一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态We speak English.

主语 谓语 宾语

English is spoken by us.

主语 谓语 宾语

宾变主 , 主变宾 , 前加 by

动变被 , 看清 be, 结构分别 be+ pp

主动语态

被动语态

主变被解题步骤 :

1. 找宾语 ---- 即动作的承受者

They make shoes in that factory.

Shoes

2. 判断宾语的单复数 ---- 即 be 动词的单复数 .

are

were

3. 判断动词的时态 ---- 即 be 动词的时态 .

4. 修改谓语的时态 ---- 即原句动词改为过去分词

made

5. 修改原句的主语 ---- 即 by+ 主语 / 宾语 .

by them.

  Tom broke the window.    

The window was broken by Tom.

  Tom broke the windows.    The windows were broken by Tom.

  He broke the windows.    

The windows were broken by him.

一般现在时： am / is / are done一般过去时： was / were done现在进行时： am / is / are being done过去进行时： was / were being done现在完成时： have / has been done过去完成时： had been done一般将来时： shall / will be done ; be going to be done当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 c

an / must / have to…be done

1.They make shoes in that factory.

主语 +及物动词 +宾语

Shoes are made (by them) in that factory.

一般现在时：

S(主语） +am/is /are +过去分词

HeHe rides rides the motorbike to his factory every the motorbike to his factory every day.day.

The motorbike The motorbike is riddenis ridden to his factory every day to his factory every day..

We We call call the snowman Mr Strong.the snowman Mr Strong.

The snowman The snowman is calledis called Mr Strong. Mr Strong.

We usuallyWe usually hear hear himhim play play in the next in the next roomroom..

HeHe isis usually usually heardheard to to playplay in the next room. in the next room.

2. They bought ten computers last term ．

Ten computers were bought (by them) last term.

一般过去时： S+was/were +过去分词

HeHe bought bought his friend some fruits yesterday. his friend some fruits yesterday.

His friend His friend was boughtwas bought some fruits yesterday. some fruits yesterday.

Some fruits Some fruits were boughtwere bought for his friend yesterday. for his friend yesterday.

4 ． Aby can take good care of Tina ．

Tina can be taken good care of by Aby.

情态动词：

S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词

He He can carrycan carry the basket easily. the basket easily.

The basket The basket can becan be easilyeasily carried carried by him. by him.

They They can singcan sing some beautiful songs. some beautiful songs.

Some beautiful songs Some beautiful songs can be sungcan be sung by them. by them.

“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .

““They They must be putmust be put in the fridge.”The dogs in the fridge.”The dogs thought.thought.

3.They will finish the work in ten days.

The work will be finished (by them)

in ten days.

一般将来时：

S+ will+be+过去分词

They They are going to haveare going to have an evening party tomorrow. an evening party tomorrow.

An evening party An evening party is going to be hadis going to be had tomorrow. tomorrow.

Some workers are painting the rooms now ．

The rooms are being painted by some workers now.

现在进行时：

S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词

TheyThey are holdingare holding a sports meeting now.a sports meeting now.

A sports meetingA sports meeting is being heldis being held (by them) now.(by them) now.

We have made twenty more keys ．

Twenty more keys have been made by us.

现在完成时：

S+ have/has + been+过去分词

WorkersWorkers have builthave built the house since two years ago. the house since two years ago.

The house The house has been builthas been built since two years ago. since two years ago.

WeWe had receivedhad received many letters by the end of last week.many letters by the end of last week.

Many lettersMany letters had been receivedhad been received by the end of last week.by the end of last week.

They They would havewould have a party the next day.a party the next day.

A partyA party would be hadwould be had (by them) the next day.(by them) the next day.

1.People use knives for cutting things.

Knives ______ ______ for cutting things.

2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month.

The windows of their classroom______ _______ twice a month.

are used

arecleaned

(变被动语态）七嘴八舌

3.I found the ticket on the floor.

______ ______ ______ ______ on the floor.

4.I told her to return the book in time.

She ______ _______ to return the book in time.

The ticket was found

was told

3. We found the ticket on the floor .

5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day.

He ______ _______ _______ _______ only two meals a day.

6.Now people can use computers to help them.

Now computers _______ ______ ______ to help them.

was made to have

can be

used

7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year?

_______ ______ _______ _______ at this time last time?

8.Must we finish our work today?

_______ our work______ _______ today?

Were many trees planted

Must be finished

9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps.

