2011/3/22

E-mail: jppan@itri.org.twTel: 035-915148

EV Benefits:Cost saving (fuel and maintenance)Reduce/eliminate CO2 emissionsFuel up at homeCan provide back up power to your house

PEVHPrimearth EV Energy AESCAutomotive Energy Supply BEJBlue Energy Japan LEJLithium Energy JapanHVE JCSJohnson Controls-Saft Advanced Power Solutions

EV Li ion Battery Module

Energy StorageService Model Electric PropulsionTelematics

&:

Cost &Safety

High Energy High Power High chargeCycle Life

F3DMMitsubishi-SHI I-Mi EV Volt

BMW Mine ELuxgen MPV

Toyota Prius3

---

-(>70)

--

-

---

--

--

---

92.5-105.582.5-105.599-115.549.5-82.5(/)

()

/98.08.23

e- e-

e-

e-e

MM

M MMMM

M

e-M+ M+

M+

M+M

+M+M+

M+

M+

Me- M+

M

M MM

e

e-

e-Heterogeneous Heterogeneous electrochemical electrochemical

reaction with reaction with transportation transportation

of ion and of ion and electronelectron

Energy densityPower density Cycle lifeSafetyCostCharge rate

: LiCoO2 Li(1-x) CoO2+xLi+ +xe-

: C6 +xLi ++xe- Lix C6

: LiCoO2+C6 Li(1-x) CoO2+LixC6Charge

Discharge

/

BOM of LFP Battery (40Ah: Prismatic Power Cell)

29.9%

2.1%

13.7%

6.3%

23.8%

13.7%

2.3%

3.5%

0.4%

3.1%

1.1%Cathode

Al

Anode

Cu

Separator

Electrolyte

Ccover with vent/CID

Case

Conductive carbon

PVDF/NMP

Others

(pin,PTC,disk,tab,tape)

(NOT INCLUDE CAN, SAFETY VENT AND COVER)

Cost of positive material is more sensitive for energy cellsPower cells need cost reductions in other components too (e.g. separator, electrolyte, Cap design, etc.)

A cost target of completed battery for $250~300/kWh is feasible!

ESTIMATED MATERIAL COST OF BARE LI-ION CELLS

: 1st Intl Rechargeable Battery Expo-Lithium-ion Batteries for Advanced Automobiles, GS Yuasa Corp.,

- High-rate charge capability- Safe (3D spinel structure)- No SEI (high potential~1.5V)- Long cycle life- Low cost< US 20/Kg- Low capacity(160 mAh/g)- Low electron conductivity

Pros & Pros & ConsCons of Liof Li44TiTi55OO1212ToshibaEnerdel

High Power Anode MaterialHigh Power Anode Material

Spinel Rock salt

(Li3)8a(Li, Ti5)16d(O12)32e + 3 e - + 3 Li + (Li6)16c(Li, Ti5)16d(O12)32e3Ti+4 3Ti+3

Capacity & Cell Number of Li-ion Battery

12

200-5000 cells

10 cells

1 cell

10 recalls of NB & Mb in 2007-08 from leading companies

Safety mechanism of Li ion battery (pack)

Heating

Gas emission

Fire

Explosion

Internal Short

External Short

Over Charge

Charge after Over Discharge

Separator

shut down

~130PTC

Protected circuit

(PACK)

Protected circuit

(PACK)

Pre-Charge

(PACK)

Abuse condition

Damage1St Electronic Design

2ndMechanic Design3rdMaterial Design

CID

Protected circuit(IVT abnormal)

Thermal setting

technology

STOBA( self terminated oligomers with

hyper-branched architecture)cross-link @abuse

temperature2009

Nail pentration test of different kinds of cathode chemistry vs. energy density of Li-ion cells

18650,7799130(soft pack)

503759(soft pack)

18650, 5099130 (soft pack)Cell types

2, 101.31.4, 5.0Cell capacity (Ah)

Pass

Fail

180

LiCoO2

PassPassw STOBA

FailFailw/o STOBANail penetration test(Nail =2.5mm)

160-180132-148Cell energy density (Wh/kg)

Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2LiMn2O4Cathode chemistry

18650,7799130(soft pack)

503759(soft pack)

18650, Cell types

2, 101.31.4, Cell capacity (Ah)

Pass

Fail

180

LiCoO2

PassPassw STOBA

FailFailw/o STOBANail penetration test(Nail =2.5~5 mm)

