中国交通基础设施发展的经验 the experience on developing transportation infrastructure...

中国交通基础设施发展的经验中国交通基础设施发展的经验The Experience on Developing The Experience on Developing

Transportation Infrastructure in ChinaTransportation Infrastructure in China

郭小碚郭小碚 Guo XiaobeiGuo Xiaobei

国家发展改革委综合运输研究所国家发展改革委综合运输研究所Institute of comprehensive Institute of comprehensive

Transportation, NDRCTransportation, NDRC

2

主要内容主要内容Main ContentMain Content

1. 1. 中国交通运输的发展中国交通运输的发展 Transportation Development in China Transportation Development in China 2. 2. 成功的经验：开放与筹资成功的经验：开放与筹资 Successful Experiences: Opening-up and Successful Experiences: Opening-up and

Raising Funds Raising Funds 3. 3. 案例案例

ⅢⅢ . Case Study. Case Study

一、中国交通运输的发展一、中国交通运输的发展

A. Transportation Development A. Transportation Development

in Chinain China

4

一、中国交通运输的发展一、中国交通运输的发展 A. A. Transportation Development in Transportation Development in

ChinaChina

新中国成立新中国成立 6060 年，特别是改革开放年，特别是改革开放 3030 年，中年，中国交通基础设施数量快速增长，基本满足了经济发展国交通基础设施数量快速增长，基本满足了经济发展和社会进步的需求和社会进步的需求

Over the 60 years since the founding of the Over the 60 years since the founding of the P.R. China (especially in the 30 years of the P.R. China (especially in the 30 years of the reform and opening-up), transport infrastructures reform and opening-up), transport infrastructures have gained rapid developmenthave gained rapid development ，， which basically which basically meets the needs of national economic meets the needs of national economic development and social progress.development and social progress.

5

铁路、公路旅客和货物运量增长示意图铁路、公路旅客和货物运量增长示意图increasedincreased of passenger and freightof passenger and freight

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

Mi l . ton &Mi l . persons

passenger f rei ght

6

旅客和货物周转量增长示意图旅客和货物周转量增长示意图increasedincreased of passenger-km & freight ton-km of passenger-km & freight ton-km

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

4500

1952 1957 1962 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

1000 Mi l .

passenger-km f rei ght ton-km

7

中国交通运输的发展中国交通运输的发展 Transportation Development in ChinaTransportation Development in China

20082008 年与年与 19781978 年相比年相比

Compare 2008 with 1978 Compare 2008 with 1978 旅客运输量旅客运输量 2328123281 亿人公里，增长亿人公里，增长 13.213.2 倍倍

Passenger-km reached 2328.1 billion, Passenger-km reached 2328.1 billion,

increased 13.2 times increased 13.2 times 货物运输量货物运输量 3811138111 亿吨公里（陆上），增长亿吨公里（陆上），增长 5.85.8 倍倍

Freight ton-km of inland reached 10551.3 Freight ton-km of inland reached 10551.3

billion, increased 9.7 timesbillion, increased 9.7 times

8

交通基础设施发展交通基础设施发展Transport Infrastructure DevelopmentTransport Infrastructure Development

建国建国 6060 年，陆上交通网里程从年，陆上交通网里程从 1818 万公里增加到万公里增加到 394394 万万公里，增长公里，增长 2121 倍倍

By the 60th anniversary of the founding of By the 60th anniversary of the founding of

PRC, the total mileage of inland transport PRC, the total mileage of inland transport

network has increased by 3.94 million km network has increased by 3.94 million km

from 0.18 million km, increased 21 times from 0.18 million km, increased 21 times

9

Length of Inland Transport Routes

0.18

0.711.05 1.21

1.61

3.94

0.83

13.3

1.4

2.9

9.3

2.4

1.50

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

1949 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2008

milli

on k

m

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14%

routes l ength average annual growth rate

10

交通运输业投资增加交通运输业投资增加Investment in transportation has been increasedInvestment in transportation has been increased

