賽亞 賽亞 vitagenomics pharmacogenomics: a trend in post genome era for personalized medicine...

29
賽賽 賽賽 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

Post on 21-Dec-2015

240 views

Category:

Documents


3 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine

Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D.

October 25, 2002

Page 2: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Our Fate:

Nature

vs.

Nurture

1. Defective gene causes disease.

2. Defective genes + environmental factors

cause disease.

Page 3: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

MEDICAL CARE (20TH CENTURY)

DISEASEDOMINANT

PATHOLOGY

DIAGNOSIS THERAPY

Page 4: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

MEDICAL CARE (21st CENTURY)

PREDISPOSING FACTORS DISEASE

Public Health Education

PREVENTION

Therapy

DOMINANT PATHOLOGY

Diagnosis

Page 5: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

HEART FAILURE

Hypercholesterolemia

Coronary artery

narrowing

RISK IDENTIFIED

AnticoagulantsStatins/FibratesBypass surgery

Angioplasty

Myocardial infarct

Statins Fibrates

Heart failure

Page 6: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

BREAST CANCER

BRCA 1, BRCA 2, etc.Breast Cancer

RISK IDENTIFIED

Metastasis

CounselingTamoxifen

Her-2 monoclonal

SurgeryChemotherapy/

Radiation

Page 7: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Human Genome Project

• 1985 US DOE initiated the concept• 1990 US Congress approved the $3 billion,

15-year program led by NIH• 1998 New sequencing technology available,

the commercial industry joined the race.• 2000 “rough draft” sequence completed.

During the 90’s, numerous biotech companies were started to capitalize the enormous opportunities.

Page 8: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

HGP data reported by Celera and Public Consortium

“The Sequence of the Human Genome” “Initial Sequencing and Analysis of the Human Genome”

48 pages62 pages

2/16, 2001

2/15, 2001

Page 9: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Pharmacogenomics

The use of genomics approaches to elucidate drug response:

• Via DNA: genetic approach (pharmacogenetics).

• Via RNA: expression profiling.

• Via Protein: Proteomics.

Page 10: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Page 11: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

SNP (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism)

Every individual has ~0.1% of the genome that is different. In average, every 1Kb has a SNP can be used as a marker on the genome.

Page 12: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Applications of the SNP AnalysisApplications of the SNP Analysis

• Disease gene hunting

• Prognostics / diagnostics of genetic risks

• Pharmacogenomics and drug discovery

• Personalized medicine

Page 13: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Population A Population B

Most likelyDrug acts on therapy

Most likelyDrug has no efficacy

Drug treatment Choose other drug

SNP and Drug Response Evaluation

Page 14: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Genetic basis for individual differences in drug absorption and metabolism

For example:A drug is safe for 70% of people,ineffective for 25%,harmful for 5%

Genetic Variation

Polymorphisms vary

across populations

Page 15: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomicsGENE X GENE Y

%

%

Normal Population

Patient Population

SNP & Disease Gene ID

Page 16: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Number of SNP Candidates

Number of DNA Samples

SNP Discovery

Resequencing and in silico analysis to find putative SNPs

SNP Validation

Confirmation of true SNPs and allele frequency estimation

SNP Screening

Applying SNPs in research studies

Technology: BigDye™ Terminator Cylce Sequencing Kits

Technology: SNaPshot™ Multiplex System

Technology: TaqMan® 5’Nuclease Assay and MGB Probes

SNP Validation Process

Page 17: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Target ID Drug screen

High throughputscreen

Lead compound

Clinical trial

Diagnosis/Therapy

Chemical

Natural

Combinatorial

Proteomics

Genomics

SNP applications> 7 years

SNP applications2-4 years

SNP and Drug Development

Page 18: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Advantages to the pharmaceutical industry:

• Increase efficiency of target and lead discovery• Reduce timelines and costs of clinical trials• Product differentiation in the market place

Trends in Biotechnology 19, 491-496 (2001).

Personalized medicine

Page 19: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Advantages to patients and clinicians:

• Higher probability of desired outcome with a drug

• Low probability of side effects

• Preventive strategies

• Focused therapies

• Reduce costs

• Better health and better healthcare

Trends in Biotechnology 19, 491-496 (2001).

Personalized medicine

Page 20: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

SNP or DNA/Protein marker discovery• Access to patient populations• Genotyping costs & Technology development• Computational methodologiesMarker utilization in practice• Assay platform development• Large scale data & knowledge management• Ethical, legal, & social considerations• Physicians & patients education Trends in Biotechnology 19, 491-496 (2001).

Challenges to Personalized Medicine

Page 21: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞基因科技 Vita Genomics, Inc.

Page 22: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

賽亞基因科技 Vita Genomics, Inc.

Overview

Established in March, 2001 Capital of NT$ 3.5 billion Collaborate with Celera Genomics Operates at the Taipei , Tainan and USA Projected personnel to reach 300 in 3 years

Page 23: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Mission

Become a premier genomics-based biotechnological and biopharmaceutical company in the Asia Pacific region

Page 24: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Vita Genomics Technology Platform

SNP Analysis

STR-based Genotyping

Bioinformatics Microarray

Clinical Sample Collection

High-Throughput DNA Sequencing

Vita Genomics Has Established:

A Seamlessly Integrated Technology Platform for Pharmacogenomics & other Genomics Research

Page 25: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Phenotypes

Patient databases

Phenome

Genotypes

Genomics databases

Genome

Vita Genomics

Integration of Biological Data

DNA Sequencing

SNP & STR Genotyping

Microarray Study

Page 26: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

Diseases & Projects of Interest • Infectious Diseases prevalent in Asia (e.g.,

Hepatitis B & C)

• Cancers commonly found in the Chinese population (e.g., hepatoma, breast cancer, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, oral cancer, etc.)

• Chronic diseases such as diabetes, asthma, depression, etc.

• Pharmacogenomics studies (The use of genomics approaches to elucidate drug response)

Page 27: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

April 22, 2002

Over 3 Million Americans Are

Infected With the Stealth Virus.

Most Don’t Know It.

Treatment With Interferon Only Cures 40-50%

Patients

Page 28: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

人類基因組型與人類基因組型與慢性 C 型肝炎治療反應之關聯性

全球 200 million 人感染急性 C 型肝炎

20% 自行痊癒 80% 慢性 C 型肝炎

80% 有症狀

Ribavirin + 干擾素

2-5% 患者接受治療

50% 無效 50% 有效

20% 無症狀

Page 29: 賽亞 賽亞 VitaGenomics Pharmacogenomics: A Trend in Post Genome Era for Personalized Medicine Chih-Ping Yang, Ph.D. October 25, 2002

賽亞賽亞 VitaGenomics

www.vitagenomics.com

[email protected]