg wZiwghxi wbK‡UI D³ e³e¨ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| ZvB wZwbI Abyiƒc kã ØvivB Bgvg‡ì K_v¸‡jv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| (4) Bgvg Avngv` (164-241 wnt)-Gi e¨vcv‡iI †Kvb wbw`©ó ivKÔAvZ msL¨v cvIqv hvq bv, eis wZwb wbw`©ó ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi we‡ivax wQ‡jb| Beby Zvqwgqvi e³‡eï Ace¨vL¨v: Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (661-728 wnt) 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ gZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb e‡j †KD †KD mgv‡R Zzgyj cÖPviYv Pvjv‡”Qb| A_P Zvi dvZvIqvi MÖ‡š’ Zvivexni ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi e¨vcv‡i wZwb Av‡jg‡ì wewfbœ gZvgZ †ck K‡i‡Qb gvÎ| wZwb 20, 39 Ges 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi †gvU wZbwU gZ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| g~jZ wZwb Avngv` web nv¤^‡ji b¨vq Awbw`©ó ivKÔAvZ msL¨vi c‡¶| †hgb wZwb gZvgZ D‡j−L Kivi ci e‡j‡Qb,

��)�1�2 ��9 ��,��|�� i��h �� u�� W ,��+ f��!�� *��Y �i��h �C�9 �U��>�$�� fe�� C,�D��2 ��,�*�W ��A �<�W�>�T�E,�� 9� ��.�� /0�.

Ô†mvRv K_v GB †h, D³ cÖ‡Z¨KwU gZB fvj, †hgb Bgvg Avngv` D³ wel‡q eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wZwb wK¡qv‡g ivgvhvb m¤ú‡K© †Kvb ivKÔAvZ msL¨v wbw`©ó K‡ibwbÕ|179 AZtci Beby Zvqwgqvn cÖvavb¨ w`‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb,

,�+ �i��h �="O �#�:�4�� ,��O � 9 L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N �?�*��,�� >"@�E �C,�+ ��|�A ��,�.�� C��*�O,��O� ,J��!�Q �<�� T�� [,��+�:�� :"��l�A ��,�*�@�� 6�>"P �� >"z��1 �3�.�E��,��.

176. =�} ?H9 =�� E2�>T�,� -gvÔ‡idvZzm mybvb 4/205, nv/1441| 177. gvÔ‡idvZzm mybvb 4/205, nv/1441; Avj-gyhvbx, Avj-gyLZvQvi 1/107 c„t-Gi

eiv‡Z QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 55| 178. Qnxn gymwjg, gyK¡vÏvgvn ki‡n beexmn 1/8 c„t, Aby‡”Q` 1-Gi fvl¨ `ªt| 179. †`Lyb: Beby Zvqwgqvn, gvRg~ÔD dvZvIqv 23/112-13 c„t|

PZz_© Aa¨vq : Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v


ÔAek¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) wK¡ivAvZ `xN© Kivi gva¨‡g 11 ev 13 ivKÔAvZB c‡o‡Qb| AZtci mvaviY †jvKRb `ye©jZvi Kvi‡Y wK¡ivAvZ `xN© Kivi cwie‡Z© ivKÔAvZ msL¨v 39 ch©š— K‡i‡Q|180 Bgvg Beby Zvqwgqvn (int)-Gi D³ e³‡e¨ ¯úó n‡q †M‡Q †h, 11 I 13 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ ivKÔAvZ msL¨v RbMYB wewfbœ ARynv‡Z Pvjy K‡i‡Q| hv kixÔAv‡Zi Aš—f©y³ n‡Z cv‡i bv| AZGe Pvi Bgv‡gi gva¨‡gI Kw_Z wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn mve¨ — nÕj bv| Bgvg‡ì bv‡g D×„Z wZiwghxi e³‡eï ch©v‡jvPbv: Bgvg wZiwghx (209-279) Aveyhvi (ivt) KZ…©K ewY©Z ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wZbw`b Zvivexn covi nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i wZwb weØvbM‡Yi wb‡gœv³ gZvgZ †ck K‡i‡Qb-

�(��T�]�� "?�H�9 �=�� A ��,�*�W �C,�D��2 M�9�:�A �=�-�D�� C�9 ��K��$�E M��N �*)��2�9� �� L3��+�2 �� :�Q�>�� >�H� "6�>�W �?�H�9 �E��3�. "?�� r�H �=�H��.�� E��,��3�. �:��+�9� �?�H�9 �=�� ,�� ¥� �2 �� :�� ,��H�:�*�I� �� U,��;�9 V��.�� ; �� *�� =��8� �E�:�4�� L3��+�2 �>�H� "6�>�W V¥�2�>�� g�2,�� V��A,�4�� 6,)�W

��A,�4�� r�l�H� �<+�2�e�9 ,�� 3�l�� $�E�>��C �E�:�4�� L3��+�2 �6,)�W ��)��9 �¥� �2 ��A ��r�H bC��>��9 �=�� @�E �*�A�� Za��4�� 6,�W ��8�N,�� ?�� 2,)�T�x�� M��)��N �*��2�9� �� L3��+�2 �� ,�� ¥� �2 �� V��"9 �� Z_��+.

ÔAv‡jgMY ivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi Qvjv‡Zi e¨vcv‡i gZv‰bK¨ K‡i‡Qb| Zv‡ì Kv‡iv g‡Z weZi mn 41 ivKÔAvZ| GUv g`xbvevmxi e³e¨| Zv‡ì g‡Z g`xbv‡ZI G Avgj i‡q‡Q| AwaKvsk Av‡jg Igi, Avjx QvovI Qvnvex‡ì bv‡g Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi †h e³e¨ G‡m‡Q Zvi c‡¶| GUv mywdqvb QvIix, Bebyj gyeviK I kv‡dCi e³e¨| kv‡dC e‡jb, Avwg GiƒcB Avgv‡ì kni g°vq †c‡qwQ †h, Zviv 20 ivKÔAvZ coZ| Bgvg Avngv` e‡jb, G e¨vcv‡i A‡bK i‡Oi eY©bv G‡m‡Q| G m¤ú‡K© wbw`©ó †Kvb mgvavb †bB| BmnvK¡ e‡j, Avgiv 41 ivKÔAvZ cm›` Kwi, hv DevB Beby KvÔe †_‡K Kw_Z Av‡QÕ|181

180. dvZvIqv Beby Zvqwgqvn 23/113 c„t| 181. wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166|


Bgvg wZiwghxi D³ gš—‡e¨ A‡b‡K weå‡g cwZZ n‡q‡Qb| welqwU m~²fv‡e Dcjwä Kivi AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q| cÖ_gZ: Bgvg wZiwghx GLv‡b weØvb‡ì gZvgZ D‡j−L Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb gvÎ| wZwb GB gZvgZ `jxj wnmv‡e †ck K‡ibwb| `jxj wnmv‡e †ck Ki‡j Zuvi bxwZ Abyhvqx Gi c‡¶ †Kvb nv`xQ †ck Ki‡Zb| wKš‘ wZwb Kw_Z 41 ev 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ ewY©Z †Kvb nv`xQ Zuvi MÖ‡š’ ’vb †`bwb| eis wZwb 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb|182 ZvB G wb‡q gvZvgvwZi wKQz †bB|

wØZxqZ: 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi AskUzKz wZwb �M� �2 (Kw_Z Av‡Q) kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Bgvg kv‡dC (int)-Gi e³eÜzKzI Ab¨Î GKB kã Øviv Dwj−wLZ n‡q‡Q|183 Gi gva¨‡g Bgvg wZiwghx wb‡RB D³ gZvgZ‡K hCd I Awfhy³ nIqvi cÖwZ Bw½Z K‡i‡Qb| KviY gynvwÏQM‡Yi bxwZ nÕj, Zuviv hLb `ye©j, Awfhy³ I Î“wUc~Y© eY©bv D‡j−L Ki‡Z Pvb ZLb �M� �2 (Kw_Z Av‡Q) kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡ib| †hgb-

,Lz�*��)�1 "p�E�� C,�+ ��h�N �=�H�:�*�I� �p�E�� ?�H�9 �� C�>"@K@�� /a,�� 6,�W )��9 � �9 �?��A � �9 �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; �0� "6�>�8�2 �6,�W ��*�A "6,�@�E�� 9 �)�-�� 9 �:

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Ôwe‡klÁ gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †Kivg mn Ab¨vb¨ weØvbMY e‡j‡Qb, hLb †Kvb nv`xQ hCd cÖgvwYZ n‡e ZLb eY©bvi †¶‡Î ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) e‡j‡Qb, K‡i‡Qb, wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, wb‡la K‡i‡Qb, wm×vš— w`‡q‡Qb Ges Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ `„pZv evPK †Kvb kã cÖ‡qvM Kiv hv‡e bv| Abyiƒc QvnvexM‡Yi †¶‡ÎI bv| †hgb- Avey ûivqivn (ivt) eY©bv K‡i‡Qb, e‡j‡Qb, D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb, msev` w`‡q‡Qb A_ev Giƒc Ab¨vb¨ kãI ejv hv‡e bv| GgbwK Zv‡eC I Zv‡ì cieZ©x‡ì e¨vcv‡iI Giƒc ejv hv‡e bv, hw` Zv

182. wZiwghx 1/99 c„t, nv/439| 183. Avj-gyhvbx, Avj-gyLZvQvi 1/107 c„t-Gi eiv‡Z QvjvZz Zvivexn, c„t 55|

PZz_© Aa¨vq : Pvi Bgv‡gi `„wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v


`ye©j cÖgvwYZ nq| eis DcwiD³ †¶Îmg~‡n ej‡Z n‡e, ÔZvi †_‡K Kw_Z ev ewY©Z Av‡Q, D×„Z n‡q‡Q A_ev wee„Z n‡q‡QÕ...| 184 eySv †Mj Bgvg wZiwghxI Î“wU AvKv‡iB Bgvg‡ì gZvgZ¸‡jv D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Gi gva¨‡g hCd nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ gynvwÏQM‡Yi †h N„Yv‡eva ZvI dz‡U D‡V‡Q| Z…ZxqZ: †Kvb Bgvg, gynvwÏQ, dK¡xn hw` kviC wel‡q †Kvb K_v e‡jb A_ev Zvi c¶ †_‡K ejv nq Zvn‡j Zvi wcQ‡b Aek¨B kviC `jxj gIRy _vK‡Z n‡e| †mB mv‡_ D³ `jxj Qnxn n‡Z n‡e| Bgvg wZiwghxi D×„Z As‡ki c‡¶ †Kvb Qnxn `jxj †bB e‡jB wZwb gš—e¨ AvKv‡i †ck K‡i‡Qb| myZivs †KD hw` Zv‡ì D³ e³e¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j Aek¨B Zv‡K Zvi c‡¶ Qnxn `jxj †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| KviY GUv kixÔAvZ| GLv‡b e¨w³i K_vi †Kvb g~j¨ †bB| Ab¨_v Bgvg‡ì Dci wg_¨v Acev` †Ìqv n‡e|

`yBwU we‡kl g~jbxwZ (GK) †h‡Kvb kviC e³e¨ `jxj wfwËK nIqv: kviC wel‡q †Kvb wjLbx ev e³e¨ Dc ’vcb Ki‡j Zv `jxjwfwËK n‡Z n‡e| †K KZ eo Bgvg ev weØvb Zv †`Lvi welq bq| Ab¨_v Zvi K_vi †Kvb g~j¨ †bB| Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

�>"��7�8,�A� �?�H�9 �:+Kr�� C�N �=�T�."+ ,�� >��Q�C¨ �[,�.V*��,�� :��F�� . ÔmyZivs †Zvgiv hw` bv Rvb Zvn‡j ¯úó `jxjmn Avn‡j whwKi‡ì wR‡Ám KiÕ (m~iv bvnj 43-44)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg `jx‡ji wfwË‡ZB gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Zb (m~iv BDmyd 108; bvRg 3-4; nv-°vn 44-46)| nv`x‡QI Gai‡bi AMwYZ cÖgvY i‡q‡Q|185 Bmjv‡gi BwZnv‡m cÖwm× Pvi Bgvgmn gynvwÏQ Ijvgv‡q †KivgI `jx‡ji wfwË‡Z gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Zb| †hgb- (K) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (80-150wnt) e‡jb,

184. †`Lyb: Bgvg beex, gyK¡vÏvgvn ki‡n gymwjg, Aby‡”Q` 2-Gi †klvsk c„: 8; Avj-

gvRg~Ô kviûj gynvhhve 1g LÊ, c„t 63; Zvgvgyj wgbœvn, c„t 39| 185. Qnxn eyLvix nv/5765, 2q LÊ, c„t 858, ÔwPwKrmvÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-48; bvmvC,

Avj-Kzeiv nv/11174, 6/343 c„t; `v‡igx nv/202, mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/166; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/159, 1/123 c„t; Qnxn eyLvix nv/1465, 1g LÊ, c„t 198, ÔhvKvZÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-46; gyËvdvK¡ AvjvBn, wgkKvZ nv/5162|


Z��7�� ?��E,��,��r�]�9 ��E�9 �� =��E �=�� ,�� ,�.��>�@�� r�]7�E C�9 .

ÔH e¨w³i c‡¶ Avgv‡`i †Kvb e³e¨ MÖnY Kiv nvjvj bq, †h m¤ú‡K© †m Rv‡b bv Avgiv Dnv †Kv_vq †_‡K MÖnY K‡iwQÕ|186 (L) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179wnt) e‡jb,

,��N ,��9 f:�4�� "c��]"9 �*�;"9� �_ � �:"t��,�A� ��A ��E9�2 C�|�A �s)�A�� U,)�T�l�� 3�.!)�� "r�x�A�� ,�� =�� ,��-@�A��>�E �>"+�:�Q,�A��.

ÔAvwg GKRb gvbyl gvÎ| Avwg fyj wm×vbI †`B mwVKI †`B| AZGe Avgvi wm×vš— ‡jv †Zvgiv hvPvB Ki| †h mg — wm×vš— KziAvb I mybœvn †gvZv‡eK cvI †m¸‡jv MÖnY Ki Avi †h¸‡jv cv‡e bv †m¸‡jv cwiZ¨vM KiÕ|187 (M) Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204wnt) e‡jb,

�N�h� �2�9�E�< �+� �� E�x��,�( ��E�p �A��,��"��>� ��, )��E�p � )�1��:��>� ��l� )�� 5,�d.

ÔhLb Zzwg Avgvi †Kvb K_v nv`x‡Qi ei‡Ljvd †`L‡e, ZLb nv`x‡Qi Dci Avgj Ki‡e Ges Avgvi K_v‡K †`Iqv‡j Quy‡o gvi‡eÕ|188 (N) Bgvg Avngv` (164-241wnt) e‡jb,

"p)�*�� )�� ,�l��7�� r�]� ��x�.�� ,�� }� �7�� ,Ll��,�� C��K��@�Q ,�� K��@�Q,��3�.!�� U,�T�l�� "r�]�9.

ÔZzwg Avgvi ZvK¡jx` Ki bv, gv‡jK, AvIhvC, bvLC ev Ab¨ Kv‡ivI ZvK¡jx` Ki bv| eis mgvavb MÖnY Ki wKZve I mybœvn †_‡K, †hLvb †_‡K Zuviv MÖnY K‡i‡QbÕ|189

186. BÔjvgyj gyAv‡°Cb 2q LÊ, c„t 309; Beby Av‡e`xb, nvwkqv evni“i iv‡qK¡ 6ô LÊ, c„t 293; wQdvZz QvjvwZb bvex, c„t 46|

187. kviû gyLZvQvi Ljxj wjj KviLx 21/213 c„t| 188. Avj-LyjvQv dx Avmevwej BLwZjvd, c„t 108; kvn AwjDj−vn †`njfx, BK¡ yj Rx`

dx AvnKvwgj BRwZnv` IqvZ ZvK¡jx` (Kvq‡iv: Avj-gvZevAvZzm mvjvwdqvn, 1345wnt), c„t 27|

189. BK¡ yj Rx` dx AvnKvwgj BRwZnv` IqvZ ZvK¡jx`, c„t 28|

Pvi Bgv‡gi „wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v


(`yB) D³ `jxj Qnxn mve¨ — nIqv:

kixÔAvZ MÖnY Kivi Av‡iKwU Ab¨Zg kZ© nÕj H `jxjwU Qnxn nIqv| hCd, Rvj ev Î“wUc~Y© n‡j Pj‡e bv| KviY nv`xQ Rvj Kiv, kixÔAv‡Zi bv‡g bZzb †Kvb Avgj ˆZix Kiv Ges Anxi weav‡bi Ace¨vL¨v Kiv cwi®‹vi nvivg (AvbÔAvg 144; AvÔivd 33; ûRyivZ 6)| Aciw`‡K bex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) G e¨vcv‡i K‡Vvi wb‡lavÁv Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb|190 Qvnvev‡q †KivgI hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× m‡PZb wQ‡jb| AZGe Av ’vnxb, Î“wUc~Y©, Awfhy³, cvcvPvix, dvwmK †kªYxi †jv‡Ki eY©bv †Kvbµ‡gB MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| hZ¶Y ch©š— b¨vqcivqY e¨w³i c¶ †_‡K wbf©i‡hvM¨ m~‡Î cÖgvwYZ bv n‡e| G Rb¨ nv`xQ hCd cÖgvwYZ nÕ‡j Zv kixÔAv‡Zi `jxj nIqvi cÖkœB Av‡m bv| KviY Bmjvg m¤ú~Y© Î“wUgy³| Gi weavb AwZ ¯”Q, Aåvš—, AKvU¨, AcÖwZ‡iva¨ (AvbÔAvg 116)| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) e‡jb,

3�*�@�� Ga,�D�*�� ,�-�� ="l�Tm�Y ��@��.w ÔAvwg †Zvgv‡`i wbKU m¤ú~Y© `xwßgvb I AwZ ¯”Q Øxb wb‡q G‡mwQÕ|191 cÖwm× Pvi Bgvgmn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQMYI Gi wei“‡× msMÖvg K‡i †M‡Qb| †hgb-

cÖwm× Pvi Bgv‡gi g~jbxwZ: (1) Bgvg Avey nvbxdv (80-150wnt)-Gi P~ovš‘ g~jbxwZ wQj hCd nv`xQ †Q‡o Qnxn nv`xQ‡K AuvK‡o aiv| ZvB Ø¨_©nxbfv‡e †NvlYv K‡ib, �S�; ��h�N ��Hr�� >�-�A "p�E�� ÔhLb nv`xQ Qnxn n‡e †mUvB Avgvi gvhnveÕ|192 (2) Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179wnt) e‡jb,

��8,�� ?"l�� b?�Y�2 �=��!�E ��*�� 9 �=��8,�� K?"l�� "�V��E �>�H� �J��9 ,J�,��N "C�>"l�E�� .