8080 年代中期开始，经过约年代中期开始，经过约 2525 年的大规模交通基础设施建年的大规模交通基础设施建设，初步改变了交通运输的紧张状况设，初步改变了交通运输的紧张状况

From the mid of 1980s, through 25 years' large scale From the mid of 1980s, through 25 years' large scale

transport infrastructure construction, the short transport infrastructure construction, the short

situation of transport capacity supply has been situation of transport capacity supply has been

preliminarily eased preliminarily eased

11

1990-20071990-2007 年交通运输业固定资产投资年交通运输业固定资产投资Investment in Fixed AssetsInvestment in Fixed Assets (1990-2007) (1990-2007)

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600 Bi l . yuan,RMB

12

投资增长：投资增长： 20072007 年交通运输业投资年交通运输业投资 12372 12372 亿元，亿元，是是 19781978 年的年的 154154 倍倍Investment of Transportation is 1237 billion (RMB) in 2007, Investment of Transportation is 1237 billion (RMB) in 2007,

154 times the size of the year 1978154 times the size of the year 1978

0

500

1000

1500100Mil.yuan,RMB

Investment of Transportation

I nvestment 8 23 33 231 552 886 1237 1423

1978 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2007 2008

二、成功的经验二、成功的经验 -- 开放与筹资开放与筹资

B. Successful Experiences: Opening-up B. Successful Experiences: Opening-up

and Raising Fundsand Raising Funds

14

二、成功的经验二、成功的经验 -- 开放与筹资开放与筹资

B.B. Successful Experiences: Opening-up and Raising FundsSuccessful Experiences: Opening-up and Raising Funds

约约 2525 年时间，中国交通运输供给能力增加了年时间，中国交通运输供给能力增加了 1010 倍以上。倍以上。最重要的经验是以改革为动力，实施了：最重要的经验是以改革为动力，实施了：

About 25 years, the transport supply capacity About 25 years, the transport supply capacity

increased above 10 times. The most important increased above 10 times. The most important

experience is with reform as impetus.experience is with reform as impetus.

15

成功的经验成功的经验 -- 开放与筹资开放与筹资

Successful Experiences: Opening-up and Raising FundsSuccessful Experiences: Opening-up and Raising Funds

———— 按照社会主义市场经济的理论，开放了交通基础设按照社会主义市场经济的理论，开放了交通基础设施建设与经营市场施建设与经营市场

In accordance with the theory of socialist market In accordance with the theory of socialist market economy, opened transport infrastructure economy, opened transport infrastructure construction and operation market construction and operation market

———— 实施多元化筹资途径，保证了交通基础设施建设需求实施多元化筹资途径，保证了交通基础设施建设需求

Implemented multi-channels of raising funds Implemented multi-channels of raising funds

16

1. 1. 放松管制放松管制 ⅠⅠ .. Relaxed ControlRelaxed Control

（（ 11 ）转变政府职能，实行全行业管理）转变政府职能，实行全行业管理

Transform government functions, implement entire Transform government functions, implement entire

trade management trade management

从中央开始下放管理权限从中央开始下放管理权限

Release administration authority from the Release administration authority from the

centralcentral

17

放松管制放松管制 Relaxed ControlRelaxed Control

打破垄断，除铁路外其他运输方式基本上形成了竞争态势打破垄断，除铁路外其他运输方式基本上形成了竞争态势

Break monopoly, other transport mode has basically Break monopoly, other transport mode has basically

formed competition situation besides railwayformed competition situation besides railway 改革运价形成机制，政府逐步放开运价，实行政府调控下改革运价形成机制，政府逐步放开运价，实行政府调控下

