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ಈత VLAN Λར༻ ৽େແઢ LAN γεςϜͷઃܭͱӡ༻ Network design and operation for Niigata University wireless LAN system using dynamic VLAN assignments ຊҰ ɼ੨ໜ ɼՏݡ Kazuyuki YAMAMOTO, Shigeyoshi AOYAMA, Kenji MIKAWA[email protected] ৽େใج൫ηϯλʔ Center for Academic Information Service, Niigata University ৽େͰɼฏ 18 ʹಋೖແઢ LAN γεςϜΒɼແઢωοτϫʔΫʹର DHCP Λ༻άϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨεΛΓɼͷ HTTP ௨৴ΛϖʔδʹϦμΠϨΫ τϢʔβΛߦΔɽຊγεςϜͷಋೖʹΑΓɼηΩϡϦςΟΠϯγσϯτͷϢʔβ ͷಛఆ༰қͱͳΓɼωοτϫʔΫӡ༻ͷཧෛ୲ΛݮɽຊͰεϚʔτϑΥϯλϒϨο τͷར༻ٸɼฏ 24 ΒɼແઢωοτϫʔΫʹΓΔάϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨεͷෆݦஶͱͳɽຊͷͰϢʔβҎલʹάϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨεΛ ΓΔΊɼৗݯೖΔΑͳεϚʔτϑΥϯͳʹάϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨε Λ༗·ɼʹࡍແઢωοτϫʔΫΛར༻Ϣʔβར༻Ͱͳঢ়ଶͱͳɽ Ϣʔβͷಛఆ༰қͰΔطଘγεςϜͷΛҡɼάϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨεͷෆΛ ղফΔΊʹɼϢʔβΛ௨աʹରಈత VLAN Λ༻άϩʔόϧ IP ΞυϨε ΛΓΔʹվɽຊจͰɼ৽ແઢ LAN γεςϜͷཁΛઆɼӡ༻ ΒγεςϜͷ༗ӹΛධՁΔɽ Abstract The wireless network system on Niigata University campus installed in 2007 has worked well. Below is an overview of how university members use this system; wireless network computers are assigned global IP addresses by a DHCP server and any HTTP communications are redirected to a web authentication page in order to authenticate the members. The system contributed to reducing the management burden of network operations because of easy tracking of users and their computers. The number of smartphone and tablet users increased very rapidly at recent Niigata University, and since about 2012, we recognized a serious problem that the system run out of global IP addresses for being assigned to wireless network computers. Since in our wireless network design, always-on wireless network devices were assigned global IP addresses before authentication, they might have occupied the addresses without authentication. It followed that the other members who really wanted to use wireless network could not access the network. In order to solve the shortage of global IP addresses with maintenance of easy tracking of users, we improved the existing system to assign wireless network computers which have passed user authentication with global IP addresses using dynamic VLAN assignments. In this paper, we detail an overview of the improved wireless network system and finally, evaluate the benefits of our system from the result of network operations. Ωʔϫʔυ ωοτϫʔΫઃܭɼແઢ LAN γεςϜɼIP ΞυϨεઅɼಈత VLAN Γ Keywords Network design, Wireless LAN system, Saving IP address, Dynamic VLAN assignment 学術情報処理研究 No.18 2014 pp.43−52 - 43 -

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  • VLAN

    LANNetwork design and operation for Niigata University

    wireless LAN system using dynamic VLAN assignments

    † † †Kazuyuki YAMAMOTO†, Shigeyoshi AOYAMA†, Kenji MIKAWA†

    [email protected]

    †Center for Academic Information Service, Niigata University

    18 LAN

    DHCP IP HTTP

    24 IP

    IP

    IP

    IP

    VLAN IP

    LAN

    AbstractThe wireless network system on Niigata University campus installed in 2007 has worked well. Below is an

    overview of how university members use this system; wireless network computers are assigned global IP addresses bya DHCP server and any HTTP communications are redirected to a web authentication page in order to authenticatethe members. The system contributed to reducing the management burden of network operations because of easytracking of users and their computers. The number of smartphone and tablet users increased very rapidly at recentNiigata University, and since about 2012, we recognized a serious problem that the system run out of global IPaddresses for being assigned to wireless network computers. Since in our wireless network design, always-on wirelessnetwork devices were assigned global IP addresses before authentication, they might have occupied the addresseswithout authentication. It followed that the other members who really wanted to use wireless network could notaccess the network. In order to solve the shortage of global IP addresses with maintenance of easy tracking of users,we improved the existing system to assign wireless network computers which have passed user authentication withglobal IP addresses using dynamic VLAN assignments. In this paper, we detail an overview of the improved wirelessnetwork system and finally, evaluate the benefits of our system from the result of network operations.

