图书情报专题研究

最新学科研究热点与前沿2012年第 2期

西北工业大学图书馆2012年 7月

前 言

《图书情报专题研究》的宗旨是为我校师生开展学术研究提供有价值的参考信息。此项工作由图书馆信息咨询与情报研究部承担，根据学校所购买的数字资源，通过分析其深层次的功能，从数据库中组织整理出了与我校学科领域相关的最新学科热点研究论文、最新研究前沿及最新国际会议信息等，以期能对我校师生开展学术研究、项目立项、开题等学术研究活动提供帮助。

本期，我们收集整理了如下八个方面的热点文献和前沿信息： 1.. Elsevier Science Direct Top 25，Elsevier 数据库下载次数最多的 25 篇论文（材料类）。 2.. Elsevier Science Direct Top 25，Elsevier 数据库下载次数最多的 25 篇论文（工程类）。 3. IEL Top20，IEL 数据库下载最多的 20 篇论文。 4. ACM 最新会议。根据 ACM 主页所提供的最新会议信息整理所得，可供研究者参考未来将要召开的会议内容等信息。 5. AIAA 最新会议，由 AIAA 主站提供的最新会议信息，以供研究者参考所用。 6.IEEE 最新会议，由 IEEE 主站提供的最新会议信息，供相关研究者参考使用。 7. SCI Essential Science Indicators HOT PAPERS ， SCI Essential Science

Indicators 提供的最近两年的热点文章，其排名根据文章的被引频次。

8. Nature Advance Online Publication，Nature 周刊预先提供浏览未出版的最新文章。

( 注 ： 最 新 热 点 研 究 论 文 （ New Hot Papers ） 和 最 新 研 究 前 沿 （ Fast

Moving Fronts）由于来源网站内容尚未更新，本期未提供，请谅解)

如果您对我们的栏目设置、内容编排、出版方式等有好的意见和建议，欢迎与我们联系，我们将积极采纳，使这份电子刊物日臻完善。

图书馆

2012 年 7 月

II

目 录

一、Elsevier Science Direct Top 25 (材料类)...........................................1

二、Elsevier Science Direct Top 25 (工程类).........................................11

三、IEL Top20.........................................................................................22

四、ACM 最新会议................................................................................30

五、AIAA 最新会议...............................................................................32

六、IEEE 最新会议.................................................................................38

七 、 SCI Essential Science Indicators HOT PAPERS （ MATERIALS

SCIENCE）.............................................................................................39

八、Nature Advance Online Publication.................................................48

一、Elsevier Science Direct Top 25 (材料类)

（来源：http://www.sciencewatch.com/）

1. 题名：Combinatorial performance characteristics of agitated nickel hypophosphite electroless plating baths 出处：Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 211, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 1488-1499作者：Bulasara, V.K.; Thakuria, H.; Uppaluri, R.; Purkait, M.K. 摘要：In this article, we present the combinatorial performance characteristics of agitated sodium hypophosphite electroless plating baths. Various performance characteristics assessed include bath conversion, plating efficiency, selective conversion, metal film thickness, average pore size, effective porosity and percent pore densification (PPD). Bath agitation was brought forward by rotating a symmetric disk shaped porous ceramic substrate with a nominal pore size of 275 nm. The plating characteristics were investigated for wide range of nickel solution concentrations (0.04–0.16 mol/L), stirrer speed (0–200 rpm) and for two different loading ratios (defined as substrate surface area per unit volume of plating solution) values (196 and 393 cm2/L). It was evaluated that stirring had a profound effect on sodium hypophosphite based electroless nickel baths, which are characterized with lower conversions (10–39%) and higher plating efficiencies (62–99%) without stirring phenomena. The stirred plating baths provided about 20–56% excess nickel plating rate when compared to the baths without stirring. This lead to a reduction in average membrane pore size by 20–42 nm and an enhancement in percent pore densification values by about 2–7%. Further, higher concentrations as high as 0.16 mol/L have been found to be detrimental to reduce the metal plating efficiency to lower values (42%). Observed data trends confirm upon the urgent need to identify suitable mass transfer enhancement techniques that target enhancement in selective conversion while providing good values of plating efficiency and PPD.

2. 题名：Graphene based materials: Past, present and future 出处：Progress in Materials Science, Volume 56, Issue 8, October 2011, Pages 1178-1271作者：Singh, V.; Joung, D.; Zhai, L.; Das, S.; Khondaker, S.I.; Seal, S. 摘要：Graphene, a two dimensional monoatomic thick building block of a carbon allotrope, has emerged as an exotic material of the 21st century, and received world-wide attention due to its exceptional charge transport, thermal, optical, and mechanical properties. Graphene and its

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derivatives are being studied in nearly every field of science and engineering. Recent progress has shown that the graphene-based materials can have a profound impact on electronic and optoelectronic devices, chemical sensors, nanocomposites and energy storage. The aim of this review article is to provide a comprehensive scientific progress of graphene to date and evaluate its future perspective. Various synthesis processes of single layer graphene, graphene nanoribbons, chemically derived graphene, and graphene-based polymer and nano particle composites are reviewed. Their structural, thermal, optical, and electrical properties were also discussed along with their potential applications. The article concludes with a brief discussion on the impact of graphene and related materials on the environment, its toxicological effects and its future prospects in this rapidly emerging field.

3. 题 名 ： Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical applications 出处：Biomaterials, Volume 26, Issue 18, June 2005, Pages 3995-4021作者：Gupta, A.K.; Gupta, M. 摘要：Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with appropriate surface chemistry have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, immunoassay, detoxification of biological fluids, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation, etc. All these biomedical and bioengineering applications require that these nanoparticles have high magnetization values and size smaller than 100 nm with overall narrow particle size distribution, so that the particles have uniform physical and chemical properties. In addition, these applications need special surface coating of the magnetic particles, which has to be not only non-toxic and biocompatible but also allow a targetable delivery with particle localization in a specific area. To this end, most work in this field has been done in improving the biocompatibility of the materials, but only a few scientific investigations and developments have been carried out in improving the quality of magnetic particles, their size distribution, their shape and surface in addition to characterizing them to get a protocol for the quality control of these particles. Nature of surface coatings and their subsequent geometric arrangement on the nanoparticles determine not only the overall size of the colloid but also play a significant role in biokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles in the body. The types of specific coating, or derivatization, for these nanoparticles depend on the end application and should be chosen by keeping a particular application in mind, whether it be aimed at inflammation response or anti-cancer agents. Magnetic nanoparticles can bind to drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleotides and can be directed to an organ, tissue, or tumour using an external magnetic field or can be heated in alternating magnetic fields for use in hyperthermia. This review discusses the synthetic chemistry, fluid stabilization and surface modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their use for above biomedical applications.

4. 题 名 ： Biodegradable synthetic polymers: Preparation, functionalization and biomedical application 出处：Progress in Polymer Science, Volume 37, Issue 2, February 2012, Pages 237-280作者：Tian, H.; Tang, Z.; Zhuang, X.; Chen, X.; Jing, X.

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摘 要 ： Biodegradable polymers have been widely used and have greatly promoted the development of biomedical fields because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. The development of biotechnology and medical technology has set higher requirements for biomedical materials. Novel biodegradable polymers with specific properties are in great demand. Biodegradable polymers can be classified as natural or synthetic polymers according to the source. Synthetic biodegradable polymers have found more versatile and diverse biomedical applications owing to their tailorable designs or modifications. This review presents a comprehensive introduction to various types of synthetic biodegradable polymers with reactive groups and bioactive groups, and further describes their structure, preparation procedures and properties. The focus is on advances in the past decade in functionalization and responsive strategies of biodegradable polymers and their biomedical applications. The possible future developments of the materials are also discussed.

5. 题名：Synthesis of graphene-based nanosheets via chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide 出处：Carbon, Volume 45, Issue 7, June 2007, Pages 1558-1565作者：Stankovich, S.; Dikin, D.A.; Piner, R.D.; Kohlhaas, K.A.; Kleinhammes, A.; Jia, Y.; Wu, Y.; Nguyen, S.T.; Ruoff, R.S. 摘 要 ： Reduction of a colloidal suspension of exfoliated graphene oxide sheets in water with hydrazine hydrate results in their aggregation and subsequent formation of a high-surface-area carbon material which consists of thin graphene-based sheets. The reduced material was characterized by elemental analysis, thermo-gravimetric analysis, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, NMR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and by electrical conductivity measurements.

6. 题名：TiO"2 photocatalysis and related surface phenomena 出处：Surface Science Reports, Volume 63, Issue 12, December 2008, Pages 515-582作者：Fujishima, A.; Zhang, X.; Tryk, D.A. 摘要：The field of photocatalysis can be traced back more than 80 years to early observations of the chalking of titania-based paints and to studies of the darkening of metal oxides in contact with organic compounds in sunlight. During the past 20 years, it has become an extremely well researched field due to practical interest in air and water remediation, self-cleaning surfaces, and self-sterilizing surfaces. During the same period, there has also been a strong effort to use photocatalysis for light-assisted production of hydrogen. The fundamental aspects of photocatalysis on the most studied photocatalyst, titania, are still being actively researched and have recently become quite well understood. The mechanisms by which certain types of organic compounds are decomposed completely to carbon dioxide and water, for example, have been delineated. However, certain aspects, such as the photo-induced wetting phenomenon, remain controversial, with some groups maintaining that the effect is a simple one in which organic contaminants are decomposed, while other groups maintain that there are additional effects in which the intrinsic surface properties are modified by light. During the past several years, powerful tools such as surface spectroscopic techniques and scanning probe techniques performed on single crystals in ultra-high vacuum, and ultrafast pulsed laser spectroscopic techniques have been brought to bear on these problems, and new insights have become possible. Quantum

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chemical calculations have also provided new insights. New materials have recently been developed based on titania, and the sensitivity to visible light has improved. The new information available is staggering, but we hope to offer an overview of some of the recent highlights, as well as to review some of the origins and indicate some possible new directions.

