b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

;DdfggLo k|wfgdGqL s]=kL= zdf{ cf]nLåf/f b]zjf;Lsf gfddf

ul/Psf] klxnf] ;Daf]wgsf] k"0f{ kf7cfb/0fLo lbbLalxgL tyf bfh'efOx¿ Û!_ g]kfnsf] gofF ;+ljwfg hf/L ePkZrft\ u7g ePsf] klxnf] ;/sf/sf] k|wfgdGqLsf] ?kdf tkfO+{x?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{ kfpFbf d uf}/jflGjt 5' . jt{dfg ;/sf/ u7gdf k|fKt tkfO{++x¿sf] ulx/f] ljZjf; / Joj:yflksf ;+;b\sf dfggLo ;b:ox¿sf] ;dy{g tyf ;b\efjsf nflu d xflb{s cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' . jt{dfg ;/sf/;Fu /x]sf] cfdhgtfsf] ck]Iff k"/f ug{ / Oltxf;sf] o; dxTjk"0f{ sfnv08df cfkm\gf] sfFwdf cfPsf] lhDd]jf/L ;DkGg ug{ k"0f{¿kn] ;dlk{t /xg] ljZjf; lbnfpg rfxG5' .@_ cg]sf+}+ k|lts"ntfx¿nfO{ lrb}{ ut c;f]h # ut] P]ltxfl;s ;+ljwfg;efaf6 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ePsf] 5 . o; P]ltxfl;s 3f]if0ff;Fu} g]kfnL hgtfsf] nfdf] ;+3if{df k|s6 cfsfª\Iff k"/f ePsf] 5 . ;+3Lo nf]stflGqs u0ftGq, ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfg'kflts ;dfj]lztf, wd{lg/k]Iftfh:tf qmflGt tyf hgcfGbf]ngsf pknlAwx¿ ;+:yfut ePsf 5g\ . lgdf{0f k|lqmof / cGtj{:t' b'j} b[li6af6 g]kfnsf] ;+ljwfg s'g} klg nf]stflGqs b]zsf] ;+ljwfg;Fu t'ngf ubf{ pTs[i6 /x]sf]df xfdL ;a}n] uf}/j ug{;S5f}F . ;+ljwfgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf dfWodaf6 zfGt, nf]stflGqs / ;d[4 g]kfn lgdf{0f ug]{ cfwf/ tof/ ePsf] 5 . zflGt k|lqmof d"ntM k"/f ePsf] 5 / em08} Ps bzs nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfn ;dfKt ePsf] 5 / /fhgLlts ;d:of ;dfwfg ePsf] 5 . o; l;nl;nfdf hLjg pT;u{ ug]{ jL/ ;lxbx?k|lt efjk"0f{ >4f~hnL ck{0f ub{5', cfGbf]ng / ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf Tofu / of]ubfg ub}{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x ug]{ g]tf, sfo{stf{ / hg;d'bfok|lt pRr ;Ddfg k|s6 ub{5' . P]ltxfl;s hgcfGbf]ng / ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rgaf6 k|fKt hgfb]zcg'?k ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f nufotsf cfwf/e"t /fhgLlts sfo{ ;DkGg ePsf] o; dxTjk"0f{ 38Ldf d ;fj{ef}d g]kfnL hgtfnfO{ xflb{s clegGbg ub{5' .

1

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

#_ g]kfn /fi6«n] lbuf] / ;dfj]zL ;+j}wflgs Joj:yfkgsf] cfjZostf / dxTjnfO{ cfTd;ft\ u/]/} ;+ljwfg;efaf6 nf]stflGqs ;+ljwfg lgdf{0f u/]sf] s'/f 5n{Ë} 5. o; ;+ljwfgn] ;a} g]kfnLsf nflu ;dfg clwsf/–;dfg cj;/, a/fa/L ;'/Iff–plQs} ;Ddfg k|Tofe"t u/]sf] 5 . o;/L ;a} hflt,efiff,;+:s[lt, If]q / lnª\usf gful/ssf xs–clwsf/ ;'lglZrt ePsf 5g\ . ljleGg sf/0fn] o'uf}+b]lv k5fl8 k/]sf÷kfl/Psf ;d'bfosf nflu cf}krfl/s ;dfgtf dfq kof{Kt geO{ ;f/k"0f{ ;dfgtf cfjZos 5 eGg] lgisif{sf ;fy ;+ljwfgn] dlxnf, blnt, cflbjf;L hghflt, dw]zL, yf?, cNk;+Vos, ckfª\utf ePsf JolQm, ;LdfGts[t, d'l:nd, lk58f ju{, n}+lus tyf of}lgs cNk;+Vos, >lds, ljkGg ju{sf hgtf / lk5l8Psf If]q nufotsf nflu ;fdflhs Gofo, ;dfg'kflts / ;dfj]zL k|ltlglwTj tyf lzIff, :jf:Yo, /f]huf/L nufotsf If]qdf ljz]if clwsf/x¿sf] Joj:yf u/]sf] 5 . s'g} ;d'bfo ljz]ifsf] ePs} sf/0f ;+ljwfgn] lje]b u/]sf] 5 eg]/ cf/f]k nufpg' of t ;+ljwfgsf] cWoog g} gu/]sf] l:ylt xf] of ;'lgof]lht lsl;dn] ;+ljwfgsf]] ckJofVof u/]/ lglxt /fhgLlts ceLi6 k"/f ug{ vf]Hg' xf] eGg] 7fGb5' . $_ ;+ljwfg ultzLn b:tfj]h ePsf]n] o;df ;'wf/ / ljsf; ub}{ hfg ;lsg] kof{Kt cfwf/x¿ 5g\ . d}n] o;cl3 klg eg]sf] 5' – hgrfxgf, /fli6«o lxt / cf}lrTosf cfwf/df ;+ljwfgdf ;+zf]wg x'g;S5 . To;/L g}, k|:tfljt k|b]zsf ;Ldfx¿ klg cfjZostf / cg'ejsf cfwf/df kl/dfh{g ug{ ;lsG5 . t/fO{ dw]zdf cfGbf]ng/t bnx¿;Fusf] ;dembf/Lsf cfwf/df ;+ljwfg ;+zf]wg ljw]osnfO{ cufl8 a9fpg / k|fb]lzs ;Ldfsf] af/]df 5nkmn / /fhgLlts ;xdltsf cfwf/df ;+ljwfgdf Joj:yf ug{ ;/sf/ tof/ 5 . ctM hf/L jftf{nfO{ l56f]eGbf l56f] ;fy{s kl/0ffddf k'¥ofpg cfGbf]ng/t kIfnfO{ d k'gM cfXjfg ub{5' .%_ ;+ljwfgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf nflu ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf d'Vo e"ldsf v]Ng] k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?sf ;fy} ;+ljwfg;efdf /x]sf ;a} bnx?sf aLr ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ cfjZos 5 eGg] d]/f] wf/0ff /lxcfPsf] 5 . oxL cfjZostfnfO{ af]w u/]/ ;+j}wflgs / /fhgLlts ;+s6af6 b]znfO{ lgsf; lbg tyf ;+ljwfg;efsf] lgjf{rg / tTkZrft\ ;/sf/ u7g ug{ Pj+ ;+ljwfg lgdf{0fdf xfdLn] dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/]sf 5f}+ . ;+ljwfg 3f]if0ffkZrft\ klg ;/sf/nufot /fHosf d'Vo cª\

