语言学与文学篇 -...

102
语言学与文学篇 相对于 19 世纪末至 20 世纪初« 马氏文通» 与章炳麟提出语言文字之学的开创之 , 20 世纪 20 年代末至 40 年代是中国语言学的现代化的第二个阶段. 在这一时期, 国语言学的研究出现了诸多的研究热点, 比如汉语语法研究汉语音韵学研究方言研究古文字研究语源学研究实验语音学等.其中汉语语法研究涉及古代汉语语法现代汉 语语法文法学等; 音韵学研究涉及上古音韵中古音韵国音学等; 方言研究则涉及方言 分区考古调查等; 古文字则涉及甲骨文金石铭文文字训诂等.这些研究在理论方法 上多有借鉴西方语言学研究的成果清华学报» 上刊登了数十篇有关中国语言学研究的 论文, 对当时的研究热点或多或少均有所体现, 可谓 20 世纪中国现代语言学研究的缩影. 本篇收录了五篇语言学文学史研究论文. 赵元任« 北京, 苏州, 常州语助词的研究». 赵元任( 1892 1982 ), 字宣仲, 又字宜重, 江苏武进( 今常州) , 世界著名的语言学家, 中国现代语言学研究的奠基人. 1910 年考 取清华庚款留美, 入康奈尔大学主修数学; 1914 年获数学学士学位, 再入该校哲学院研究 一年; 1915 年入哈佛大学主修哲学; 1918 年获哲学博士学位. 1919 年回康奈尔大学物理 系任教一年. 1920 年回国, 在清华学校教物理数学和心理学. 1921 年再度赴美, 任哈佛 大学任哲学和中文讲师, 开始研究语言学. 1925 年回国, 受聘为清华学校新创设的国学 研究院导师兼哲学系教授, 与梁启超王国维陈寅恪一起被称为清华国学研究院四大导 ”. 1929 年被聘为中央研究院历史语言研究所研究院兼语言组主任; 1931 年赴美接替 梅贻琦留美监督一职, 一年后回国. 1938 年赴美定居, 后入美国籍. 1939 年后, 赵元任先 后曾任教于夏威夷大学耶鲁大学哈佛大学密歇根大学伯克利加州大学等, 1945 年当 选为美国语言学学会主席, 1960 年又被选为美国东方学会主席. 1948 年被评为中央研究 院院士. 1982 月逝世于美国.主要著作有« 国语新诗韵»« 现代吴语的研究»« 广西瑶 歌记音»« 粤语入门»( 英文版)、« 中国社会与语言各方面»( 英文版)、« 中国话的文法»« 中国 话的读物»« 语言问题»« 通字方案» 北京, 苏州, 常州语助词的研究» 一文发表于« 清华 学报» 1926 年出版的 , 是赵元任 1925 年受聘清华国学研究院后到江苏浙江等 地调查方言的成果, 是其早期语言学研究的代表作之一.由于赵元任曾在苏州 , 常州 年多, 北京 , 故而选择这三地语言予以比较研究, 但以北京语助词的音为纲, 在方法 上采用归纳法.此文是赵元任在北京方言研究中的一部分, 对新国音( 完全以北京音为标 ) 的确立起到推动作用.同时, 此文也是其吴方言的研究著作« 现代吴语的研究»( 1928 ) 的重要组成部分. 杨树达« 形声字声中有义略证». 杨树达( 1885 1956 ), 字遇夫, 号积微, 湖南省长沙 市人, 语言文字学家. 1905 年官费留日, 就读京都第三高等学校, 研究外国语言学. 1911 年回国, 曾先后任职于湖南省教育司湖南省立第四师范第一师范第一女子师范学校. 1920 年赴北平就职于教育部, 兼任北平师范大学国文系教授. 1925 , 受聘为清华学校 大学部国文系教授, 后任中文系历史系教授, 讲授中国文字学概要国学要籍修辞学等

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