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MeasuringElectronic Governance forSustainable Development

From Ranking to Learning

Tomasz Janowski

United Nations University

[email protected]


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EGOV GLOBAL EXCHANGE, SINGAPORE, 20 JUNE 2011 - 2MEASURING E-GOVERNANCE FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AIM

o What is Electronic Governance (EGOV)?o What are the emerging characteristics of future EGOV?o How can EGOV facilitate sustainable development processes (EGOV4SD)?o How to measure EGOV4SD and how to use the results from ranking to learning?

OVERVIEW

1. EGOV

2. EGOV TRENDS

3. EGOV FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT4. MEASURING EGOV FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

AIM AND OVERVIEW


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EGOV

4

3

2, 3

1

PoliticalSystem

AdministrativeSystem

Civil Society

What is EGOV [1]?

1. All forms of ICT use by governments2. Internet service delivery and government online3. ICT-enabled transformation in working of government4. ICT-enabled transformation in internal working and relationships with government

Supporting new governance trends [2][3]:

o Distribution of power to citizenso Whole-of-government arrangementso Participation of non-state actorso Engaging citizens using social networks


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TECHNOLOGY PARADIGMS

Web 2.0 Collaborative government

Cloud computing Participatory government

Grid computing STRATEGIES Mobile governmentPervasive broadband Agile government

Software as service Infocomm infrastructure Local EGOV

Global digital identity Reuse of public information EGOV4D

Citizen-centric practice EGOV4SD

One service space Governance 2.0

Readiness to development

Seamless mobile services

EGOV TRENDS


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EGOV TECHNOLOGY TRENDS

WEB 2.0 Blogs Journal writing

Wikis Collaborative editing

Mashups Combining contents

Social Networks Interaction

Virtual Worlds SimulationsCLOUD COMPUTING Logical computing resources offered as services over the web

GRID COMPUTING Computing resources from many domains applied to one task

UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING Computing networks and services delivered everywhere

GLOBAL IDENTITY Identity of users validated globally in any context

PERVASIVE BROADBAND Broadband access everywhere


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EGOV STRATEGY TRENDS

SINGAPORE 2015 KOREA 2012 ESTONIA 2013Next generationinfocomm infrastructure

Public-private collaborativegovernance

One service space - public,private and third sectors

Innovation centers andentrepreneurship

Seamless and convergedinformatization

Paperless documentmanagement

Infocomm competencyframework

Active response to adverseeffects of informatization

Traceability of the use of ones

own dataElectronic health records Utilization-focused services Internet in rural areas

EUROPEAN UNION 2015 UNITED NATIONS 2010 WASEDA 2011

Improve (seamless) servicesto cater for different needs

Government data sharingbased on open standards

Increase of social mediaapplications for participation

Invite third parties in EGOVdevelopment

From readiness todevelopment

Cloud computing and data centervirtualization

Involve stakeholders inpublic policy processes

Agility to respond to moredemands as revenues drop

Disaster management andbusiness continuity

Reduce carbon footprint Citizen-centric practice Smart grid and green technology


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EGOV PARADIGM TRENDS

COLLABORATIVE GOVERNMENT Cross-agency, whole-of-government arrangements

PARTICIPATORY GOVERNMENT Involving citizens in policy- and decision-making processes

MOBILE GOVERNMENT Providing public services anytime, anywhere

AGILE GOVERNMENT Sound strategy execution, and emergency response

LOCAL EGOV From national to local EGOV to deliver benefits to citizensEGOV4D EGOV for development

EGOV4SD EGOV for sustainable development













EXAMPLE SINGAPORE 2015 STRATEGY













EXAMPLE EUROPEAN UNION 2015 STRATEGY



AIM


OVERVIEW

1. EGOV

2. EGOV TRENDS


AIM AND OVERVIEW



EGOV FOR DEVELOPMENT

D DevelopmentModernization, dependency and human-centered schools.

GOV4D Governance for Development

Management of the development process through a framework of rules andinstitutions to regulate the conduct of all actors involved, public or non-public [4].

EGOV4D Electronic Governance for Development

EGOV focusing on development-related governance issues [5]:

o Enhancing the capacity of government agencies for public service deliverythrough the process of ICT-enabled reform and decentralization

o Using ICT to support the delivery of accessible and affordable services that aremost needed by the poor and small businesses

o Enabling through ICT the increased participation of the disadvantaged groups inthe society in government decision making



EGOV FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

SD Sustainable DevelopmentDevelopment that meets the needs of present generation without compromisingthe ability of the future generations to meet their own needs [7][8].