2

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

ux¿ ;xdlts} cfwf/df u7g ug]{ / d'Vo bnx¿aLrsf] PstfnfO{ sfod /fVb} cufl8 a9\g'k5{ eGg]df xfdLn] hf]8 lbFb} cfPsf xf}+ . o;}cg'?k ;+ljwfg hf/L x'g' w]/} cl3 k|d'v /fhgLlts bnx?sf aLr eb| ;xdlt klg ePsf] lyof] . cfd hgtfsf] rfxgf klg d'Vo bnx¿ ldn]/} cufl8 a9"g\ eGg] lyof] / 5 . To;}n] ;+ljwfgsf] sfof{Gjog, b]zn] ;fdgf ul//x]sf] c3f]lift gfsfaGbLsf] cGTo, /fli6«o :jfwLgtf, ;d[l4, :jfledfgsf] /Iff / e"sDkkl5sf] k'glg{df{0fh:tf /fli6«o cleef/f k"/f ug{ /fhgLlts bnx? aLr ;xdlt / ;xsfo{ sfod x'g]df d}n] ljZjf; lnPsf] 5' .cfb/0fLo bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿ Û^_ tkfO{+x?nfO{ ;+jf]wg ul//x]sf] o; ;dodf g]kfn /fi6« Oltxf;s} r'gf}tLk"0f{ gjlgdf{0fsf] r/0f / ;+j]bgzLn cj:yfaf6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . Pp6f ;fj{ef}d /fi6«n], Jofks hg;xeflutf / nf]stflGqs ljlwcg'?k, hglgjf{lrt ;dfj]zL ;+ljwfg;efåf/f, k|ultzLn, hgd'vL / nf]stflGqs cGtj{:t';lxtsf] ;+ljwfg hf/L ubf{ olt si6, kL8f / gfsfaGbLh:tf] cdfgjLo Jojxf/sf] ;fdgf ug'{knf{ eGg] s'/f cfhsf] PSsfO;f}+ ztfAbLdf sNkgf klg ug{;lsg] s'/f xf]Og . t/ cfh xfdL To:t} csNkgLo kL8f Joxf]g{ afWo ePsf 5f}+ . g]kfnL hgtfsf dxfg\ rf8kj{sf a]nfdf klg hgtfsf] 3/df r'nf] afNg, Ps–csf{sxfF ;xh} k'u]/ dfof / ;b\efj cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;d]t uDeL/ ;d:of ef]Ug'k/]sf] 5 . o;af6 dnfO{ cToGt kL8f ePsf] 5 . o:tf] k|lts"ntfdf klg g]kfnL hgtfn] b]vfPsf] ;+od, ;'ema'em, ;b\efj / si6 ;xg ug]{ Ifdtf ce"tk"j{ / k|z+;gLo 5 . o;sf nflu d x[bob]lv g} cfef/ k|s6 ub{5' .&_ 8]9 dlxgfb]lvsf] c3f]lift gfsfaGbLn] /fli6«o hLjg g} g/fd|/L k|efljt ePsf] 5 . ut j}zfvdf uPsf] ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf nufot kxf8L / lxdfnL e"efusf clwsf+z lhNnfnfO{ lynlynf] agfPsf] lyof] . e"sDksf] sf/0f em08} gf} xhf/ dflg;x?sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] @# xhf/ dflg;x? 3fOt] ePsf / nfvf}+ dflg;x? 3/af/ljxLg ePsf lyP . k|f/lDes cg'dfgcg';f/ ;ft va{eGbf a9L Iflt ePsf] o; k|fs[lts ljklQnfO{ t/fO{–dw]zn] Psxb;Dd y]U5 eGg] ;f]lrPsf] lyof] . t/ ToxfF hf/L] aGb–x8tfn / blIf0fL ;Ldf Onfsfdf ePsf] c3f]lift