7. 题名：QSPR analysis for intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions by means of GA-MLR and RBFNN 出处：Computational Materials Science, Volume 40, Issue 1, July 2007, Pages 159-167作者：Gharagheizi, F. 摘 要 ：A quantitative structure–property relationship (QSPR) treatment of intrinsic viscosity of polymer solutions was performed by means of a genetic algorithm based multivariate linear regression (GA-MLR). A five parameters correlation, with squared correlation coefficient R2 = 0.8275 gives good predictions for 65 polymer solutions. In preparation of this model, 1664 molecular descriptors for each polymer and 1664 molecular descriptors for each solvent were checked and finally, five molecular descriptors were selected. For considering the nonlinear behavior of these five molecular descriptors, a radial based function neural network (RBFNN) with squared correlation coefficient R2 = 0.9100 was constructed. Notably, all the parameters involved in these equations can be derived solely from the chemical structure of the polymers repeating unit and the solvents which makes them very useful for prediction of the intrinsic viscosity of unknown or unavailable polymer solutions.

8. 题名：The surface science of titanium dioxide 出处：Surface Science Reports, Volume 48, Issue 5-8, January 2003, Pages 53-229作者：Diebold, U. 摘要：Titanium dioxide is the most investigated single-crystalline system in the surface science of metal oxides, and the literature on rutile (1 1 0), (1 0 0), (0 0 1), and anatase surfaces is reviewed. This paper starts with a summary of the wide variety of technical fields where TiO2 is of importance. The bulk structure and bulk defects (as far as relevant to the surface properties) are briefly reviewed. Rules to predict stable oxide surfaces are exemplified on rutile (1 1 0). The surface structure of rutile (1 1 0) is discussed in some detail. Theoretically predicted and experimentally determined relaxations of surface geometries are compared, and defects (step edge orientations, point and line defects, impurities, surface manifestations of crystallographic shear planes—CSPs) are discussed, as well as the image contrast in scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The controversy about the correct model for the (1×2) reconstruction appears to be settled. Different surface preparation methods, such as reoxidation of reduced crystals, can cause a drastic effect on surface geometries and morphology, and recommendations for preparing different TiO2(1 1 0) surfaces are given. The structure of the TiO2(1 0 0)-(1×1) surface is discussed and the proposed models for the (1×3) reconstruction are critically reviewed. Very recent results on anatase (1 0 0) and (1 0 1) surfaces are included.

The electronic structure of stoichiometric TiO2 surfaces is now well understood. Surface defects can be detected with a variety of surface spectroscopies. The vibrational structure is dominated by strong Fuchs–Kliewer phonons, and high-resolution electron energy loss spectra often need to be deconvoluted in order to render useful information about adsorbed molecules.

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The growth of metals (Li, Na, K, Cs, Ca, Al, Ti, V, Nb, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Rh, Ir, Ni, Pd, Pt, Cu, Ag, Au) as well as some metal oxides on TiO2 is reviewed. The tendency to ‘wet’ the overlayer, the growth morphology, the epitaxial relationship, and the strength of the interfacial oxidation/reduction reaction all follow clear trends across the periodic table, with the reactivity of the overlayer metal towards oxygen being the most decisive factor. Alkali atoms form ordered superstructures at low coverages. Recent progress in understanding the surface structure of metals in the ‘strong-metal support interaction’ (SMSI) state is summarized.

Literature is reviewed on the adsorption and reaction of a wide variety of inorganic molecules (H2, O2, H2O, CO, CO2, N2, NH3, NOx, sulfur- and halogen-containing molecules, rare gases) as well as organic molecules (carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes and ketones, alkynes, pyridine and its derivates, silanes, methyl halides). The application of TiO2-based systems in photo-active devices is discussed, and the results on UHV-based photocatalytic studies are summarized.

The review ends with a brief conclusion and outlook of TiO2-based surface science for the future.

9. 题名：Recent advances in graphene based polymer composites 出处：Progress in Polymer Science, Volume 35, Issue 11, November 2010, Pages 1350-1375作者：Kuilla, T.; Bhadra, S.; Yao, D.; Kim, N.H.; Bose, S.; Lee, J.H. 摘要：This paper reviews recent advances in the modification of graphene and the fabrication of graphene-based polymer nanocomposites. Recently, graphene has attracted both academic and industrial interest because it can produce a dramatic improvement in properties at very low filler content. The modification of graphene/graphene oxide and the utilization of these materials in the fabrication of nanocomposites with different polymer matrixes have been explored. Different organic polymers have been used to fabricate graphene filled polymer nanocomposites by a range of methods. In the case of modified graphene-based polymer nanocomposites, the percolation threshold can be achieved at a very lower filler loading. Herein, the structure, preparation and properties of polymer/graphene nanocomposites are discussed in general along with detailed examples drawn from the scientific literature.

10. 题名：Recent developments in cathode materials for lithium ion batteries 出处：Journal of Power Sources, Volume 195, Issue 4, February 2010, Pages 939-954作者：Fergus, J.W. 摘 要 ： One of the challenges for improving the performance of lithium ion batteries to meet increasingly demanding requirements for energy storage is the development of suitable cathode materials. Cathode materials must be able to accept and release lithium ions repeatedly (for recharging) and quickly (for high current). Transition metal oxides based on the α-NaFeO2, spinel and olivine structures have shown promise, but improvements are needed to reduce cost and extend effective lifetime. In this paper, recent developments in cathode materials for lithium ion batteries are reviewed. This includes comparison of the performance characteristics of the promising cathode materials and approaches for improving their performances.

11. 题名：Nanoparticles: a boon to drug delivery, therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging

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出 处 ： Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2012, Pages 147-166作者：Parveen, S.; Misra, R.; Sahoo, S.K. 摘要：Drug delivery is an interdisciplinary and independent field of research and is gaining the attention of pharmaceutical researchers, medical doctors and industry. A safe and targeted drug delivery could improve the performance of some classic medicines already on the market, and moreover, will have implications for the development and success of new therapeutic strategies such as anticancer drug delivery, peptide and protein delivery and gene therapy. In the last decade, several drug-delivery technologies have emerged and a fascinating part of this field is the development of nanoscale drug delivery devices. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as an important strategy to deliver conventional drugs, recombinant proteins, vaccines and more recently, nucleotides. NPs and other colloidal drug-delivery systems modify the kinetics, body distribution and drug release of an associated drug. This review article focuses on the potential of nanotechnology in medicine and discusses different nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems including polymeric NPs, ceramic NPs, magnetic NPs, polymeric micelles and dendrimers as well as their applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging.

12. 题 名 ： Carbon nanotube-polymer composites: Chemistry, processing, mechanical and electrical properties 出处：Progress in Polymer Science, Volume 35, Issue 3, March 2010, Pages 357-401作者：Spitalsky, Z.; Tasis, D.; Papagelis, K.; Galiotis, C. 摘 要 ： Carbon nanotubes have long been recognized as the stiffest and strongest man-made material known to date. In addition, their high electrical conductivity has roused interest in the area of electrical appliances and communication related applications. However, due to their miniscule size, the excellent properties of these nanostructures can only be exploited if they are homogeneously embedded into light-weight matrices as those offered by a whole series of engineering polymers. We review the present state of polymer nanocomposites research in which the fillers are carbon nanotubes. In order to enhance their chemical affinity to engineering polymer matrices, chemical modification of the graphitic sidewalls and tips is necessary. In this review, an extended account of the various chemical strategies for grafting polymers onto carbon nanotubes and the manufacturing of carbon nanotube/polymer nanocomposites is given. The mechanical and electrical properties to date of a whole range of nanocomposites of various carbon nanotube contents are also reviewed in an attempt to facilitate progress in this emerging area.

13. 题名：Polymeric materials with antimicrobial activity 出处：Progress in Polymer Science, Volume 37, Issue 2, February 2012, Pages 281-339Munoz-Bonilla, A.; Fernandez-Garcia, M. 摘要：This article describes the state of the art in the field of antimicrobial polymeric systems during the last decade. Keeping in mind the multitude of existing systems, a classification of the different materials is carried out dividing basically those synthetic polymers that: (a) exhibit antimicrobial activity by themselves; (b) those whose biocidal activity is conferred through their chemical modification; (c) those that incorporate antimicrobial organic compounds with either low or high molecular weight; and (d) those that involve the addition of active inorganic systems. This classification is not absolutely unique and in occasions some described polymeric systems could

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belong to more than one section. However, the purpose of this review is to provide a handy overall vision of the antimicrobial synthetic polymers world. 14. 题名 ：Fabrication and processing of polymer solar cells: A review of printing and coating techniques 出处：Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Volume 93, Issue 4, April 2009, Pages 394-412作者：Krebs, F.C. 摘 要 ： Polymer solar cells are reviewed in the context of the processing techniques leading to complete devices. A distinction is made between the film-forming techniques that are used currently such as spincoating, doctor blading and casting and the, from a processing point of view, more desirable film-forming techniques such as slot-die coating, gravure coating, knife-over-edge coating, off-set coating, spray coating and printing techniques such as ink jet printing, pad printing and screen printing. The former are used almost exclusively and are not suited for high-volume production whereas the latter are highly suited, but little explored in the context of polymer solar cells. A further distinction is made between printing and coating when a film is formed. The entire process leading to polymer solar cells is broken down into the individual steps and the available techniques and materials for each step are described with focus on the particular advantages and disadvantages associated with each case.

15. 题 名 ： Nanostructured electrodes for lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries: the latest developments, challenges, and perspectives 出 处 ： Materials Science and Engineering: R: Reports, Volume 72, Issue 11, November 2011, Pages 203-252作者：Song, M.K.; Park, S.; Alamgir, F.M.; Cho, J.; Liu, M. 摘要：The urgency for clean and secure energy has stimulated a global resurgence in searching for advanced electrical energy storage systems. For now and the foreseeable future, batteries remain the most promising electrical energy storage systems for many applications, from portable electronics to emerging technologies such as electric vehicles and smart grids, by potentially offering significantly improved performance, energy efficiencies, reliability, and energy security while also permitting a drastic reduction in fuel consumption and emissions. The energy and power storage characteristics of batteries critically impact the commercial viability of these emerging technologies. For example, the realization of electric vehicles hinges on the availability of batteries with significantly improved energy and power density, durability, and reduced cost. Further, the design, performance, portability, and innovation of many portable electronics are limited severely by the size, power, and cycle life of the existing batteries. Creation of nanostructured electrode materials represents one of the most attractive strategies to dramatically enhance battery performance, including capacity, rate capability, cycling life, and safety. This review aims at providing the reader with an understanding of the critical scientific challenges facing the development of advanced batteries, various unique attributes of nanostructures or nano-architectures applicable to lithium-ion and lithium-air batteries, the latest developments in novel synthesis and fabrication procedures, the unique capabilities of some powerful, in situ characterization techniques vital to unraveling the mechanisms of charge and mass transport processes associated with battery performance, and the outlook for future-generation batteries that exploit nanoscale materials for significantly improved performance to meet the ever-increasing

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demands of emerging technologies.