GOV4SD Governance for Sustainable Development

Peculiar governance issues [6]:o engaging citizens in the SD processo long-term inter-generational policy perspectiveo vertical and horizontal policy integration for coherent government decisions

EGOV4SD Electronic Governance for Sustainable Development

Strategic use of ICT to enable the governance of the SD process [5]:

o Enhancing the efficiency of internal government operations with SD-orientedICT strategies, processes, architectures and infrastructure

o Applying ICT to support the provision of accessible services needed by the poorand small businesses, delivered at the minimum environmental cost

o Using ICT to increase participation of the poor in government policies/decisions



EGOV + SD = EGOV4SD

SDEnvironmentalEconomic

Social

EGOV4SD

ICTGovernance

SD



EXAMPLE SD FOCUS IN EGOV STRATEGIES

SINGAPORE 2015 KOREA 2012 ESTONIA 2013Next generationinfocomm infrastructure

Public-private collaborativegovernance

One service space - public,private and third sectors

Innovation centers andentrepreneurship

Seamless and convergedinformatization

Paperless documentmanagement

Infocomm competency

framework

Active response to adverse

effects of informatization

Traceability of the use of ones

own dataElectronic health records Utilization-focused services Internet in rural areas

EUROPEAN UNION 2015 UNITED NATIONS 2010 WASEDA 2011

Improve (seamless) servicesto cater for different needs

Government data sharingbased on open standards

Increase of social mediaapplications for participation

Invite third parties in EGOVdevelopment From readiness todevelopment Cloud computing and data centervirtualizationInvolve stakeholders inpublic policy processes

Agility to respond to moredemands as revenues drop

Disaster management andbusiness continuity

Reduce carbon footprint Citizen-centric practice Smart grid and green technology


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EGOV4D FROM CONCEPT TO IMPLEMENTATION

NAME EGOV4D Development Framework (EGOV.*)AIM Systematically construct a high-quality EGOV4D program in a given Public

Administration (PA); can be national, provincial or municipal level.

PROCESS 1. Establish the state of readiness for EGOV4D in the PA2. Develop a government-wide strategy towards EGOV4D in the PA

3. Construct a program for PA and its partners to implement the strategy4. Build capacity in the PA to be able to execute/benefit from the program5. Establish a research/innovation environment to help execute the program

ASSESSMENT

EXECUTIONSTRATEGY

PROGRAMRESEARCH AND INNOVATION

BUILDING HUMAN AND INSTITUTIONAL CAPACITY


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EGOV4D in Cameroon (EGOV.CM)

Supporting development with improvedgovernance - PSR, ICT, EGOV.

EGOV4D IMPLEMENTATION EXAMPLE

ASSESSMENT

How to determine the degree of readiness ofinstitutional actors to undertake EGOV4SDinitiatives? How to prioritize assessment withrespect to actors and SD dimensions?

STRATEGY

How to develop EGOV strategies to address SDrequirements? SD as a policy constrain for theEGOV domain, or capturing the interactionsbetween EGOV and SD over time for alignment?

PROGRAMMINGWhat additional complexities arise for EGOV4SDprogramming and when resource mobilization,partnership configuration, management? Howdoes SD impact traditional EGOV sustainability?

Vision 2035

Growth andEmploymentStrategy 2020

Public

ServiceReform

EGOV Strategy2011

National

ICT Policy2007


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EGOV4SD CHALLENGES

PARTICIPATION CHALLENGE

What new technologies, policies and strategies can be adopted to reduce all forms of digitaldivide - geographic, gender, age, socio-economic, etc. to enable participation of citizens ingovernment decisions that directly affect their lives, including environmental concerns?

POLICY INTEGRATION CHALLENGE

How can ICT policies be effectively integrated with economic, social and environmental policiesacross all government levels? What ICT tools can be used to support the integration of nationalpolicies with global policies on climate change, health pandemics, human security or terrorism?

EGOV4SD DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGE

How can the new generation of EGOV4SD frameworks - policies, strategies, architectures and

infrastructure, be developed and diffused to support the global sustainability transition?