3

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

gfsfaGbLaf6 cfly{s, ;fdflhs / dgf]j}1flgs lx;fadf e"sDkaf6 eGbf w]/} u'0ff Iflt k'u]sf] 5 . o;n] t/fO{–dw]zsf hgtfnfO{ ;d]t cfqmfGt t'NofPsf] 5 . *_ ljleGg axfgfdf g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldf gfsfdf cfoft–lgof{t cj?4 ul/Fbf cfh g]kfnn] uDeL/ dfgjLo ;ª\s6sf] ;fdgf ug'{kl//x]sf] 5 . OGwg, cf}iflw, vfBfGg nufot cTofjZosLo j:t'x? af]s]sf ;of}+ 6«sx¿ ef/ttkm{sf] ;LdfIf]qdf /f]lsPsf 5g\ . kmn:j?k OGwg / cf}iflw;d]tsf] cefj eO{ la/fdLx¿sf] hLjg hf]lvddf k/]sf] 5 . /ut ;ª\sng ug]{ Kofs]6x¿sf] sdLn] An8 a}+sx¿df /utsf] cefj ePaf6 ;'Ts]/L / zNolqmof ug'{kg]{ la/fdLx? pRr hf]lvddf k/]sf 5g\ . afnaflnsfx¿sf] hLjg cf}ifwf]krf/ / kf]if0fo'Qm vfgfsf] cefjdf vt/fdf k/]sf] 5 . OGwgsf] cefjdf PDa'n]G;, lrlsT;s / :jf:YosdL{sf ;jf/L ;fwg rNgg;Sg] / cTofjZosLo ;fdu|Lsf] cefjdf c:ktfn g} aGb x'g] tyf OGwgsf] cefjn] kfgL tfGg g;sL To;sf] k"lt{ x'gg;Sg] h:tf] kL8fbfos cj:yf l;h{gf ePsf] 5 . o;/L o'4sf] a]nfdf ;d]t x'g gx'g] ;ª\s6 b]vf k/]sf] 5 . e"sDkn] ljgfzsf] kL8f ef]u]sf] b]zdfly ePsf] o:tf] Jojxf/nfO{ dfgjLo ;+j]bgf ePsf] hf] sf]xLn] klg b'Mvb / cdfgjLo eGg}kg]{ x'G5 . (_ blIf0fL l;dfgfdf ePsf] c3f]lift gfsfaGbLaf6 :jtGq /fi6«sf] ;fj{ef}ldstfsf] ;Ddfg ul/g'kg]{ ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] a8fkq, k~rzLnsf l;4fGtx¿, blIf0f Pl;ofnL If]qLo ;xof]u ;ª\u7gsf] a8fkq Pj+ ;d'b|L sfg'g;DaGwL ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3Lo dxf;lGwn] k|Tofe"t u/]sf] e"kl/j]li7t /fi6«x¿sf] kf/jxg clwsf/, g]kfn–ef/taLr ePsf Jofkf/ / kf/jxg ;lGw Pjd\ b'O{ b]zaLr o'uf}+ k'/fgf] ldqtfk"0f{ ;DaGw tyf b'O{ b]zsf hgtfsf] efjgfsf] cjd"Nog / pNnª\3g ePsf]] 5 . clu|d /sd e'QmfgL eO;s]sf] k]6«f]lnod kbfy{ ;d]t cfk"lt{ gug{] ef/tLo cfon lgudsf] Jojxf/n]] Jofkf/ ;DaGwsf ;fdfGo ;++lxtfsf] ;d]t pNn++3g ePsf]] 5 . g]kfnL e"efudf cj/f]w eof] elgPsf] :yfgaf6 dfq x}g, s'g} ;'/Iff ;d:of gePsf] :yfgaf6 ;d]t cfk"lt{ ;'rf? gx'g'n] dnfO{ ljl:dt t'NofPsf] 5 . o; l:yltn] g]kfn / ef/tsf aLr /x]sf] ;'dw'/ ;DaGw clk|o ePsf]df s'g} z+sf 5}g .

4

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

o;af6 s;}sf] klg lxt gx'g] ePsf]n] o:tf] cj:yf nfdf] ;do;Dd g/xg] / b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;dembf/Laf6 k"j{jt\ l:ylt sfod x'g]5 eGg] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5' . o; lbzfdf xfd|f k|oTg hf/L 5g\ / ldq/fi6« ef/tsf] ;/sf/nfO{ klg o;df of]ubfg ug{ xflb{s cfu|x ub{5' .!)_ t/fO{ dw]zdf hf/L aGb x8tfnsf sf/0f pBf]u–wGwfx¿ aGb x'g', ko{6s cfudgdf sdL cfpg', eG;f/af6 cfoft–lgof{t 7Kk x'g' / pTkflbt j:t'x¿ ahf/;Dd k'Ug g;Sg] cj:yf l;h{gf eO{ e"sDkn] lynlynf] kf/]sf] d'n'ssf] cy{tGq emg\\ a9L ;+s6u|:t ePsf] 5 . pBf]u–Joj;fo aGb x'Fbf / cfofltt j:t'x¿sf nflu caf}{+ ¿k}ofF 8\ofdf]/]h z'Ns ltg'{kbf{ pBdL–Joj;foLx¿n] ef]Ug'k/]sf] kL8faf/] xfdL hfgsf/ 5f}+ . pBf]udf cfl>t nfvf}+ >ldsx¿sf] b}lgs hLjg ;ª\s6df k/]sf] 5 . pTkflbt b"w, t/sf/L / kmnkm"nx¿ ahf/;Dd k'Ug gkfpFbf / dn, aLp tyf kz'kIfLsf nflu cfjZos bfgfnufot j:t'sf] cefjdf ls;fgx¿ 7"nf] dsf{df k/]sf 5g\ . lzIf0f;+:yfx? aGb x'Fbf aL;f}+ nfv afnaflnsfsf] eljio cGwsf/tkm{ ws]lnPsf] 5 . h'g ;d'bfo / If]qsf nflu eg]/ cfGbf]ng ul/Psf] 5 / ;Ldf–eG;f/df cj/f]w l;h{gf ul/Psf] 5 ToxL ;d'bfo / If]qsf hgtf ;a}eGbf 7"nf] df/df k/]sf 5g\ .!!_ xfd|f] b]z g]kfn slxNo} s;}sf] cwLgdf g/x]sf], a'4sf] hGdynf]sf g]kfnLx?n] ljZjo'4sf df]rf{b]lv ;+o'Qm/fi6« ;+3cGtu{t zflGt sfod ug]{ k|To]s cleofgdf dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg u/L ljZj ;d'bfonfO{ u'0f nufPsf 5g\ . g]kfnaf6 ljZjel/ zflGt / aGw'Tjsf] ;Gb]z k|jfx ePsf] 5 . w]/} k'/fgf] ;Eotf / :jtGqtfsf] hLjGt Oltxf; ePsf xfdL g]kfnLx? cToGt hl6n l:yltdf klg cfk\mgf cfGtl/s ;d:ofx? :jo+ g} ;dfwfg ub}{ cfPsf 5f}+ . clxn]sf] sl7gfOnfO{ klg xfdL g]kfnLn] ldn]/ kf/ nufpg'k5{ . !@_c3f]lift gfsfaGbLn] ;jf{lws kL8f e"sDkkLl8tx¿nfO{ ePsf]] 5 . ;fdfGo lqkfn / h:tfkftfd'lg jiff{ofd u'hf/]sf nfvf}+ kLl8tx¿ hf8f] df};d / To;af6 pTkGg x'g;Sg] sl7gfOaf6 q:t 5g\ . gjhft lzz', ;'Ts]/L cfdf / j[4j[4fx¿sf] hLjgdf cfpg;Sg] hf]lvdaf/] ;/sf/ ;+j]bgzLn 5 . pxfFx¿sf nflu ;'/lIft /