190. Qnxn eyLvix nv/5143 I 6064, 2/89; Qnxn gymwjg nv/6536, 2/316; wgkKvZ

nv/5028, c„t 427| 191. Avngv` nv/15199, 3q LÊ 4_© Ask, c„t 588; evqnvK¡x, ïÔAveyj Cgvb, mb`

nvmvb, Avjevbx, wgkKvZ nv/177 I 194, c„t 30 I 32, UxKv bs 2; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/168, 1/129, ÔwKZve I mybœvn‡K AuvK‡o aivÕ Aby‡”Q`|

192. Avãyj Iqvnnve kvÔivYx, gxhvbyj Kzeiv (w`j−xt 1286 wnt), 1g LÊ, c„t 30|


ÔZzwg †R‡b ivL, H e¨w³ wbivc` bq, †h e¨w³ hv ï‡b ZvB cÖPvi K‡i| Avi †h e¨w³ ïbv K_v (hvPvB QvovB) cÖPvi K‡i †m Bgvg nIqvi †hvM¨ bqÕ|193

(3) Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204 wnt) e‡jb,

�*�8 �� C,�+ ��N �C�>��Hr�E ��*��,�T�� Z�� :�*�I� �� ,�P� ��x�.�� =�*�H��:��N� ��E�:��@�E��9 �?�H�9 �� J��9 �<�E9�2 ,�� "��z��E� �M� �:�E,�� :��E Z3�@�O ��N �p�E�� >"�

�_�Hr�� r�H �(��,�x�E �p�E��. ÔBeby mxixb, Beivnxg bvLC, Z¡vDm Ges Ab¨vb¨ mKj Zv‡eC GB g‡g© bxwZ Aej¤b K‡iwQ‡jb †h, kw³kvjx ¯§„wZm¤úbœ e¨w³- whwb ey‡S eY©bv K‡ib Ges ¯§„wZ‡Z msi¶Y K‡ib Zvi †_‡K Qvov Zviv Ab¨ Kv‡iv nv`xQ MÖnY Ki‡eb bv| wZwb e‡jb, gynvwÏQM‡Yi g‡a¨ KvD‡K Avwg GB bxwZi we‡ivwaZv Ki‡Z †`wLwbÕ|194

(4) Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤j (164-241wnt) e‡jb,

�p�E��)�� )�� ©�>�!)�.�� 8,�.�� =�*�@�!�� S�*��$�� :��E �=�� h�N �=��,�� C�N,J��,�� !�E��. � �

ÔwbðqB †h Av‡jg nv`x‡Qi Qnxn-hCd I bvwmL-gvbm~L ey‡Sb bv Zv‡K Av‡jg ejv hv‡e bvÕ| Bgvg BmnvK¡ Beby ivIqvnvI GKB K_v e‡j‡Qb |195

AZGe Bgvg †nvb Avi dK¡xn †nvb ev Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³ †nvb kixÔAvZ m¤ú‡K© hvi e³e¨B †ck Kiv n‡e Zvi c‡¶ kviC `jxj _vK‡Z n‡e Ges †mB `jxj Qnxn n‡Z n‡e| Rvj, hCd I wfwËnxb n‡j Zv MÖnY‡hvM¨ n‡e bv| Ab¨_v Bgvg I dK¡xn‡ì Dci wg_¨v Acev` †Ìqv n‡e|

mZK©evYx:

193. Qnxn gymwjg, gyK¡vÏvgvn `ªt, 1/12 c„t, Ôhv ïb‡e ZvB cÖPvi Kiv wbwl×Õ Aby‡”Q`-3| 194. Avm-mybœvn K¡vejvZ Zvèxb, c„t 237| 195. Avjevbx, Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj gvÔAvwid,

2000/1421), 1/39, f~wgKv `ªt; Avey Avãyj−vn Avj-nvwKg, gvÔ‡idvZz Dj~wgj nv`xQ, c„t 60|

Pvi Bgv‡gi „wó‡Z Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v


D³ g~jbxwZ D‡c¶v Kiv nÕ‡j Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji Dci †hgb wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv n‡e, †Zgwb †Kvb Bgvg, dK¡xn, gynvwÏ‡Qi bv‡g `jxj wenxb K_v ej‡jI Zvi Dci wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv n‡e| Beby `vK¡xKyj C` ZvB cwi®‹vi e‡j w`‡q‡Qb,

�a,)�-�@"z�� _�y�E ��9� f��:�� E��-�T�y�� 3��5�7�� N �?�5,�!�� r�H �3��!�� C�N�=�-�� E��@��E ,��m�� ,�-�T�A�:�� =�-�*�� >��Kr�l�*�A �=�-�*��N ,�H� �F.

ÔGB mg — gvmAvjv‡K gyRZvwn` BgvgM‡Yi w`‡K m‡¤vab Kiv nvivg| gyK¡vwj− dK¡xnM‡Yi Dci IqvwRe nÕj †m¸‡jv AbymÜvb Kiv, Zviv Ggwb‡ZB †hb Zuv‡ì w`‡K Zv Qz‡o bv gv‡ib| Ab¨_v Zv‡ì Dci wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv n‡eÕ|196 kvn BmgvCj knx` (1779-1831 L„t) m~iv ZIevi 31 bs Avqv‡Zi e¨vL¨vq Av`x Beby nv‡Zg (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K e‡jb,

� ��>�@�� i�!��T�E "p�*�� Z�V*�� Zu�x�\ ��,��VQ�� C�9 ��r�H �� =��A �)�� <)��O C�N ��N "6V �7�E � �U,�T�l�� 3�.!�� b?�5��e ��A� �] fU�>�\ ��>�W �� 3�*��:�$�.�� ª�

�g�:V4�� . ÔGi Øviv eySv †Mj †h, Aek¨B wbw`©ó e¨w³i AbymiY Kiv, †hgb- Zvi K_v Ggbfv‡e AvuK‡o aiv, hwÌ Zv KziAvb-mybœvni `jxj mg~‡ni we‡ivax mve¨ — nq Ges KziAvb mybœvn‡K Zvi c‡¶ e¨vL¨v Kiv nq, Zvn‡j eyS‡Z n‡e Zvi g‡a¨ Lªxóvbx ¯fve wgwkªZ Av‡Q Ges wki‡Ki Ask i‡q‡QÕ|197 AZGe kviC wel‡q Bgvg‡ì bv‡g †Kvb e³e¨ cvIqv gvÎB cÖPvi Kiv gnv Ab¨vq| hZ¶Y bv Zvi c‡¶ Qnxn `jxj cvIqv hv‡e| GRb¨ Bgvg wZiwghxi D³ e³‡e¨ †Kvb mvš—¡bv †bB| wZwb ÔKw_ZÕ kã Øviv D‡j−L K‡i wb‡R gy³ n‡q‡Qb| G¶‡Y †KD hw` D³ K_v‡K `jxj wnmv‡e †ck Ki‡Z Pvq Zvn‡j †m †hb Zvi c‡¶ Qnxn `jxj †ck K‡i| wKš‘ 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i `jxj †Kv_vq!!

196. Qv‡jn Avj-dzj−vbx, BK¡vhyj wngvg (êi“Z: 1978), c„t 99| 197. kvn BmgvCj knx`, Zvbfxi“j AvBbvBb dx BQevwZ ivdÔCj Bqv`v‡qb (gxivU:

gyRZvevqx †cÖm, 1279 wnt/1863 L„t), c„t 45|


c Â g A a¨ v qc Â g A a¨ v qc Â g A a¨ v qc Â g A a¨ v q

w e w f b œ c ÖZ v i Yv Iw e w f b œ c ÖZ v i Yv Iw e w f b œ c ÖZ v i Yv Iw e w f b œ c ÖZ v i Yv I A c ‡ KŠ kjA c ‡ KŠ kjA c ‡ KŠ kjA c ‡ KŠ kj


wewfbœ cÖZviYv I Ac‡KŠkj

(1) 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv `vex; wbw®Œq cÖeÂbvi be ms¯‹iY: cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i Dci BRgv n‡q‡Q| d‡j Gi Dci gymwjg D¤§vn&i Avgj ’vqx n‡q‡Q| Beby Kz vgv (541-620 wnt) Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv D‡j−L K‡i e‡j‡Qb, ��r)�H� ��,)��Y�|�,�+ ÔGUv †hb BRgvi b¨vqÕ|198 AZtci D³ e³e¨ bKj K‡i‡Qb ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv eì“Ïxb Avqbx nvbvdx (g„t 855 wnt)|199 A_P D³ e³e¨ Øviv KL‡bv BRgv cÖgvwYZ nq bv| Gw`‡K ÔwgiK¡vZÕ cÖ‡YZv †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix nvbvdx (g„t 1014 wnt) nvhvi eQi ci AZ¨š— †Rvi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, Ô20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn&i Dci QvnvexMY BRgv K‡i‡QbÕ|200 ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ `vex m¤ú~Y© ev‡bvqvU I wfwËnxb| †hLv‡b Qvnvex‡ì hy‡M 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Aw —Z¡B wQj bv †mLv‡b BRgv nj wKfv‡e! nvhvi eQi ci G `vexi KviY nj, hLb welqwU my úó n‡q †M‡Q hvq †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) wb‡R 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡o‡Qb Ges Igi (ivt) 8 ivKÔAvZ covi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb, ZLb 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn wejyß cÖvq| Ggwb GK mwÜ¶‡Y BRgvi `vex †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| GB D™¢U K_vwU mgv‡R Ggbfv‡e Qov‡bv n‡q‡Q †hb Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K bZzbfv‡e ÔAwnÕ Kiv n‡q‡Q| A_P Zv Pig åvwš—c~Y©| †hgb- (K) gvhnve wfwËK iwPZ wdK¡‡ni MÖš’ mg~‡n ejv n‡q‡Q †h, Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wnt) gmwR‡` beex‡Z 36 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn co‡Zb| (hwÌ K_vwU mwVK bq)| we‡kl K‡i †gvj−v Avjx K¡vix I Avj−vgv Avqbx (int) wewfbœ ai‡bi msL¨v D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Dg`vZzj K¡vix cÖ‡YZv 41, 39, 47, 36, 34, 28, 24, 20 I 11 wewfbœ ivKÔAv‡Zi Avgj wQj e‡j D‡j−L

198. Avey gynv¤§v` Avãyj−vn Beby Avngv` Beby Kz vgv, Avj-gyMbx Iqv Avk-kviûj Kvexi

(êi“Z: `vi“j wdKi, 1992/1412), 1g LÊ, c„t 853| 199. Dg`vZzj K¡vix, 7g LÊ, c„t 204| 200. L3)��+�2 ��E�:�4�� S�E� ��:�T�� C�9 "3��,��$�� Y�9 -†gvj−v Avjx K¡vix, wgiK¡vZzj gvdvZxn

ki‡n wgkKvZzj gvQvexn (XvKv: ikxw`qvn jvB‡eªix, Zvwe), 3q LÊ, c„t 194, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎ RvMiYÕ Aby‡”Q`|


K‡i‡Qb|201 ZvnÕ†j Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq g`xbv‡Z 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv n‡q‡Q K_vwU wKfv‡e mwVK n‡Z cv‡i? GUv wK weåvwš—Ki bq? G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nj †h, Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡M BRgv nIqvi `vex m¤ú~Y© D™¢U I KvíwbK| (L) Qnxn nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q †h, Igi (ivt) 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn covi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb| Zuvi †Ljvd‡Zi mg‡qI RbMY 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn co‡Zb| †mUvI Qnxn nv`xQ Øviv cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †gvU K_v Zuvi mg‡q 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Aw —Z¡B wQj bv| Zvn‡j 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv nÕj KLb? GQvovI Bgvg gv‡jK (93-179 wnt)-Gi wbR¯ e³‡eÏ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, hv Avgiv Z…Zxq Aa¨v‡q D‡j−L K‡iwQ| wZwb g`xbv‡Z Rb¥ MÖnY K‡i‡Qb, †mLv‡bB wk¶v jvf K‡i‡Qb Ges gmwR‡` beex‡ZB AvRxeb nv`x‡Qi ìm cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| wZwb 179 wnRix‡Z g„Zz eiY K‡i‡Qb|202 myZivs Zuvi g„Zz ch©š— g`xbv‡Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi AwZwi³ ivKÔAvZ msL¨v Pvjy nqwb e‡jB cÖZxqgvb nq| ZvB 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi Dci BRgv nIqvi welqwU m¤ú~Y©B wfwËnxb| (M) gynvwÏQM‡Yi gš—‡e¨ cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bv¸‡jvi Qnxn †Kvb wfwË †bB| eis meB Rvj, hCd I wfwËnxb| myZivs Rvj I `ye©j m~‡Îi Dci wfwË K‡i hw` †Kvb wel‡q BRgv Kiv nq, Zvn‡j †mUvI n‡e Rvj I `ye©j| †hgbwU kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,

��E,��"��>�� *�� 7�� .�� 1 ��*Z(� �� ,��.�� 1 ��*Z(�A �-�>�1 ��*f(. ÔGB BRgvi cÖwZ KL‡bv wek¦vmfvRb nIqv hv‡e bv, KviY Zv `ye©j wfwËi Dci cÖwZwôZ| Avi `ye©j wfwËi Dci hv M‡o D‡V †mUvI `ye©j nqÕ|203 kvqL Ave`yi ingvb gyeviKcyix (int) Ø¨_©nxb K‡É e‡jb,

�e��>�� M�|�Y��,�� 4�:�E��2 +��L3� �8��T@�:�2�� 7��:�� h ��i�A �� 7��$�2,�� P,��b3�Y ��. Ôwek ivKÔAv‡Zi cÖwZ BRgv n‡q‡Q Ges me©Î Zv ’vqx n‡q‡Q GB `vex Pig wg_¨vPviÕ|204

201. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 7g LÊ, c„t 204-5; ZzndvZyj AvnIqvhx 3q LÊ, c„t 439| 202. W. gynv¤§v` Kv‡gj ûmvBb, Bgvg gv‡jK I gyIqvË¡v wKZve, `ªt gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK (êi“Z: `vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, Zvwe), f~wgKv|

203. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 72| 204. ZzndvZzj AvnIqvhx, 3q LÊ, c„: 447|


`yf©vM¨, Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K †cÖwiZ gnv cweÎ I Aåvš— kixÔAvZ‡K wbwðý K‡i wb‡R‡ì iwPZ Avgj mg~n‡K cÖwZôv Kivi Rb¨ BRgvi `vex †Zvjv n‡”Q hÎZÎ | we‡kl K‡i Igi (ivt)-Gi bv‡g A‡bK wel‡q BRgvi `vex †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| †hgb C` I Rvbvhvi ZvKex‡ii e¨vcv‡i `vex †Zvjv n‡q‡Q| ZvB wek¦weL¨vZ gbxlx, †jLbx RM‡Zi GK D¾¡j †R¨vwZ®‹ wec−ex ms¯‹viK beve wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx (1248-1307 wnt/1832-1890 L„t) D³ bxwZi cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb,

�� r�H��_ �9 �H�? �� = �E "t� �9 �C �� Q� ,�z�s �� *�� 9 �H"? �� r�HZ_ �9 � �9 �H"? "W )��:�� )�H �> �N�Y��f�,� �H�r�� z�!��b#�� t�*��b3.