    LAN IP VLANKeywords

    Network design, Wireless LAN system, Saving IP address, Dynamic VLAN assignment

    学術情報処理研究 No.18 2014 pp.43−52

    - 43 -

  • 1

    14 7 LAN

    100 AP

    AP IP

    IP NAPT

    IDS

    IDS

    IP

    IP

    IP

    IP AP

    IP

    19 1 LAN

    NAPT

    DHCP IP

    HTTP

    LAN ID

    IP

    AP 24

    200 AP

    IP

    19

    878

    24

    IP

    IP

    IP

    NAPT

    DHCP IP

    HTTP

    - 1: 19

    LAN 1

    AP 215

    RADIUS 1

    DHCP 1

    IP

    RADIUS

    VLAN

    IP IP

    24 10

    26 3

    1 9

    LAN

    ID

    IP

    LAN

    3 IP

    2 LAN

    LAN 19

    LAN

    19

    LAN

    26 LAN

    2.1

    19

    AP 1

    4

    IP

    3

    - 44 -

  • AP

    RADIUS

    AP AP LAN

    WLC

    DHCP-G

    L3

    (a)

    RADIUS

    DHCP-G

    LAN

    AP AP AP

    WLC L3

    (b) IP

    RADIUS

    DHCP-G

    LAN

    AP AP AP

    WLC L3

    (c)

    - 1:

    250 250 128

    1 250 IP

    1(a) LAN

    WLC AP

    GRE Generic Routing Encapsulation

    AP

    LAN LAN

    AP

    LAN RADIUS

    DHCP

    IP

    1 L3

    IP

    DHCP GRE

    AP L3

    L3

    L3 2

    AP GRE

    AP

    L3 DHCP

    L3

    DHCP DHCP

    L3

    L3

    DNS DHCP

    2

    LAN

    AP GRE

    1⃝ SSID AP

    2⃝ DHCP IP

    3⃝ DHCP IPIP

    4⃝ HTTP

    5⃝ HTTPURL HTTPS

    6⃝ ID

    7⃝ IDRADIUS

    8⃝

    DHCP

    IP

    IP

    1(b) 2⃝3⃝ 2⃝ 3⃝ AP

    DHCP IP

    AP GRE

    DHCP

    DHCP 2⃝ DHCP

    3⃝

    - 45 -

  • AP L3

    DHCP

    Access with SSID

    RADIUS

    DHCPREQUEST

    DHCPACK

    HTTP Connection

    HTTP Redirection (Auth-URL)

    Input UID/PASSWD

    RADIUS Access-Request

    RADIUS Access-Accept

    DHCPRELAY

    - 2:

    1(c)

    IP

    DNS DHCP

    HTTP 4⃝URL 5⃝ID 6⃝

    RADIUS 7⃝8⃝

    AP

    IP

    DHCP

    2.2

    IP

    24 10 26 2

    LAN

    26 3

    2

    4 IP

    IP DHCP

    1 LAN

    LAN

    VLAN

    IP

    - 2: 26

    LAN 1

    AP 307

    RADIUS 1

    DHCP 2

    4

    3 1

    2,000 8,000

    IP

    1,000

    3(a)

    4 VLAN

    VLAN VLAN

    L3

    L3

    VLAN IP

    VLAN IP

    DHCP DHCP

    GRE

    LAN

    L3 L2

    - 46 -

  • AP

    RADIUS

    AP AP LAN

    SW

    SW

    SW

    SW

    WLC DHCP-P

    DHCP-G

    L3

    (a)

    RADIUS SW

    SW

    SW

    SW

    WLC DHCP-P

    DHCP-G

    AP AP LAN

    AP

    L3

    (b) IP

    RADIUS SW

    SW

    SW

    SW

    WLC DHCP-P

    DHCP-G

    AP AP LAN

    AP

    L3

    (c)

    RADIUS SW

    SW

    SW

    SW

    WLC DHCP-P

    DHCP-G

    AP AP LAN

    AP

    L3

    (d) IP

    - 3:

    AP L3

    L3

    L3 2

    AP GRE

    AP

    L3

    DHCP

    L3 DHCP

    DHCP L3

    L3

    IP

    DNS

    DHCP

    4

    1⃝ SSID AP

    2⃝ DHCP IP

    3⃝ DHCP IP

    4⃝ HTTP

    5⃝ HTTPURL HTTPS

    6⃝ ID

    7⃝ IDRADIUS

    8⃝VLANID VLANID

    VLANID

    VLANID

    9⃝ IP DHCPIP VLANID

    IP

    DHCP

    10⃝ DHCP IP

    DHCP IP

    IP

    - 47 -

  • AP L3

    DHCP

    P Access with SSID

    RADIUS

    DHCPREQUEST

    DHCPACK

    HTTP Connection

    HTTP Redirection (Auth-URL)

    Input UID/PASSWD

    RADIUS Access-Request

    RADIUS Access-Accept

    DHCP

    G

    DHCPACK

    DHCPREQUEST

    DHCPRELAY

    DHCPRELAY

    - 4:

    3(b) 2⃝ 3⃝ 2⃝ 3⃝AP DHCP

    IP DHCP

    L3

    DHCP 2⃝ DHCP

    3⃝3(c)