160-180132-148Cell energy density (Wh/kg)

Li[Ni,Co,Mn]O2LiMn2O4Cathode chemistry

Temperature Curve of the Nail Test of LiCoO2 Cell

0 10 20 30 40 50 600.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

4.5

Short point temp. 1.3Ah w/o STOBA 1.3Ah with STOBA

Cell Voltage 1.3Ah w/o STOBA 1.3Ah with STOBA

Time (sec)

Vol

tage

(V)

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

Tem

p.(o C

)

0 20 40 60 80 100 1200

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

LiMn2O4, =2.5mm, v=1.0mm/sec w STOBA (1400mA) w/o STOBA (1400mAh)

Time (sec)

Tem

p. (o

C)

Temperature Curve of the Nail Test of LiMn2O418650 Cell

High C rates test of LiMn2O4 18650 cells

with STOBAw/o STOBAw/o STOBA

2.8

3

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4

4.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6Capacity (Ah)

Vol

tage

(V

)

0.2C 1C 2C 8C 10Cwith STOBA

2.8

3

3.2

3.4

3.6

3.8

4

4.2

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4 1.6Capacity (Ah)

Vol

tage

(V

)

0.2C 1C 2C 8C 10C

90 93 98 1.47Ahwith STOBA

10C/1C8C/1C2C/1C1C

95 96 99 1.47Ahw/o STOBA

10C/1C8C/1C2C/1C1C

C rates capacity ratio(%)

0 150 300 450 600 750 900 1050 1200 1350 15000

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

capa

city

rete

ntio

n(%

)

STOBA inside 0% STOBA

RT 25oC , 4.1-3.2V 10Ah 1C-1C cycle

Resistance (Fresh cell) Resistance (Cycle cell) Resistance increased(%)

10Ah+0% 1.86 m-ohm 4.34 m-ohm (888 cycles) 133%

10Ah+ STOBA 2.31 m-ohm 4.02 m-ohm (1024 cycles) 74%

Cycle test of 10Ah LNCM 7799130 cells at RT

Cycle life of LiNiCoMnO2 Battery(776285)

1C/1C@551C/1C@RT

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 4000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1C/1C Cycle 2 Cyc. 400 Cyc. Eff.@RT (mAh) (mAh) (%)

0% STOBA 2769 2467 89% 2% STOBA 2847 2417 85%

Dis

char

ge C

apac

ity (A

h)

Cycle Number

0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 5000

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

1C/1C Cycle 2 Cyc. 500 Cyc. Eff.@55oC (mAh) (mAh) (%)

0% STOBA 2941 1827 62% 2% STOBA 2939 2243 76%

Dis

char

ge C

apac

ity (A

h)

Cycle Number

Long cycle life at H.T.

STOBA Production Cell/Pack verification

E-Van demonstration projectA Good Integration of STOBA (MCL) & Battery

Companies & E-Van ( MSL)

MSL

MCL

STOBA-insidePaste

STOBA material

System level verification

Cell/Pack testing by

MCL

Amita Use STOBA-inside 5Ah pouch cells to form 1S6P module

84S*2 LiB pack by MSL3S35P

1S6PE-One MoliUse STOBA-inside 2Ah cylindrical cells to form 3S35P module

28S LiB pack by MSL

Delivery of production cells

Technology roadmap/ Diffusion Scenario For Battery(Japan)

2020Energy Density: 600Wh/L(2020)/ 1000Wh/L(2030)

250Wh/Kg(2020)/ 500Wh/Kg(2030)Power Density1500W/Kg(2020)/ 1000W/Kg(2030)Cycle Life (10-15)Distance per Charging:200km(2020)/500km(2030)Cost:20JPY/Wh(2020)/10JPY/Wh)(2030)

Battery Capacity Battery Costs Distance per

charging EVs PHEVs FCVs

Spread

1x

2008 2010 2015 2030 2050

Related Technology

High performance batteries

Rare earth substitute materials

1x 1/2x1.5x1/7x

130km

Battery improvements

3x 7x1/10x200km

1/40x500km

Post-lithium ion battery development, etc.

Lithium ion battery performance improvement

Commutes Genuine Diffusion

Introduce and demo tests(400km,3000hrs)

2020

General use of fuel cell vehicles(800km,5000hrs)

(2020)-