Ôgvhnvecš’x Av‡jgM‡Yi aviYv nÕj, gvhnv‡ei AbymvixMY A_ev †Kvb wbw`©ó AÂ‡ji Awaevmxiv †Kvb wel‡q GKgZ †cvlY Ki‡jB Zv BRgv n‡q hv‡e| A_P GUv GK gnvwec`vZ¥K weåvwš—Õ|205 (N) me‡P‡q eo welq nÕj, Qvnvex‡ì ci BRgvi `vex †Zvjvi AwaKvi Kv‡iv †bB| KviY Zuv‡ì ci BRgvi ìRv eÜ n‡q †M‡Q| Avi BRwZnv‡ì ìRv wK¡qvgZ ch©š— †Lvjv Av‡Q| ZvB Bgvg Avngv` (int) e‡jb, �e� ��)�� )��

�|�� fU�h,)�+ �>�-�A ��,��Y Ô†h e¨w³ BRgvi `vex K‡i †m wg_¨vev`xÕ|206 AZGe BRgvi `vex †hB Ki“K Zv wg_¨v I evwZj e‡j MY¨ n‡e| (2) †Luvov hyw³i AeZviYv; m~h©wKiY †iv‡a †RvbvwKi Avùvjb (K) ejv n‡q _v‡K †h, Zvivexn Ges Zvnv¾y `yÕwU c„_K QvjvZ; iv‡Zi cÖ_gvs‡k 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Avi †klvs‡k 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvnv¾y co‡Z nq| ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ wfwËnxb K_vwU mgv‡R LyeB cÖPwjZ Av‡Q| GK‡kªYxi Av‡jg Gi c‡¶ LyeB cÖPviYv Pvjvb| eZ©gvb mg‡q Zviv GB Ace¨vL¨v‡KB †gv¶g nvwZqvi g‡b Ki‡Qb| Zv‡ì Ab¨Zg n‡jb Qnxn eyLvixi evsjv Abyev`K kvqLyj nv`xQ gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK| wZwb gv Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi

205. wQÏxK¡ nvmvb Lvb f~cvjx, Avm-wmivRyj IqvnnvR wgb Kvk‡d gvZvwje Qnxn gymwjg web nv¾vn 1/3 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 72-73|

206. BÔjvgyj gyIqv‡°Cb 2q LÊ, c„t 175|



nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq `yÕwU c„_K QvjvZ e‡j `vex K‡i‡Qb|207 A_P Zv bqv wg_¨vi Avwef©ve| KviY mg~n wbgœiƒc: cÖ_gZ: cÖkœKvix Av‡qkv (ivt)-†K ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎi QvjvZ †Kgb wQj †m wel‡qB wR‡Ám K‡iwQ‡jb| Avi ZviB DË‡i Av‡qkv (ivt) 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi K_v e‡jb| D³ D™¢U `vex‡K P~Y© K‡i‡Qb cÖL¨vZ nvbvdx weØvb Avj−vgv AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix (int)| wZwb gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`xQwU D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb,

��*�AfS�E�:�$�Q "6,�� 9 �C,�D��2 �?�5,�!�� C|�A �� 6�7�8 �6,�� C,�D��2 ��:�*�I� .� ÔG‡Z cwi®‹vi e¨vL¨v i‡q‡Q †h, GUv ivgvhv‡biB Ae ’v| KviY cÖkœKvix ivgvhvbmn Ab¨vb¨ Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© cÖkœ K‡iwQ‡jbÕ|208 wØZxqZ: Ab¨ nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Z…Zxq w`b 27-Gi iv‡Î mvnvixi mgq ch©š— Zvivexni QvjvZ `xN© K‡iwQ‡jb, hv‡Z Qvnvev‡q †Kivg mvnvix LvIqv Qz‡U hvIqvi Avk¼v KiwQ‡jb| †hgb nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q, �] ��T�� ,�.�� ,�@�AG��z�� ,�.�Q�>"z�Q C�9 ,�.�*�4�v, ÔAvgv‡`i wb‡q wZwb GZ `xN© mgq a‡i QvjvZ co‡jb hv‡Z Avgiv mvnvix LvIqv Qz‡U hvIqvi Avk¼v KiwQjvgÕ|209 Abyiƒc Qvnvex‡`i hy‡MI Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y GKB QvjvZ e‡j MY¨ nZ| KviY Igi (ivt) †h nv`x‡Q 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn covi wb‡`©k w`‡q‡Qb H nv`x‡Qi †klvs‡k ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔwK¡ivAvZ j¤^v nIqvi Kvi‡Y (cwikªvš— n‡q) Avgiv jvwVi Dci fi w`Zvg Ges dR‡ii Qvjv‡Zi mgq nIqvi Dcµg nÕ†j QvjvZ †kl K‡i P‡j AvmZvgÕ|210 myax cvVK! Zvn‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) I Qvnvev‡q †Kivg H ivwÎ¸‡jv‡Z Zvnv¾y QvjvZ KLb co‡Zb? ZvQvov Ab¨ Av‡iKwU nv`x‡Q ewY©Z n‡q‡Q, gv Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb,

207. H, e½vbyev` †evLvix kixd (XvKv: nvwgw`qv jvB‡eªix, GwcÖj, 2002), 1g LÊ, c„t

305, nv/608-Gi e¨vL¨v `ªt| 208. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166| 209. Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1375, 1/195; Qnxn wZiwghx nv/806, 1/166; bvmvC, Beby gvRvn,

mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/1298, c„t 114; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 149, nv/1224, Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`|

210. �� ,�."+"P �� ,�$�� T�� :)�y�z�� :"A ��A ,��N ��:�$�.�� ,�."+ ,��A ��,�*�@�� 6�> -Qnxn Beby Lyhvqgvn 4/186 c„t; gyIqvË¡v gv‡jK 1/115 c„t Ôivgvhvb gv‡m ivwÎi QvjvZÕ Aby‡”Q`; mb` Qnxn, wgkKvZ nv/1302, c„t 115; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 152, nv/1228|


�)��N �a,�4�� #,��; �� «�:z�E C�9 ��*�� ,�� K��$�E �=��8� ��*�� /0� ��; ��.�� C,�+L3��+�2 �#�:�4�� M��N �:�y�z��.

Ôbex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gkvi QvjvZ †kl Kivi ci nÕ‡Z dRi ch©š— gvÎ 11 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡ZbÕ|211 D³ nv`xQ †_‡K Av‡iv ¯úó nÕj †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Gkvi QvjvZ †_‡K dRi ch©š— 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi †ekx QvjvZ KL‡bv co‡Zb bv| Z…ZxqZ: Igi (ivt)-Gi Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ cybivq Pvjy Kiv msµvš— Qnxn eyLvix‡Z †h nv`xQ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Zv‡Z GKB Qvjv‡Zi K_v cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †hgb Igi (ivt) e‡jb,

��T�� >��,�.�E�C ,�-�.�� "?�DA�9 �� T�� >"@�E�>��C �E�:�E�� :�]j �?)�*�� C,)�+� ��,)�.�� >"@�E�>��C �� 9.

ÔZ‡e Zviv hv co‡Q Zvi †P‡q DËg †mUvB hvi Rb¨ Zviv NygvZ A_©vr †kl iv‡Îi QvjvZ| Z‡e †jv‡Kiv cÖ_gvs‡kB coZÕ| 212 PZz_©Z: nvbvdx gvhnv‡ei c~e©eZ©x Av‡jgMY †KDB D³ Ace¨vL¨v K‡ibwb| eis Zviv mK‡jB Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y ‡K GKB QvjvZ MY¨ K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi eY©bvwU‡K Zuviv cÖ‡Z¨‡KB gv Av‡qkvi nv`xQwUi we‡ivax e‡j D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| †hgb †n`vqvi fvl¨Kvi Avj−vgv Bebyj ûgvg, Avj−vgv hvqjvC, e`i“Ïxb Avqbx, Avãyj nvB jv‡¶èŠfx cÖgyL| hv Avgiv wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi cÖ_g w`‡KB D‡j−L K‡iwQ| kxl© ’vbxq e¨w³‡`i g‡a¨ Avj−vgv AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx (int) AZ¨š— cwi®‹vi fvlvq e‡jb,

� ��= �E ��< �A �� 2 � �E�Z3 V� �� V:�� E��[, �9 �� *�� !�� , �; �� T�� :� ��E�S � �T��-y�� Z# �A �� 2 ��D�C, �� ? �P �>�6 �T�� :� ��E�S � ��*�� T�� :� ��E�S � �T��-y�� A �� )�-�� )�*�� !��, �� = �E "l�� A �:f� �A �:�� +��[, �� ? �A �� >W�< � V$��z�3 �N "C�>)"l�Q �S�E� ��:�T�� C

��A "C�>"l�E �S�E� ��:�T�� A �� :4�� C�9� ��y�-�T�� ,��x�� y�!�� A �3��,��y�,��

211. Qnxn gymwjg nv/1718, 1/254; Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1336, 1/188-89; Qnxn Beby

gvRvn nv/1358, c„t 96, ÔivwÎi QvjvZ KZ ivKÔAvZÕ Aby‡”Q`| 212. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2010; wgkKvZ nv/1301, c„t 115; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/1227, 3q

LÊ, c„t 151-52|



��y�-�T�� A �?�**�� 6� �9 �?�*�� :�]j ��A . ÔeY©bv mg~‡ni ga¨ nÕ‡Z †Kvb GKwU eY©bv ØvivI cÖgvwYZ nqwb †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhvb gv‡m Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y c„_K c„_K K‡i co‡Zb| eis Zvivexni QvjvZ `xN© Ki‡Zb| Avi Zuvi hy‡M Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y‡ì ivKÔAvZMZ †Kvb cv_©K¨ wQj bv, eis cv_©K¨ wQj mg‡q Ges êwk‡ó¨| A_©vr Zvivexn n‡e gmwR‡` RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_| wKš‘ Zvnv¾y gmwR‡` bq| Zvivexn Avi¤¢ n‡e ivwÎi cÖ_gfv‡M Avi Zvnv¾y Avi¤¢ n‡e ivwÎi †klfv‡MÕ|213 Ab¨Î wZwb e‡jb,

�Q��i �; ��b#, � ��b# �N �h �Q ��@��< �8 V��*�< �� ,�8�= �T�� :� ��E�S �N �h �Q ��7�]�:�[ �8 V��*�< �� ,�8�= �T��-y��.

ÔGUv GKB QvjvZ; hLb iv‡Zi cÖ_gvs‡k cov n‡e ZLb Zvi bvg n‡e Zvivexn| Avi hLb †klvs‡k cov n‡e ZLb Zvi bvg n‡e Zvnv¾y Õ|214 AZGe Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y †h GKB QvjvZ †m wel‡q kxl© ’vbxq nvbvdx weØvbMY mevB GKgZ| ïay Avgv‡ì †`‡ki KwZcq Av‡jg GB weåvwš—Ki `vex Zz‡j‡Qb| Avj−vgv Ievq`yj−vn gyeviKcyix (in:) e‡jb, Zvivexn, wK¡qv‡g ivgvhvb, QvjvZzj jvBj, Zvnv¾y me GKB welq Ges GKB Qvjv‡Zi bvg|

�� =�� 7�E �=��)�8� ��)�*�� /0� ��; ��.�� C�9 Z3�z�*��1 ,�� Z3��*��; Z3�E�� 2 �� <�� ,�*�� A ��;�C,�D��2 ��N ��*�Q,��; � "7�� S�E� ��:�T�� ,��H ��y�-�T�� M�:�] ��)y�-�T�,�A

� �>�H �C,�D��2 �:�*�I ��A�C,�D��2 ��A �S�E� ��:�T�. ÔKviY Qnxn wKsev hCd †Kvb eY©bvi gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ nqwb †h, ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎmg~‡n `yB ai‡bi QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i‡Qb, hvi GKwU Zvivexn Ab¨wU Zvnv¾y | myZivs ivgvhvb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ gv‡m †hwU Zvnv¾y , ivgvhvb gv‡m †mwUB ZvivexnÕ|215 (L) Ôc~‡e© AvU ivKÔAvZB cov nÕZ, wKš‘ c‡i wek ivKÔAvZ cov n‡q‡QÕ| Av‡iv ejv nq, Ô8 ivKÔAvZ ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mybœvZ| Avi 20 ivKÔAvZ Lyjvdv‡q iv‡k`x‡bi mybœvZ| we‡kl K‡i Igi (ivt)-Gi

213. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166; dvqhyj evix 2q LÊ, c„t 420| 214. dvqhyj evix 2q LÊ, c„t 420| 215. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn, 4_© LÊ, c„t 311, nv/1303-Gi Av‡jvPbv `ªt|


PvjyK…Z mybœvZÕ| ZvB gymwjg D¤§vn GwU ’vqxfv‡e MÖnY K‡i‡Q| KviY Pvi Ljxdvi mybœv‡Zi AbymiY KiviI wb‡`©k nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q| †n`vqvi fvl¨Kvi Bebyj ûgvg, Aveyj Avjv gI`y x, wgkKv‡Zi evsjv Abyev`K gvIjvbv b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvÔRgx (1900-1972 L„t) cÖgyL e¨w³ GB `vex K‡i‡Qb| GgbwK AvbIqvi kvn Kvk¥xix hLb Dcjwä K‡i‡Qb †h, 20 ivKÔAvZ‡K †Kvbfv‡e cÖgvY Kiv hv‡”Q bv ZLb wZwbI mgvavb Uvb‡Z wM‡q e‡j‡Qb,

�� .�� /0� ��1�2 �:�� C�>"l�E C�9 ��l��E ��9 �M��. ��E�:�4)�� )��N �J:�4)�� ?�@�� Ga��:�@�� (�*�z�x�T��D�Q� �#+�:�� (�*�[,��.

ÔAvgvi gZ nÕj, m¤¢eZ Igi (ivt) wK¡ivAvZ‡K nvjKv K‡i ivKÔAvZ‡K e„w× Kivi Rb¨ 10 †_‡K 20 ch©š— wb‡q †M‡QbÕ|216 b~i gynv¤§v` AvRgx wj‡L‡Qb, ÔBnv‡Z eySv hvq †h, ûh~i (Qvt) cÖ_g w`‡K AvU ivKAvZ cwo‡jI †k‡li w`‡K wek ivKÔAvZB cwoqv‡QbÕ|217 ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖ_gZ: D³ `vex KvíwbK I ev‡bvqvU| GUv mvaviY RbZv‡K duvwK †Ìqvi †Luvov †KŠkj gvÎ| mwVK welq Gwo‡q hvIqvi Rb¨ K‚U-†KŠkj Kiv AgvR©bxq Ab¨vq| kixÔAvZ‡K mycÖwZwôZ Kivi gnvb ¯v‡_© †KŠkj Kvg¨, weK…wZi ¯v‡_© bq| KviY ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) ¯xq RxeÏkvq KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡obwb| Zuvi bv‡g †h eY©bvwU cÖPwjZ Av‡Q Zv Rvj ev wg_¨v| myZivs ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) KL‡bv 20 ivKÔAvZ c‡o‡Qb Ggb K_v ej‡j Zuvi Dci wg_¨v †ZvngZ †Ìqv n‡e| Abyiƒc Igi (ivt) ev Pvi Ljxdvi †KDB 20 ivKÔAvZ Pvjy K‡ibwb Ges Zuv‡ì †LjvdZKv‡jI 20 ivKÔAvZ Pvjy wQj bv| G g‡g© hv Kw_Z Av‡Q Zv hCd, Î“wUc~Y© I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi we‡ivax| eis Igi (ivt) 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb e‡j AZ¨š— weï× mb‡` cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| hv cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv Kiv n‡q‡Q| AZGe ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg), gnvb Pvi Ljxdv I Qvnvex‡ì Dci GB Acev` Pvcv‡bv Mwn©Z Ab¨vq| wØZxqZ: Avj−vgv Kvk¥xix (int)-Gi †kl e³‡e¨ eySv hvq †h, wK¡ivAvZ †QvU K‡i ivKÔAvZ‡K e„w× Kivi Rb¨ Igi (ivt) wb‡RB 10 †_‡K 20 ivKÔAvZ ch©š— e„w× K‡i‡Qb| D³ `vexi c‡¶ `jxj †Kv_vq? GB `vexi c‡¶ †Zv †Kvb

216. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166| 217. H, e½vbyev` wgkKvZ kixd (XvKv: Gg`vw`qv jvB‡eªix, †g 1997), 3q LÊ, 147,