16. 题名：Chitosan-A versatile semi-synthetic polymer in biomedical applications 出处：Progress in Polymer Science, Volume 36, Issue 8, August 2011, Pages 981-1014作者：Dash, M.; Chiellini, F.; Ottenbrite, R.M.; Chiellini, E. 摘要 ：This review outlines the new developments on chitosan-based bioapplications. Over the last decade, functional biomaterials research has developed new drug delivery systems and improved scaffolds for regenerative medicine that is currently one of the most rapidly growing fields in the life sciences. The aim is to restore or replace damaged body parts or lost organs by transplanting supportive scaffolds with appropriate cells that in combination with biomolecules generate new tissue. This is a highly interdisciplinary field that encompasses polymer synthesis and modification, cell culturing, gene therapy, stem cell research, therapeutic cloning and tissue engineering. In this regard, chitosan, as a biopolymer derived macromolecular compound, has a major involvement. Chitosan is a polyelectrolyte with reactive functional groups, gel-forming capability, high adsorption capacity and biodegradability. In addition, it is innately biocompatible and non-toxic to living tissues as well as having antibacterial, antifungal and antitumor activity. These features highlight the suitability and extensive applications that chitosan has in medicine. Micro/nanoparticles and hydrogels are widely used in the design of chitosan-based therapeuticsystems. The chemical structure and relevant biological properties of chitosan for regenerative medicine have been summarized as well as the methods for the preparation of controlled drug release devices and their applications.

17. 题名：Lithium batteries: Status, prospects and future 出处：Journal of Power Sources, Volume 195, Issue 9, May 2010, Pages 2419-2430作者：Scrosati, B.; Garche, J. 摘要：Lithium batteries are characterized by high specific energy, high efficiency and long life. These unique properties have made lithium batteries the power sources of choice for the consumer electronics market with a production of the order of billions of units per year. These batteries are also expected to find a prominent role as ideal electrochemical storage systems in renewable energy plants, as well as power systems for sustainable vehicles, such as hybrid and electric vehicles. However, scaling up the lithium battery technology for these applications is still problematic since issues such as safety, costs, wide operational temperature and materials availability, are still to be resolved. This review focuses first on the present status of lithium battery technology, then on its near future development and finally it examines important new directions aimed at achieving quantum jumps in energy and power content.

18. 题名：Polymer nanoparticles: Preparation techniques and size-control parameters 出处：Progress in Polymer Science, Volume 36, Issue 7, July 2011, Pages 887-913作者：Rao, J.P.; Geckeler, K.E. 摘要：Polymer nanoparticles have attracted the interest of many research groups and have been utilized in an increasing number of fields during the last decades. Generally, two main strategies are employed for their preparation: the dispersion of preformed polymers and the polymerization of monomers. Various techniques can be used to produce polymer nanoparticles, such as solvent evaporation, salting-out, dialysis, supercritical fluid technology, micro-emulsion, mini-emulsion,

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surfactant-free emulsion, and interfacial polymerization. The choice of method depends on a number of factors, such as, particle size, particle size distribution, area of application, etc. This review covers the general description of the preparation of polymer nanoparticles and the detailed description of the crucial parameters involved in techniques designed to obtain the desired properties.

19. 题 名 ： A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites 出处：Composites Science and Technology, Volume 63, Issue 15, November 2003, Pages 2223-2253作者：Huang, Z.-M.; Zhang, Y.-Z.; Kotaki, M.; Ramakrishna, S. 摘 要 ： Electrospinning has been recognized as an efficient technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers. Various polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers in recent years mostly in solvent solution and some in melt form. Potential applications based on such fibers specifically their use as reinforcement in nanocomposite development have been realized. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on the researches and developments related to electrospun polymer nanofibers including processing, structure and property characterization, applications, and modeling and simulations. Information of those polymers together with their processing conditions for electrospinning of ultrafine fibers has been summarized in the paper. Other issues regarding the technology limitations, research challenges, and future trends are also discussed.

20. 题名：Transparent conductors as solar energy materials: A panoramic review 出处：Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Volume 91, Issue 17, October 2007, Pages 1529-1598作者：Granqvist, C.G. 摘要：Transparent conductors (TCs) have a multitude of applications for solar energy utilization and for energy savings, especially in buildings. The largest of these applications, in terms of area, make use of the fact that the TCs have low infrared emittance and hence can be used to improve the thermal properties of modern fenestration. Depending on whether the TCs are reflecting or not in the near infrared pertinent to solar irradiation, the TCs can serve in “solar control” or “low-emittance” windows. Other applications rely on the electrical conductivity of the TCs, which make them useful as current collectors in solar cells and for inserting and extracting electrical charge in electrochromic “smart windows” capable of combining energy efficiency and indoor comfort in buildings. This Review takes a “panoramic” view on TCs and discusses their properties from the perspective of the radiative properties in our ambience. This approach leads naturally to considerations of spectral selectivity, angular selectivity, and temporal variability of TCs, as covered in three subsequent sections. The spectrally selective materials are thin films based on metals (normally gold or titanium nitride) or wide band gap semiconductors with heavy doping (normally based on indium, tin, or zinc). Their applications to energy-efficient windows are covered in detail, experimentally as well as theoretically, and briefer discussions are given applications to solar cells and solar collectors. Photocatalytic properties and super-hydrophilicity are touched upon. Angular selective TCs, for which the angular properties are caused by inclined columnar nanostructures, are then covered. A discussion of TC-like materials with thermochromic

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and electrochromic properties follows in the final part. Detailed treatments are given for thermochromic materials based on vanadium dioxide and for electrochromic multi-layer structures (incorporating TCs as essential components). The reference list is extensive and aims at giving an easy entrance to the many varied aspects of TCs.

21. 题名：Graphene-based polymer nanocomposites 出处：Polymer, Volume 52, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 5-25作者：Potts, J.R.; Dreyer, D.R.; Bielawski, C.W.; Ruoff, R.S. 摘要：Graphene-based materials are single- or few-layer platelets that can be produced in bulk quantities by chemical methods. Herein, we present a survey of the literature on polymer nanocomposites with graphene-based fillers including recent work using graphite nanoplatelet fillers. A variety of routes used to produce graphene-based materials are reviewed, along with methods for dispersing these materials in various polymer matrices. We also review the rheological, electrical, mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties of these composites, and how each of these composite properties is dependent upon the intrinsic properties of graphene-based materials and their state of dispersion in the matrix. An overview of potential applications for these composites and current challenges in the field are provided for perspective and to potentially guide future progress on the development of these promising materials.

22. 题 名 ： The surface science of graphene: Metal interfaces, CVD synthesis, nanoribbons, chemical modifications, and defects 出处：Surface Science Reports, Volume 67, Issue 3-4, March 2012, Pages 83-115作者：Batzill, M. 摘要：Graphene, a single atomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon, exhibits a zero-band gap with linear band dispersion at the Fermi-level, forming a Dirac-cone at the K-points of its Brillouin zone. In this review, we focus on basic materials science issues of this intriguing material. The scope of this work is further narrowed by concentrating on graphene grown at transition metal surfaces, mostly under vacuum conditions, and neglecting other graphene synthesis approaches, namely growth on SiC or by graphene oxide reduction. Thus one large section of this review focuses on metal/graphene interfaces. We summarize recent surface science studies on the structure, interaction, and the growth of graphene on various metals. Metal supported graphene is a recurring theme throughout this review as it provides model-systems for studying adsorption and graphene modifications on well-defined, large area samples, and thus is ideal for employing surface science techniques. Other aspects of graphene are also reviewed. Approaches for creating and characterizing graphene nanostructures, in particular graphene nanoribbons, are discussed. Graphene nanoribbons play an important role for potential electronic applications because the lateral electron confinement in the ribbons opens a band-gap in graphene. Materials issues of nanoribbons, like formation of well-defined edges are introduced. Atomic-scale defect-structures in graphene are another topic. The known defect structures in graphene are categorized and atomic scale characterization of these defects by scanning tunneling microscopy (stocktickerSTM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is illustrated. Important for applications of graphene is our ability of modifying its properties. Therefore, studies of substitutional doping of graphene with nitrogen or boron, hydrogenation or fluorination of graphene, and the adsorption of molecules with strong electron affinity are included in this review. This review is restricted to a

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summary of surface science studies on well-ordered systems. Other important graphene research areas such as transport measurements on pure and modified graphene are not included. The goal of this review is to give a concise overview of the materials science of graphene from the surface science perspective.

23. 题名：A review of chitin and chitosan applications 出处：Reactive and Functional Polymers, Volume 46, Issue 1, November 2000, Pages 1-27作者：Ravi Kumar, M.N. 摘要：Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose. It has become of great interest not only as an underutilized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at chitin and chitosan applications. Based on current research and existing products, some new and futuristic approaches in this fascinating area are thoroughly discussed.

24. 题名：Applications of nanotechnology in food packaging and food safety: Barrier materials, antimicrobials and sensors 出处：Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, Volume 363, Issue 1, November 2011, Pages 1-24作者：Duncan, T.V. 摘要：Chitin is the most abundant natural amino polysaccharide and is estimated to be produced annually almost as much as cellulose. It has become of great interest not only as an underutilized resource, but also as a new functional material of high potential in various fields, and recent progress in chitin chemistry is quite noteworthy. The purpose of this review is to take a closer look at chitin and chitosan applications. Based on current research and existing products, some new and futuristic approaches in this fascinating area are thoroughly discussed.

25. 题名：Biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles based drug delivery systems 出处：Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, Volume 75, Issue 1, January 2010, Pages 1-18作者：Kumari, A.; Yadav, S.K.; Yadav, S.C. 摘要：Biodegradable nanoparticles have been used frequently as drug delivery vehicles due to its grand bioavailability, better encapsulation, control release and less toxic properties. Various nanoparticulate systems, general synthesis and encapsulation process, control release and improvement of therapeutic value of nanoencapsulated drugs are covered in this review. We have highlighted the impact of nanoencapsulation of various disease related drugs on biodegradable nanoparticles such as PLGA, PLA, chitosan, gelatin, polycaprolactone and poly-alkyl-cyanoacrylates.