5

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

Jojl:yt cfjf; lgdf{0f ug]{ sfd tLj| ?kdf ug'{kg]{df lgdf{0f ;fdu|Lsf] 7"nf] cefj ePsf] 5 . e"sDksf sf/0f em08} kfFr nfv gful/sx¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg ws]lng;Sg] cf+sng ePsf]df gfsfaGbLn] kfg]{ ax'cfoflds c;/sf sf/0f g]kfnsf] cy{tGq yk ;ª\s6u|:t eO{ a9L gful/sx¿ ul/aLsf] /]vfd'lg kg{;Sg] / g]kfnsf] ljsf;–ofqfdf emg\ 7"nf] Iflt x'g;Sg] b]lvPsf] 5 . o;/L e"sDkn] k'¥ofPeGbf a9L cfly{s / ;fdflhs Iflt b]zn] Joxf]g'{kg]{ l:yltk|lt d lgs} uDeL/ ePsf] 5' . !#_ b]zsf] h'g;'s} efu jf ;d'bfosf ;d:ofx? xfdL ;a}sf ;femf ;/f]sf/sf ljifo x'g\ . To;/L g} t/fO{ dw]z;Fu ;DalGwt ljifox? klg xfdL ;a} g]kfnLsf ;femf ljifo x'g\ . ltgsf] plrt ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug'{ g]kfn ;/sf/sf] d'Vo lhDd]jf/L xf] eGg]df d :ki6 5' . /fli6«o lxt / Pstfsf] kIfdf pleg' ;a} g]kfnLsf] st{Jo xf] eGg] d 7fGb5' . t/fO{ dw]zsf hgtfsf] b]zelQm / /fli6«o ;d[l4sf] cfsf+Iffsf] d ;Ddfg ub{5' . t/fO{–dw]zdf eO/x]sf] aGb–x8tfn / To;n] hgtf tyf b]zsf] lxtk|lts"n kf/]sf rf}tkmL{ c;/af/] uDeL/ x'g d cfGbf]ng/t kIfnfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . nfvf}+ ljBfyL{x¿sf] eljio aaf{b x'g], ls;fgx¿sf] hLjg si6s/ x'g], lbgel/ >d u/]/ ;fFemsf] 5fs 6fg'{kg]{ >ldsx¿ ef]sef]s} /xg] / ;dli6df, g]kfnsf] ljsf;df …OlGhgÚsf] e"ldsf v]Ng;Sg] t/fO{–dw]zdf cf}Bf]uLs/0f, afXo nufgL, Jojl:yt ;x/Ls/0f / tLj| cfly{s ljsf;sf ;Defjgfx¿df uDeL/ / bL3{sfnLg k|lts"n c;/ kfg]{ cfGbf]ngaf/] k'glj{rf/ ug{ d xflb{s cfu|x ub{5' . !$_ cfGtl/s dfldnf / dte]bsf ljifodf afXo kIfsf] ;+nUgtf leq\ofpFbf l;h{gf x'g;Sg] hl6ntf / o;sf nflu r'Qmf ug'{kg{] d"Nok|lt ;+j]bgzLn x'g d ;Da4 ;a}sf] Wofgfsif{0f ub{5' . d}n] eGg}k5{ – cfGbf]ngn] t/fO{–dw]zsf ;j{;fwf/0f gful/snfO{ emg} k5fl8 ws]n]sf] 5 . qf;b 6Lsfk'/ 36gf / To;kl5sf lx+;fsf] >[ª\vnfdf k/L ;'/IffsdL{;lxt $& hgfsf] Hofg hfg' Hofb} b'Mvb l:ylt xf] . ;a} d[tsx¿k|lt >4f~hnL tyf zf]s;GtKt kl/jf/hgdf ;dj]bgf k|s6 ub}{ 3fOt]x¿sf] zL3| :jf:Yonfesf] sfdgf ub{5' . d[tssf kl/jf/nfO{ hgxL bz nfv ?k}ofF k|bfg ug]{, 3fOt]x¿sf] lgMz'Ns pkrf/sf]

6

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

Joj:yf ug]{ / uDeL/ ck/fwdf ;+nUg /x]sfx?afx]s cGo ;a}sf d'2fx¿ lkmtf{ lng] k|lqmof k|f/De eO;s]sf] 5 . o:tf] l:yltdf, hghLjgdf yk si6 gk'¥ofpg, ;fdflhs–;fDk|bflos ;b\efj vnalng glbg / s'g} klg k|sf/sf] cltjfbn] v]Ng] 7fpF gkfcf];\ eGg] s'/fdf ;hu x'Fb} cfGbf]ngnfO{ :ylut u/L jftf{sf] dfWodaf6 ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfgdf cy{k"0f{ of]ubfgsf nflu ;Da4 ;a} kIfnfO{ xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5' .!%_cfGbf]ngsf] gfddf eO/x]sf nf]stGqljk/Ltsf ultljlwx?k|lt ;r]t /xg ;a}nfO{ cfu|x ub{5' . hgtfsf] lhpwgsf] /Iff ug]{, ;dfhdf zflGt;'/Iff / cdgr}g sfod ug]{, sfg'gsf] zf;g / dfgjclwsf/sf] k|Tofe"lt, cfw'lgs nf]stflGqs /fHosf k|fylds st{Jo x'g\ eGg] d}n] a'em]sf] 5' / To;sf lglDt d k|lta4 5' . /fHosf] k|efjsf/L pkl:ylt;lxt pBf]u Joj;fosf] ;'/Iff / hgtfnfO{ ;]jf k|bfg ul/g]5 . cfk\mgf] clwsf/sf] k|of]u ubf{ c?sf] clwsf/sf] klg ;Ddfg x'g], ;a}sf] :jtGq cfjfudg / cleJolQm :jtGqtfsf] lgaf{w pkef]u ug]{ jftfj/0f sfod /fVb} lx+;f c/fhstf / cft+sk"0f{ l:yltsf] l;h{gf x'g glbg]tkm{ ;/sf/ ;lqmo /xg]5 . bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿ Û!^_ c3f]lift gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f l;lh{t ;d:ofnfO{ ;dfwfg ug{ ;/sf/ cxf]/fq vl6/x]sf] oyfy{;Fu tkfO{+x¿ kl/lrt x'g'x'G5 . ljutsf sltko q'l6k"0f{ lg0f{ox¿, ldq/fi6«x¿;Fusf] ;DaGw ;~rfngdf /x]sf ;d:of / xfd|f] cNkljsf;sf] l:yltsf sf/0f xfdL clt k/lge{/ / Pp6} d'n's tyf lglZrt gfsfx¿df a9L cfl>t /x]5f}+ eGg] s'/f o;k6s :ki6 ePsf] 5 . cfTdlge{/tf xf]Og k/lge{/tf / ;Gt'lnt Pj+ ljljwtfk"0f{ Jofkf/ ;DaGw xf]Og, c;Gt'lnt / PstkmL{ Jofkf/ ;DaGw xfdLn] ef]Ub} cfPsf] …lgoltÚ /x]5 eGg] s'/f o; 36gfn] :ki6 kf/]sf] 5 . o;af6 ca xfd|f cfFvf v'Ng'k5{ / kf7 l;Sg'k5{ . o; …lgoltÚnfO{ cj;/df abNb} :jfwLg / cfTdlge{/ cy{tGq lgdf{0f ug]{tkm{ nfUg' xfd|f] k|d'v bfloTj x'g]5 .!&_ ;ª\s6sf] o; 38Ldf xfdLn] cfkt\sfnLg ;xof]usf nflu u/]sf] cg'/f]wnfO{ :jLsfb}{] ldq/fi6« rLgn] cg'bfg:j?k OGwg k|bfg u/]sf]df xflb{s wGojfb lbg rfxG5' . ;lbof}+b]lv xfd|f] Jofkfl/s ;fem]bf/ /xFb} cfPsf]