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AIM


OVERVIEW

1. EGOV

2. EGOV TRENDS


AIM AND OVERVIEW


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1. UN EGOV Surveys 2004 Towards Access for Opportunity

2. WEF Global IT Report 2005 From EGOV to E-Inclusion

3. EIU e-Readiness 2008 From EGOV to Connected Governance

4. Waseda World EGOV Rankings 2010 Leveraging EGOV During Crisis

UN EGOV Survey 2010 Indices [9]

1. Online services public websites and services at different levels of maturity

2. Telecommunication computers, internet users, phone lines, mobile/fixed subscriptions

3. Human capital adult literacy rate and gross education enrolment

4. e-Participation information sharing, consultation, decision-making

EGOV RANKING SERIES


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UN EGOV RANKING RESULTS

2003 2005 2008 2010

Singapore 12 7 23 11Australia 3 6 8 5

Republic of Korea 13 5 6 1

Japan 18 14 11 17

0

5

10

15

20

25


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SINGAPORE-FOCUSED RANKING RESULTS [10]

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

UN EGOV Surveys 7 23 11WEF Global IT Report 2 3 5 4 2

EIU e-Readiness 13 6 6 7

Waseda EGOV Ranking 3 2 2 1 1

0

5

10

15

20

25


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SOCIAL INDICATORS ECONOMIC INDICATORS

1. Population, density, growth rate 1. Air travel

2. Life expectancy, infant mortality 2. Energy consumption

3. Urban/rural population distribution 3. Growth of economic activity

4. Percentage of voting population 4. Agricultural production densityENVIRONMENTAL INDICATORS TRANSITIONAL INDICATORS

1. Plant biodiversity 1. Changes in food and nutrition style

2. Animal population 2. Environmental and general education

3. Depletion of fossil fuels 3. Percent of energy from renewable sources

4. Topsoil and farmland loss 4. Access of the poor to public decision-making

MEASURING SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT [11]


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OBSERVATIONS

1. Global EGOV rankings are powerful instruments for tracking the relative progress of countries in EGOV development, with real power to mobilize leadership and action.

2. Given multiple rankings and changing trends and measurement criteria, how can policy-and decision-makers use EGOV rankings to guide effective EGOV development?

CHALLENGES RECOMMENDATION

1. One model applied to all countries,regardless of the level of development andchosen development path.

1. EGOV rankings as a data source, localcontext informs selection of indicators

2. Lack of influence by the countries assessed

on the way the rankings are applied totheir own contexts.

2. Policy-makers carry out selection to

create a benchmarking instrument toreflect local conditions and priorities

3. The rankings are used to directly driveEGOV strategies and programs.

3. The role international organizationsis to provide data and enable selection

MEASURING EGOV FROM RANKING TO LEARNING


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[1] ke Grnlund and Thomas A. Horan. Introducing e-Gov: History, Definitions, and Issues.Communications of the Association for Information Systems, Volume 15, Number 1, 2005

[2] Coleman, Stephen. Foundations of Digital Government. In Chen, Hsinchun et al., eds., DigitalGovernment: E-Government Research, Case and Implementation. Springer, 2008.

[3] Finger, Matthias. Conceptualising e-Governance. European Review of Political technologies, 1(March 2005), 1-7.

[4] ADB. Governance and Sustainable Development - The. Asian Development Bank, Manila, 2008.

[5] Tomasz Janowski, Adegboyega Ojo and Elsa Estevez, UNU-IIST Electronic Governance forSustainable Development Programme - Strategic Plan 2011 2014, 2010

[6] Kemp, Rene and Gibson, Robert. Governance for Sustainable development: moving from theory topractice. International Journal of Sustainable Development, 8, 1/2 (2005), 12-30.

[7] Elliot, Jennifer A. An Introduction to Sustainable Development. Routledge - Taylor & Francis Group,London and New York, 2006.

[8] Atkinson, Giles, Dietz, Simon, and Neumayer, Eric. Handbook of Sustainable Development. Edward

Elgar Publishing Limited, UK, 2007.[9] United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs. United Nations e-Government Survey:

Leveraging e-government at a Time of Financial and Economic Crisis, 2010.[10] Infocomm development Authority of Singapore. Realizing the iN2015 Vision. 2010[11] Helen Briassoulis. Sustainable Development and its Indicators: Through a (Planners) Glass Darkly.

Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 44(3), 409427, 2001.

REFERENCES


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Thank you for

listening

Tomasz Janowski

[email protected]

] tomasz janows -dd si e-gov

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