市场浮动市场浮动

Reform transportation charges to form mechanism, Reform transportation charges to form mechanism,

the government looses transport charges gradually, the government looses transport charges gradually,

implement market fluctuation under governmental implement market fluctuation under governmental

regulation regulation

18


铁路铁路 19861986 年实行投入产出、以路建路经济承包责任制年实行投入产出、以路建路经济承包责任制 In 1986, railway department implemented putting into In 1986, railway department implemented putting into

production, economy contractor responsibility production, economy contractor responsibility

system of taking railways to build railways system of taking railways to build railways 民航机场于民航机场于 20022002 年开始实行属地化管理年开始实行属地化管理

Civilian airport started to implement possession Civilian airport started to implement possession

management in 2002management in 2002

19


港口在港口在 8080 年代中期实行年代中期实行““交通部与地方双重领导，地方管交通部与地方双重领导，地方管理为主理为主””；； 20012001 年实行属地化管理年实行属地化管理

In the mid-80s, port authority implemented In the mid-80s, port authority implemented

““dual leadership of the Ministry of dual leadership of the Ministry of

Communications and local authority, local Communications and local authority, local

management primarilymanagement primarily””; in ; in

2001,implemented possession management2001,implemented possession management

20


（（ 22 ））实行政企分开，减少行政管制，依靠市场力量建设实行政企分开，减少行政管制，依靠市场力量建设 Implement separating government administration Implement separating government administration

from enterprise management, reduce administrative from enterprise management, reduce administrative

control, depend upon market force to carry on control, depend upon market force to carry on

constructionconstruction 从从 8080 年代中开始，部分公路及港口实行企业化建设与经年代中开始，部分公路及港口实行企业化建设与经

营营

From 1980s, part of road and port departments started From 1980s, part of road and port departments started

to implement the commercialization construction and to implement the commercialization construction and

operationoperation

21


民航于民航于 20022002 年实行了彻底的政企分开，航空公司独年实行了彻底的政企分开，航空公司独立经营立经营

Civil aviation implemented thorough separating Civil aviation implemented thorough separating

government administration from enterprise government administration from enterprise

management in 2002, the Airlines operate management in 2002, the Airlines operate

independently independently

22


（（ 33 ）各类企业进入市场，自主承担投资与经营决策的责任）各类企业进入市场，自主承担投资与经营决策的责任

Each kind of enterprise entered market independently, Each kind of enterprise entered market independently,

undertook responsibility of investment and operating undertook responsibility of investment and operating

decisions independently decisions independently 8080 年代初，外资以贷款方式进入了机场项目年代初，外资以贷款方式进入了机场项目

In early 1980s, foreign capital entered airport project In early 1980s, foreign capital entered airport project

by the way of loansby the way of loans

23


在高速公路建设中，部分外资率先进入在高速公路建设中，部分外资率先进入

In construction of expressway, part of foreign capitals In construction of expressway, part of foreign capitals

took the lead to financing took the lead to financing

9090 年代开始，大量外资投入港口项目年代开始，大量外资投入港口项目

From 1990s, massive foreign capitals started to From 1990s, massive foreign capitals started to

invest in port project invest in port project

24

2. 2. 开放的政策开放的政策ⅡⅡ .. Opening PolicyOpening Policy

（（ 11 ）解放思想，重新认识公共品的属性，区分公益性与经）解放思想，重新认识公共品的属性，区分公益性与经营性营性

Emancipate mind, reconsider attribution of public Emancipate mind, reconsider attribution of public

products , discriminate between public welfare and products , discriminate between public welfare and

operationoperation

25

开放的政策开放的政策 Opening PolicyOpening Policy

———— 按照使用者付费的原理，对可经营的交通设施项目，按照使用者付费的原理，对可经营的交通设施项目，实行贷款建设、使用收费还贷实行贷款建设、使用收费还贷

According to principle of users paying expenses, build According to principle of users paying expenses, build

transport infrastructures (which may manage) by loan transport infrastructures (which may manage) by loan

and road toll to repay and road toll to repay

———— 真正的公共品实行政府投入与鼓励社会投入相结合真正的公共品实行政府投入与鼓励社会投入相结合

To true public products, implement policy of To true public products, implement policy of

combiningcombining

26


实行积极政策，加大政府投入实行积极政策，加大政府投入 Carrying out active policies to increase the government Carrying out active policies to increase the government

inputinput ————19851985 年开证车辆购置附加费年开证车辆购置附加费

The authority has started the collection of vehicle The authority has started the collection of vehicle purchase fee since 1985purchase fee since 1985