7

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

rLg;Fu ;dofg's"n Jofkf/ lj:tf/ ub}{ g]kfnnfO{ cfjZos kg]{ k]6«f]lnod kbfy{nufotsf j:t'x? cfoft ug]{ lbzfdf ;/sf/n] k|oTg ug{]5 . rLg;Fu hf]l8Psf g]kfntkm{sf ;8s :t/f]Gglt ul/g]5 . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cfoftsf nflu cGo ldq/fi6«x¿;Fusf] kxnnfO{ cl3 a9fOg]5 .!*_ d :ki6 kfg{ rfxG5' – of] lg0f{o s'g} b]zsf lj?4 nlIft xf]Og, g]kfnsf] Jofkf/ ;DaGwnfO{ ljljwtfo'Qm / ;Gt'lnt agfpg] sbd xf] . g]kfn clxn] Jofkf/3f6f / c;Gt'ngsf] ef/Ln] lylrPsf] 5 . xfdL ldq/fi6« ef/t;Fu e"kl/j]li7t /fi6«sf x}l;otn] ;d'b|;Ddsf] kx'Frsf] xs tyf lgaf{w kf/jxg clwsf/ s'l07t gx'g] / j:t'x¿sf] cfoft lgof{tdf s'g} k|lts"n c;/ gkg]{ u/L b'O{ b]zaLr P]ltxfl;s ;DaGwnfO{ ljsf; ug{ rfxG5f}+ . !(_ k/lge{/tf / k/fl>t cj:yfsf] cGTo ug{ ;/sf/n] cfTdlge{/tflt/ ;fy{s / kl/0ffdd'vL kxn ug]{5 . ;/sf/sf] ;jf]{kl/ hf]8 :jR5 / gjLs/0fLo pmhf{sf] ljsf;åf/f cfTdlge{/ aGg] s'/fdf /xg]5 . Ps jif{;Dddf nf]8;]l8ªsf] cGTo ub}{ ljB'tLo tyf h}ljs pmhf{åf/f vfgf ksfpg] / Uof;dflysf] lge{/tfnfO{ Go"g ug]{ 3f]if0ff d}n] ul/;s]sf] 5' . o;sf nflu ;/sf/n] rfn" hnljB't\ cfof]hgf / k|;f/0fnfOgx¿sf] lgdf{0f b|'tultdf ;DkGg ug]{, ;fgf / demf}nf cfof]hgfdf nufgL ug{ rfxg]x¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbg], ljB't\ vl/b ;Demf}tfnfO{ ;xh?kdf cufl8 a9fpg] / gjLs/0fLo pmhf{nfO{ pRr k|fyldstf lbg]5 . ;f}o{ pmhf{sf dfWodaf6 Ps jif{df @)) d]ufjf6 ljB't\ pTkfbg u/L /fli6«o k|;f/0fnfOgdf hf]l8g]5 . ;]gf, k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/Lsf Aof/]sx¿, ljBfno / xf]:6]nx¿, sf/fuf/ nufotsf :yfgdf h}ljs Uof; / pmhf{ pTkfbg ug{ tTsfn sfd ;'? ul/g]5 . kmf]xf]/af6 pmhf{ pTkfbgsf nflu 7f]; sbd rflng]5 . lhof] yd{n Knf06nufot pmhf{sf cGo j}slNks pkfox?sf] ;DefJotf cWoog u/L sfd cufl8 a9fOg]5 . ljB'tLo r'nf]sf] pTkfbg tyf k|of]unfO{ k|f]T;fxg lbOg]5 . ;x/L If]qdf ljB'tLo ;fj{hlgs ;jf/L;fwgx?nfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbFb} lskmfotL / ljB'tLo ;jf/L;fwgsf] k|of]u a9fpg 7f]; of]hgf / sfo{qmd NofOg]5 . sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf ljB'tLo

8

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

d]6«f]–/]n ;~rfngsf] nflu tof/L sfo{ tTsfn cl3 a9fOg]5 . tTsfnLg / bL3{sfnLg b[li6n] OGwg e08f/0f Ifdtf j[l4 ul/g]5 . k]6«f]lnod kbfy{sf] cGj]if0fdf ljutdf ;'? ul/Psf] sfdnfO{ tLj|tf lbOg]5 . ;/sf/n] ldtJolotfsf] gLlt cjnDag ug]{5 . cfd g]kfnL lbbLalxgL / bfh'efOx¿nfO{ ;ª\s6sf] o; 38Ldf / kl5 klg :jb]zL pTkfbg j[l4 ug{ / ;Dej eP;Dd :jb]zL pTkfbg k|of]u ug{, OGwgsf] k|of]udf kmf/f]ltgf] ug{ / b'Mvsf] a]nfdf Ps csf{nfO{ ;xof]u ug{ d cfu|x ub{5' .@)_s[lifk|wfg d'n's eP/ klg vfBfGg, t/sf/L / df;'nufotsf s[lifhGo j:t'x?df lg/Gt/ afXo lge{/tf a9\b} hfg' lj8Dagf xf] . o:tf] l:yltnfO{ cGTo ug{ v]tLof]Uo hldg afFemf] g/fVg] gLlt lnO{ s[lif ;xsf/L, s[ifs ;d"x / JolQmut ¿kdf v]tL ul//x]sf ls;fgx¿nfO{ k|f]T;fxgsf nflu ;/sf/n] tTsfn gofF of]hgf cufl8 a9fpg]5 . cfufdL b'O{ jif{leqdf cfwf/e"t vfBj:t'x?df cfTdlge{/ x'g] sfo{of]hgf ;/sf/n] Nofpg]5 . @!_ljgfzsf/L e"sDkn] /fli6«o cy{tGqdf 7"nf] c;/ u/]sf] 5 . Joj:yflksf–;+;b\df ljrf/fwLg k'glg{df{0f;DaGwL ljw]os oyfzL3| kfl/t ub}{ k'glg{df{0f k|flws/0f tTsfn u7g ul/g]5 . ldq/fi6« / bft[lgsfox?sf] ;xof]udf k'glg{df{0f sfo{nfO{ tLj|ultdf cufl8 a9fpg ;/sf/ k|lta4 5 . e"sDk kLl8t hgtfsf nflu cfjf;, Wj:t ;/sf/L / ;fj{hlgs ;+/rgfx? tyf k'/ftflTjs dxTjsf ;f+:s[lts ;Dkbfx?sf] k'glg{df{0fsf] sfd tTsfn cf/De ug{ ;/sf/ b[9 5 . o; ;Gbe{df e"–pkof]u gLltsf] sfof{Gjog ul/g]5 . :jo+;]jL efjgf, :jb]zL ;fwg–;|f]tsf] k|of]u / hg;xeflutfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . @@_ æg]kfnL of]hgf, cGt/f{li6«o ;fy M /fHosf] g]t[Tj, x/]s g]kfnLsf] xftÆ k'glg{df{0fsf] d"ndGq x'g]5 . 3/jf/ljxLg kLl8tx¿nfO{ ;'/lIft cf>odf kmsf{pg] sfdnfO{ d'Vo k|fyldstfdf /flvg]5 . ut c;f/df ;DkGg cGt/f{li6«o bft[;Dd]ngdf ldq/fi6« Pj+ cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfoaf6 k|s6 ePsf] ;xof]u, ;bfzo / ;b\efjnfO{ k'glg{df{0fdf kl/rfng ul/g]5 . o; cleofgdf klg :jo+;]jL efjgf, :jb]zL ;fwg;|f]tsf] k|of]u, /fHosf] g]t[Tj / hg;xeflutfnfO{ ljz]if k|fyldstf lbOg]5 . k'glg{df{0f / ljsf;sf k|of;x? cl3 a9fpFbf jftfj/0fsf]