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二、Elsevier Science Direct Top 25 (工程类)

（来源：http://www.sciencewatch.com/）

1. 题名：Performance characteristics of hydrothermal and sonication assisted electroless plating baths for nickel-ceramic composite membrane fabrication 出处：Desalination, Volume 284, January 2012, Pages 77-85作者：Bulasara, V.K.; Abhimanyu, M.S.; Pranav, T.; Uppaluri, R.; Purkait, M.K. 摘 要 ： This paper addresses the performance characteristics of nickel–ceramic composite membranes fabricated with hydrothermal mass transfer coupled electroless plating baths. Deposition of nickel on a ceramic membrane support with an average pore size of 275 nm was considered to study the effect of autogenous pressure under hydrothermal conditions and sonication coupled hydrothermal conditions on the process as well as membrane characteristics. Bath conversion, plating efficiency, average film thickness and percent pore densification (PPD) were studied. Parametric investigations were carried out for wide range of initial nickel sulfate concentration (0.04–0.16 mol/L) in the solution at a higher loading ratio (393 cm2/L). An interesting observation from this study was that the autogenous pressure together with ultrasound provided the best performance characteristics of electroless plating. The optimal performance characteristics refer to 81.87% conversion, 84.19% plating efficiency, 99.92% PPD for a nickel composite membrane with film thickness of 37 μm prepared using 0.16 mol/L of nickel solution metal concentration. The microfiltration study on oil-in-water emulsions inferred that the membrane fabricated with HTSO coupling and Ci = 0.04 mol/L gave a rejection of 90.13% and membrane permeability of 0.11 × 10− 10 m3.m− 2.s− 1.Pa− 1.

2. 题 名 ： Effect of process parameters on electroless plating and nickel-ceramic composite membrane characteristics 出处：Desalination, Volume 268, Issue 1-3, March 2011, Pages 195-203作者：Bulasara, V.K.; Thakuria, H.; Uppaluri, R.; Purkait, M.K. 摘 要 ： In this article we address the process perspective of electroless plating technique to fabricate nickel-ceramic composite membranes. In this work, we also report an inexpensive ceramic membrane precursor formulation which upon sintering process yielded a membrane support with an average pore size of 275 nm. Subsequently, membranes were subjected to electroless plating for wide choice of nickel solution concentration (0.04–0.16 mol/L) and loading ratio (defined as membrane area per unit plating solution volume) values (196–393 cm2/L). Various parameters evaluated to relate upon plating and membrane characteristics are conversion,

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plating efficiency and inefficiency, metal layer thickness and average nickel-ceramic membrane pore size. In general it was observed that sodium hypophosphite based electroless nickel baths provided lower conversion (10–40%) and moderately higher efficiencies (90–60%). However, the effect of loading ratio on efficiency was found to be insignificant. On the other hand, membrane densification was observed to vary between 78–90% to yield a surface pore size reduction from 275 nm to 128–90 nm. Retail cost based analysis further indicates the non-linear dependencies of both chemicals cost and metal layer thickness with respect to the percent pore densification values.

3. 题名：Combinatorial performance characteristics of agitated nickel hypophosphite electroless plating baths 出处：Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Volume 211, Issue 9, September 2011, Pages 1488-1499作者：Bulasara, V.K.; Thakuria, H.; Uppaluri, R.; Purkait, M.K. 摘要：In this article, we present the combinatorial performance characteristics of agitated sodium hypophosphite electroless plating baths. Various performance characteristics assessed include bath conversion, plating efficiency, selective conversion, metal film thickness, average pore size, effective porosity and percent pore densification (PPD). Bath agitation was brought forward by rotating a symmetric disk shaped porous ceramic substrate with a nominal pore size of 275 nm. The plating characteristics were investigated for wide range of nickel solution concentrations (0.04–0.16 mol/L), stirrer speed (0–200 rpm) and for two different loading ratios (defined as substrate surface area per unit volume of plating solution) values (196 and 393 cm2/L). It was evaluated that stirring had a profound effect on sodium hypophosphite based electroless nickel baths, which are characterized with lower conversions (10–39%) and higher plating efficiencies (62–99%) without stirring phenomena. The stirred plating baths provided about 20–56% excess nickel plating rate when compared to the baths without stirring. This lead to a reduction in average membrane pore size by 20–42 nm and an enhancement in percent pore densification values by about 2–7%. Further, higher concentrations as high as 0.16 mol/L have been found to be detrimental to reduce the metal plating efficiency to lower values (42%). Observed data trends confirm upon the urgent need to identify suitable mass transfer enhancement techniques that target enhancement in selective conversion while providing good values of plating efficiency and PPD.

4. 题 名 ： Nickel-ceramic composite membranes: Optimization of hydrazine based electroless plating process parameters 出处：Desalination, Volume 275, Issue 1-3, July 2011, Pages 243-251作者：Bulasara, V.K.; Thakuria, H.; Uppaluri, R.; Purkait, M.K. 摘 要 ： Based on the experimental investigation, this article addresses optimization of nickel hydrazine electroless plating process parameters for the fabrication of mesoporous nickel-ceramic composite membranes. An inexpensive sintered ceramic support with an average pore size of 275 nm was used for all the experiments. Parametric optimization was experimentally investigated for a wide range of nickel solution concentrations (0.04–0.16 mol/L) and loading ratios (196–393 cm2/L). Process parameters such as conversion, plating efficiency and membrane morphological parameters such as average thickness, pore size and effective porosity were evaluated. Based on these evaluated parameters, the optimal process parameters have been evaluated as 0.12 mol/L and

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393 cm2/L respectively. In general, it was also observed that hydrazine electroless plating baths are efficient from both processes as well as membrane perspective as they have been observed to provide a maximum selective conversion and PPD of 38% and 98.8% respectively.

5. 题名：Production of liquid biofuels from renewable resources 出处：Progress in Energy and Combustion Science, Volume 37, Issue 1, February 2011, Pages 52-68作者：Nigam, P.S.; Singh, A. 摘 要 ： This article is an up-to-date review of the literature available on the subject of liquid biofuels. In search of a suitable fuel alternative to fast depleting fossil fuel and oil reserves and in serious consideration of the environmental issues associated with the extensive use of fuels based on petrochemicals, research work is in progress worldwide. Researchers have been re-directing their interests in biomass based fuels, which currently seem to be the only logical alternative for sustainable development in the context of economical and environmental considerations. Renewable bioresources are available globally in the form of residual agricultural biomass and wastes, which can be transformed into liquid biofuels. However, the process of conversion, or chemical transformation, could be very expensive and not worth-while to use for an economical large-scale commercial supply of biofuels. Hence, there is still need for much research to be done for an effective, economical and efficient conversion process. Therefore, this article is written as a broad overview of the subject, and includes information based on the research conducted globally by scientists according to their local socio-cultural and economic situations.

6. 题 名 ： Revamp study of crude distillation unit heat exchanger network: Energy integration potential of delayed coking unit free hot streams 出处：Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 29, Issue 11-12, August 2009, Pages 2271-2279作者：Bulasara, V.K.; Uppaluri, R.; Ghoshal, A.K. 摘要：This work addresses the revamp study of the crude distillation unit (CDU) heat exchanger network (HEN) of a typical refinery with and without the consideration of the free hot streams available in the delayed coking unit (DCU). Based on pinch design method, two sub-cases of revamp study have been considered namely (a) installation of new heat exchangers for the entire network and (b) reutilization of existing heat exchangers. Based on the study, it has been evaluated that the revamp design of existing CDU HEN without considering the DCU free hot streams allows the enhancement of heat integration by 4.73% with respect to that available for the base case. On the other hand, the heat integration potential of DCU free hot streams is evaluated to enhance energy integration by 15.66% (with respect to the base case) with a simultaneous reduction of furnace duty by 37.1% and cooling water duties by 89.8%. Of various cases considered, the most attractive option corresponds to the partial revamp of CDU HEN along with DCU free hot streams that involve the reutilization of existing heat exchangers. The profitability analysis of this option concludes that the revamp design needs an additional investment of 2.68 M$ to enhance annual profit by 1.58 M$ with a payback period of 1.9 years. Thereby, the heat integration potential of DCU free hot streams is inferred to be significant and marks an important choice amongst different key revamp parameters associated to heat exchanger networks.

7. 题 名 ： Synthesis and surface engineering of iron oxide nanoparticles for biomedical

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applications 出处：Biomaterials, Volume 26, Issue 18, June 2005, Pages 3995-4021作者：Gupta, A.K.; Gupta, M. 摘要：Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) with appropriate surface chemistry have been widely used experimentally for numerous in vivo applications such as magnetic resonance imaging contrast enhancement, tissue repair, immunoassay, detoxification of biological fluids, hyperthermia, drug delivery and in cell separation, etc. All these biomedical and bioengineering applications require that these nanoparticles have high magnetization values and size smaller than 100 nm with overall narrow particle size distribution, so that the particles have uniform physical and chemical properties. In addition, these applications need special surface coating of the magnetic particles, which has to be not only non-toxic and biocompatible but also allow a targetable delivery with particle localization in a specific area. To this end, most work in this field has been done in improving the biocompatibility of the materials, but only a few scientific investigations and developments have been carried out in improving the quality of magnetic particles, their size distribution, their shape and surface in addition to characterizing them to get a protocol for the quality control of these particles. Nature of surface coatings and their subsequent geometric arrangement on the nanoparticles determine not only the overall size of the colloid but also play a significant role in biokinetics and biodistribution of nanoparticles in the body. The types of specific coating, or derivatization, for these nanoparticles depend on the end application and should be chosen by keeping a particular application in mind, whether it be aimed at inflammation response or anti-cancer agents. Magnetic nanoparticles can bind to drugs, proteins, enzymes, antibodies, or nucleotides and can be directed to an organ, tissue, or tumour using an external magnetic field or can be heated in alternating magnetic fields for use in hyperthermia. This review discusses the synthetic chemistry, fluid stabilization and surface modification of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles, as well as their use for above biomedical applications.