————19911991 年年 33 月铁道部开征铁路建设基金月铁道部开征铁路建设基金

MoR started the collection of railwayMoR started the collection of railway construction construction fund from March 1991fund from March 1991

27

Proportion of capital construction Proportion of capital construction investmentinvestment

in the transport industry to the total in the transport industry to the total

investmentinvestment 时期 /Period 交通基建投资比重 /

Proportion (%)

1981 ～ 1985 12.3

1986 ～ 1990 12.0

1991 ～ 1995 17.0

1996 ～ 2000 21.5

2001 ～ 2003 21.3

28

铁路建设基金与车辆购置税铁路建设基金与车辆购置税Revenue of railway construction fund & Revenue of railway construction fund &

vehicle purchase taxvehicle purchase tax

Year Revenue of railway construction fund

(Bil. Yuan)(Bil. Yuan)

Revenue of vehicle purchase tax (fee)

(Bil. Yuan)(Bil. Yuan)

1991 2.0 5.94

1995 34.8 18.14

2000 38.4 N.A.

2005 47.5 58.33

2006 49.9 68.75

2007 56.6 87.69

29


（（ 22 ）开放市场）开放市场————从开放运输市场切入，逐步到开放建设从开放运输市场切入，逐步到开放建设施工市场，继而开放投资市场施工市场，继而开放投资市场

Open market —— started from opening transport Open market —— started from opening transport

market to opening construction market gradually, market to opening construction market gradually,

subsequently opening investment market subsequently opening investment market

30


8080 年代交通部率先开放公路、水路运输市场年代交通部率先开放公路、水路运输市场

Since early 1980s, the MoC first carried out the opening Since early 1980s, the MoC first carried out the opening

of the highway and waterway transport marketsof the highway and waterway transport markets 然后又开放了公路基础设施建设与经营市场然后又开放了公路基础设施建设与经营市场————收费公路收费公路

Then, the highway infrastructure and operation market Then, the highway infrastructure and operation market

was openedwas opened ，， such as “Toll highway”such as “Toll highway”

31

部分年度汽车保有量部分年度汽车保有量Possession of automobile for some yearsPossession of automobile for some years

Year Total Vehicle(1000 units)

Of which

Vehicle for passengers

Vehicle for freights

1980 1783 351 1299

1985 3211 795 2232

1990 5514 1622 3685

1995 10400 4179 5854

2000 16089 8537 7163

2005 31597 21325 9556

32


公路建设实行项目法人管理，引入工程招投标与工程监理公路建设实行项目法人管理，引入工程招投标与工程监理The legal person management system is followed, The legal person management system is followed, the bidding and supervision systems are introduced in the bidding and supervision systems are introduced in the projectthe project

开放建设市场，实施资格认证，建立市场准入制度，扩大开放建设市场，实施资格认证，建立市场准入制度，扩大施工队伍来源施工队伍来源

Open construct market, implement qualifications Open construct market, implement qualifications authentication, establish market access system, authentication, establish market access system,

expand resources of construction troopexpand resources of construction troop

33


开放投资市场开放投资市场 Open investment market Open investment market

———— 鼓励外资和社会资金投资交通基础设施建设，包括鼓励外资和社会资金投资交通基础设施建设，包括贷款与直接投资贷款与直接投资

Encourage foreign capital and social fund invest in Encourage foreign capital and social fund invest in transportation infrastructural facilities, including loan transportation infrastructural facilities, including loan and direct investment and direct investment