9

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

;'/Iffdf Wofg lbOg]5 . ljZjsf] kof{j/0fdf cfO/x]sf] kl/jt{g / To;k|lt xfd|f] hfu?stf / jt{dfg tyf eljiok|ltsf] lhDd]jf/L af]waf6 d k|]l/t 5' .@#_ e"sDkaf6 kLl8t kl/jf/nfO{ zL3| k'g:yf{kgf ug{ o;cl3 ;/sf/n] /fxt :j?k ljt/0f ug{ 3f]if0ff ul/Psf] k|ltkl/jf/ b'O{ nfv /sdsf] klxnf] ls:tf tTsfn pknAw u/fOg]5 . o;afx]s u|fdL0f If]qdf cfjf; lgdf{0fsf nflu ;fd"lxs hdfgLdf ljQLo ;+:yfx?af6 C0f pknAw u/fpg] Joj:yf ul/g]5 . lxdfnL / pRr kxf8L If]qdf hf8f]ofdd} pkof]u ug{;lsg] u/L c:yfoL 6x/fx? lgdf{0f ul/g]5 . k|fs[lts hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f tyf ljkb\ Joj:yfkgsf sfo{qmdx?nfO{ dxTjsf ;fy cl3 a9fOg]5 . k'glg{df{0fsf] o; cleofgnfO{ 5f]6f] ;doleq ;DkGg ug{ ;a}sf] ;fy, ;xof]u / lqmofzLntfsf nflu d xflb{s cfXjfg ub{5' . @$_nfdf] aGb x8tfn / gfsfaGbLn] ;du| cy{tGqdf k/]sf] k|lts"n c;/sf sf/0f ljsf; lgdf{0fdf ePsf] ;':ttf / /fh:j c;'nLdf sdL cfPsf] sf/0f /fHo sf]ifdfly ef/ kl//x]s} 5 . t/ klg, e"sDk, nfdf] aGb x8tfn / gfsfaGbLsf sf/0f sl7gfO ef]lu/x]sf pBf]u, Joj;fo / ko{6g If]qsf ;d:of ;dfwfg ug{ / /fxt lbg ;/sf/n] 7f]; gLlt / sfo{of]hgf cufl8 ;fg]{5 . ;+ljwfg hf/L eP;Fu} ;'? ePsf x8tfn aGb / gfsfaGbLn] cy{tGqdf kf/]sf] c;/sf] oyfy{ lrq0f / ;/sf/sf] cfufdL sfo{lbzfaf/] g]kfn ;/sf/, cy{ dGqfnon] l56\6} Zj]tkq ;fj{hlgs ug]{5 . @%_ xfn pTkGg ljifd kl/l:yltdf s[lif, pBf]u, ko{6g, lgdf{0f, lzIff tyf :jf:Yo nufotsf If]qx?df kl//x]sf] k|lts"n c;/nfO{ Wofgdf /fvL tTsfnLg /fxt;lxtsf] k'g?Tyfg sfo{qmd ;/sf/n] cl3 a9fpg]5 . cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf c;xhtfsf] df}sf 5f]kL s[lqd cefj l;h{gf ug]{ / sfnf]ahf/L ug]{ k|j[lQnfO{ lgoGq0f ub}{ cfk"lt{ ;xh t'Nofpg ;/sf/L ;+:yfgx?sf] kl/rfng;Fu} lghL If]qnfO{ klg pTk]|l/t ul/g]5 . OGwg cfk"lt{ / j}slNks pmhf{sf nflu hg:t/af6 ul/Psf k|of;x?nfO{ k|f]T;flxt ul/g]5 .@^_ g]kfn ;/sf/n] xfn;Dd cjnDag u/]sf ljsf; /0fgLltsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ul/g]5 . g]kfnsf] ljsf; / ;d[l4sf nflu o;cl3 cf/De ul/Psf k'iknfn -dWokxf8L_