8. 题名：Nanoparticles: a boon to drug delivery, therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging 出 处 ： Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, Volume 8, Issue 2, February 2012, Pages 147-166作者：Parveen, S.; Misra, R.; Sahoo, S.K. 摘要：Drug delivery is an interdisciplinary and independent field of research and is gaining the attention of pharmaceutical researchers, medical doctors and industry. A safe and targeted drug delivery could improve the performance of some classic medicines already on the market, and moreover, will have implications for the development and success of new therapeutic strategies such as anticancer drug delivery, peptide and protein delivery and gene therapy. In the last decade, several drug-delivery technologies have emerged and a fascinating part of this field is the development of nanoscale drug delivery devices. Nanoparticles (NPs) have been developed as an important strategy to deliver conventional drugs, recombinant proteins, vaccines and more recently, nucleotides. NPs and other colloidal drug-delivery systems modify the kinetics, body distribution and drug release of an associated drug. This review article focuses on the potential of nanotechnology in medicine and discusses different nanoparticulate drug-delivery systems including polymeric NPs, ceramic NPs, magnetic NPs, polymeric micelles and dendrimers as well as their applications in therapeutics, diagnostics and imaging.

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9. 题名：Seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete bridge columns 出处：Engineering Structures, Volume 27, Issue 4, March 2005, Pages 576-592作者：Kim, T.H.; Lee, K.M.; Chung, Y.S.; Shin, H.M. 摘要：This paper presents a nonlinear finite element analysis procedure for the seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete bridge columns. A computer program, named RCAHEST (Reinforced Concrete Analysis in Higher Evaluation System Technology), for the analysis of reinforced concrete structures was used. A damage index based on the predicted hysteretic behavior of a reinforced concrete bridge column is defined. Damage indices aim to provide a means of quantifying numerically the damage in reinforced concrete bridge columns sustained under earthquake loading. The proposed numerical method for the seismic damage assessment of reinforced concrete bridge columns is verified by comparison with reliable experimental results.

10. 题名：Wireless sensor networks: a survey 出处：Computer Networks, Volume 38, Issue 4, March 2002, Pages 393-422作者：Akyildiz, I.F.; Su, W.; Sankarasubramaniam, Y.; Cayirci, E. 摘要：This paper describes the concept of sensor networks which has been made viable by the convergence of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology, wireless communications and digital electronics. First, the sensing tasks and the potential sensor networks applications are explored, and a review of factors influencing the design of sensor networks is provided. Then, the communication architecture for sensor networks is outlined, and the algorithms and protocols developed for each layer in the literature are explored. Open research issues for the realization of sensor networks are also discussed.

11. 题名：A survey on security issues in service delivery models of cloud computing 出处：Journal of Network and Computer Applications, Volume 34, Issue 1, January 2011, Pages 1-11作者：Subashini, S.; Kavitha, V. 摘要：Cloud computing is a way to increase the capacity or add capabilities dynamically without investing in new infrastructure, training new personnel, or licensing new software. It extends Information Technology’s (IT) existing capabilities. In the last few years, cloud computing has grown from being a promising business concept to one of the fast growing segments of the IT industry. But as more and more information on individuals and companies are placed in the cloud, concerns are beginning to grow about just how safe an environment it is. Despite of all the hype surrounding the cloud, enterprise customers are still reluctant to deploy their business in the cloud. Security is one of the major issues which reduces the growth of cloud computing and complications with data privacy and data protection continue to plague the market. The advent of an advanced model should not negotiate with the required functionalities and capabilities present in the current model. A new model targeting at improving features of an existing model must not risk or threaten other important features of the current model. The architecture of cloud poses such a threat to the security of the existing technologies when deployed in a cloud environment. Cloud service users need to be vigilant in understanding the risks of data breaches in this new environment. In this paper, a survey of the different security risks that pose a threat to the cloud is presented. This paper is a survey more specific to the different security issues that has emanated

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due to the nature of the service delivery models of a cloud computing system.

12. 题名：Re-examination of damage distribution in Adapazari: Structural considerations 出处：Engineering Structures, Volume 27, Issue 7, June 2005, Pages 990-1001作者：Yakut, A.; Gulkan, P.; Sadik Bakir, B.; Tolga Yilmaz, M. 摘 要 ： Adapazarı was the scene of spectacular structural damage as well as widespread foundation displacement that occurred in the city during the devastating earthquake of August 17, 1999. The damage patterns observed in Adapazarı were quite peculiar, so these are re-examined in an effort to answer the question of whether they are indicative of a consistent trend in terms of the building attributes and/or site conditions. For this purpose two databases comprising buildings surveyed in Adapazarı after the earthquake have been re-evaluated. The first data set included buildings that had collapsed fully; hence no complete data on the as-built properties have been assembled. Their examination was necessarily a desk study conducted from the design blueprints of the individual buildings that no longer existed. The second source was a larger database comprising buildings that had experienced various levels of damage and examined using conventional evaluation procedures. All buildings were rated from the viewpoint of conventional seismic performance using accepted parameters to confirm the observed damage. An examination based solely on structural attributes leads us to believe that building collapses observed in Adapazarı are perhaps too involved to reduce to a few simple deficiency attributes. The site effects seem to have played a major role in the observed damage, because conflicting trends of structural attributes and the actual damage were established. A companion paper focuses on the influence of site effects on the observed building damage.

13. 题名：Heat transfer-A review of 2005 literature 出处：International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 53, Issue 21-22, October 2010, Pages 4397-4447作者：Goldstein, R.J.; Ibele, W.E.; Patankar, S.V.; Simon, T.W.; Kuehn, T.H.; Strykowski, P.J.; Tamma, K.K.; Heberlein, J.V.R.; Davidson, J.H.; Bischof, J.; Kulacki, F.A.; Kortshagen, U.; Garrick, S.; Srinivasan, V.; Ghosh, K.; Mittal, R. 摘要：The present review is intended to encompass the heat transfer literature published in 2005. While of a wide-range in scope, some selection is inevitable. We restrict ourselves to papers published in English through a peer-review process, with selected translations from journals published in other languages. Papers from conference proceedings generally are not included, though the Proceeding itself may be cited in the introduction. A significant fraction of the papers reviewed herein relates to the science of heat transfer, including experimental, analytical and numerical studies. Other papers cover applications where heat transfer plays a major role, not only in man-made devices but in natural systems as well. The papers are grouped into major subject areas and then into subfields within these areas. In addition to reviewing the literature, we mention major conferences held in 2005, major awards related to heat transfer presented in 2005, and books on heat transfer published during the year.

14. 题名：The Internet of Things: A survey 出处：Computer Networks, Volume 54, Issue 15, October 2010, Pages 2787-2805作者：Atzori, L.; Iera, A.; Morabito, G.

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摘 要 ： This paper addresses the Internet of Things. Main enabling factor of this promising paradigm is the integration of several technologies and communications solutions. Identification and tracking technologies, wired and wireless sensor and actuator networks, enhanced communication protocols (shared with the Next Generation Internet), and distributed intelligence for smart objects are just the most relevant. As one can easily imagine, any serious contribution to the advance of the Internet of Things must necessarily be the result of synergetic activities conducted in different fields of knowledge, such as telecommunications, informatics, electronics and social science. In such a complex scenario, this survey is directed to those who want to approach this complex discipline and contribute to its development. Different visions of this Internet of Things paradigm are reported and enabling technologies reviewed. What emerges is that still major issues shall be faced by the research community. The most relevant among them are addressed in details.

15. 题名：Wireless sensor network survey 出处：Computer Networks, Volume 52, Issue 12, August 2008, Pages 2292-2330作者：Yick, J.; Mukherjee, B.; Ghosal, D. 摘 要 ： A wireless sensor network (WSN) has important applications such as remote environmental monitoring and target tracking. This has been enabled by the availability, particularly in recent years, of sensors that are smaller, cheaper, and intelligent. These sensors are equipped with wireless interfaces with which they can communicate with one another to form a network. The design of a WSN depends significantly on the application, and it must consider factors such as the environment, the application’s design objectives, cost, hardware, and system constraints. The goal of our survey is to present a comprehensive review of the recent literature since the publication of [I.F. Akyildiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, A survey on sensor networks, IEEE Communications Magazine, 2002]. Following a top-down approach, we give an overview of several new applications and then review the literature on various aspects of WSNs. We classify the problems into three different categories: (1) internal platform and underlying operating system, (2) communication protocol stack, and (3) network services, provisioning, and deployment. We review the major development in these three categories and outline new challenges.

16. 题 名 ： A review on polymer nanofibers by electrospinning and their applications in nanocomposites 出处：Composites Science and Technology, Volume 63, Issue 15, November 2003, Pages 2223-2253作者：Huang, Z.-M.; Zhang, Y.-Z.; Kotaki, M.; Ramakrishna, S. 摘 要 ： Electrospinning has been recognized as an efficient technique for the fabrication of polymer nanofibers. Various polymers have been successfully electrospun into ultrafine fibers in recent years mostly in solvent solution and some in melt form. Potential applications based on such fibers specifically their use as reinforcement in nanocomposite development have been realized. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on the researches and developments related to electrospun polymer nanofibers including processing, structure and property characterization, applications, and modeling and simulations. Information of those polymers together with their processing conditions for electrospinning of ultrafine fibers has been

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summarized in the paper. Other issues regarding the technology limitations, research challenges, and future trends are also discussed.

17. 题名：Review on thermal energy storage with phase change: materials, heat transfer analysis and applications 出处：Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 23, Issue 3, February 2003, Pages 251-283作者：Zalba, B.; Marn, J.M.S.T.; Cabeza, L.F.; Mehling, H. 摘要：Thermal energy storage in general, and phase change materials (PCMs) in particular, have been a main topic in research for the last 20 years, but although the information is quantitatively enormous, it is also spread widely in the literature, and difficult to find. In this work, a review has been carried out of the history of thermal energy storage with solid–liquid phase change. Three aspects have been the focus of this review: materials, heat transfer and applications. The paper contains listed over 150 materials used in research as PCMs, and about 45 commercially available PCMs. The paper lists over 230 references.

18. 题名：Surface plasmon resonance sensors: review 出处：Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, Volume 54, Issue 1-2, January 1999, Pages 3-15作者：Homola, J.; Yee, S.S.; Gauglitz, G. 摘 要 ： Since the first application of the surface plasmon resonance (SPR) phenomenon for sensing almost two decades ago, this method has made great strides both in terms of instrumentation development and applications. SPR sensor technology has been commercialized and SPR biosensors have become a central tool for characterizing and quantifying biomolecular interactions. This paper attempts to review the major developments in SPR technology. Main application areas are outlined and examples of applications of SPR sensor technology are presented. Future prospects of SPR sensor technology are discussed.