————9090 年代中期大规模实行经营权转让，筹集建路资金年代中期大规模实行经营权转让，筹集建路资金

In mid 1990s, implemented operation right transfer In mid 1990s, implemented operation right transfer massively, collected funds for road massively, collected funds for road

34

1950-19801950-1980 年铁路基本建设投资年铁路基本建设投资 Capital infrastructure investment of Capital infrastructure investment of

RailwayRailway

时期Period

100万元Mil. Yuan

其中：中央财政of which ： Central finance

1953 － 1957 5017 97.9%

1958 － 1962 8539 95.9%

1963 － 1965 3301 98.1%

1966 － 1970 10120 98.7%

1971 － 1975 14761 98.3%

1976 － 1980 12266 88.3%

1950 － 1980 54828 95.7%

35

1991-20051991-2005 年铁路部基本建设投资结构（年铁路部基本建设投资结构（ %%）） Structure of capital infrastructure investment ofStructure of capital infrastructure investment of

the MOR in 1991-2005the MOR in 1991-2005 (%)(%)

年份Year

投资总额(10亿元 )Amount

(Bn. Yuan)

建设基金Construction Fund

财政资金State

finance

国内贷款Domestic

loans

外资Foreign

loans

债券Bond

单位自筹Funds raised

by various units

1991 7.91 20.3 48.5 13.6 4.7 9.7 3.2

1995 32.82 57.5 0.9 26.9 3.5 4.7 6.6

2000 45.68 38.8 10.1 35.3 4.7 —— 11.0

2005 74.33 46.4 8.1 21.1 4.9 6.8 5.6

2006 130.09 42.5 4.1 25.1 2.0 22.5 3.8

2007 149.24 28.9 1.2 21.9 1.8 31.3 1.9

36

19501950 －－ 19801980 年公路建设资金投入表（年公路建设资金投入表（ %%）） Highway financing for construction from Highway financing for construction from

1950 to 19801950 to 1980 (%)(%)

时期Period

资金总额Total(Mn.

Yuan)

中央财政Central finance

地方财政Local

finance

养路费Maintenance

Fee

民工建勤Labor input

1950 －1952

1682 17.5% --- 1.5% 80.9%

1953 －1957

3837 28.8 3.9 4.4 62.9

1958 －1962

4776 29.5 6.8 11.7 52.0

1963 －1965

3045 28.2 3.9 15.6 52.3

1966 －1970

5716 22.2 6.1 20.1 51.7

1971 －1975

7657 16.7 8.7 30.7 43.9

1976 －1980

10631 13.4 7.9 44.9 33.8

Total 37344 20.5 6.6 25.5 47.5

37

公路建设投资结构公路建设投资结构Investment structure of highway Investment structure of highway

constructionconstruction Item Unit 2007 2006 2005 2000 2001 ～

2003

Total Investment Bil. Yuan 552.3 518.8 465.0 213.7 1748.2

State finance % 1.46 1.60 2.54 5.78 5.07

Vehicle Purchase Tax % 12.55 9.49 10.79 7.80 11.14

Domestic loans % 39.54 43.00 40.06 38.10 42.11

Foreign loans % 0.83 0.99 1.40 3.85 2.03

Funds raised locally % 35.58 34.67 33.50 36.35 30.98

Funds raised by various units

% 7.85 8.28 9.06 3.80 6.15

Others % 2.19 1.97 2.64 4.32 2.52

38


（（ 33 ））保障利益保障利益————按照市场规则办事，兼顾各方利益按照市场规则办事，兼顾各方利益

Implement management according to market rule , pay Implement management according to market rule , pay

proper attention to benefit of all stakeholdersproper attention to benefit of all stakeholders 采取招投标制开展公平竞争采取招投标制开展公平竞争