10

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

nf]sdfu{, x'nfsL dfu{, lqe'jg cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:ynsf] lj:tf/ / :t/f]Gglt ug'{sf ;fy} lghu9df cGt/f{li6«o ljdfg:yn tyf sf7df8f}+–t/fO{ dw]z b|'tdfu{ lgdf{0f nufotsf /fli6«o uf}/jsf cfof]hgfx?nfO{ cl3 a9fOg]5 . o;sf ;fy} k"j{–klZrd nf]sdfu{nfO{ rf/ n]gsf] agfpg], sf7df8f}+ pkTosf / cGo 7"nf ;x/x?df ;/;kmfO sfo{qmdnfO{ h}ljs pmhf{ pTkfbg;Fu hf]8]/ ;~rfng ug]{, ljB't\sf] pkof]unfO{ lgoldt ug{ k"j{e'QmfgL ld6/ k|0ffnL nfu" ug]{, sf7df8f+}nufotsf ;x/x?df ljB'tLo d]6«f] ;]jf rnfpg], ljB'tLo /]n;]jf ;LdfjtL{ If]q;Fu ;d]t hf]8\g] u/L ;~rfng ug]{ h:tf sfdx? cl3 a9fpg ;/sf/ lqmofzLn /xg]5 . 3/]n', ;fgf, de\mof}nf / 7"nf pBf]u Joj;fosf] ljsf; / k'glg{df{0fsf sfdnfO{ tLj|tf lbO{ :jb]zd} /f]huf/L l;h{gf u/L g]kfnL hgzlQmnfO{ g]kfnd} sfd lbnfpg k|of; ul/g]5 . t/fO{ dw]z nufot lk5l8Psf If]q, ljkGg ju{ / ;d'bfosf dflg;x?nfO{ kl/rokq ljt/0f u/L pgLx?sf] pTyfgsf nflu ljz]if sfo{qmd ;~rfng ul/g] 5 . /fli6«o kl/rokqsf] ljt/0f ;'? ul/g]5 .@&_ /fHo–k|0ffnL Pp6f ;+/rgfaf6 csf]{ ;+/rgfdf ;+qmd0f ul//x]sf] cj:yfdf lghfdtL ;]jf / ;'/Iff lgsfosf] Joj:yfkg, sd{rf/Lx?sf] ;'/Iff / j[lQ ljsf; tyf cfjZos e"ldsfnfO{ ;/sf/n] pko'Qm ?kdf ;Daf]wg ug]{5 .@*_ pko'{Qm sfdx? ;DkGg ug{ cfly{s jif{sf] k|yd rft'df{l;s cjlw ;dfKt eO;s]sf] l:yltdf ;/sf/sf ;fd' uDeL/ r'gf}tLx? /x]sf]tkm{ d ;r]t 5' . t/ hgtf / b]zsf] lxtdf lglb{i6 nIo xfl;n ug{ ;a} ;Defjgfx?sf] vf]hL / kl/rfng ug'{ cfjZos 5 eGg] d]/f] b[li6sf]0f /x]sf] 5 . @(_ nfdf] ;ª\qmd0fsfn, åGå / sltko ;ª\sL0f{ lrGtg÷Jojxf/sf sf/0f sdhf]/ eO/x]sf] /fli6«o PstfnfO{ alnof] agfpFb} ;/sf/n] ;fj{ef}d;Qf, :jfwLgtf, ef}uf]lns cv08tf, /fli6«o lxt / :jfledfgnfO{ s]Gb|ljGb'df /fv]/ sfd ug]{5 . g]kfnsf] ax'hftLo, ax'eflifs, ax';f+:s[lts, ax'wfld{s / ef}uf]lns ljljwtfdf ;fdflhs ;b\efj;lxtsf] /fli6«o PstfnfO{ ;Dj4{g ul/g]5 .cfb/0fLo bfh'efO tyf lbbLalxgLx¿ Û#)_ xfdL l5d]sL ef/t / rLg nufot ;a} ldq/fi6«x¿;Fu ;+o'Qm /fi6«;+3sf] a8fkq / k~rzLnsf l;4fGtsf] cfwf/df

11

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

kf/:kl/s ;dfgtf / lxtsf] gLltcg'?k ;'dw'/ ;DaGw /fVg rfxG5f}+ . xfd|f] /fli6«otf / /fi6«jfbsf] d"ntTj xfd|f cfwf/e"t /fli6«o lxtx¿sf] ;+/If0f / kIfkf]if0f xf] . g]kfn s'g} klg b]zk|lt s6'tf of b'ef{j /fVb}g . xfd|f] ;+j]bgzLn e"/fhgLlts cjl:yltk|lt xfdL ;hu 5f}+ . s'g} klg k|s[ltsf cfk;L c;dembf/L jftf{sf] dfWodåf/f xn ug{;lsg]df xfdL lj:j:t 5f}+ . #!_ g]kfn ;a} k|sf/sf cft+sjfbsf] lj?4df 5 . xfn} k|mfG;sf] /fhwfgL k]l/;df ePsf] sfo/tfk"0f{ cft+sjfbL cfqmd0fsf] d lgGbf ub{5' / d}n] ldq/fi6« k|mfG;sf hgtfk|lt ToxfFsf /fi6«klt dxf]bodfkm{t ;dj]bgf k|s6 ul/;s]sf] 5'. #@_ l5d]sL ldq/fi6«x?af6 ePsf pRr:t/Lo e|d0f tyf e"sDksf] ;dodf k|blz{t ;xof]u / ;b\efjnfO{ dxTjsf ;fy :d/0f ub}{ jt{dfg cj:yfdf dfgjLo ;+s6 cfpg glbg zflGt, k'glg{df{0f / cfly{s ;d[l4sf nflu l5d]sL nufot ;a} ldq/fi6«x¿;Fu cfu|x ub{5' . d}n] eGb} cfPsf] 5'– d'n'sx¿ hg;ª\Vof of e"uf]nsf cfwf/df 7"nf of ;fgf x'g;S5g\, t/ ;fj{ef}d;Qf / /fli6«o :jfledfg ;fgf] of 7"nf] x'g;Sb}g . xfdL rfxG5f}+ – xfd|f] ;fj{ef}d;Qfsf] sb/ xf];\, g]kfnL hgtfn] cfkm\gf nflu ;+ljwfg agfpg]nufot cfkm\gf d'2fx¿sf] km};nf cfkm}F ug{ kfpg] clwsf/ / g]kfnsf] /fli6«o :jfwLgtf, :jtGqtf / ef}uf]lns cv08tfsf] ;Ddfg xf];\ . g]kfnn] Tof]eGbf a9L of Tof]eGbf sd s]xL rfx]sf] 5}g .##_ut Ps jif{df g]kfn–ef/t cfly{s ;DaGwnfO{ b"/ufdL k|efj kfg]{ s]xL dxTjk"0f{ / ;sf/fTds lg0f{ox¿ ePsf 5g\ . o;df ljB't\ Jofkf/ ;Demf}tf, dflyNnf] s0ff{nL / c?0f t];|f] hnljB't\ cfof]hgf;DaGwL kl/of]hgf ljsf; ;Demf}tf / nfdf] ;dob]lv cj?4 k~r]Zj/ kl/of]hgf;DaGwL ;dembf/Lx¿ /x]sf 5g\ . o;n] g]kfn ef/t;Fu s;/L cfly{s ;fem]bf/L ug{ rfxG5 eGg] ;ª\s]t u5{ . t/ xfn}sf] l:yltn] b'O{ b]zaLr ljsl;t cfly{s ;fem]bf/L / ljsf;sf ;Defjgf tyf b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwdf uDeL/ gsf/fTds c;/ k/]sf] 5 . ef/taf6 t]n cfk"lt{ gx'Fbf ;jf/L;fwgsf] cefjdf lzIffno aGb eO{ k9fO /f]lsPsf] eGg] cg'e"lt u/]sf ;Gtltx?df