19. 题名：Piecewise affine modeling and control of a boilerturbine unit 出处：Applied Thermal Engineering, Volume 30, Issue 8-9, June 2010, Pages 781-791作者：Keshavarz, M.; Barkhordari Yazdi, M.; Jahed-Motlagh, M.R. 摘 要 ： In this paper, a discrete-time piecewise affine (PWA) model has been proposed for a nonlinear model of boiler–turbine unit using plant operating points. PWA model is one of the main classes of hybrid systems being equivalent to some other hybrid modeling frameworks such as mixed logical dynamical (MLD) model. In order to control the system, a model predictive control (MPC) strategy in explicit form has been used which calculates the control law as an affine function of system states. In this method, the computation of MPC is moved off-line. The off-line control law is easier to implement reducing to a look-up table in comparison with the on-line approach. Finally, the explicit model predictive control performance has been compared with the linear controller obtained using H∞ approach. The results are illustrated by simulations. They show that the explicit MPC method has suitably improved the system performance, especially the quantity of control efforts is smaller and without saturation compared with that of H∞ control system.

20. 题 名 ： Iterative technique and finite element simulation for supplemental condition monitoring of water-tube boiler

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出处：Simulation Modelling Practice and Theory, Volume 17, Issue 5, May 2009, Pages 897-910作者：Purbolaksono, J.; Khinani, A.; Ali, A.A.; Rashid, A.Z.; Nordin, N.F. 摘要：Process of monitoring a parameter of condition in heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) system is particularly important. In this paper a new supplemental method for condition monitoring of water-tube boiler (superheater and reheater) through iterative technique and finite element simulation is proposed. The method is utilizing the empirical formula for estimating scale thickness developed on the inner surface of the tube over period of time. An iterative procedure is carried out to determine the average temperature in the tube as scale thickness on the inner surface increases. Different heat transfer parameters governing the problem are used and evaluated. The results obtained by using the proposed method are verified with the actual data of the available reports. Examples on failure analysis of the boiler tube utilizing the proposed technique are presented. The method may provide better estimation, provided that all the heat transfer parameters are well specified by the HRSG operators.

21. 题名：Decreasing formaldehyde emission from medium density fiberboard panels produced by adding different amine compounds to urea formaldehyde resin 出处：ernational Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives, Volume 31, Issue 7, October 2011, Pages 674-678作者：an, S.; Usta, M.; Gumuskaya, E. 出处：In this study, medium density fiberboard panels were produced by adding different ratios of some amine compounds to urea formaldehyde resin, which had 1:1.17 mol ratios. The formaldehyde contents, physical, and mechanical properties of medium density fiberboard panels were determined according to EN standard methods.

In this study, it was determined that the formaldehyde emission emitted from medium density fiberboard panels decreased by adding urea, propylamine, methylamine, ethylamine, and cyclopentylamine solution. It was found that the water absorption and thickness swelling values increased slightly; however, the internal bond strength, modulus of rupture, and modulus of elasticity of medium density fiberboard panels also increased substantially, but these properties of medium density fiberboard panels decreased by adding higher ratios of urea solution. It was found that the formaldehyde emission of medium density fiberboard panels decreased 16.5% by using a 16% rate of urea formaldehyde resin and 0.8% rate of urea and ethylamine solution. These decreases were determined as 57% for cyclopentylamine solution addition, 41% for propylamine solution addition, and 48% for methylamine solution addition.

22. 题名：Electrospinning: Applications in drug delivery and tissue engineering出处：materials, Volume 29, Issue 13, May 2008, Pages 1989-2006作者：l, T.J.; von Recum, H.A. 摘要：Despite its long history and some preliminary work in tissue engineering nearly 30 years ago, electrospinning has not gained widespread interest as a potential polymer processing technique for applications in tissue engineering and drug delivery until the last 5–10 years. This renewed interest can be attributed to electrospinning's relative ease of use, adaptability, and the ability to fabricate fibers with diameters on the nanometer size scale. Furthermore, the electrospinning process affords the opportunity to engineer scaffolds with micro to nanoscale

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topography and high porosity similar to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM). The inherently high surface to volume ratio of electrospun scaffolds can enhance cell attachment, drug loading, and mass transfer properties. Various materials can be electrospun including: biodegradable, non-degradable, and natural materials. Electrospun fibers can be oriented or arranged randomly, giving control over both the bulk mechanical properties and the biological response to the scaffold. Drugs ranging from antibiotics and anticancer agents to proteins, DNA, and RNA can be incorporated into electrospun scaffolds. Suspensions containing living cells have even been electrospun successfully. The applications of electrospinning in tissue engineering and drug delivery are nearly limitless. This review summarizes the most recent and state of the art work in electrospinning and its uses in tissue engineering and drug delivery.

23. 题名：Dynamic simulation of fouling in a circulating fluidized biomass-fired boiler 出处：lied Energy, Volume 88, Issue 5, May 2011, Pages 1813-1824作者：dberg, J.; Fdhila, R.B.; Dahlquist, E.; Avelin, A. 摘 要 ： A dynamic model is presented for a biomass-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler. The model is based on energy and mass balances for the components in the boiler and on a combustion model for the fluidized bed. The main purpose of the model is to simulate how deposits affect the boiler efficiency and performance. The model is verified against the municipal circulating fluidized bed boiler in Västerås, Sweden, which produces 157 MW. The distribution of deposits on the surfaces in the boiler is well known from inspections. These observations are used as inputs to the model to simulate their effects on boiler performance.

The heat exchanger most affected by fouling is Superheater 2, which is the first heat exchanger in the flue gas channel. Deposits typically reduce the heat transfer rate by half over a season despite soot blowing. This and other fouling scenarios are simulated and presented in this article.

The simulations show that fouling on superheaters redistributes the heat transfer rate from the superheaters to Reheater 1 and partially redistributes turbine power from the high pressure turbine to the intermediate pressure turbine. If the boiler is running at maximum load, water injection to Reheater 1 has to increase to maintain temperatures below the permitted limit. The dynamic effects of fouling are small and the total efficiency of the boiler is only marginally affected.

Fouling on evaporating surfaces has major dynamic effects and dramatically decreases the boiler efficiency. A decrease in fuel rate flow is needed to maintain temperatures in the fluidised bed and in the flue gas channel within acceptable limits.

24. 题名：Heat transfer -A review of 2004 literature 出处：International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Volume 53, Issue 21-22, October 2010, Pages 4343-4396作者：Goldstein, R.J.; Ibele, W.E.; Patankar, S.V.; Simon, T.W.; Kuehn, T.H.; Strykowski, P.J.; Tamma, K.K.; Heberlein, J.V.R.; Davidson, J.H.; Bischof, J.; Kulacki, F.A.; Kortshagen, U.; Garrick, S.; Srinivasan, V.; Ghosh, K.; Mittal, R. 摘 要 ： The present review covers the heat transfer literature published in 2004 in English language, including some translations of foreign language papers. Though extensive, some

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selection is necessary. Only articles published by a process of peer review in archival journals are reviewed. Papers are grouped into subject-oriented sections and further divided into sub-fields. Many papers deal with the fundamental science of heat transfer, including experimental, numerical and analytical work; others relate to applications or natural systems. In addition to reviewing journal articles, this Review also takes note of important conferences and meetings on heat transfer and related areas, major awards presented in 2004, and relevant books published in 2004.

25. 题名：Biomechanical analysis of the stance phase during barefoot and shod running - some possible relationships 出处：Journal of Biomechanics, Volume 33, Issue 3, March 2000, Pages 269-278作者：De Wit, B.; De Clercq, D.; Aerts, P. 摘要：This study investigated spatio-temporal variables, ground reaction forces and sagittal and frontal plane kinematics during the stance phase of nine trained subjects running barefoot and shod at three different velocities (3.5, 4.5, 5.5 m s-1). Differences between conditions were detected with the general linear method (factorial model). Barefoot running is characterized by a significantly larger external loading rate than the shod condition. The flatter foot placement at touchdown is prepared in free flight, implying an actively induced adaptation strategy. In the barefoot condition, plantar pressure measurements reveal a flatter foot placement to correlate with lower peak heel pressures. Therefore, it is assumed that runners adopt this different touchdown geometry in barefoot running in an attempt to limit the local pressure underneath the heel. A significantly higher leg stiffness during the stance phase was found for the barefoot condition. The sagittal kinematic adaptations between conditions were found in the same way for all subjects and at the three running velocities. However, large individual variations were observed between the runners for the rearfoot kinematics.

三、IEL Top20（来源：http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/）

1. 题 目 ： IEEE Standard for Information technology--Telecommunications and information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan area networks--Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications出处：IEEE Std 802.11-2012 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.11-2007) Page(s):1 - 2793 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/IEEESTD.2012.6178212 摘 要 ： This revision specifies technical corrections and clarifications to IEEE Std 802.11 for

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wireless local area networks (WLANS) as well as enhancements to the existing medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) functions. It also incorporates Amendments 1 to 10 published in 2008 to 2011.

2. 题目：Security threats in cloud computing作者：Shaikh, F.B. Haider, S. 出 处 ： Internet Technology and Secured Transactions (ICITST), 2011 International Conference for Page(s):214 - 219 摘 要 ： Cloud computing is set of resources and services offered through the Internet. Cloud services are delivered from data centers located throughout the world. Cloud computing facilitates its consumers by providing virtual resources via internet. General example of cloud services is Google apps, provided by Google and Microsoft SharePoint. The rapid growth in field of “cloud computing” also increases severe security concerns. Security has remained a constant issue for Open Systems and internet, when we are talking about security cloud really suffers. Lack of security is the only hurdle in wide adoption of cloud computing. Cloud computing is surrounded by many security issues like securing data, and examining the utilization of cloud by the cloud computing vendors. The wide acceptance www has raised security risks along with the uncountable benefits, so is the case with cloud computing. The boom in cloud computing has brought lots of security challenges for the consumers and service providers. How the end users of cloud computing know that their information is not having any availability and security issues? Every one poses, Is their information secure? This study aims to identify the most vulnerable security threats in cloud computing, which will enable both end users and vendors to know about the key security threats associated with cloud computing. Our work will enable researchers and security professionals to know about users and vendors concerns and critical analysis about the different security models and tools proposed.