Develop fair competition by bidding system Develop fair competition by bidding system 实行合同管理，保护投资者的合理收益实行合同管理，保护投资者的合理收益

Implement contract management to protect investors' Implement contract management to protect investors'

reasonable income reasonable income

39

农村公路覆盖面增加农村公路覆盖面增加Rural road coverage grownRural road coverage grown

农村公路覆盖了农村公路覆盖了 99%99% 的乡镇、的乡镇、 88%88% 的建制村的建制村

The rural road covered 99% townships and 88.2% of The rural road covered 99% townships and 88.2% of

villages by the end of 2007villages by the end of 2007 从从““十五十五””开始，加快农村公路硬面化改造开始，加快农村公路硬面化改造

Transformation of rural road surface hardening has Transformation of rural road surface hardening has

been sped up starting from the “Tenth Five-Year been sped up starting from the “Tenth Five-Year

Plan”Plan”

三、案例三、案例

C. Case StudyC. Case Study

41

案例案例 11 ：公路建设：公路建设Case 1: Highway ConstructionCase 1: Highway Construction

评价评价 AppraisalAppraisal

————19781978 年～年～ 20072007 年，全国公路里程由年，全国公路里程由 8989 万公里发万公里发展到展到 373373 万公里，增长万公里，增长 3.23.2 倍倍

From 1978 to 2007, national highway mileage From 1978 to 2007, national highway mileage developed from 890,000 km to 3,580,000 km, grew developed from 890,000 km to 3,580,000 km, grew 3.2 times 3.2 times

———— 全国主要干线公路基本通畅，部分农村公路质量较差全国主要干线公路基本通畅，部分农村公路质量较差 National main artery road basically unblocked, quality National main artery road basically unblocked, quality

of part of rural road is poorof part of rural road is poor

42

1978-20081978-2008 年公路里程增长年公路里程增长highway length growth from 1978 to 2008highway length growth from 1978 to 2008

890 888 942 1028 1157

1680

3345

3730

0. 5 2. 1 16. 3 41 60. 30

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

1978 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2008

1000 km

Length of road Expressway

43

公路等级构成变化公路等级构成变化Proportion of highways classification (%)Proportion of highways classification (%)

Item 2007 2005 2000 1990 1980

Total (1000km) 3583.7 1930.5 1679.8 1028.3 888.3

Expressway 1.50 2.12 0.01 0.05 ——

Class Ⅰ 1.40 1.99 1.50 0.25 0.02

Class Ⅱ 7.73 12.76 10.58 4.22 1.26

Class Ⅲ 10.15 17.86 18.18 16.51 8.96

Class Ⅳ 49.98 47.72 47.10 51.04 45.24

Below Class Ⅳ 29.25 17.55 21.66 27.93 44.52

44

公路建设的政策环境公路建设的政策环境Policy for highway constructionPolicy for highway construction

借钱修路，收费还贷（利用各种资金；保证投资者收益）借钱修路，收费还贷（利用各种资金；保证投资者收益）

Lend money to builds highway, repay by road toll Lend money to builds highway, repay by road toll

(use each kind of fund; guaranteed investors' profits)(use each kind of fund; guaranteed investors' profits) 多元化筹资建路：政府资金、社会力量、商业金融等多元化筹资建路：政府资金、社会力量、商业金融等

Build roads by multiple fund raising: government Build roads by multiple fund raising: government

finances, social strength, commercial financing etc. finances, social strength, commercial financing etc.