ÔZvivexi bvgvhÕ Aby‡”Q`-Gi f~wgKv|


wg_¨v I fyqv `jxjI †bB| Avi Bev`Z Kg‡ekx Kivi AwaKvi Igi (ivt)-Gi Av‡Q wK? hw` ZvB nq Zvn‡j Igi (ivt) wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi Qnxn nv`xQwU †Kv_vq ivL‡eb? hw` Igi (ivt) K‡i _v‡Kb Zvn‡j ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi AbymiY Ki‡eb, bv Igi (ivt)-Gi AbymiY Ki‡eb? Avm‡j hyw³ w`‡q KL‡bv kixÔAvZ‡K `gv‡bv hvq bv| Z…ZxqZ: ejv n‡”Q- 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Pvi Ljxdvi mybœvZ| A_P Igi I Avjx (ivt)-Gi bv‡g `ye©j I Rvj eY©bv _vK‡jI AveyeKi I IQgvb (ivt)-Gi bv‡g †Kvb Rvj `jxjI †bB| Av‡bvqvi kvn Kvk¥xix nvbvdx D³ `vexi cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb, ��e,�.)�8�� y�� =�� C�� ,)�E�>�W ÔhwÌ Avgiv Zvi wbf©i‡hvM¨ mb` cvBwbÕ|218 Avj−vgv kvgmyj nK¡ Avhxgvev`x (int) Gi cÖwZev` K‡i e‡jb, ÔGUv cÖKvk¨ åvwš—| Gi cÖwZ åƒ‡¶c Kiv hv‡e bvÕ|219 ZvnÕ‡j Pvi Ljxdvi mybœvZ ejv n‡”Q wK‡mi wfwË‡Z? GUv wK cÖZviYv bq? GKw`‡K Gi c‡¶ †Kvb Qnxn eY©bv †bB, Zvi Dci Avevi Pvi Ljxdv‡K m¤ú„³ Kiv n‡q‡Q| wbtm‡›`‡n kixÔAv‡Zi Dci GUv fqven `yb©xwZ| KviY ivm~‡ji Abymi‡Yi cÖZxK wnmv‡e Pvi Ljxdvmn Qvnvev‡q †Kivg cÖ‡Z¨‡KB 11 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn c‡o‡Qb, hv Qnxn `jx‡ji gva¨‡g cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q|220 (3) Abyev` I UxKv-wUàbx; kixÔAvZ weK…wZi bZzb GK cš’v: †h mg — e¨w³ ZvK¡jx`x a~gªRv‡j wPi Ave×, gvbecÖYxZ wdK¡nx I DQ~jx Auvav‡i wbgw¾Z Zviv KL‡bv gy³ wPš—vi AeKvk cvb bv| KviY Zv‡ì wePiY ïay wb‡R‡ì njy †PŠnwÏi g‡a¨| ZvB gvbeiwPZ weav‡bi wei“‡× cÖwZev`x KÉ¯i, wek¦weL¨vZ e¨w³Z¡ kvn AwjDj−vn gynvwÏQ †`njfx GB cÖK…wZi Av‡jg‡ì D‡Ï‡k¨ wa°vi w`‡q e‡j‡Qb, ÔG‡ì mg — Bj‡gi c~uwR †n`vqvn, ki‡n †eK¡vqvn cÖf„wZi g‡a¨ mxgve×| Giv Avmj e ‘ wKfv‡e eyS‡eÕ?221 D³ ZvwË¡K msKxY©Zvi Kvi‡Y A‡bK Av‡jg wb‡R‡ì †jLbx‡Z kixÔAv‡Zi weK…wZ NwU‡q‡Qb| KziAvb-nv`x‡Qi Abyev‡` KviPzwc K‡i‡Qb| Abyev‡` e¨_© n‡j UxKv I e¨vL¨vq KvUQuvU K‡i‡Qb| †mUv hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi gva¨‡g †nŠK, ev Bgvg, Av‡jg, cxi-eyhy‡M©i e³‡eï gva¨‡g †nŠK A_ev wbR¯ †Kvb Vyb‡Kv

218. Avj-Avidzk kvhx ki‡n wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 101, 30 jvBb)| 219. �*�N <zT�E� ¬� d��A -AvIbyj gvÔe~ 4_© LÊ, c„t 175| 220. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„: 75| 221. e:)+ �.��>Q E�:8 g�2eN ,y+ �\,� 3E��H 3E,W v:\ C,4EN =�� E,�:8 �+ ��® -

†`Lyb: Avn‡jnv`xQ Av‡›`vjb, c„t 167 I 178, UxKv bs 37, M„nxZ: kvn AwjDj−vn, BhvjvZzj Lvdv (dvimx), c„t 84|


hyw³i gva¨‡g †nŠK| g~jZt UxKv-wUàbxi `yÕwU D‡Ïk¨| `y‡e©va¨ welq‡K †evaMg¨ Kivi Rb¨ we —…wZ AvKv‡i cÖKvk Kiv Ges g~j MÖ‡š’i †Kvb welq ms‡kvab A_ev cÖwZev` Kiv|222 `jxq gvqveÜb cwiZ¨vM Ki‡Z bv †c‡i KziAvb-mybœvni †¶‡Î A‡b‡K wØZxq c_ Aej¤b K‡i‡Qb| wb‡gœi D`vniY¸‡jv j¶Yxq: (GK) gvIjvbv AvwRRyj nK KZ©„K eyLvixi Abyev` cÖm½: gvIjvbv Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q ¯xq gvhnve we‡ivax mKj nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq wewfbœ hyw³ Ges Rvj I hCd eY©bv †ck K‡i Zvi cÖwZev` K‡i‡Qb| Gi gva¨‡g wZwb †h me©vwaK Qnxn MÖ‡š’i nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× Ae ’vb K‡i‡Qb Zv nqZ †egvjyg fy‡j †M‡Qb| G mg — †¶‡Î wZwb AvµgYvZ¥K I AZ¨š— Kzi“wPc~Y© fvlv cÖ‡qvM K‡i‡Qb| †hgb Zvivexni †¶‡Î K‡i‡Qb| wZwb Zvivexn msµvš— gv Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡gi nv`xQwUi Abyev‡` `vi“Yfv‡e KvUQuvU K‡i‡Qb| wZwb ÔZvivexi bvgvhÕ Aa¨vq iPbv K‡i µwgK b¤i Abymv‡i nv`xQwU eY©bv K‡ibwb| 1048 bs nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq wZwb Igi (ivt) m¤ú‡K© e‡j‡Qb, ÔwZwb im~jyj−vn (mt) KZ…©K ewY©Z Avk¼v `~ixf~Z nIqv `„‡ó Zvivexi Rb¨ Bgvg wbw`©ó Kwi‡jb, ivKvZ msL¨v 20 mve¨ — Kwi‡jb Ges Rvgv‡Zi e¨e ’v Kwi‡jb| GBiƒ‡c Zvivexi cÖwZ c~Y© ZrciZv cÖwZwôZ nBj Ges ZrKvjxb †mvbvjx hy‡M we`¨gvb nvRvi nvRvi Qvnvex I Avgxi“j-†gv‡gbxb Igi ivwhqvj−vû Zvqvjv Avbûi GB e¨e ’v me©vš—Ki‡Y MÖnY Kwi‡jb| QvnvexM‡Yi GRgvi Øviv GB welqwU mve¨ — nBqv †MjÕ|223 AZtci ÔZvivexi bvgv‡hi ivKvZ msL¨vÕ wk‡ivbv‡g Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q wZwb GK ’v‡b e‡jb, ÔZvivex 20 ivKvZ nIqvi c‡¶ mvZwU nv`xQ cÖgvYiƒ‡c we`¨gvb Av‡Q| GKwU nv`xQ ¯úóZt ¯qs im~jyj−vn Qvj−vj−vû AvjvB‡n Amvj−v‡gi Avgj I wµqviƒ‡c ewY©Z Av‡Q| Be‡b AveŸvm (ivt) eY©bv Kwiqv‡Qb, bex (mt) ighvb gv‡m 20 ivKvZ Zvivex Ges †e‡Zi cwo‡ZbÕ|224 Av‡jvPbvi †k‡l e‡j‡Qb, ÔZvnv¾y I Zvivex Dfq bvgvh‡K †h wei“×ev`xiv GKB bvgvh e‡j, Bnv Z wbZvš—B Aevš—iÕ|225

222. ew`Di ingvb, mvwnZ¨-msÁv Awfavb (XvKv: MwZaviv, †m‡Þ¤i 2001), c„t 93;

dinv` Lvb, evsjv k‡ãi Drm Awfavb (†deª“qvix 2000), c„t 51| 223. †evLvix kixd 2/194| 224. †evLvix kixd 2/195| 225. †evLvix kixd 2/197|



cÖ_g L‡Ê gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-KZ…©K ewY©Z 608 bs nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq wZwb e‡j‡Qb, Ôe ‘ZB GB nv`xQ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© mve¨ — b‡n| KviY, Bnv‡Z ighvb I ighvb Qvov Df‡qiB D‡j−L nBqv‡Q| A_©vr, AÎ nv`x‡Q GBiƒc bvgv‡hi eY©bv Kiv nBqv‡Q †h bvgvh ighvb QvovI cov nq| AZGe, GB nv`x‡Qi D‡Ïk¨ Zvivexi bvgvh nB‡Z cv‡i bv; Dnv ighvb e¨ZxZ cov nq bv| nuv, Zvnv¾y bvgvh Dfq mg‡q cov nq, myZivs BnvB GB nv`x‡Qi D‡Ïk¨ Ges BnviB msL¨v AvU ivKvZ ejv nBqv‡QÕ|226 ch©v‡jvPbv: cÖ_gZ: gvIjvbv Qv‡ne 20 ivKÔAvZ cÖwZôvi Rb¨ A‡bK Nvg Swi‡q‡Qb| wKš‘ wZwb †h Ae‡k‡l e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZvI Zvi †KŠk‡j dz‡U D‡V‡Q| KviY Zvivexn I Zvnv¾y ‡K c„_K K‡i wZwb †h nxbgb¨Zvi cwiPq w`‡q‡Qb Zv Avgiv c~‡e©B D‡j−L K‡iwQ| Bgvg eyLvix ÔZvivexn Qvjv‡Zi Aa¨vqÕ iPbv K‡i Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQwU D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| A_P wZwb Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q †m w`‡K åƒ‡¶c bv K‡i e¨vL¨v w`‡jb GUv Zvivexni QvjvZ bq| G‡KB e‡j Abyev` bq cÖwZev`| KviY wZwb Bgvg eyLvixmn Ab¨vb¨ mKj gynvwÏ‡Qi wei“‡× Ae ’vb K‡i‡Qb Ges m¤ú~Y© Dëv e¨vL¨v w`‡q‡Qb| wØZxqZ: wZwb †h 7wU eY©bvi `vex K‡i‡Qb Zv Rvj, hCd I gybKvi| hv Avgiv wØZxq Aa¨v‡q †ck K‡iwQ| GB eY©bv¸‡jv D‡j−L K‡i wZwb Qnxn eyLvix I gymwj‡g ewY©Z 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi me©vwaK Qnxn nv`xQwU‡K Kj‡gi A ¿vNv‡Z nZ¨v K‡i‡Qb| Rvj nv`xQ Øviv me©vwaK weï× nv`xQ‡K LÊb Kiv KZUzKz b¨vq m½Z n‡q‡Q Zv we‡ePbvi Rb¨ cvVK‡ì Dci †Q‡o w`jvg| Z…ZxqZ: wZwb Bgvg wZiwghxi D×„Z Kw_Z e³‡eï Av‡jv‡K KwZcq Bgv‡gi 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi gZ D‡j−L K‡i Qnxn nv`xQ‡K mg~‡j DrLvZ Ki‡Z †P‡q‡Qb|227 wZwb `„wówbeÜ Ki‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb †h, Bgvg wZiwghx Bgvg‡ì Avgj¸‡jv �M� �2 (Kw_Z) kã Øviv D×„Z K‡i‡Qb|228 GgbwK Bgvg kv‡dC (int)-Gi Dw³UzKzI Bgvg wZiwghx †hLvb †_‡K msMÖn K‡i‡Qb †mLv‡bI �2 � �M kãwUi D‡j−L i‡q‡QÕ|229 A_©vr Bgvg wZiwghx Gi gva¨‡g D³ e³e¨‡K `ye©j I wfwËnxb ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb| GUv gynvwÏQM‡Yi Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ| Bgvg wZiwghxi D³ e³e¨ m¤ú‡K© Avgiv PZz_© Aa¨v‡q we —vwiZ Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ|

226. †evLvix kixd 1/305| 227. H, †evLvix kixd 2q LÊ, c„t 193-197, nv/1047 Gi e¨vL¨v `ªt| 228. Rv‡gÕ wZiwghx 1g LÊ, c„t 166| 229. Avj-gyhvbx, Avj-gyLZvQvi 1g LÊ, c„t 107-Gi eiv‡Z QvjvZz Zvivexn, c„t 55|


PZz_©Z: gvIjvbv Qv‡ne eû ’v‡b kixÔAv‡Zi Giƒc weK…wZ NwU‡q‡Qb|230 Avj-KziAv‡bi c‡i me©vwaK weï× I me©‡kªô nv`xQMÖš’ Qnxn eyLvix| GUv wek¦ ¯xK…Z K_v| wZwbI Zv ¯xKvi K‡i‡Qb| wZwb f~wgKvq wj‡L‡Qb, ÔgnvMÖš’ †evLvix kixd wek¦evmxi Aš—‡i †h D”Pvmb jvf Kwiqv Av‡Q, Dnv Zvnvi ev —e gh© v`vi wKq`vsk gvÎÕ|231 AZtci gyLe‡Ü wj‡L‡Qb, ÔZuvnvi (Bgvg eyLvixi) GB MÖš’Lvbv me©vwaK D”PZi kxl© ’v‡bi AwaKvix nBqv‡Q| mgMÖ we‡k¦ cÖevìƒ‡c ¯xK…Z iwnqv‡Q- A_©vr Avj−vi wKZve- †KviAvb kix‡di c‡iB wek¦ —vq me©cÖ_g ’v‡bi AwaKvix Bgvg †evLvixi GB AwØZxq MÖš’ †evLvix kixd Ges GB Rb¨B Bgvg †evLvix ingZzj−v‡n AvjvB‡n nv`xQ kv‡ ¿ mgªvU DcvwaZ f~wlZ nBqv‡QbÕ|232 A_P ev —‡e †mB MÖ‡š’i nv`xQ‡K Abyev`, e¨vL¨v I UxKvi bv‡g KvUQuvU I weK…wZ K‡i eyLvixi bv‡g mgv‡R Qwo‡q †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| ZvB ¯xK…wZ †Ìqv Avi ev —‡e Avgj Kiv KL‡bvB GK bq| gvhnvex msKxY©Zv, AÜ †Muvovgx I Kw_Z Bgvgx gZev‡ì wei“‡× Qnxn eyLvix GK g~wZ©gvb P¨v‡jÄ| ZvB GB me©vwaK weï× MÖ‡š’i cÖwZ AwMœkg©v n‡q Abyev‡ì bv‡g Qnxn nv`x‡Qi weK…wZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| Aek¨ wZwb ÔQnxn eyLvixÕ bvg bv w`‡q m¤§v‡bi mv‡_ Ô†evLvix kixdÕ bvg w`‡q‡Qb!! (`yB) AvaywbK cÖKvkbx KZ…©K cÖKvwkZ Qnxn eyLvixi Abyev`: D³ cÖKvkbxI Abyev` Ges UxKvi gva¨‡g ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi eû nv`xQ‡K LÊ‡bi Ac‡Pó Pvwj‡q‡Q| Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`x‡Qi UxKvq 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi c‡¶ kVZvi Avkªq †bIqv n‡q‡Q| †mLv‡b wKQz AcÖgvwYZ K_v D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q| †hgb ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔAwaKvsk Ijvgv 20 ivKAv‡Zi gZ‡KB AMÖMY¨ e‡j‡Qb Ges G‡Z BRgv n‡q‡QÕ| GK jvBb c‡i ejv n‡q‡Q, ÔwKQzmsL¨K Av‡jg e‡j‡Qb, Zvivexn 8 ivKAvZ| Zv‡ì `jxj Av‡qkv (ivt) ewY©Z nv`xm| 20 ivKAv‡Zi gZ †cvlYKvixiv G nv`x‡mi A_© e‡jb †h, Av‡qkvi eY©bv Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© wQ‡jv bv, eis Zvnv¾y m¤ú‡K©Õ| AZtci †mB UxKvq Rvj I hCd eY©bv wgwkªZ gvIjvbv gI`~ x (1903-1979)-Gi e³e¨ D‡j−L Kiv n‡q‡Q|233

230. H, 1g LÊ, nv`xQ msL¨v 433-35, 408-441 BZ¨vwì e¨vL¨v †`L‡j ¯úó cÖgvY

†g‡j| 231. †evLvix kixd 1g LÊ, c„t 5, Ô¸Rv‡ikÕ `ªt| 232. †evLvix kixd 1g LÊ, c„t 21 ÔgyLeÜÕ ªt| 233. mnxn Avj-eyLvix, (XvKv: A‡±vei 1996), 2q LÊ, c„t 279-282, ÔwQqvgÕ Aa¨vq,

nv/1870-Gi UxKv|



ch©v‡jvPbv: Avgiv g‡b Kwi D³ †KŠk‡ji gva¨‡g Qnxn eyLvixi cÖwZ Pig a„óZv cÖ k©b Kiv n‡q‡Q| me©vwaK weï× MÖš’ e‡j ¯xKvi Ki‡jI ev —‡e Avg‡ji †¶‡Î Zvi wei“‡× Ae ’vb| gvby‡li gZvgZ Øviv Qnxn nv`xQ‡K LÊb Kivi gva¨‡g gymwjg RvwZi Kj¨vY e‡q Avb‡Z cv‡i bv| gvIjvbv gI`~ x (int)-Gi e³e¨ UxKvq ms‡hvRb K‡i Av‡qkv (ivt) KZ©„K ewY©Z Qnxn eyLvixi nv`xQwUi weK…wZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| KviY wZwbI Qnxn nv`xQ‡K MjvatKi‡Yi nxb gvbwmKZv †_‡K gy³ wQ‡jb bv| Zvivexn msµvš— Zuvi Av‡jvPbv †_‡KB ¯úó n‡q‡Q| Igi (ivt)-Gi hy‡Mi Kw_Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn m¤ú‡K© wZwb e‡j‡Qb, ÔAZ¨š— Qnxn mb`Õ| Ôm‡Z¨i Acjvc wg_¨vi RqÕ GB RvR¡j¨ ev —eZv Zvi e³‡e¨ dz‡U D‡V‡Q| wZwb Igi (ivt)-Gi 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi wb‡`©km~PK nv`xQwU Avov‡j †i‡L ej‡Z †P‡q‡Qb, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) AvU ivKÔAvZ co‡jI Igi (ivt) Ges Ab¨vb¨ QvnvexMY 20 ivKÔAvZB c‡o‡Qb| GB K_vi gva¨‡g wZwb ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi †P‡q Igi (ivt)-†KB m‡e©vËg Av`‡k©i cÖeZ©K wnmv‡e †`‡L‡Qb| †hb ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) kixÔAvZ‡K Am¤ú~Y© †i‡L wM‡qwQ‡jb Avi Igi (ivt) Zv m¤ú~Y© K‡i‡Qb (bvEhywej−vn)|234 D‡j−L¨, Qnxn eyLvixi †h mg — nv`xQ gvhnvex ¯v‡_©i Aš—ivq †mLv‡bB Gfv‡e UxKv-wUàbxi gva¨‡g nv`x‡Qi Dc‡i A ¿vNvZ Kiv n‡q‡Q|235 (wZb) wgkKv‡Zi Abyev` cÖm½: gvIjvbv b~i gynv¤§v` AvRgx Igi (ivt)-Gi wb‡`©wkZ 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨vq e‡j‡Qb, Ôm¤¢eZ nhiZ Igi (ivt) cÖ_‡g weZimn GMvi ivKÔAvZ coviB e¨e ’v KwiqvwQ‡jb| c‡i Zuvnvi Avg‡jB Zvivex wek ivKAvZ w ’i nq, A_ev ’vqxfv‡e 20 ivKvAvZB w ’i nq; wKš‘ KLbI AvU ivKAvZ cov nBZÕ|236 Gi c~‡e© wZwb ÔZvivexi bvgvh I k‡e eiv‡Zi dhxjZÕ wk‡ivbvg w`‡q 20 ivKAv‡Zi Rvj eY©bvwUi †NvlvgvRv K‡i‡Qb| †k‡l e‡j‡Qb, ÔBnv‡Z eySv hvq †h, ûh~i (Qvt) cÖ_g w`‡K AvU ivKÔAvZ cwo‡jI †k‡li w`‡K wek ivKÔAvZB cwoqvwQ‡jbÕ|237