3. 题目：A fast and elitist multiobjective genetic algorithm: NSGA-II作者：Deb, K. Pratap, A. Agarwal, S. Meyarivan, T. 出处：Evolutionary Computation, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 6 Issue: 2 Date: Apr 2002 Page(s):182 - 197 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/4235.996017 摘 要 ： Multi-objective evolutionary algorithms (MOEAs) that use non-dominated sorting and sharing have been criticized mainly for: (1) their O(MN3) computational complexity (where M is the number of objectives and N is the population size); (2) their non-elitism approach; and (3) the need to specify a sharing parameter. In this paper, we suggest a non-dominated sorting-based MOEA, called NSGA-II (Non-dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II), which alleviates all of the above three difficulties. Specifically, a fast non-dominated sorting approach with O(MN2) computational complexity is presented. Also, a selection operator is presented that creates a mating pool by combining the parent and offspring populations and selecting the best N solutions (with respect to fitness and spread). Simulation results on difficult test problems show that NSGA-II is able, for most problems, to find a much better spread of solutions and better convergence near the true Pareto-optimal front compared to the Pareto-archived evolution strategy and the strength-Pareto evolutionary algorithm - two other elitist MOEAs that pay special attention to creating a

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diverse Pareto-optimal front. Moreover, we modify the definition of dominance in order to solve constrained multi-objective problems efficiently. Simulation results of the constrained NSGA-II on a number of test problems, including a five-objective, seven-constraint nonlinear problem, are compared with another constrained multi-objective optimizer, and the much better performance of NSGA-II is observed

4. 题目：Understanding Cloud Computing Vulnerabilities作者：Grobauer, B. Walloschek, T. Stocker, E. 出处：Security & Privacy, IEEE Volume: 9 Issue: 2 Date: March-April 2011 Page(s):50 - 57 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/MSP.2010.115 摘 要 ： The current discourse about cloud computing security issues makes a well-founded assessment of cloud computing's security impact difficult for two primary reasons. First, as is true for many discussions about risk, basic vocabulary such as "risk," "threat," and "vulnerability" are often used as if they were interchangeable, without regard to their respective definitions. Second, not every issue that's raised is really specific to cloud computing. We can achieve an accurate understanding of the security issue "delta" that cloud computing really adds by analyzing how cloud computing influences each risk factor. One important factor concerns vulnerabilities: cloud computing makes certain well-understood vulnerabilities more significant and adds new vulnerabilities. Here, the authors define four indicators of cloud-specific vulnerabilities, introduce a security-specific cloud reference architecture, and provide examples of cloud-specific vulnerabilities for each architectural component.

5. 题目：IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications出处：IEEE Std 830-1998 Page(s):i Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/IEEESTD.1998.88286 摘 要 ： The content and qualities of a good software requirements specification (SRS) are described, and several sample SRS outlines are presented. This recommended practice is aimed at specifying the requirements of software to be developed, but can also be applied to assist in the selection of in-house and commercial software products. Guidelines for compliance with IEEE/EIA Std 12207.1-1997 are also provided.

6. 题目：Cognitive radio: brain-empowered wireless communications作者：Haykin, S. 出处：Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on Volume: 23 Issue: 2 Date: Feb. 2005 Page(s): 201 - 220 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/JSAC.2004.839380 摘要：Cognitive radio is viewed as a novel approach for improving the utilization of a precious natural resource: the radio electromagnetic spectrum. The cognitive radio, built on a software-defined radio, is defined as an intelligent wireless communication system that is aware of its environment and uses the methodology of understanding-by-building to learn from the environment and adapt to statistical variations in the input stimuli, with two primary objectives in mind: · highly reliable communication whenever and wherever needed; · efficient utilization of

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the radio spectrum. Following the discussion of interference temperature as a new metric for the quantification and management of interference, the paper addresses three fundamental cognitive tasks. 1) Radio-scene analysis. 2) Channel-state estimation and predictive modeling. 3) Transmit-power control and dynamic spectrum management. This work also discusses the emergent behavior of cognitive radio.

7. 题目：Particle swarm optimization作者：Kennedy, J. Eberhart, R. 出处：Neural Networks, 1995. Proceedings., IEEE International Conference on Volume: 4 Page(s):1942 - 1948 vol.4 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/ICNN.1995.488968 摘要：A concept for the optimization of nonlinear functions using particle swarm methodology is introduced. The evolution of several paradigms is outlined, and an implementation of one of the paradigms is discussed. Benchmark testing of the paradigm is described, and applications, including nonlinear function optimization and neural network training, are proposed. The relationships between particle swarm optimization and both artificial life and genetic algorithms are described.

8. 题目：Smart Grid Technologies: Communication Technologies and Standards作者：Gungor, V.C. Sahin, D. Kocak, T. Ergut, S. Buccella, C. Cecati, C. Hancke, G.P. 出处：Industrial Informatics, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Date: Nov. 2011 Page(s):529 - 539 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/TII.2011.2166794 摘要：For 100 years, there has been no change in the basic structure of the electrical power grid. Experiences have shown that the hierarchical, centrally controlled grid of the 20th Century is ill-suited to the needs of the 21st Century. To address the challenges of the existing power grid, the new concept of smart grid has emerged. The smart grid can be considered as a modern electric power grid infrastructure for enhanced efficiency and reliability through automated control, high-power converters, modern communications infrastructure, sensing and metering technologies, and modern energy management techniques based on the optimization of demand, energy and network availability, and so on. While current power systems are based on a solid information and communication infrastructure, the new smart grid needs a different and much more complex one, as its dimension is much larger. This paper addresses critical issues on smart grid technologies primarily in terms of information and communication technology (ICT) issues and opportunities. The main objective of this paper is to provide a contemporary look at the current state of the art in smart grid communications as well as to discuss the still-open research issues in this field. It is expected that this paper will provide a better understanding of the technologies, potential advantages and research challenges of the smart grid and provoke interest among the research community to further explore this promising research area.

9. 题目：Compressed sensing作者：Donoho, D.L. 出处：Information Theory, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 52 Issue: 4 Date: April 2006 Page(s):1289 - 1306

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Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/TIT.2006.871582 摘要：Suppose x is an unknown vector in Ropfm (a digital image or signal); we plan to measure n general linear functionals of x and then reconstruct. If x is known to be compressible by transform coding with a known transform, and we reconstruct via the nonlinear procedure defined here, the number of measurements n can be dramatically smaller than the size m. Thus, certain natural classes of images with m pixels need only n=O(m1/4log5/2(m)) nonadaptive nonpixel samples for faithful recovery, as opposed to the usual m pixel samples. More specifically, suppose x has a sparse representation in some orthonormal basis (e.g., wavelet, Fourier) or tight frame (e.g., curvelet, Gabor)-so the coefficients belong to an lscrp ball for 0<ples1. The N most important coefficients in that expansion allow reconstruction with lscr2 error O(N1/2-1p/). It is possible to design n=O(Nlog(m)) nonadaptive measurements allowing reconstruction with accuracy comparable to that attainable with direct knowledge of the N most important coefficients. Moreover, a good approximation to those N important coefficients is extracted from the n measurements by solving a linear program-Basis Pursuit in signal processing. The nonadaptive measurements have the character of "random" linear combinations of basis/frame elements. Our results use the notions of optimal recovery, of n-widths, and information-based complexity. We estimate the Gel'fand n-widths of lscrp balls in high-dimensional Euclidean space in the case 0<ples1, and give a criterion identifying near- optimal subspaces for Gel'fand n-widths. We show that "most" subspaces are near-optimal, and show that convex optimization (Basis Pursuit) is a near-optimal way to extract information derived from these near-optimal subspaces.

10. 题目：LTE-advanced: next-generation wireless broadband technology [Invited Paper]作者：Ghosh, A. Ratasuk, R. Mondal, B. Mangalvedhe, N. Thomas, T. 出处：Wireless Communications, IEEE Volume: 17 Issue: 3 Date: June 2010 Page(s):10 - 22 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/MWC.2010.5490974 摘要：LTE Release 8 is one of the primary broadband technologies based on OFDM, which is currently being commercialized. LTE Release 8, which is mainly deployed in a macro/microcell layout, provides improved system capacity and coverage, high peak data rates, low latency, reduced operating costs, multi-antenna support, flexible bandwidth operation and seamless integration with existing systems. LTE-Advanced (also known as LTE Release 10) significantly enhances the existing LTE Release 8 and supports much higher peak rates, higher throughput and coverage, and lower latencies, resulting in a better user experience. Additionally, LTE Release 10 will support heterogeneous deployments where low-power nodes comprising picocells, femtocells, relays, remote radio heads, and so on are placed in a macrocell layout. The LTE-Advanced features enable one to meet or exceed IMT-Advanced requirements. It may also be noted that LTE Release 9 provides some minor enhancement to LTE Release 8 with respect to the air interface, and includes features like dual-layer beamforming and time-difference- of-arrival-based location techniques. In this article an overview of the techniques being considered for LTE Release 10 (aka LTEAdvanced) is discussed. This includes bandwidth extension via carrier aggregation to support deployment bandwidths up to 100 MHz, downlink spatial multiplexing including single-cell multi-user multiple-input multiple-output transmission and coordinated multi point transmission, uplink spatial multiplexing including extension to four-layer MIMO, and heterogeneous networks with emphasis on Type 1 and Type 2 relays. Finally, the performance of LTEAdvanced using IMT-A

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scenarios is presented and compared against IMT-A targets for full buffer and bursty traffic model.

11. 题目：Data Security in the World of Cloud Computing作者：Kaufman, L.M. 出处：Security & Privacy, IEEE Volume: 7 Issue: 4 Date: July-Aug. 2009 Page(s):61 - 64 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/MSP.2009.87 摘要：Today, we have the ability to utilize scalable, distributed computing environments within the confines of the Internet, a practice known as cloud computing. In this new world of computing, users are universally required to accept the underlying premise of trust. Within the cloud computing world, the virtual environment lets users access computing power that exceeds that contained within their own physical worlds. Typically, users will know neither the exact location of their data nor the other sources of the data collectively stored with theirs. The data you can find in a cloud ranges from public source, which has minimal security concerns, to private data containing highly sensitive information (such as social security numbers, medical records, or shipping manifests for hazardous material). Does using a cloud environment alleviate the business entities of their responsibility to ensure that proper security measures are in place for both their data and applications, or do they share joint responsibility with service providers? The answers to this and other questions lie within the realm of yet-to-be-written law. As with most technological advances, regulators are typically in a "catch-up" mode to identify policy, governance, and law. Cloud computing presents an extension of problems heretofore experienced with the Internet. To ensure that such decisions are informed and appropriate for the cloud computing environment, the industry itself should establish coherent and effective policy and governance to identify and implement proper security methods.