45

公路建设的政策环境公路建设的政策环境 Policy for highway constructionPolicy for highway construction

国家从国家从 19851985 年开始征收车辆购置税，专款用于公路建设，年开始征收车辆购置税，专款用于公路建设，20072007 年收入超过年收入超过 877877 亿元亿元

From 1985, the government started to levy vehicle From 1985, the government started to levy vehicle

purchase tax, special fund were used in highway purchase tax, special fund were used in highway

construction. construction. Revenue was to over 87.7 billion Yuan to over 87.7 billion Yuan

by 2007by 2007

46

科学规划科学规划

Science plan is basisScience plan is basis

交通部从交通部从 9090 年代初开始编制国家主要公路干线规划，有年代初开始编制国家主要公路干线规划，有力地促进了公路建设力地促进了公路建设

From the early 1990s, Ministry of Communications From the early 1990s, Ministry of Communications

began to develop national plan of primary highway began to develop national plan of primary highway

trunk lines, promoted highway construction trunk lines, promoted highway construction

powerfully powerfully

47

科学规划为依据科学规划为依据 Science planScience plan

————五纵七横国道主干线，全长五纵七横国道主干线，全长 3.5 3.5 万公里，已提前完万公里，已提前完成成

Five vertical and seven horizontal national highway Five vertical and seven horizontal national highway

trunk lines with the span of 35,000 km, already trunk lines with the span of 35,000 km, already

finished ahead of schedulefinished ahead of schedule

———— 国家高速公路网国家高速公路网 8.5 8.5 万公里，正在加快建设万公里，正在加快建设

National expressway network of 85,000 km are National expressway network of 85,000 km are

speeding up constructionspeeding up construction

48

案例案例 22 ：： BOTBOT 项目项目Case 2: BOT projectCase 2: BOT project

福建泉州刺桐大桥项目福建泉州刺桐大桥项目

The Citong Bridge of Quanzhou, FujianThe Citong Bridge of Quanzhou, Fujian

总投资总投资 2.52.5 亿元，亿元， 19961996 年年 1212 月建成通车月建成通车

The total investment of 250 million yuan. It was put The total investment of 250 million yuan. It was put

into operation in December 1996into operation in December 1996

49

中国首例由民营企业发起兴建的大型交通基础设施项目中国首例由民营企业发起兴建的大型交通基础设施项目

The first large transport infrastructure project The first large transport infrastructure project

initiated by the private enterprises in Chinainitiated by the private enterprises in China 由政府与民营企业合作投资交通基础设施由政府与民营企业合作投资交通基础设施

An investor of transport infrastructure construction An investor of transport infrastructure construction

formed based on the cooperation between formed based on the cooperation between

government and private enterprisesgovernment and private enterprises 1515 家私有企业组建成立名流公司家私有企业组建成立名流公司

15 private enterprises jointly established a Company 15 private enterprises jointly established a Company

named Mingliunamed Mingliu

50

名流公司与泉州市政府合资成立注册资金名流公司与泉州市政府合资成立注册资金 60006000 万元的泉万元的泉州刺桐大桥开发有限公司州刺桐大桥开发有限公司

A joint venture company of Quanzhou Citong Bridge A joint venture company of Quanzhou Citong Bridge

Development Co Ltd with registered capital of 60 Development Co Ltd with registered capital of 60

million Yuan by Mingliu Company with Quanzhou million Yuan by Mingliu Company with Quanzhou

GovernmentGovernment 名流公司占股份名流公司占股份 60%60% ，泉州市政府占，泉州市政府占 40%40%股份股份

The Mingliu Company held 60% shares and the The Mingliu Company held 60% shares and the

Quanzhou Government 40% sharesQuanzhou Government 40% shares

51

杭州湾跨海大桥杭州湾跨海大桥Hangzhou Bay Sea-Crossing BridgeHangzhou Bay Sea-Crossing Bridge

杭州湾跨海大桥全长杭州湾跨海大桥全长 3636 公里，投资公里，投资 118118 亿元人民币亿元人民币

A length of 36 kilometers and total investments of A length of 36 kilometers and total investments of

11.8 billion Yuan11.8 billion Yuan 1717 家民营企业组成家民营企业组成 55 家投资公司，占总投资比例家投资公司，占总投资比例 50.3%50.3%

17 private enterprises established 5 investment 17 private enterprises established 5 investment

companies to make investments that accounted for companies to make investments that accounted for