234. mvB‡q` Aveyj Avjv gI`~ x, ivmv‡qj I gvmv‡qj, Abyt AvKivg dvi“K I Zvi

mnv‡hvMxe„›` (XvKv: mvB‡q` Aveyj Avjv gI`~ x wimvP© GKv‡Wgx, AvMó, 1995), 3q LÊ, c„t 282-86|

235. 1g LÊ, c„t 265, nv/544-Gi UxKv ÔQvjv‡Zi mgqÕ Aa¨vq; 1g LÊ, c„t 321-24, nv/695 Ges 330, nv/713 cÖf„wZ `ªt|

236. e½vbyev` †gkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 152, nv/1228-Gi e¨vL¨v| 237. e½vbyev` †gkKvZ 3q LÊ, c„t 147|


ch©v‡jvPbv: e¨vL¨vi my‡hv‡M wgkKv‡Zi Abyev‡` Gfv‡eB A‡bK nv`x‡Qi gh©v`v ¶zYœ Kiv n‡q‡Q| Qnxn nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ †gv‡UI kª×v †`Lv‡bv nqwb| P‡j‡Q Ace¨vL¨vi RqRqKvi|238 G‡Z GKRb cvVK Aek¨B weåvš— n‡eb| wZwb gvhnve‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡eb, bv ivm~‡ji nv`xQ‡K cÖvavb¨ w`‡eb? †jLK hLb wb‡RB w ’i wm×vš— w`‡Z e¨_© n‡q‡Qb ZLb cvVK †Kv_vq hv‡eb? wPš—vkxj cvVK Aek¨B Dcjwä Ki‡eb †h, e¨vL¨vi bv‡g nv`x‡Qi Dci wKfv‡e ¶ziKuvwP eënvi Kiv n‡q‡Q!! gvhnve †Kw›`ªK iwPZ cÖvq MÖ‡š’B G ai‡bi b¨°viRbK cš’v Aej¤b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Zv †h fvlv‡ZB iwPZ †nvK| Kz ~ix, †n`vqv, ki‡n †eK¡vqvn, `yi©yj gyLZvi, evni“i iv‡qK¡, DQ~jyk kvkx, b~i“j AvbIqvi cÖf„wZ wKZve G mg — Ace¨vL¨vi Rb¨ LyeB cÖwm×| nv`x‡Qi e¨vL¨v Ki‡Z wM‡q †hgb Ace¨vL¨vi c_ Aej¤b Kiv n‡q‡Q †Zgwb Avgv‡ì †`‡k evsjvq Abyev` Ki‡Z wM‡q GKB c_ Aej¤b Kiv n‡q‡Q| Ab¨vb¨ ag©xq eB-cy —‡KI GB KzcÖfve Kg bq| †mB mv‡_ gvwmK g`xbv, ingvbx cqMvg, Av`k© bvix, evBwqbvZ cÖf„wZ Bmjvgx cwÎKv¸‡jv kixÔAv‡Zi Ace¨vL¨vi wel cÖwZwbqZB Qov‡”Q|239 AZGe GB Ace¨vL¨v †_‡K mveavb! (4) Zvivexn kã wb‡q weåvwš—: `yB mvjvg ev Pvi ivKÔAvZ covi ci wekªvg †bIqv‡K ÔZvivexnÕ e‡j| D³ Zvivexn kãwU eûePb| myZivs Kgc‡¶ 12 ivKÔAvZ n‡j Zvivexn n‡e| ZvB ïay 8 ivKÔAvZ Qvjv‡Z Zvivexn cÖgvwYZ n‡e bv| AZGe ÔZvivexnÕ kãwU we‡k−lY Ki‡jI 20 ivKÔAvZB cÖgvwYZ nq| ch©v‡jvPbv: D³ hyw³ wPiš—b mZ¨‡K Gwo‡q hvIqvi e¨_© †KŠkj gvÎ| KviY Qnxn eyLvix‡Z ewY©Z gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi eY©bv‡ZB wZbwU êV‡Ki D‡j−L i‡q‡Q| ZvQvov kixÔAv‡Zi `yB‡KI eûePb MY¨ Kiv nq|240 G¶‡Y D³ hyw³ †g‡b wb‡jI Zv‡Z ïay 20 ivKÔAvZ n‡e †Kb, Zvi †ekxI n‡Z cv‡i KgI nÕ‡Z cv‡i| c¶vš—‡i cuvP êV‡Ki †h eY©bv G‡m‡Q Zvi Qnxn †Kvb wfwË †bB| AZGe hyw³ bq, Avgiv ivm~‡ji nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ AZ¥mgc©Y Kivi D`vË AvnŸvb RvbvB|

238. †`Lyb: 2q LÊ, c„t 251-255, nv/734, 739, 740, 741| 239. H, Rvbyqvix Õ99, cÖ‡kœvËi bs 60 I 88 ªt, H, wW‡m¤i Õ99, c„t 10| 240. m~iv ZIevn 40; Qnxn eyLvix nv/3615, ÔgvbvwK¡eÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-22|



(5) g°v I g`xbvi gmwR‡ì Zvivexn wb‡q mskq: gmwR‡` nvivg I beex‡Z 20 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nq| G‡Z cÖgvwYZ nq †h, Qvnvex‡ì hyM †_‡K GB aviv P‡j Avm‡Q| ch©v‡jvPbv: Avgiv eje, gmwR‡` nvivg I beexi AvgjB hw` kixÔAv‡Zi `jxj nq, ZvnÕ‡j ïay Zvivexni †¶‡Î †Kb? Ab¨vb¨ Avgj †¶‡ÎI Zv nIqv Avek¨K| KviY GB ivgvhv‡bB Dfq gmwR‡` †kl `k‡Ki cuvPwU †e‡Rvo iv‡ZB jvqjvZzj K¡ i AbymÜvb Kiv nq, wKš‘ G‡`‡k †Kb ïay 27 ZvwiL cvjb Kiv nq? †mLv‡b g`xbvi QvÔ Abyhvqx GK QvÕ mgcwigvY Lv`¨km¨ Øviv wdriv †Ìqv nq, wKš‘ Avgv‡ì †`‡k †Kb BivKx QvÔ Abyhvqx Aa© QvÕ M‡gi wnmv‡e UvKv Øviv wdriv †Ìqv nq? †mLv‡b 12 ZvKex‡i C‡ì QvjvZ cov nq, wKš‘ G‡`‡k †Kb 6 ZvKex‡i cov nq? Giƒcfv‡e †`L‡Z †M‡j G‡`‡ki cÖvq mKj AvgjB †mLvbKvi Avg‡ji we‡ivax| †Kej ¯v‡_©i †¶‡Î g°v-g`xbvi D×„wZ †ck Kiv Avj−vnfxwZ I ¯”QZvi cwiPq bq| ZvQvov mD`x Avi‡ei D³ `yB gmwR` Qvov Ab¨vb¨ mKj gmwR‡`B 8 ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn cov nq| GB †¶‡Î Avi †Kvb e³e¨ Av‡Q wK? †gvUK_v Avgiv g°v-g`xbvi AbymiY Kwi bv, eis cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn nv`x‡Qi AbymiY Kwi| g~j K_v nÕj, D³ `yB gwmR‡` Zvivexni `yBevi `yÕwU RvgvÔAvZ AbywôZ nq| 10 ivKÔAvZ cwo‡q GKRb Bgvg P‡j hvb| c‡i Ab¨Rb G‡m 10 ivKÔAvZ covb| AZtci weZi c‡ob| hv‡Z e¨ — †jv‡Kiv †k‡li RvgvÔAv‡Z kixK n‡Z cv‡i| †mLv‡b Qnxn gymwj‡gi nv`xQ Abyhvqx 10 ivKÔAvZ I †k‡l 1 ivKÔAvZ weZimn †gvU 11 ivKÔAvZ cov nq| Z‡e wK¡ivAv‡Zi `xN©Zvi Kvi‡Y D³ `yB RvgvÔAv‡Zi eëavb eZ©gv‡b K‡g †M‡Q| Giƒcfv‡e eZ©gv‡b XvKv‡ZI A‡bK gmwR‡` n‡”Q| AZGe Qvnvev‡q †Kiv‡gi hyM †_‡K D³ wbqg P‡j Avm‡Q GK_v åvwš—c~Y©| KviY QvnvexM‡Yi hy‡M Gi Aw —Z¡ wQj bv| G wel‡q cÖ_g Aa¨v‡q Av‡jvwPZ n‡q‡Q| m¤¢eZ GB RvgvÔAv‡Zi aviv Pvjy n‡q‡Q Qvnvex‡ì hyM †kl nIqvi A‡bK c‡i| †hgbwU Beby Zvqwgqvn (int) Bw½Z w`‡q‡Qb|241 (6) hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi c‡¶ IKvjZx:

241. Avj−vgv nv‡dh hvqjvC, bvQeyi ivqvn (wiqvh: Avj-gvKZvevZzj Bmjvwgqvn, 1973 L„t/1393 wnt), 2q LÊ, c„t 153; gvRg~ÔD dvZvIqv, 23/113 c„t)|


A‡b‡K †kl nvwZqvi wnmv‡e hCd I Rvj nv`x‡Qi c‡¶ †Rviv‡jv cÖPviYv Pvjvb| 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ Rvj n‡jI Zv‡`i wbKU wKQz hvq Av‡m bv| gvIjvbv AvRxRyj nK, b~i †gvnv¤§v` AvRgx, gvIjvbv gI`~ x cÖgyL D³ Rvj I hCd nv`xQ ØvivB `jxj MÖnY K‡i‡Qb| †h nv`xQ hCd, Rvj, Awfhy³ Ges wfwËnxb e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q, †m nv`xQ Øviv kixÔAv‡Zi `jxj mve¨ — Kiv hvq bv| KviY kixÔAvZ me©cÖKvi Î“wUi E‡aŸ©, GLv‡b `ye©jZvi †Kvb my‡hvM †bB| KviY Avj−vni c¶ †_‡K bvwhjK…Z weavb Aåvš— I wPiš—b (m~iv wnRi 9; bvnj 44; AvbÔAvg 115)| wbf©i‡hvM¨ bq Ggb dvwmK I Î“wUc~Y© e¨w³i e³e¨ MÖnY Ki‡Z ¯qs Avj−vn ZvÔAvjvB wb‡la K‡i‡Qb (ûRyivZ 6)| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) nv`xQ MÖn‡Yi e¨vcv‡i m‡e©v”P mZK©Zv Aej¤b Ki‡Z e‡j‡Qb GKvwaK nv`x‡Q|242 Pvi Ljxdvmn Ab¨vb¨ Qvnvex G e¨vcv‡i wQ‡jb AZ¨š— K‡Vvi| kxl© ’vbxq gynvwÏQMYI Zuuv‡`i c_ Aej¤b K‡i‡Qb Ges Rvj I hCd nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× AvRxeb msMÖvg K‡i †M‡Qb| cÖwm× Pvi Bgvg Avey nvbxdv, gv‡jK, kv‡dC, Avngv` mK‡jB Rvj I hCd nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× wQ‡jb eo P¨v‡jÄ| A_P A‡b‡K `vex K‡i _v‡Kb Rvj I hCd nv`xQ Avgj Kiv hv‡e| D³ `vex mwVK bq| Rvj nv`x‡Qi ûKzg: nv`xQ Rvj cÖgvwYZ n‡j mKj gynvwÏ‡Qi HKg‡Z¨ Zv cÖZ¨vL¨vZ| Dnv cÖPvi Kiv I Avgj Kiv gymwjg D¤§vni HKg‡Z¨ meB nvivg| W. Igi Beby nvmvb IQgvb dvjvZvn e‡jb, f�,��Y�N �>�H �1 ��.�� )�]j �:�� )��Q � )��:�E�=�� )��?

��,��> )�1�>�� ÔBRgvi AvIZvaxb welq mg~‡ni Ab¨Zg nj- Rvj nv`x‡Qi Dci Avgj Kiv GKwU we‡kl nvivg|243 AvnKvg, AvK¡x`v, dhxjZ, Iqvh-bQxnZ wKsev Drmvn I mZK©Zv †h Kvi‡YB Rvj nv`xQ eY©bv Kiv †nvK gymwjg D¤§vni BRgv Øviv Zv nvivg, Kvexiv †Mvbvn mg~‡ni g‡a¨ me‡P‡q eo †Mvbvni Aš—f©y³ Ges me©wbK…ó Aciva| Bgvg beex (int) e‡jb,

242. Qnxn eyLvix nv/3461, 1g LÊ, c„t 491; wgkKvZ nv/198, c„t 32; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/188, 2q LÊ, c„t 3; Qnxn eyLvix nv/109, c„t 21, ÔBjgÕ Aa¨q, Aby‡”Q`-38|

243. Igi Beby nvmvb IQgvb dvjvZvn. Avj-IqvhÔD wdj nv`xQ (w`gv®‹: gvKZvevZzj Mvhvjx, 1981/1401), 1g LÊ, c„t 332|



�9�� A ,�:�� A �� Q ��:�E�= �� lr�U �� *�� ; �� /0� � �� *�� 8��= �� *�� )�+ ,�C, )�� 7��l��,� �� ,,��l�=�A �*��+ �T�,�:�I�*�_� �T��:�H�*�_� ��>�� I�*�:�h��i�A "l�� :f�� 9 +��:�� l��5,�:� �9W��S�� @��5,�S�� |�Y��,�� !��*��.