1) _______ ______ _______ some wonderful stamps.

2) Some wonderful stamps _______ ________ _______ _______.

we were given

were given to us

10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer.

Tom _______ ________ to turn on the computer.

11.In this factory women do most of the work.

Most of the work _______ ________ by women in this factory.

was asked

is done

12.He can mend the bike in two days.

The bike ______ ______ _______ in two days.

13.You must take this medicine three times a day.

This medicine _______ _______ ________ three times a day.

can be mended

must be taken

14.The students in this school study German.

German _______ ________ by the students in this school.

15.Do they often talk about this question?

______ this question often _______ about _______ _______?

is studied

Is

talked

by them

Answer right or wrong• 1. 必须照看好孩子们。• The children must be taken good care .( )• The children must be taken good care of .( )• 2. 这本书是鲁迅写的。• This book was wrote by Lu Xun.( )• This book was written by Lu Xun.( )• 3. 昨天那支笔是他给我的。• That pencil was given me by him yesterday.(

)• That pencil was given to me by him yesterday.

( )

W

R

W

R

W

R

• 4. 这辆自行车能修吗？• Can this bike mended?( )

• Can this bike be mended?( )

• 5. 街道已由他们清理了。• The street has been cleaned by they.( )• The street has been cleaned by them.( )

W

R

W

R

动词短语的被动语态动词短语的被动语态take care of take care of → → be taken be taken care ofcare of

cut down cut down → → be cut downbe cut down

laugh at laugh at → → be laughed atbe laughed at

look after look after → → be looked be looked afterafter

They made shoes in that factory.

They will make shoes in that factory.

They would make shoes in that factory.

They can make shoes in that factory.

They have made shoes in that factory.

They had made shoes in that factory.

They are making shoes in that factory.

They were making shoes in that factory.

１ 带复合宾语的被动语态结构．

（１）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.

Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.

Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.

watch let have

hear see notice

(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.

I saw him playing football at that moment.

He was seen playing football at that moment.

hear / watch /….

We often hear them sing this song.

They are often heard to sing this song (by us).

This song is often heard (by us) to be sung (by them).

Bob sent Kate a letter last year.

=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.

=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.

tell ask bring write

give teach pass lend…to

He told Jim a story.

Mum made me a new dress.

I was made a new dress by Mum.

A new dress was made for me by Mum.

make

buy

draw

…for

I bought my brother a book.

注意 : 约翰打开了收音机。John turned on the radio.

The radio was turned on.

奶奶照看我姐姐。Grandma takes care of my sister.

My sister is taken care of by Grandma.

注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。

We must speak to old people politely.Old people must be spoken to politely.

They said that he would come back soon.

It was said that he would come back soon.

类似的还有：It is reported /

believed /

hoped /

supposed that ......

We report

1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。 如： belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。

* Great changes have taken place in this city.

* That bike doesn’t belong to Mike.

2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态have / fit

I have a TV set.The coat fits me well.

3 ）祈使句一般没有被动语态。

【正】 Look at the blackboard ， please ．

【误】 The blackboard is looked at by you ．

4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态

这鱼味道很好。

这条围巾摸上去很软。

The fish tastes good.

The scarf feels soft.

5. 反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如：

【正】 You must look after yourself ．

【误】 Yourself must be looked after

4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。这书很好卖。

这种布很好洗。

The book sells well.

This kind of cloth washes very well.

这书卖完了。The book is sold out.

这块表需要修理一下。The watch needs mending .

=The watch needs to be mended.=We need to mend the watch.

want

Did he finish the work yesterday?

Were the books taken away by the girl?

Did the girl take away the books?Was the window broken by Tom? ______ Tom______ the window?Did break

Was the work finished by him yesterday ？

Do they often talk about this question?

__ this question often _____ about ___ ___?

Is

talked by them

Doesn’t Bob clean the street every day?_______ the street _________ by Bob every day?

Isn’t cleaned

He told us to get to school early.

Our parents ask us to stay at home at night.

We were told to get to school early by him.

We are asked to stay at home at night.

---Did you go to the party?

---No, I ____________(invite)wasn’t invited

The bridge ______________ in three weeks.

(finish)You can go out if your homework ______(do)

will be finished

is done

This is one of the things that _________(see) that day.

were seen

When was PRC _________(found)?

was seenThis is th only one of the things that _________(see) that day.

founded

You should get your shoes _______(wash) washed