《道路交通系统建模与仿真》 transportation system modeling and simulation

《道路交通系统建模与仿真》 Transportation System

Modeling and Simulation

( 双语教学 )

Faculty of Transportation, KMUST2010.3

Part 3 Application of Simulation

第三部分仿真应用

Chapter 9 Simulation Application for Road transportation System

第九章道路交通系统仿真应用

CONTENTS

Introduction to the Road Traffic System Simulation

Introduction to the Road Traffic Simulation Software---

VISSIM

Introduction to the Application of VISSIM--- Some Cases of

Kunming

9.1 Introduction to the road traffic system simulation道路交通系统仿真介绍

What is the characteristics of a road

traffic system?

random

dynamic

complex

open

Basic conception

基本概念（根据仿真对象和仿真目的不同）

Microscopic simulation

Macroscopic simulation

Area traffic planning simulation

（ TRIPS ， TRANSCAD ）

Difference区别

Microscopic simulation: single driver and vehicle and its reciprocity characteristics ；

Macroscopic simulation: traffic flow characteristics, average behavior

traffic volume, traffic density , average vehicle velocity

Advantages and Disadvantages优缺点

Macroscopic simulation:

1、 Lower computing time and lower storage ；2 、 Easy to understand the outcome of the simulation;

3 、 Difficult to know the dynamic procedure of the traffic

situation on the road ；4 、 The random influence of every vehicles doesn’t be

considered because of the average data ；5、 Can’t to computer the of the vehicles 。

Applying Fields适用范围

Microscopic simulation

Dynamic traffic situation

When the driver-vehicle-unit is considered

Intersection traffic situation

9.2 Basic Factors for Microscopic

Simulation Model

微观仿真模型的基本要素

1 、 road condition

2 、 vehicle arrival

3 、 vehicle characteristic

4 、 expectation vehicle velocity

5 、 reciprocity among vehicles

6 、 lane changing and overtaking/passing

Basic factors for macroscopic simulation model

宏观仿真模型的基本要素

1 、 vehicle arrival

2 、 mutual influence model

9.3 Flow Chart of the Simulation Procedure

交通系统仿真流程

9.4 Introduction to Transportation System Simulation Model

交通系统仿真模型介绍

1 、 road establishment model

Static model

Geometry characteristic,lane partition, segregate

area, road shoulder width, pavement type, fixed

traffic mark

2 、 traffic generate model

The basic model

Probability distributing ,random variable ， Poison distribution ,binomial distribution,

negative exponent distribution



3 、 traffic following modelThe most important dynamical model;restricting, delaying, passingstimulate-reaction modelsafety distance modelphysiology-psychology modalobscure reasoning modalCellular automata (CA) are models that are discrete in

space, time and state variables. The latter property distinguishes CA e.g. from discretised differential equations. Due to the discreteness, CA are extremely efficient in implementations on a computer.)



4 、 lane-changing model

The basic dynamic model

Judgment and compulsary lane-changing model



5 、 Queuing model

6 、 Intersection delay model

7 、 Macroscopic traffic simulation model



9.5 Introduction to the software VISSIM

道路交通流仿真软件 VISSIM 介绍 1 What is VISSIM?

VISSIM is a microscopic, time step and behavior based simulation model developed to model urban traffic and public transit perations.

The program can analyze traffic and transit operations under constraints such as lane configuration, traffic composition, traffic signals, transit stops, etc., thus making it a useful tool for the

Evaluation of various alternatives based on transportation engineering and planning measures of effectiveness.

VISSIM can be applied as a useful tool in a variety of transportation problem settings.

9.5 Introduction to the software VISSIM

道路交通流仿真软件 VISSIM 介绍

A Selective Overview of Previous

Applications VISSIM 仿真应用范围

Development, evaluation and fine-tuning of transit signal priority logic.

VISSIM can use various types of signal control logic. In addition to the built-in fixed-time functionality there are several vehicle actuated signal controls identical to signal control software packages installed in the field.

VISSIM has been used to evaluate and optimize traffic operations in a combined network of coordinated and actuated traffic signals.

VISSIM has been used to evaluate the feasibility and impact

of integrating light rail into urban street networks.

VISSIM has been applied to the analysis of slow speed

weaving and merging areas.

VISSIM allows for an easy comparison of design alternatives

including signalized and stop sign controlled intersections,

roundabouts and grade separated interchanges.



Capacity and operations analyses of complex station layouts

for light rail and bus systems have been analyzed with

VISSIM.

Preferential treatment solutions for buses (e.g. queue jumps,

curb extensions, bus-only lanes) have been evaluated with

VISSIM.



With its built-in Dynamic Assignment model, VISSIM

can answer route choice dependent questions such as

the impacts of variable message signs or the potential

for traffic diversion into ighborhoods for networks up

to the size of medium sized cities.



Traffic Simulation Process in VISSIM VISSIM 的交通仿真过程

VISSIM consists internally of two different programs:

Exchanging detector calls

Signal status through an interface.

The simulation generates an online animation of traffic

operations and offline the generation of output files

gathering statistical data such as travel times and

queue lengths.

The traffic simulator is a microscopic traffic flow simulation model including car following and lane change logic.

The signal state generator is a signal control software polling detector information from the traffic simulator on a discrete time step basis (as small as one tenth of a second).

It then determines the signal status for the following second and returns this information to the traffic simulator.