50.26% of the total50.26% of the total

52

案例案例 33 ：铁路建设：铁路建设Case 3: Railway constructionCase 3: Railway construction

评价评价 AppraisalAppraisal

————19781978 年～年～ 20082008 年，全国铁路里程由年，全国铁路里程由 5.175.17 万公里万公里发展到发展到 7.97.9 万公里，增长万公里，增长 53%53%

From 1978 to 2008, national railway mileage From 1978 to 2008, national railway mileage

developed from 51,700 km to 79,000 km, grew by developed from 51,700 km to 79,000 km, grew by

53% 53%

53

铁路与公路基本建设投资比较铁路与公路基本建设投资比较Capital infrastructure investment of Capital infrastructure investment of

Railway and HighwayRailway and Highway

Period Railway （ Bn. Yuan） Highway （ Bn. Yuan）

1953 － 1962 13.5 8.6

1963 － 1970 13.4 8.7

1971 － 1980 27.1 18.3

1950 － 1980 54.8 35.6

1981 ～ 1990 72.4 31.0

1991 ～ 2000 351.9 801.4

2001 ～ 2008 952.6 3998.2

1981 ～ 2008 1376.9 4830.7

54

改革滞后，开放不够改革滞后，开放不够Reform lag, opening is insufficientReform lag, opening is insufficient

尚未探索出适合铁路改革的有效道路尚未探索出适合铁路改革的有效道路 Not yet explore an effective path which suits railway Not yet explore an effective path which suits railway

reforms reforms 政企合一的管理经营体制，缺乏经济活力政企合一的管理经营体制，缺乏经济活力 The management system of government and business The management system of government and business

integration lacks economic vitalityintegration lacks economic vitality 传统的行业垄断造成市场经济元素薄弱传统的行业垄断造成市场经济元素薄弱

Traditional profession monopoly results in market Traditional profession monopoly results in market

economy element weakeconomy element weak

55

改革滞后，开放不够改革滞后，开放不够Reform lag, opening is insufficientReform lag, opening is insufficient

政策实施较为封闭，难以产生积极效果政策实施较为封闭，难以产生积极效果

Policy implementation seals up, hard to produce Policy implementation seals up, hard to produce

positive effect positive effect 投资多元化政策执行不力，建设资金严重缺乏投资多元化政策执行不力，建设资金严重缺乏

Investment multiple policy is not executed well, Investment multiple policy is not executed well,

construction funds are short seriously construction funds are short seriously

56

小结与展望小结与展望Summary and OutlookSummary and Outlook

中国交通基础设施建设取得了巨大成就，总体上是成功中国交通基础设施建设取得了巨大成就，总体上是成功的，走出了一条中国式道路的，走出了一条中国式道路

The Chinese transportation infrastructural facilities The Chinese transportation infrastructural facilities

have achieved the great achievement, as a whole is have achieved the great achievement, as a whole is

successful, went out Chinese style path successful, went out Chinese style path

57

未来的交通基础设施建设还存在巨大的需求潜力，制度改未来的交通基础设施建设还存在巨大的需求潜力，制度改革与政策开放仍然是法宝革与政策开放仍然是法宝

Future transportation infrastructural facilities also will Future transportation infrastructural facilities also will

have the huge demand potential, the institution have the huge demand potential, the institution

reform and the policy open were still magic weapon reform and the policy open were still magic weapon 未来的交通基础设施建设，将遇到处理好效益与成本关系未来的交通基础设施建设，将遇到处理好效益与成本关系

的困难的困难

Future transportation infrastructural facilities, will Future transportation infrastructural facilities, will

meet process the benefit and cost relations difficult meet process the benefit and cost relations difficult

58

谢谢！谢谢！THANK YOUTHANK YOU

July 9, 2009July 9, 2009

中国交通基础设施发展的经验 the experience on developing transportation infrastructure...

Documents