12

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

b'O{ b]zaLrsf] ;DaGwaf/] s:tf] dgf]lj1fg lgdf{0f xf]nf – ;xh} cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . To;}n] d ldq/fi6« ef/tsf] ;/sf/ / ;Da4 clwsf/Lx¿;Fu c3f]lift gfsfaGbL tTsfn cGTo u/L cTofjZos j:t'x¿sf] cfk"lt{ ;'rf? ug{ / b'O{ b]zaLrsf] o'uf}+ k'/fgf] ;DaGwdf yk k|lts"ntf pTkGg x'g glbg g]kfn ;/sf/ / ;du| g]kfnL hgtfsf tkm{af6 hf]8bf/ cfu|x ub{5' . b'O{ b]zsf aLr ePsf pRr:t/Lo e|d0fsf a]nf k|s6 ;b\efj / P]ltxfl;s ;Gbe{sf] :d/0f ub}{ cljZjf; / z+sfsf] l:ylt ;dfKt u/L ;dembf/L a9fpg cfk\mgf] tkm{af6 of]ubfg ug{ xfdL tTk/ 5f}+ . o; ;Gbe{df g]kfn ;/sf/sf pkk|wfg tyf k//fi6«dGqLn] ug'{ePsf] ef/t e|d0f / d :jo+n] pRr txdf u/]sf ;+jfbsf] :d/0f ug{ rfxG5' . #$_ g]kfnsf] zflGtk|lqmof ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3sf] ;d]t ;xeflutfdf lgisif{df k'u]sf] ;kmn zflGtk|lqmof xf] . åGåsf] qmddf ePsf uDeL/ dfgj clwsf/ pNnª\3gsf 36gfx¿sf] cg';Gwfg / ;dfhdf d]nldnfksf] jftfj/0f lgdf{0f ug{ lj:t[t zflGt;Demf}tfn] kl/sNkgf u/]sf] ;Tolg¿k0f tyf d]nldnfk cfof]u tyf a]kQf JolQmx¿;DaGwL 5fglag cfof]u u7g eO{ sfd cufl8 al9;s]sf] 5 . b08xLgtfsf] cGTo ug{ g]kfn ;/sf/ k|lta4 5 / g]kfn kIf/fi6« ePsf ;a} cGt/f{li6«o dxf;lGw / cg'aGwx¿sf] kl/kfng ug{ / dfgjclwsf/sf] /Iff ug{ b[9 5 . #%_ /fli6«o ;ª\s6sf] o; 38Ldf g]kfnL hgtfn] b]vfPsf] w}o{, b]zelQm / /fli6«o :jfledfgsf] km]l/ Psk6s d x[bob]lv g} k|z+;f ub{5' . e"sDkkl5sf] ;+s6df h:t} olta]nf klg ;xof]uL xftx¿ h;/L cufl8 a9]sf 5g\, To;n] ljlzi6 g]kfnL ;+:s[lt / g]kfnLkgnfO{ cleJoQm u/]sf] 5 . x/]s /fi6«sf cufl8 Oltxf;df o:tf r'gf}tL cfpF5g\, h;nfO{ kf/ u/]/ g} s'g} klg /fi6« :jfledfgL, cfTdlge{/, /fli6«o dgf]an / ul/dfo'Qm aGbf] /x]5 . g]kfn cfh Oltxf;sf] o:t} sfnv08af6 u'lh|/x]sf] 5 . dnfO{ ljZjf; 5, tkfO{+x?sf] ulx/f] ljZjf; / ldq/fi6«x¿sf] ;fy / ;dy{gdf cfh xfdLn] ef]lu/x]sf] o; ;ª\s6dfly ljho k|fKt ug{;Sg]5f}+ . o; cj;/df d ;ª\s6sf a]nf xfdLk|lt ;b\efj, ;dy{g / P]Soa4tf k|s6 ug{] ldq/fi6«x?, ;+o'Qm /fi6«;ª\3 nufotsf

13

b]zjf;Lsf] gfddf ;Daf]wg

cGt/f{li6«o ;+:yf / ;~rf/dfWodx?k|lt cfef/ JoQm ug{ rfxG5' . /fi6«;]js sd{rf/L, g]kfnL ;]gf, g]kfn k|x/L / ;z:q k|x/L an g]kfn tyf ;~rf/dfWodn] sl7g df]8x?df v]n]sf] ;sf/fTds e"ldsfsf] k|z+;f ub}{ ;a}k|lt cfef/ JoQm ub{5' . #^_ljgfzsf/L e"sDkkl5sf] k'g:yf{kgf / gjlgdf{0f cleofg ;~rfng ug'{kg{] ;+j]bgzLn sfnv08df of] ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] 5 . ;+ljwfgsf s]xL ljifox?nfO{ lnP/ t/fO{ dw]zdf lj/f]w / c;Gt'li6 /x]sf], c3f]lift gfsfaGbL eO{ cfk"lt{ Joj:yfdf ;d:of pTkGg ePsf] / zflGt ;'/Iff vNaNofpg] lqmofsnfk eO/x]sf] l:yltdf ;/sf/ u7g ePsf] ;j{ljlbt 5 . t;y{ of] ;fdfGo cj:yfdf ag]sf] ;/sf/ xf]Og . o;sf] e"ldsf;Fu ;/sf/df cfa4 bnx¿sf] dfq} xf]Og, l;ª\u} b]zsf] eljio ufFl;Psf] 5 eGg] s'/fdf d ;r]t 5' . ;/sf/n] cufl8 a9fPsf] /fli6«o :jfledfg, :jfwLgtf, /fli6«o cfTd;Ddfg, gjlgdf{0f / cfTdlge{/tfsf] ljifo k|wfgdGqL of ;/sf/sf] dfq ;/f]sf/sf] ljifo xf]Og, l;ª\u} d'n'ssf] ljifo xf] . o; P]ltxfl;s cleef/fnfO{ jxg ug{ ;/sf/ ;Dk"0f{ lgi7f, ;dk{0f / Ifdtfsf ;fy nfUg]5 . xfdLn] o; r'gf}tL tyf ;ª\s6nfO{ l;h{gf, cfTdlge{/tf / :jfledfgtkm{sf] ;fy{s ofqflt/ ¿kfGtl/t ug]{5f}+ eGg] s'/fdf d ljZj:t 5' .

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14