Communication between traffic simulator and signal state

eneratorEssential to the accuracy of a traffic simulation model is the

quality of the actual modeling of vehicles; e.g. the

methodology of moving vehicles through the network. In

contrast to less complex models using constant speeds and

deterministic car following logic


Traffic Simulation Model in VISSIM VISSIM 的交通仿真模型

Developed by WIEDEMANN (1974).

Introduction to the Vehicle Following model

Important Model

psycho-physical driver behavior model

Length Maximum speed Potential acceleration Actual position within the network Actual speed and acceleration

Parameters of Traffic Simulation Model in VISSIM仿真模型参数

Behavior of Driver-Vehicle-Unit VISSIM 中人车单元的行为

Psycho-physical sensitivity thresholds of the

driver (ability to estimate, aggressiveness)

Memory of driver

Acceleration based on current speed and driver’s

desired speed

Interdependence of Driver-Vehicle-Units

VISSIM 中人车单元间的相互影响

Reference to leading and following vehicles on

own and adjacent travel lanes

Reference to current link and next intersection

Reference to next traffic signal

Flow Chart of the Simulation Procedure

利用 VISSIM 进行仿真的过程框图

Reference to the next page

运行仿真，得到评价结果，如旅行时间、延误、排队长度、路网车密度等。

对标定后的路网按改造要求进行修改，形成新方案的仿真路网。运行仿真，得到新的评价结果。

与现有实测数据进行比较

比较现状与新方案的评价指标，得出方案的优劣。

路网标定机动车特性设定

路网交通流量输入路径分配

公交系统设置信号灯、让行规则设置

不匹配

匹配

9.6 Introduction to How to Use VISSIM

VISSIM 工具使用介绍

Click to the interface ---the software of VISSIM.

VISSIM

9.7 Introduction to Some Cases of VISSIM Application

VISSIM 应用实例介绍

1 ）昆明市城市交通整治项目应用实例介绍

2 ）昆明城市立交仿真应用实例介绍

Introduction to the Application of VISSIM --- Some Cases of Kunming

Faculty of Transportation Engineering

Road Tranffic Simulation Lab

2002 年以前，昆明主城区的交通拥挤、堵塞状况严重，同时随着城市人口规模的扩大、机动车数量的迅猛增长，交通问题也愈加严峻。因此，昆明市有关部门在 2002 年上半年编制了《昆明城市交通与环境综合整治——近期项目及对策措施》，提出了一揽子行动计划，其中“二环十字”改造工程项目是昆明交通综合整治工程措施的重要内容之一，于 2002 年下半年开始实施。

Background项目背景

受昆明市建设局的委托，由昆明理工大学交通学院组织牵头，并联合市规划院、市交警支队单位共同进行“昆明城市交通综合整治及近期实施方案研究”项目。项目期限为 2002 年 6 月－ 2003 年 6 月。


项目借鉴国内外许多城市的交通研究成果，从城市交通基础数据的调查、收集、整理和分析入手，建立相关的基础数据库和可用于城市道路交通规划的地理信息系统（ GIS 系统）；在基础数据库和 GIS 系统的支持下，分析造成昆明城市交通拥堵和诸多问题的原因和症结；同时，在项目采用先进的规划软件 TRANSCAD 和仿真软件 VISSIM3.70 对道路交通的预测、分配和交通特征进行分析和模拟；最后提出近期的整治方案，并对方案进行了仿真评价。


APPLICATION VISSIM 在项目中的应用

1 所用 VISSIM 概况 VISSIM3.70 、仿真范围 <10 公里

2 仿真区域选取昆明市城市布局为单中心同心圆模式，以昆百大、正义路

为中心，一环路、二环路形成同心圆。城区主要道路由“三横、四纵、两环”主干道和支路组成。南北向交通由北京路、五一路、春城路、西昌路承担，而东西向交通主要由东风路、人民路、金碧路承担。仿真区域选取了近期交通整治中所需进行调整的区域，包括金碧路、东风路、人民中路、正义路、北京路、五一路、西昌路、春城路、国防路、建设路等路段所组成的路网区域。

3 仿真交叉口、路段概况 25 Intersections 11 Sections

4 仿真区域截屏图



5 仿真效果图

6 仿真结果进行路网标定后，运行仿真程序，得到仿真结果。主要对核心区的六个主要路口的排队长度和平均延误进行评价。


核心区内平均行程车速为 20.39km/h ，比现状实测车速 16.52 km/h 提高 23.4% ；

交叉口平均延误降为 21.8 秒，比现状实测延误 24.6降低 11.4% 。

结论：在不改变路口信号控制的条件下，改造后结果优于改造前，此方案应该是可行的。

VISSIM 在昆明市中心区近期交通

整治方案中的应用 Other applications

昆明理工大学交通学院课题组

Other ApplicationsVISSIM 在昆明市交通中的其它应用

1 环路高架及下穿方案仿真实例：五华体育馆高架、北站路口下穿、董家湾高架、北京路口下穿仿

真

2 单行方案

实例：如安街－富春街片区、建设路（师大附中）单向管理仿真评价

五华体育馆高架

北站路口下穿

董家湾高架桥仿真

北京路口下穿仿真

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《 道路交通系统建模与仿真 》 transportation system modeling and simulation

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《道路交通系统建模与仿真》 transportation system modeling and simulation