ÔkixÔAv‡Zi AvnKvg ZvQvovI Drmvn, fxwZ, Dc‡`kmn †h wel‡qB ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi wg_¨v‡ivc Kiv †nvK Zv nvivg| Gi g‡a¨ †Kvb cv_©K¨ †bB| gymwjg D¤§vni HKg‡Z¨ meB nvivg, e„nr Kvexiv †Mvbvn mg~n I RNb¨ Kvh©vw`i Aš—fy©³Õ|244

gynvwÏQ hv‡q` web Avmjvg e‡jb, �9 �S�; Z:��x�� ?�� )�� >�-�A fUr�+ ��]��*�4�� C,. Ônv`xQ wg_¨v cÖgvwYZ nIqv m‡Ë¡I †h Zvi Dci Avgj K‡i †m

kqZv‡bi Lv‡`gÕ|245 hCd nv`x‡Qi ûKzg: hCd nv`x‡Qi †¶‡Î we‡kl K‡i dhxjZ msµvš— nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ †KD †KD wkw_jZv cÖ k©b Ki‡jI cÖ_g mvwii gynvwÏQM‡Yi g‡Z †Kvb †¶‡ÎB hCd nv`xQ MÖnY‡hvM¨ bq| Bgvg eyLvix, gymwjg, BqvnBqv Beby gvCb, Bebyj Avivex gv‡jKx, Beby nvhvg, Beby ZvBwgqvn cÖgyL kxl© ’vbxq gynvwÏQMY mKj †¶‡Î hCd nv`xQ eR©b K‡i‡Qb| me©‡¶‡Î hCd nv`xQ eR©‡bi c‡¶ Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z wM‡q kvqL Avj−vgv RvgvjyÏxb K¡v‡mgx (int) Bgvg eyLvix I gymwjg m¤ú‡K© e‡jb,

,�t�� A VM�2,�x�� "��:�\ ��*�� 6��E ,JD�E�9 �i��h Z=��!�� VM�2,�x�� _�Hr�� C�9 �:�H ��)�� ,�.z��)�8�9 ,)��+ �(�*��D)�� #� �2 �� Z=��!�� ,��|�� *�.�4�Q� ��*��;

��.�� ,Lm�*�\ ,��-��*��; ��A ,��-�Y��:�]�N. Ô¯úó †h, Bgvg eyLvix I gymwj‡gi ixwZI ZvB| Bgvg eyLvix Qnxn eyLvix‡Z †h kZ© Aej¤b K‡i‡Qb Ges Bgvg gymwjg hCd ivex‡`i Dci †h eo †`vl Av‡ivc K‡i‡Qb hv Avgiv c~‡e© Av‡jvPbv K‡iwQ- Zv‡Z †mUvB cÖgvwYZ nq|

244. Bgvg beex, ki‡n Qnxn gymwjg 1g LÊ, c„t 8; gyK¡vÏvg gymwjg, Aby‡”Q`-2 Gi

†klvsk `ªt| 245. gynv¤§v` Zv‡ni cvÆvbx, ZvhwKivZzj gvIh~ÔAvZ c„t 7; Avj-IqvhÔD wdj nv`xQ 1g LÊ,

c„t 333|


ZvQvov Zv‡ì Qnxn MÖš’Ø‡q †Kvb cÖKvi hCd nv`xQ eY©bv bv KivI Zvi cÖgvYÕ|246 Bgvg gymwjg hCd nv`x‡Qi wei“‡× wb‡gœv³ wk‡ivbvg iPbv K‡i‡Qb,

,)�-��Q ��)�A ��,�*�T��,�� a,�z��D�� 3�E�� V:�� -�.�� U,��. Ô`ye©j ivex‡ì †_‡K nv`xQ eY©bv Kiv wbwl× Ges Zv eY©bvi e¨vcv‡i mZK©Zv Aej¤^bÕ|247 AZtci wZwb Gi c‡¶ A‡bK cÖgvY D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb| Zuvi wbKU hCd nv`xQ eY©bv KivB wbwl×, Avgj Kiv †Zv A‡bK `~‡ii K_v|

Bebyj Avivex (g„t 543 wnt) e‡jb, ,)L@�� "?��E�� (�*��D�� p�E�� C�N ÔhCd nv`xQ †Kvb †¶‡ÎB Avgj Kiv hvq bvÕ|248 wek¦weL¨vZ gyRvwÏ`, cuvP kZvwaK †gŠwjK MÖ‡š’i cÖ‡YZv, kvqL Avnvg` Beby ZvBwgqvn (661-728 wnt) e‡jb,

�� L3��*�)�; �<�!�*�� T�� 3�z�*��D�� p�E�e,��G{� �� 3��E�:�4�� A ��T��E C�9 �}�>�y�EL3�.�!�� .

ÔkixÔAv‡Zi †¶‡Î hCd nv`xQ mg~‡ni Dci wbf©ikxj nIqv êa bq, hv Qnxn Ges nvmvb e‡j cÖgvwYZ nqwbÕ|249 kvqL Avj−vgv bvwQi“Ïxb Avjevbx mKj †¶‡Î hveZxq hCd nv`xQ eR©‡bi c‡¶ ewjôwP‡Ë e‡jb,

��A ,LW,�zVQ�� "?�� }�>�y�E �� v�>�Y�:�� t�� *�z�E ,��N �(�*��D�� p�E�� C�N C�9 �� ?�5,�D�z�� A �(�*��D�� p�E��,�� ?�� i��h �� n�:�]�9 Z?�*��)�� Q7�E

�[,�-�*�H� . ÔwbðqB hCd nv`xQ †Kej AwZwi³ aviYvi dv‡q`v †`q, HKg‡Zï wfwË‡Z hvi cÖwZ Avgj Kiv êa bq| myZivs †h e¨w³ e‡j, dhxjZ msµvš— hCd

246. Avj−vgv RvgvjyÏxb K¡v‡mgx, K¡vIqvB`yZ Zvn`xQ wgb db~wb gyQZ¡vjvwnj nv`xQ (îi“Z:

`vi“j KzZze Avj-Bjwgqvn, 1353 wnt), c„t 113; Dq~byyj AvQvi 1/15 c„t; ûKgyj Avgvj web nv`xwQh hCd, c„t 69|

247. Qnxn gymwjg, gyK¡vÏvgvn ªt 1g LÊ, c„t 9, Aby‡”Q`-4| 248. nv‡dh mvLvfx, Avj-K¡vIjyj evjxM dx dvhwjQ QvjvwZ Avjvj nvexwek kvwdÔ, c„t 195;

Qnxn AvZ-ZviMxe IqvZ Zvinxe 1g LÊ, c„t 47-48| 249. Beby Zvqwgqvn, K¡v‡q`vZzb Rvjxjvn wdZ ZvIqvmwmj Iqvj Iqvmxjvn, c„t 84; Avj-

nv`xQyh hCd Iqv ûKgyj BnwZRvwR wenx, c„t 267|



nv`x‡Qi Dci Avgj Kiv hv‡e Zv‡K Aek¨B `jxj †ck Ki‡Z n‡e| wKš‘ Zv †Zv Am¤¢eÕ!250 GQvovI gynvwÏQM‡bi Ab¨Zg g~jbxwZ nj, hCd nv`xQ D‡j−L Kivi mgq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi w`‡K m‡¤vab bv Kiv|251 gynvwÏQM‡Yi DcwiD³ P~ovš— g~jbxwZB cÖgvY K‡i hCd nv`xQ †Kvb ch©v‡qi| hv ejvi mgqI ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi bv‡g ejv hvq bv| GgbwK †Kvb Qvnvex Zv‡eCi bv‡gI eY©bv Kiv hvq bv| ZvnÕ‡j †Kvb we‡e‡K Zvi Dci Avgj Kiv hv‡e? Avgiv g‡b Kwi, hCd nv`xQ eR©‡bi Rb¨ GB g~jbxwZB h‡_ó| †gvUK_v hCd I Rvj nv`xQ m¤ú~Y©iƒ‡c eR©‡bi g‡a¨ gymwjg D¤§vni Rb¨ gnv Kj¨vY wbwnZ i‡q‡Q|252 (7) nv`xQ weK…wZi `ytmvnm: `jxq †Muvovgx gvbyl‡K AÜ I ewai K‡i †d‡j| Dcgnv‡`‡ki gvhnvex Av‡jgM‡Yi A‡b‡K D³ K¨vÝv‡i Avµvš— n‡q wb‡Riv weåvš— n‡q‡Qb, Ab¨‡ì‡KI weåvš— K‡i‡Qb| †Kvbfv‡e hLb Qnxn nv`x‡Qi ûKzg LÊb Kiv m¤¢e nqwb ZLb nv`x‡Qi kã, evK¨, wk‡ivbvg weK…wZ Ki‡ZI Zviv KzÉv‡eva K‡ibwb| nv`x‡Qi kã cwieZ©b, e„w×KiY, n«vmKiY me©‡¶‡ÎB Drmvn cÖ vb K‡i‡Q gvhnvex msKxY©Zv| ïay Zvivexn msµvš— wb‡gœ K‡qKwU D`vniY †ck Kiv nÕj- (GK) nv`x‡Qi cÖavb QqwU MÖ‡š’ 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi †Kvb nv`xQ †bB| A_P Avey vE‡ì D×„wZ †ck Kiv n‡q _v‡K| KviY nÕj `vi“j Dj~g †Ìe›` gvìvmvi cÖavb wk¶K kvqLyj wn›` bv‡g L¨vZ gvIjvbv gvng~ yj nvmvb (1238-1338 wnt) mybv‡b Avey vE‡ì GKwU nv`x‡Qi kã cwieZ©b K‡i‡Qb| hwÌ nv`xQwU Bgvg Avey vE`mn Ab¨vb¨ gynvwÏQM‡Yi wbKU hCd| g~j nv`xQwU nÕj-

�� !�� C�9 �:�� x��U,�� Y ��,�.�� V��"9 �� Z_��+ �C,�l�A �K��$�E �=�-�� E�:�4�� L3��*��..

250. Zvgvgyj wgbœ−vn, c„t 34| 251. †`Lyb: Bgvg beex, gyK¡vÏvgvn ki‡n gymwjg, Aby‡”Q` 2-Gi †klvsk; Avj-gvRg~Ô

kviûj gynvhhve 1/63 c„t; Zvgvgyj wgbœvn, c„t 39| 252. we¯—vwiZ `ªt †jLK cÖYxZ- ÔhCd I Rvj nv`xQ eR©‡bi g~jbxwZÕ eB|


nvmvb †_‡K ewY©Z, Igi (ivt) DevB Beby KvÔ‡ei gva¨‡g †jvK‡ì GKwÎZ K‡ib| AZtci wZwb Zv‡ì‡K 20 ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivb|253 D³ nv`x‡Qi UxKvq gvIjvbv gvng~ yj nvmvb wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K kã ˆZwi K‡i e‡j‡Qb, Ab¨ eY©bvq L3��+�2 ��E�:�4�� Ôwek ivKÔAvZÕ i‡q‡Q| GB weK…Z k‡ãB w`j−x ÔgyRZevC †cÖmÕ Avey vE` Qvcvq| AZtci gvIjvbv Lvqi“j nvmvb Avey vE` kix‡di UxKv wjL‡Z wM‡q L3)��+�2 ��E�:�4)�� Ôwek ivKÔAvZÕ wg_¨v K_vUzKz g~j nv`x‡Qi mv‡_ †hvM K‡ib Ges nv`x‡Qi g~j kã L3��*�� E�:�4�� Ôwek ivZÕ UxKvq †hvM K‡ib| hv w`j−x gRx`x †cÖm †_‡K Qvcv‡bv nq|254 D³ ms¯‹iYwU 1985 mv‡j †Ìe‡›ì ÔAvQvnûj gvZv‡eÕ †cÖm KZ…©K Qvcv nq, hv AvRI ch©š— mgMÖ fviZ Dcgnv‡`‡k cov‡bv n‡”Q|255 A_P Zvi c~‡e© 1264 wnRix‡Z w`j−x gynv¤§v`x †cÖm, 1272 wnRix‡Z w`j−x Kv‡ìx †cÖm mn256 ga¨cÖv‡P¨ Z_v wgki, wmwiqv, †jevbb, Kz‡qZ, mD`x Avie cÖf„wZ iv‡óª cÖKvwkZ Avey vE‡ì †Kvb GKwU‡ZI H wg_¨v kã †bB|

(`yB) Bgvg eyLvix (int) �+�T�U,�; ��#, )�T�� :� ��E�S ÔZvivexni Qvjv‡Zi Aa¨vqÕ bv‡g Qnxn eyLvix‡Z GKwU wk‡ivbvg D‡j−L K‡i‡Qb Ges †mLv‡b 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi gv Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`xQ eY©bv K‡i‡Qb| wKš‘ fviZ, cvwK —vb, evsjv‡`‡k Qvcv Qnxn eyLvix †_‡K D³ wk‡ivbvg ev` †Ìqv n‡q‡Q| GUv GKcÖKvi Z_¨ mš¿vm| Gi KviY nj, cÖPwjZ Av‡Q †h, ÔZvivexn I Zvnv¾y c„_K QvjvZ, Zvivexn 20 ivKÔAvZ Avi Zvnv¾y 11 ivKÔAvZ, Av‡qkv (ivt)-Gi nv`x‡Q Zvnv¾y‡ì K_v ejv n‡q‡Q BZ¨vw`| Bgvg eyLvix (int) D³ wk‡ivbvg iPbv Kivq Ges †mLv‡b 11 ivKÔAv‡Zi nv`xQ eY©bv Kivq D³ cÖPviYv åvš— e‡j cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| GQvov D³ wk‡ivbvg D‡j−L _vK‡j Dcgnv`‡k Qnxn eyLvixi cvV`vb I cvVMÖnYKvix j¶ j¶ wk¶K-QvÎ I Ijvgv‡q †Kiv‡gi wbKU D³ welqwU hLb cwi®‹vi n‡q hv‡e †h, Zvivexni QvjvZ Avm‡jB 8 ivKÔAvZ; 20 ivKÔAvZ bq| ZvB GB b¨°viRbK †KŠkj Aej¤b Kiv n‡q‡Q|

253. bvQeyi ivBqvn 2q LÊ, c„t 75 c„t; Avjevbx, hCd Avey vE` nv/1429, c„t 202, 22

jvBb, ÔweZi Qvjv‡Z Kzb~ZÕ Aby‡”Q`| 254. Be‡b Avngv` mvjvdx, Avn‡jnv`x‡mi cÖK…Z cwiPq (KwjKvZv: mvjvdx cÖKvkbx, 1bs

gviKzBm †jb, 2q ms¯‹iYt 1997), c„t 66-67| 255. †`Lyb: Avey vE` , c„t 202, QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq, ÔweZi Qvjv‡Z Kzb~ZÕ Aby‡”Q`| 256. Avn‡jnv`x‡Qi cÖK…Z cwiPq, c„t 67-68|



Avgiv `„pfv‡e wek¦vm Kwi †h, QjPvZzix K‡i Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ‡K KL‡bv †Mvcb Kiv hvq bv| Qnxn eyLvix ïay Dcgnv‡`‡kB Qvcv nq bv; eis we‡k¦i eû †`‡k Avj−vn Zvi Qvcv‡bvi eë ’v †i‡L‡Qb| ZvB wmwiqv, wgmi, Kz‡qZ, †jevbb, mD`x Aviemn Ab¨vb¨ †`‡k Qnxn eyLvix hZ evi Qvcv‡bv n‡q‡Q †mLv‡bB D³ wk‡ivbvg Av‡Q, Zv cyivZb †nvK Avi bZzb †nvK| Avd‡mvm!, nK¡ †Mvcb Kivi GB RNb¨ cÖ‡Póv Avi KZ w`b Pj‡e! gvhnvex eëmvi RqRqKvi †h Dcgnv‡`‡kB wmsnfvM P‡j G¸‡jvB Zvi ev —e cÖgvY| (wZb) ÔDg`vZzj K¡vixÕ cÖ‡YZv Avj−vgv AvBbx Bgvg evqnvK¡xi D×„Z GKwU `ye©j nv`x‡Qi †k‡l AwZwi³ evK¨ †hvM K‡i‡Qb| g~j eY©bvwU nÕj,

�� !��5,�_ �� E�F�E�� W�6, �+��,�>� �E"@�>��>�C �� -�� : �� x��U, �2�1�� /0� ��.��A ��\ �-�:�2 ��D�C, ��4�:�E�� 2+��L3.

mv‡qe Beby Bqvhx` (ivt) n‡Z ewY©Z, wZwb e‡jb, Igi (ivt)-Gi hvgvbvq ivgvhvb gv‡m †jv‡Kiv 20 ivKÔAvZ QvjvZ Av`vq KiZ|257 D³ eY©bvi †k‡l †hvM Kiv n‡q‡Q- �� C,�� -�� ÔGes IQgvb I Avjx (ivt)-Gi mg‡qI Giƒcfv‡e (20 ivKÔAvZ) cov nÕZÕ|258 A_P evqnvK¡xi †Kvb MÖ‡š’B D³ evowZ Ask cvIqv hvqwb| †hgb Avj−vgv bxgfx nvbvdx (int) Zuvi ÔZvÔjxKz AvQvwim mybvbÕ MÖ‡š’ e‡jb, b6�>�W�� fn�2��$�Q ��A ��Y�>�E,�� ,V��@�-�*�� (�* Ô(AvBbxi) D³ e³e¨ wb‡Ri c¶ †_‡K mwbœ‡ewkZ; evqnvK¡xi MÖš’mg~‡n cvIqv hvq bvÕ|259 eY©bvwU mb‡ì w`K w`‡q Ggwb‡ZB `ye©j| Gi Dci Avevi Rvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| hv‡K e‡j Ôgovi Dci Luvovi NvÕ| G wel‡q wØZxq Aa¨v‡q 2 bs nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv †`Lyb| (Pvi) ZveivYx‡Z ewY©Z GKwU nv`x‡Qi †k‡l weK…wZ NUv‡bv n‡q‡Q| hwÌ nv`xQwU hCd I gybKvi| g~j nv`xQwU nj-

�$�E ��.�� /0� ��1�2 Ze�>��!�� 0� �� C,�+ �6,�W Z_�H� �� E�} �� )�A ,�.�� K�b?�*�� *�� :�$�.�*�A �C,�D��2 �:�-�\.