    DNS DHCP

    HTTP 4⃝URL 5⃝ID 6⃝ RADIUS

    7⃝ 8⃝VLAN

    MAC VLANID

    VLANID VLANID

    IP

    3(d) 9⃝ 10⃝ 9⃝ 10⃝VLAN DHCP

    IP DHCP

    IP DHCP

    IP

    DHCP

    IP 9⃝IP 10⃝

    IP

    20

    DHCP

    IP

    20

    OS

    IP

    10

    3

    Internet Systems Consortium ISC DHCP

    IP

    MAC

    dhcpd.leases

    ISC-DHCP IP

    dhcpd.leases

    IP

    3.1 IP

    IP

    dhcpd.leases

    10 IP

    IP

    10 dhcpd.leases

    - 48 -

  • 0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    4500

    05/19 00:00

    05/21 00:00

    05/23 00:00

    05/25 00:00

    05/27 00:00

    05/29 00:00

    05/31 00:00

    06/02 00:00

    TotalGlobalPrivate

    - 5: 26 5 19 26 6 1 IP

    0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    4500

    06/02 00:00

    06/04 00:00

    06/06 00:00

    06/08 00:00

    06/10 00:00

    06/12 00:00

    06/14 00:00

    06/16 00:00

    TotalGlobalPrivate

    - 6: 26 6 2 26 6 15 IP

    IP

    IP

    IP

    dhcpd.leases 10

    IP

    IP

    20

    IP

    IP

    IP

    IP

    N T

    IP ∆t

    dhcpd.leases IP

    T/∆t = 30 N

    30

    IP

    MAC N

    N = |Scur − (Scur ∩ Sprev)|T

    ∆t+ |Scur ∩ Sprev| (1)

    Scur

    IP

    MAC |S|S Sprev

    - 49 -

  • 0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    4500

    06/16 00:00

    06/18 00:00

    06/20 00:00

    06/22 00:00

    06/24 00:00

    06/26 00:00

    06/28 00:00

    06/30 00:00

    TotalGlobalPrivate

    - 7: 26 6 16 26 6 29 IP

    IP MAC

    Sprev

    Scur Scur ∩ SprevT

    N

    Sprev − (Scur ∩ Sprev) IP

    26 5 19 26 6 30

    IP (1)

    5 19 6 1 5

    6 2 6 15 6

    6 16 6 30 7

    3.2

    (1) N

    (1) 2 |Scur ∩ Sprev|1

    IP

    |Scur − (Scur ∩ Sprev)| T/∆t

    IP

    IP

    R =|Scur − (Scur ∩ Sprev)|

    |Scur ∩ Sprev|(2)

    R

    5 6 7

    26 5 19 26 6 1

    (2) 8

    IP

    5 19

    6 30 7 30 20

    R 9

    1 8 30 2 10 15 3 12

    55 4 14 40 5 16 25

    9

    IP

    1.5

    0.5

    IP

    0.5

    (1)

    3.3

    5 6 7 IP

    IP

    - 50 -

  • 0

    1

    2

    3

    4

    5

    6

    7

    8

    05/19 00:00

    05/21 00:00

    05/23 00:00

    05/25 00:00

    05/27 00:00

    05/29 00:00

    05/31 00:00

    06/02 00:00

    |Scu

    r-(S c

    ur∩

    S pre

    v)T/∆

    t|/|S

    cur∩

    S pre

    v|

    - 8: IP IP

    0

    0.5

    1

    1.5

    2

    2.5

    3

    3.5

    4

    4.5

    08:00 10:00 12:00 14:00 16:00 18:00 20:00

    avg(

    |Scu

    r-(S c

    ur∩

    S pre

    v)T/∆

    t|/|S

    cur∩

    S pre

    v|)

    - 9: IP IP

    6 11 IP

    4

    1

    IP

    IP

    IP

    8 8 30

    IP

    IP

    IP

    IP

    14

    14 25 3 3

    24 IP

    IP

    10

    6 11 IP

    IP 2,000 2,500

    IP

    600

    - 51 -

  • 0

    500

    1000

    1500

    2000

    2500

    3000

    3500

    4000

    4500

    Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri

    05/19-05/23 global05/19-05/23 private05/26-05/30 global

    05/26-05/30 private06/02-06/06 global

    06/02-06/06 private06/09-06/13 global

    06/09-06/13 private06/16-06/20 global

    06/16-06/20 private06/23-06/27 global

    06/23-06/27 private

    - 10: IP

    1,000

    1,000

    IP

    IP

    IP

    10

    IP

    2,000 2,500

    24

    IP 878

    IP

    4

    IP 20

    24 10

    10

    OS

    20

    OS

    OS

    VLAN IP

    IP

    AP

    VLAN VLAN

    VLAN

    GRE AP

    LAN VLAN

    AP

    LAN

    ID

    3

    ID (1) IDS IP

    (2) LAN

    IP IP

    MAC (3)

    MAC MAC

    ID

    (3)

    MAC

    IP MAC

    ID

    ID

    5

    LAN

    IP

    IP

    LAN

    LAN

    - 52 -

    answer-referee-reportsrevised