257. evqnvK¡x, Avm-mybvbyj Kzeiv nv/4617, 2q LÊ, 698-99| 258. Dg`vZzj K¡vix 7g LÊ, c„t 178, ÔZvnv¾y Õ Aa¨vq, I 5g LÊ, c„t 267| 259. wgiÔAvZzj gvdvZxn 4_© LÊ, c„t 333, nv/1310-Gi Av‡jvPbv ªt|


hv‡q` Beby Inve e‡jb, Ave`yj−vn Beby gvmÔE` (ivt) ivgvhvb gv‡m Avgv‡`i‡K QvjvZ cwo‡q‡Qb| AZtci wZwb ivwÎ‡ZB cÖZ¨veZ©b Ki‡Zb|260

D³ eY©bvi †k‡l Rvj K‡i e„w× Kiv n‡q‡Q, �C,�+ ��7�� 6,�W ��E�:�4�� K��$�E Z�,)�� :�Q�>�E� L3��+�2. ÔAvÔgvk e‡jb, wZwb wek ivKÔAvZ Zvivexn Ges wZb ivKÔAvZ weZi cov‡ZbÕ|261 D³ evowZ As‡ki †Kvb wfwË †bB| AÜ ¯v‡_©i Rb¨ Rvj Kiv n‡q‡Q| wØZxqZ: ZveivYxi eY©bvwUI hCd I gybKvi| G wel‡q wØZxq Aa¨v‡qi 13 bs nv`x‡Qi Av‡jvPbv `ªt| 20 ivKÔAv‡Zi A‡hŠw³K `vex‡K †Rvic~e©K mgv‡R wUwK‡q ivLvi nxb ¯v‡_© DcwiD³ Ac‡KŠkj I cÖZviYvi duv` cvZv n‡q‡Q hy‡M hy‡M| †mB duv‡`B AvU‡K c‡o‡Q mijcÖvY gymwjg RbZv| Z_vKw_Z gvhnvex †MuvovgxB G mKj A‰bK¨ I weåvwš—i g~j KviY| GB †bvsiv ¯Z‚c‡K i¶v Kivi Rb¨B gw —®‹ cÖm~Z weav‡bi AeZviYv| Zv bv n‡j nv`xQ Rvj I weK„wZ Kivi gZ RNb¨ AcK‡g© Av‡jgMY wjß n‡Zb bv| kxÔAviv `jxq ¯v‡_© j¶ j¶ nv`xQ Rvj K‡i‡Q|262 Avi gvhnvexiv gvhnve‡K wUwK‡q ivLvi Rb¨ nv`x‡Qi weK…wZ NwU‡q‡Q| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi nv`xQ gIRy _vK‡Z wewfbœ wg_¨v †KŠk‡j Zv‡K Gwo‡q hvIqv AZxe RNb¨ Kg©| GUv nv`x‡Qi cÖwZ e„×v½ywj cÖ k©b Kivi kvwgj| G‡¶‡Î Bgvg kv‡dC (150-204 wnt)-Gi e³e¨ LyeB cÖvavb¨‡hvM¨,

�C�>��!�� Y�9 �� C�9 �� C,��T�8�� 2 �� L3�.�8 ��)�*�� /0� ��)�; �0� �6�>�8 �=��8� ,�-��E C�9 �� ?��Q �=�� 6�>�@��Z��9 .

ÔmKj gymwjg G wel‡q GKgZ †cvlY K‡i‡Qb †h, hvi wbKU ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mybœvZ cÖKvwkZ n‡e, †mB mybœvZ‡K Kv‡iv K_vi gva¨‡g cwiZ¨vM Kiv Zvi Rb¨ nvivg n‡eÕ|263 Dcmsnvi: Bmjvgx kixÔAvZ gnvb Avj−vn KZ…©K †cÖwiZ GK Aåvš— I AcÖwZ‡iva¨ msweavb| Gi `x‡ßv¾¡j cÖZxK n‡jb gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)| G‡Z †Kvb `ye©jZv †bB, †bB †Kvb Î“wUwePz wZ| gZv‰bK¨ I weZ‡K©i

260. ZveivYx, Avj-gyÔRvgyj Kvexi 9/317 c„t, nv/9588| 261. Beby bvQi, wK¡qvgyj jvBj, c„t 21; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 70| 262. W. kvqL gyQZ¡dv mvevC, Avm-mybœvn Iqv gvKvbvZznv (ˆei“Z: Avj-gvKZveyj Bmjvgx,

1985 wnt/1405), c„t 79-81| 263. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 82; Avjevbx, wQdvZz QvjvwZb bvex (wiqvh: gvKZvevZzj

gvÔAvwid, 1991/1411), c„t 50|


Zvivexn&i ivKÔAvZ msL¨v : GKwU ZvwË¡K we‡k−lY 86 mv‡_I Gi †Kvb mswk−óZv †bB| ZvB Avgv‡ì‡K hveZxq KjylZv I weZ‡K©i †eovRvj wQbœ K‡i cweÎ KziAvb I Qnxn mybœvn‡K k³fv‡e aviY Ki‡Z n‡e| Avj−vni †NvlYv,

��"9 ,�� >��Q��V� ="l�*��N �6�F�� >��T�Q �� ="lV��2 � �e Ga,�*�� 9 ��. Ô†Zvgv‡ì cÖwZcvj‡Ki c¶ †_‡K hv AeZxY© n‡q‡Q †Zvgiv †Kej ZviB AbymiY K‡iv, Dnv Qvov Ab¨ †Kvb Ajx-AvIwjqvi AbymiY Ki bvÕ (AvÔivd 3)| Ab¨Î Avj−vn ZvÔAvjv e‡jb,

�E�r�� ,�-E�9 ,�E �*�P�9 �>�.��j �� >�� >�8�:�� >��*�P�9� "9� �6 �� .�� :��7 C�|�A �="l �=�T��},�.�Q ��A � e�:�A Za��\ �>�8�:�� N �� C�N �6 �."+ �>�.��o�Q �=�T �� ,�� C �i)��h �:�]~� ��>�*

� f:�*�]�9�E� 7�Q ��!��L . Ô†n gywgbMY! †Zvgiv Avj−vn I Zuvi ivm~‡ji AvbyMZ¨ Ki Ges †Zvgv‡ì whwb kvmK Zvi| †Zvgv‡ì gv‡S †Kvb wel‡q gZ‡f` †`Lv w`‡j †mUv‡K Avj−vn I ivm~‡ji w`‡K wdwi‡q `vI, hw` †Zvgiv Avj−vn I AvwLiv‡Z wek¦vm K‡i _vK| GUvB Kj¨vYKi I cwiYwZi w`K †_‡K DËgÕ (wbmv 59)| wØZxqZ: Avgv‡ì Rb¨ GKgvÎ g‡Wj e¨w³ n‡jb gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)| wZwb e¨ZxZ Ab¨ †Kvb e¨w³i cÖvavb¨ †bB| GKgvÎ wZwbB Kvj wK¡qvg‡Zi gv‡V Avgv‡ì Rb¨ mycvwik Ki‡eb| myZivs GKgvÎ Zuv‡KB †gv‡Wj wnmv‡e MÖnY Ki‡Z n‡e, Ab¨ KvD‡K bq| nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�A�� 9�P��, ��J�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �A�@�� 9�P��, G0� � �� $� ��J�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �A�@�� $� G0� � ��f� �;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �A�:f� ��*�� .��,.

ÔmyZivs †h gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi AvbyMZ¨ Kij †m Avj−vniB AvbyMZ¨ ¯xKvi Kij| Avi †h gynv¤§v‡ì Aeva¨Zv Kij †m Avj−vniB Aeva¨Zv Kij| (g‡b †iL) GKgvÎ gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-B gvby‡li g‡a¨ (nK¡ I evwZ‡ji) cv_©K¨ wba©viYKvix gvb`ÊÕ|264 Zuvi AvbyMZ¨ Qvov hw` Ab¨ Kv‡iv AvbyMZ¨ Kiv nq Zvn‡j †m Aek¨B c_åó n‡e, hwÌ H AbymiYxq e¨w³ c~e©eZ©x †Kvb bexI nb| nv`x‡Qi wPiš—b mv¶¨,

264. Qnxn eyLvix nv/7281, 2q LÊ, c„t 1081, ÔBÔwZQvgÕ Aa¨vq, Aby‡”Q`-2; wgkKvZ

nv/144; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/137|


�M�r�� z�� Z� ��*�� > ��9 ��"l�= ��>�8� �A�Q,��T��>�� Q�:+�T��>�� D��T�= �� 8�>�a� �!��*�? � ��> �+�C, ��*, � �9�e�2�g ��>�Q�� Q,��.��.

ÔH mËvi Kmg! hvi nv‡Z Avgvi cÖvY i‡q‡Q, G mgq †Zvgv‡ì wbKU hw` g~mv (Avt)I AvMgb Ki‡Zb Avi †Zvgiv Avgv‡K †Q‡o Zuvi AbymiY Ki‡Z, ZeyI †Zvgiv wbtm‡›`‡n c_åó n‡q †h‡Z| GgbwK ¯qs g~mv (Avt) hw` AvR‡K †eu‡P _vK‡Zb, Avi Avgvi beyIAZ †c‡Zb, Zvn‡j Aek¨B wZwbI Avgvi AbymiY Ki‡ZbÕ|68 Avgiv gymwjg D¤§vn‡K hCd I Rvj nv`xQ, i“Mœ weZK© I †Kvb e¨w³i AÜ AbymiY †_‡K gyL wdwi‡q gnv cweÎ Anxi weavb I m‡e©vËg Av`‡k©i g~Z©cÖZxK wnmv‡e gynv¤§v` (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi w`‡K wd‡i Avmvi D`vË AvnŸvb Rvbvw”Q| D³ Awb›`¨ my›ì RvbœvZx c‡_i mÜv‡bB Avgv‡ì GB msMÖvg| †mRb¨ kviC †Kvb wel‡q Avgiv A_©-m¤ú‡ì P¨v‡jÄ w`‡q gvbyl‡K †auvKv w`‡Z PvB bv| Avgv‡ì P¨v‡jÄ †Kej cÖ¾¡wjZ `jx‡ji| Avgiv †Kej †mB Aåvš— kixÔAv‡Zi Av‡jv‡K mvwe©K Rxeb cwiPvjbv Ki‡Z PvB Ges †mw`‡KB gvbyl‡K AvnŸvb Rvbv‡Z PvB| AZtci Avj−vni mš‘wó AR©‡bi gva¨‡g ciKv‡j Rvbœv‡Zi GK †Kv‡Y VuvB †c‡Z PvB| †n Avj−vn! Avgv‡ì G evmbv Avcwb Keyj Ki“b- Avgxb!!

68. `v‡igx nv/443; mb` nvmvb, wgkKvZ nv/194 I 177, c„t 30 I 32; e½vbyev` wgkKvZ nv/184, 1g LÊ, c„t 135|

dih Qvjv‡Zi ci mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ

m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z `jxjwfwËK

eB co–b-

k vi C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb vR vZk vi C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb vR vZk vi C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb vR vZk vi C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb vR vZ gyhvddi web gynwmb wba©vwiZ g~j¨t 40 UvKv

mvwe©K †hvMv‡hvM bI`vcvov gvìvmv, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx| †gvevBjt 01722-684490|



c w i w kóc w i w kóc w i w kóc w i w kó

R v gv ÔA v ‡ Z i m v ‡ _ R v gv ÔA v ‡ Z i m v ‡ _ R v gv ÔA v ‡ Z i m v ‡ _ R v gv ÔA v ‡ Z i m v ‡ _ Z v i v e x n i Q v jv ZZ v i v e x n i Q v jv ZZ v i v e x n i Q v jv ZZ v i v e x n i Q v jv Z


c wi wkóc wi wkóc wi wkóc wi wkó R v g v ÔA v ‡Z i m v ‡ _ Z v iv e x nR v g v ÔA v ‡Z i m v ‡ _ Z v iv e x nR v g v ÔA v ‡Z i m v ‡ _ Z v iv e x nR v g v ÔA v ‡Z i m v ‡ _ Z v iv e x n && && i Q v j v Zi Q v j v Zi Q v j v Zi Q v j v Z

Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ cov mybœvZ| ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) wZbw`b GB QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ c‡o‡Qb| AZtci dih nIqvi Avk¼vq wZwb Avi RvgvÔAv‡Z c‡obwb| †hgb nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�� ZU,�-�\ ��:��]�9 "#� �:�� C�9 �3�4�5,�� 1�2 �� ,�-�.�� Q�:��]�9 �C�9 �6>�8�2 �� ; �� *�� =��8� �n�:�] L3��*�� >�Y �?�*�� $�A ��A ��y�!�� )�;� b6,�Y�2 ��Q,��$�� S��;�7�A �.��, �>"O��T�A� ��T�Y,�A �:��+�9 �=�-�.�� $�A ��>��$)�A ��)�� S��;�7�A ��,�.�� >"O��T�A� �:"��l�A "?�H�9 ��y�!�� 3��*�� 3��,�� n�:�x�A "6>�8�2 ��)�� ; �� *�� =��8� ��$�A ��>��$�A �Q,��$�� ,��A �<��,�+ "3��*�� "3)��:�� F)�y��

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Beby wknve e‡jb, DiIqv Avgv‡K e‡j‡Qb, Av‡qkv (ivt) Zv‡K Rvwb‡q‡Qb †h, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) GK`v Aa© iv‡Î †ei nÕ‡jb| AZtci gmwR‡` QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb| Zuvi Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ KwZcq e¨w³I QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| AZtci †jv‡Kiv G wb‡q mKv‡j Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z jvMj| d‡j Av‡Mi †jvK‡ì †P‡q AwaK †jvK GKwÎZ nÕj| AZtci wZwb QvjvZ co‡jb, †jv‡KivI Zuvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| Zvici RbMY mKvj Kij I Av‡jvPbv Ki‡Z _vKj| d‡j Z…Zxq iv‡Î gmwR‡` †jvK msL¨v †ekx nÕj| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zvici †ei nÕ‡jb Ges QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb| †jv‡KivI Zuvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Kij| PZz_© iv‡Z gmwR‡` †jvK aij bv| Ae‡k‡l wZwb dR‡ii Qvjv‡Zi Rb¨ †ewi‡q Avm‡jb| wZwb hLb dRi QvjvZ †kl Ki‡jb ZLb gyQj−x‡ì w`‡K wd‡i Zvkvnû‡ì b¨vq em‡jb| AZtci nvg& Qvbvi ci ej‡jb, †Zvgv‡ì ’v‡bi e¨vcv‡i Avgvi


fq nqwb; eis Avwg fq K‡iwQ GUv †Zvgv‡`i Dci dih n‡q hvq wK-bv| d‡j †Zvgiv Zv Av`vq Ki‡Z A¶gZv †`Lv‡e| AZtci ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) g„Zy eiY Kiv ch©š— welqwU Hfv‡eB wQj|265

D³ nv`x‡Qi Av‡jv‡K A‡b‡K wZb w`‡bi †ekx RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn cov‡K bvRv‡qh g‡b K‡ib| †KD †KD Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ‡KB we`ÔAvZ e‡j _v‡Kb| KviY ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) RvgvÔAv‡Z Zvivexn cov †Q‡o w`‡qwQ‡jb| Igi (ivt) Zuvi †Ljvd‡Zi †kl w`‡K Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ cybivq Pvjy Kiv‡KI A‡b‡K kixÔAv‡Z we`ÔAvZ e‡j AwfwnZ K‡ib| †ek wKQz Kvi‡Y D³ gZvgZ¸‡jv Î“wUc~Y©|

(GK) dih nIqvi Avk¼vq ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Zvivexni QvjvZ Avi RvgvÔAv‡Z bv co‡jI c~‡e©i avivevwnKZvq Qvnvev‡q †Kivg wew¶ßfv‡e LÊ LÊ RvgvÔAv‡Z Zvivexn cov Ae¨vnZ †i‡LwQ‡jb| †hgb c~‡e©i Ae ’v m¤ú‡K© nv`x‡Q G‡m‡Q,

�� 5,�4�3 �W��,�< �+�C, �.��, �E�$��>�C �A�� !�y�� 6>�8�2 �� ; ��)�� )�*�� =��8� ��A �C,�D��2 �?�*��,�� ,J��}� �9 �>"l�E"C �� ?�Y�:�� a��\ �� Cj�:"@�� >"l�*�A"C �� :�z�.�� "3�!��x�� 9 "3�TV!�� 9� �?�W�9 �� i��h � �9 �:��+�9 �>��$�*�A�C ��Q,��$�� <��,�W ��:��7�A �>�8�2"6 �� ; �� *�� =��8� L3��*�� i��h C�9 �_�$��9 �� *�$��J: �� U,��

��Q�:�y�� <��z�A �n�:�x�A ��*��N �>�8�2"6 �� ;� �� *�� =��8� ��)�� C�9 ��)�; Ga,�4�� #�:�]�� <��,�W ��T�Y,�A ��*��N �� A ��y�!�� $�A �=�-�� >�8�2"6 �� ; �� *�� =��8� ,L��*�� E�>�P,L�..

Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)¨Gi gmwR‡` ivgvhv‡bi ivwÎ‡Z RbMY wew¶ßfv‡e QvjvZ cowQj | mvgvb¨ KziAvb cov Rv‡b Ggb e¨w³i mv‡_ cuvPRb, QqRb wKsev Zvi †P‡q Kg ev †ekx msL¨K †jv‡Kiv RvgvÔAv‡Z QvjvZ cowQj| ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) GK iv‡Î Avgvi N‡ii `iRvq GKwU PvUvB wewQ‡q w`‡Z Avgv‡K wb‡`©k w`‡jb| Avwg ZvB Kijvg| AZtci wZwb †ei n‡jb Gkvi Qvjv‡Zi †kl

265. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2012, 1/269 c„t; Bdvev nv/1882|

RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn&i QvjvZ


mg‡qi ci| Av‡qkv (ivt) e‡jb, AZtci gmwR‡` hviv wQj Zviv ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mv‡_ Rgv nÕj Ges wZwb Zv‡ì mv‡_ `xN© ivwÎ ch©š— QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡jb|...266

D³ nv`xQ †_‡K eySv hvq, Zvivexn Qvjv‡Zi LÊvK…wZi RvgvÔAvZ c~e© †_‡KB Pvjy wQj| AZtci †mB QvjvZB ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) gyQj−x‡ì‡K wb‡q wZbw`b c‡ob| Zvici dih nIqvi Avk¼vq wZwb RvgvÔAv‡Z cov †Q‡o †`b| wKš‘ Qvnvex‡ì c~‡e©i Avgj Ae¨vnZ wQj|267 GgbwK Igi (ivt)-Gi hyM ch©š— Pvjy wQj| †hgb- Igi (ivt)-Gi Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ cybivq Pvjy Kiv msµvš— nv`x‡Q ¯úófv‡e ewY©Z n‡q‡Q,

�� :�� V¥�2,�@�� 9 �6,�W �<�Y�:�] �� :�� U,��x�� 1�2 �� .�� L3��*�� A �C,�D��2 ��N ��y�!�� h�|�A ��,�.�� f��}� �9 �>"WV:�z�T��C �K��$�E "?�Y�:��

��!z�.�� K��$�E� "?�Y�:�� K��$�*�A ��Q,��$�� "d�H�:�� 6,�@�A �:�� V��N M�2�9 �>�� <)��Y �a,��o�H �� Z°�2,�W Z�� C,�l�� ?��9 �="O ��F�� =�-��y�A �� V��"9 �� Z_��+....

Avãyi ingvb Beby Avãyj K¡vix e‡jb, ivgvhv‡bi †Kvb GK iv‡Î Avwg Igi (ivt)-Gi mv‡_ gmwR‡ì w`‡K †ei nÕjvg| ZLb †jv‡Kiv c„_K c„_K n‡q wew”Qbœ wQj| †KD GKvKx QvjvZ cowQj, Avevi †KD QvjvZ cowQj Avi Zvi Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ GK`j †jvK QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj| Igi (ivt) ej‡jb, Avwg hw` Zv‡ì‡K GKRb K¡vixi wcQ‡b GKwÎZ Kwi ZvnÕ‡j Zv fvj n‡e| AZtci B”Qv Ki‡jb Ges DevB Beby KvÔ‡ei mv‡_ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡jb .....|268

AZGe D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ covi weavb ¯vfvweK| Avi dih nIqvi Avk¼v †Kej ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) Rb¨B wQj, D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ bq|

266. gymbv‡` Avngv` nv/26350, 6/267 c„t, mb` Qnxn; Qnxn eyLvix nv/2012, 1/269 c„t| 267. ,��} 9 # $�� M9 -QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 12| 268. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2010, 1/269 c„t, Bdvev cÖKvkbx, nv/1880, Ôivgvhv‡bi QvjvZÕ Aa¨vq|


(`yB) Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Z covi e¨vcv‡i ¯qs ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-B Drmvn cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb| †hgbwU wb‡gœi nv`x‡Q cwi®‹vifv‡e ejv n‡q‡Q,

�� 9 �2�h �6,�W ,�.��; �� >�8�2�6 �� ; �� *�� =��8� �=��A K?�$�E ,�.�� T�� @�� f��8 �� -�4��: ��,�@�A ,�.�� T�� _�H�h "p"�"O �?�*�� ="O �=�� ="@�E ,�.�� A �3�8�e,�!�� ,�W� ,�.�� A �3�!��,�x�� T�� _�H�h �:��\ �?�*�� ,�.�"@�A �� ,�E �6>�8�2 �� >�� ,)�.�T��z�� 3�*�@�� ,�.�T��*�� r�H �6,�@�A ��N �� W��, �� ,��|�� T�� :�$�.�E �_�T"+ �� ,�*�W Z3��*�� =)"O �=�� K?�$�E ,�.�� T�� @�� b�,��O �� :�-�4�� ;� ,�.�� A �3��,�� ,��e� ��H�9 ��Ga,�!�� ,�@�A ,�.�� T�� ,�.A�>�x�Q �v,��z�� <�"W �� ,�� v,��z �6,�W �>�!��2.

Aveyhvi (ivt) e‡jb, Avgiv ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-Gi mv‡_ wQqvg cvjb Kijvg wKš‘ wZwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ (Zvivexn) co‡jb bv| Ae‡k‡l hLb gv‡mi mvZ w`b Aewkó _vKj ZLb wZwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb- GgbwK iv‡Zi Z…Zxqvsk ch©š—| Zvici lô iv‡Î wZwb Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb bv| AZtci cÂg iv‡Z Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb- GgbwK Aa© ivZ ch©š—| Zvici Avgiv ejjvg, †n Avj−vni ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)! evKx ivZ¸‡jv hw` Avgv‡ì Rb¨ bdj K‡i w`‡Zb! (KZB bv fvj nÕZ)| ZLb wZwb ej‡jb, Ô†h e¨w³ Bgvg QvjvZ †kl Kiv ch©š— Zvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq Ki‡e Zvi Rb¨ cy‡iv ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi QIqve wj‡L †Ìqv n‡eÕ| AZtci wZwb gv‡mi wZb ivZ Aewkó _vKv ch©š— Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb bv| Zvici wZwb Z…Zxq iv‡Î Zuvi cwievi I ¿x‡ìmn Avgv‡ì mv‡_ QvjvZ co‡jb| GgbwK Avgiv dvjvn Qz‡U hvIqvi

Avk¼v KiwQjvg| ivex e‡jb, Avwg wR‡Ám Kijvg, dvjvn Kx? wZwb ej‡jb, mvnvix|269

kvqL Avjevbx D³ nv`xQ D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb,

269. Qnxn wZiwghx nv/806, 1/166 c„t; Qnxn Avey vE` nv/1375, 1/195 c„t.; Qnxn bvmvC nv/1605, 1/182 c„t.; Qnxn Beby gvRvn nv/1327, c„t 94; Beby Avex kvqevn 2/286 c„t; QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 14|



�A�|�� H,�: ��,�3 �� A�D�*��3 �;��#, �W�*��, �2��D�C, �� |��,. Ôivgvhvb gv‡m Bgv‡gi mv‡_ iv‡Zi QvjvZ Av`v‡qi dhxj‡Zi e¨vcv‡i GB nv`xQ ¯úó cÖgvY enb K‡iÕ|270 Bgvg Avey vE` (int) Bgvg Avngv` web nv¤‡ji e³e¨ D‡j−L K‡i e‡jb,

�8��< �9�� W�*�? �� E��y��i �9C E�$K�� :��Y"? �� .��, )�A�� 2 )��D�C, �9� � �� B �W�6, �E�$K�� .��, � �8��T�� 9�EJD, �E"@�>"6 �E��y��.�� 9C E�$K�� |��, � �E�>�Q�: �� W�6, �.�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �N�C �:��Y�? �N�h� �W��, �� |��, �� )�T� �E�.�$�:�� +�T�_ /0� �� @�*�3 ��*��T��.

ÔAvwg Bgvg Avngv`‡K ej‡Z ï‡bwQ, Zuv‡K wR‡Ám Kiv n‡qwQj, ivgvhvb gv‡m †h GKvKx QvjvZ c‡o †m Avcbv‡K AvK…ó K‡i, bv †h †jvK‡`i mv‡_ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ QvjvZ c‡o †m? wZwb e‡jb, †h †jvK‡`i mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i †m| Bgvg Avey vE` Av‡iv e‡jb, Avwg Zuv‡K GUvI ej‡Z ï‡bwQ †h, Avgv‡K H e¨w³ AvK„ó K‡i †h Bgv‡gi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i Ges weZi c‡o| †hgb bex Kixg (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) e‡j‡Qb, ÔhLb †Kvb e¨w³ Bgvg QvjvZ †kl Kiv ch©š— Zvi mv‡_ QvjvZ Av`vq K‡i ZLb Avj−vn Zvi Rb¨ cy‡iv ivwÎ QvjvZ Av`vq Kivi QIqve wba©viY K‡i †`bÕ|271

D³ nv`x‡Q RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn covi ’vwqZ¡ ewY©Z n‡q‡Q Ges RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexn covi Rb¨ ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg) †h wb‡RB Drmvn cÖ vb K‡i‡Qb †mUvI cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| †mB mv‡_ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ covi we‡kl dhxjZI eY©bv Kiv n‡q‡Q|

(wZb) ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)¨Gi g„Zz i ci dih nIqvi Avk¼v `~i n‡q †M‡Q| myZivs Zvivexni QvjvZ D¤§‡Zi Rb¨ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ covi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb evav †bB| KviY LÊ RvgvÔAvZ c~e© †_‡KB Ae¨vnZ avivq Pvjy wQj| kvqL Avjevbx (int) e‡jb,

270. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t 15| 271. Avey vE`, Avj-gvmvBj, c„t 62|


bW��< � �H�r�� 7��e,�E"p ��H,�:"# ��,�3 �� 4�:� ��*�3 �;��#, )�T��:� ��E�S �Y�� )��,L3 ��,�8�T��:�2�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �A�� Q��i ��*��,�� , �E�.�A,�*�� Q�:"+�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= ��-, �A� ��*��3 �:��3 �A�� H�r� ��E�p ��7�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �)��@�>�� ]�4�*�< �9C �Qz�:� ��*"l�= � ��, �\�i �9�C �H�r�� x�4�*�3 �W�� } )��< ��>�A )�Q,�� ;�� /0� ��*�� 8��= �� 9C �9+��? /0� �4��:�E��3 � ��r��i �E�F� "6 ��"��>"6 � )�H�> �Q�:�g ��y��,�3 � �E��>�e ��l�= �!��,�s � �H�> ��4�:� ��*"3 ��y��,�3 � �� )�-�r� �9��* )�H,, ��: �� x��U, �2�1�� /0� ��.�� +��, �8��s � �E7�Q�� *�� Y��-�>�2 ��a,.

ÔAvwg ejwQ, RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ Zvivexni QvjvZ cov kviC weavb nIqvi e¨vcv‡i G mg — nv`xQ ¯úó cÖgvY enb K‡i| KviY D³ ivwÎ¸‡jv‡Z QvjvZ Av`v‡q ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)¨Gi avivevwnKZv i‡q‡Q| 4_© iv‡Î Zvivexn bv covi Kvi‡Y Zv wbwl× nIqv eySvq bv| KviY Gi D‡Ïk¨ wQj ivm~j (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)¨Gi e³e¨ ÔAvwg Avk¼v KiwQ †Zvgv‡`i Dci dih n‡q hvq wK-bvÕ| wbtm‡›`‡n Zuvi g„Zz i ci kixÔAvZ c~i‡Yi gva¨‡g D³ m‡›`n `~i n‡q †M‡Q| Avi G Rb¨ RvgvÔAvZ Z¨vM Kivi KviYI `~i n‡q †M‡Q| ZvB †mUv c~‡e©i ûKz‡g wd‡i hv‡e A_©vr kviC RvgvÔAvZ| Avi GRb¨B Igi (ivt) Zv cybivq Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb| GUvB Rgûi weØvbM‡Yi e³e¨Õ|272 (Pvi) Igi (ivt) bZzb K‡i RvgvÔAvZ Pvjy K‡ibwb| wZwb †Kej Av‡M †_‡K P‡j Avmv LÊ LÊ RvgvÔAvZ‡K GK RvgvÔAv‡Z cwiYZ K‡i k„•Ljv I †mŠ›`h©ea©b K‡iwQ‡jb| myZivs wZwb bZzb K‡i RvgvÔAv‡Zi m~Pbv K‡i‡Qb G K_v mwVK bq| wb‡gœi nv`xQ †_‡K †mUvB cÖgvwYZ nq-

�� :�� V¥�2,�@�� 9 �6,�W �<�Y�:�] �� :�� U,��x�� 1�2 �� .�� L3��*�� A �C,�D��2 ��N ��y�!�� h�|�A ��,�.�� f��}� �9 �>"WV:�z�T��C �K��$�E "?�Y�:��

��!z�.�� K��$�E� "?�Y�:�� K��$�*�A ��Q,��$�� "d�H�:�� 6,�@�A �:�� V��N M�2�9 �>�� <)��Y �a,��o�H �� Z°�2,�W Z�� C,�l�� ?��9 �="O ��F�� =�-��y�A �� V��"9 �� Z_��+ �=)"O

272. QvjvZzZ Zvivexn, c„t13|



�<�Y�:�] �� L3��*�� M�:�]"9 ��,�.�� >��$�E�C �#,��$�� =�-�5�2,�W �6,�W �:�� =�� "3)�� r�H ��T�� >��,�.�E�C ,�-�.�� "?�DA�9 �� T�� >"@�E�>��C �E�:�E�� :�]j �?�*�� C,�+� ��,)�.�� >"@�E�>��C �� 9.

Avãyi ingvb Beby Avãyj K¡vix e‡jb, ivgvhv‡bi †Kvb GK iv‡Î Avwg Igi (ivt)-Gi mv‡_ gmwR‡ì w`‡K †ei nÕjvg| ZLb †jv‡Kiv c„_K c„_K n‡q wew”Qbœ wQj| †KD GKvKx QvjvZ cowQj, Avevi †KD QvjvZ cowQj Avi Zvi Qvjv‡Zi mv‡_ GK`j †jvK QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj| Igi (ivt) ej‡jb, Avwg hw` Zv‡ì‡K GKRb K¡vixi wcQ‡b GKwÎZ Kwi ZvnÕ‡j Zv fvj n‡e| AZtci B”Qv Ki‡jb Ges DevB Beby KvÔ‡ei mv‡_ †jvK‡ì‡K GKwÎZ Ki‡jb| Zvici Ab¨ GK iv‡Î Zuvi mv‡_ Avwg †ei njvg| ZLb †jv‡Kiv GKR‡bi wcQ‡b QvjvZ Av`vq KiwQj| ZLb Igi (ivt) ej‡jb, Kx my›ì bZzb m„wó! Z‡e Zviv hv co‡Q Zvi †P‡q DËg †mUvB hvi Rb¨ Zviv NygvZ A_©vr †kl iv‡Îi QvjvZ| Z‡e †jv‡Kiv cÖ_gvs‡kB coZ|273 D‡j−L¨, D³ nv`x‡Q AvwfavwbK A‡_© Ômy›ì we`ÔAvZÕ ejv n‡q‡Q, kviC A‡_© bq| KviY wZwb Gi m~PbvKvix bb| eis ivm~jyj−vn (Qvj−vj−vû AvjvBwn Iqv mvj−vg)-B Gi m~PbvKvix| wZwb †Kej †mUvB cybivq Pvjy K‡iwQ‡jb| AveyeKi (ivt)-Gi msw¶ß †LjvdZKv‡j Ges Igi (ivt)-Gi cÖ_gv‡a© ivóªxq wewfbœ Aw ’iZv I mgm¨vi Kvi‡Y D³ RvgvÔAvZ cÖwZwôZ nqwb| AZtci cwiw ’wZ kvš— nÕ‡j c~Y©v½ RvgvÔAvZ Pvjy nq|274 (cuvP) me‡k‡l ejv hvq, Igi (ivt) KZ…©K cyb:cÖwZwôZ RvgvÔAv‡Z Qvnvev‡q †Kivg kvwgj nIqvi gva¨‡g wbtm‡›`‡n Zv BRgv‡q Qvnvev cÖgvwYZ n‡q‡Q| G †¶‡ÎI Zvivexni RvgvÔAvZ mve¨ — nq| myZivs Zvivexni QvjvZ RvgvÔAv‡Zi mv‡_ covi e¨vcv‡i †Kvb cÖKvi mgv‡jvPbv _vKv mgxPxb bq|

,�.��2 �:�zI� �� ¥��>�� *�.��o�� >�E �>"@�E�� U,�!��. �i��,��8 �g��)�� =�-��N ,�� C�9 ��-�\�9�i�*��N �U�>�Q�9� �g�:�z��T�89 �<��9 ,��N ��.

273. Qnxn eyLvix nv/2010; wgkKvZ nv/1301; Be‡b nvRvi AvmKvjvbx e‡jb, ��r)�H ��,�*�W ��A �#,��$�� G �C�9 ��*�A ��*�� l�� 9 �� "?�DA�9 �?�*�� :�]Gj ��A �#,��$�� C�7�� .�� fS�E�:�$�Q��*��y�T�� "?�DA�9 M�e��:"A �?�*�� dvrûj evix, 4/318 c„t|

274. wgiÔAvZ 4/328|


hCd I Rvj nv`xQ wK Avgj‡hvM¨? mgv‡R †Kb Rvj nv`x‡Qi QovQwo? Gi cÖvgvY¨ DËi Rvb‡Z co–b gyhvddi web gynwmb iwPZ -

h C d I R v j n v` xQ e R ©‡ bi h C d I R v j n v` xQ e R ©‡ bi h C d I R v j n v` xQ e R ©‡ bi h C d I R v j n v` xQ e R ©‡ bi g~jbxwZ

wba©vwiZ g~j¨: 25 (cuwPk) UvKv

dih Qvjv‡Zi ci mw¤§wjZ gybvRvZ m¤ú‡K© Rvb‡Z `jxjwfwËK eB co–b-

k v i C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb v R v Zk v i C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb v R v Zk v i C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb v R v Zk v i C g v b ` ‡ Ê g yb v R v Z gyhvddi web gynwmb wba©vwiZ g~j¨t 40 UvKv mvwe©K †hvMv‡hvM

bI`vcvov gvìvmv, †cvt mcyiv, ivRkvnx †gvevBjt 01722-684490, 01715-249694|

ivm~j (Qvt)-Gi C‡ì ZvKexi KÕwU wQj? Gi mwVK Reve Rvb‡Z co–b gyhvddi web gynwmb iwPZ-

Qnxn nv`x‡Qi Kwócv_‡i

C‡ì ZvKexi wba©vwiZ g~j¨t 20 UvKv

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