12. 题目：Intrusion Detection for Grid and Cloud Computing作者：Vieira, K. Schulter, A. Westphall, C.B. Westphall, C.M. 出处：IT Professional Volume: 12 Issue: 4 Date: July-Aug. 2010 Page(s):38 - 43 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/MITP.2009.89 摘 要 ： Providing security in a distributed system requires more than user authentication with passwords or digital certificates and confidentiality in data transmission. The Grid and Cloud Computing Intrusion Detection System integrates knowledge and behavior analysis to detect intrusions.

13. 题目：Miniaturization of Patch Antennas Using a Metamaterial-Inspired Technique作者：Ouedraogo, R.O. Rothwell, E.J. Diaz, A.R. Fuchi, K. Temme, A. 出处：Antennas and Propagation, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 60 Issue: 5 Date: May 2012 Page(s):2175 - 2182 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/TAP.2012.2189699 摘 要 ： A new design methodology for producing highly miniaturized patch antennas is introduced. The methodology uses complementary split-ring resonators placed horizontally between the patch and the ground plane. By optimizing the geometry of the split rings, sub-wavelength resonance of the patch antenna can be achieved with a good impedance match and

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radiation characteristics comparable to those of a traditional patch antenna on a finite ground plane. Construction of the optimized antenna is straightforward, requiring only the sandwiching of two etched circuit boards. High levels of miniaturization are demonstrated through simulations and experiments, with reductions of a factor of more than four in transverse dimension achieved for a circular patch resonant at 2.45 GHz. Although miniaturization is accompanied by a decrease in antenna radiation efficiency and a loss of fractional bandwidth, antenna performance remains acceptable even for a 1/16 reduction in patch area.

14. 题目：Performance analysis of the IEEE 802.11 distributed coordination functionBianchi, G. 出处：Selected Areas in Communications, IEEE Journal on Volume: 18 Issue: 3 Date: Mar 2000 Page(s):535 - 547 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/49.840210 摘 要 ： The IEEE has standardized the 802.11 protocol for wireless local area networks. The primary medium access control (MAC) technique of 802.11 is called the distributed coordination function (DCF). The DCF is a carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) scheme with binary slotted exponential backoff. This paper provides a simple, but nevertheless extremely accurate, analytical model to compute the 802.11 DCF throughput, in the assumption of finite number of terminals and ideal channel conditions. The proposed analysis applies to both the packet transmission schemes employed by DCF, namely, the basic access and the RTS/CTS access mechanisms. In addition, it also applies to a combination of the two schemes, in which packets longer than a given threshold are transmitted according to the RTS/CTS mechanism. By means of the proposed model, we provide an extensive throughput performance evaluation of both access mechanisms of the 802.11 protocol.

15. 题目：IEEE Recommended Practices and Requirements for Harmonic Control in Electrical Power Systems出处：IEEE Std 519-1992 Page(s):0_1 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/IEEESTD.1993.114370 摘要：This guide applies to all types of static power converters used in industrial and commercial power systems. The problems involved in the harmonic control and reactive power compensation of such converters are addressed, and an application guide is provided. Limits of disturbances to the AC power distribution system that affect other equipment and communications are recommended.

16. 题目：A survey on sensor networks作者：Akyildiz, I.F. Weilian Su Sankarasubramaniam, Y. Cayirci, E. 出处：Communications Magazine, IEEE Volume: 40 Issue: 8 Date: Aug 2002 Page(s): 102 - 114 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/MCOM.2002.1024422 摘 要 ： The advancement in wireless communications and electronics has enabled the development of low-cost sensor networks. The sensor networks can be used for various application areas (e.g., health, military, home). For different application areas, there are different

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technical issues that researchers are currently resolving. The current state of the art of sensor networks is captured in this article, where solutions are discussed under their related protocol stack layer sections. This article also points out the open research issues and intends to spark new interests and developments in this field.

17. 题目：Cloud computing security threats and responses作者：Sabahi, F. 出 处 ： Communication Software and Networks (ICCSN), 2011 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Page(s):245 - 249 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/ICCSN.2011.6014715 摘要：Cloud computing is one of today's most exciting technologies due to its ability to reduce costs associated with computing while increasing flexibility and scalability for computer processes. During the past few years, cloud computing has grown from being a promising business idea to one of the fastest growing parts of the IT industry. IT organizations have expresses concern about critical issues (such as security) that exist with the widespread implementation of cloud computing. These types of concerns originate from the fact that data is stored remotely from the customer's location; in fact, it can be stored at any location. Security, in particular, is one of the most argued-about issues in the cloud computing field; several enterprises look at cloud computing warily due to projected security risks. The risks of compromised security and privacy may be lower overall, however, with cloud computing than they would be if the data were to be stored on individual machines instead of in a so - called "cloud" (the network of computers used for remote storage and maintenance). Comparison of the benefits and risks of cloud computing with those of the status quo are necessary for a full evaluation of the viability of cloud computing. Consequently, some issues arise that clients need to consider as they contemplate moving to cloud computing for their businesses. In this paper I summarize reliability, availability, and security issues for cloud computing (RAS issues), and propose feasible and available solutions for some of them.

18. 题目：An Introduction To Compressive Sampling作者：Candes, E.J. Wakin, M.B. 出处：Signal Processing Magazine, IEEE Volume: 25 Issue: 2 Date: March 2008 Page(s):21 - 30 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/MSP.2007.914731 摘 要 ： Conventional approaches to sampling signals or images follow Shannon's theorem: the sampling rate must be at least twice the maximum frequency present in the signal (Nyquist rate). In the field of data conversion, standard analog-to-digital converter (ADC) technology implements the usual quantized Shannon representation - the signal is uniformly sampled at or above the Nyquist rate. This article surveys the theory of compressive sampling, also known as compressed sensing or CS, a novel sensing/sampling paradigm that goes against the common wisdom in data acquisition. CS theory asserts that one can recover certain signals and images from far fewer samples or measurements than traditional methods use.

19. 题目：Power-Electronic Systems for the Grid Integration of Renewable Energy Sources: A Survey

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作者：Carrasco, J.M. Franquelo, L.G. Bialasiewicz, J.T. Galvan, E. Guisado, R.C.P. Prats, Ma.A.M. Leon, J.I. Moreno-Alfonso, N. 出处：Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 53 Issue: 4 Date: June 2006 Page(s):1002 - 1016 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/TIE.2006.878356 摘要：The use of distributed energy resources is increasingly being pursued as a supplement and an alternative to large conventional central power stations. The specification of a power-electronic interface is subject to requirements related not only to the renewable energy source itself but also to its effects on the power-system operation, especially where the intermittent energy source constitutes a significant part of the total system capacity. In this paper, new trends in power electronics for the integration of wind and photovoltaic (PV) power generators are presented. A review of the appropriate storage-system technology used for the integration of intermittent renewable energy sources is also introduced. Discussions about common and future trends in renewable energy systems based on reliability and maturity of each technology are presented.

20. 题 目 ： Overview of Control and Grid Synchronization for Distributed Power Generation Systems作者：Blaabjerg, F. Teodorescu, R. Liserre, M. Timbus, A.V. 出处：Industrial Electronics, IEEE Transactions on Volume: 53 Issue: 5 Date: Oct. 2006 Page(s):1398 - 1409 Digital Object Identifier : 10.1109/TIE.2006.881997 摘要：Renewable energy sources like wind, sun, and hydro are seen as a reliable alternative to the traditional energy sources such as oil, natural gas, or coal. Distributed power generation systems (DPGSs) based on renewable energy sources experience a large development worldwide, with Germany, Denmark, Japan, and USA as leaders in the development in this field. Due to the increasing number of DPGSs connected to the utility network, new and stricter standards in respect to power quality, safe running, and islanding protection are issued. As a consequence, the control of distributed generation systems should be improved to meet the requirements for grid interconnection. This paper gives an overview of the structures for the DPGS based on fuel cell, photovoltaic, and wind turbines. In addition, control structures of the grid-side converter are presented, and the possibility of compensation for low-order harmonics is also discussed. Moreover, control strategies when running on grid faults are treated. This paper ends up with an overview of synchronization methods and a discussion about their importance in the control.

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四、ACM 最新会议（来源：http://www.acm.org/）

1.会议名称： HPDC'12: ACM Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing会议时间：June 18 - June 22 2012会议地点：Delft Netherlands会 议 简 介 ： The organizing committee is delighted to invite you to HPDC'12, the 21st International ACM Symposium on High-Performance Parallel and Distributed Computing, to be held in Delft, the Netherlands, which is a historic, picturesque city that is less than one hour away from Amsterdam-Schiphol airport.HPDC is the premier annual conference on the design, the implementation, the evaluation, and the use of parallel and distributed systems for high-end computing. HPDC is sponsored by SIGARCH, the Special Interest Group on Computer Architecture of the Association for Computing Machinery.HPDC'12 will be held at Delft University of Technology, with the main conference taking place on June 20-22 (Wednesday to Friday 1 PM), and with affiliated workshops on June 18-19 (Monday and Tuesday). HPDC'12 is co-located with the Open Grid Forum (OGF 35), which is held on June 17-19 (Sunday-Tuesday) in the same venue. On the days of overlap of the two events (Monday and Tuesday), participants of HPDC'12 have free access to the workshops and sessions of OGF35 and vice-versa. 论文提交网址：http://www.hpdc.org/2012/

2. 会议名称：ISMM '12会议时间：June 15 - June 16 2012会议地点：Beijing China会议简介： ISMM is a forum for research in areas related to memory management. Areas of interest include but are not limited to:Memory system correctness, design and analysisAnalysis of heap intensive programsCompiler analyses and tools to aid memory managementProgram analysis, synthesis and verificationGarbage collectionMemory allocation and deallocationDevelopment and evaluation of open source implementationsMemory management algorithms, implementation, and correctnessISMM solicits full-length submissions covering new work on these topics, as well as papers presenting confirmations or refutations of important prior results. Surveys and comparative

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analyses that shed new light on previously published techniques are also welcome.论文提交网址：http://ismm12.cs.purdue.edu/

3. 会议名称:SACMAT '12: The ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies会议时间：June 20 - June 22 2012会议地点：Newark NJ USA会议简介：The ACM Symposium on Access Control Models and Technologies (SACMAT) is the premier forum for the presentation of research results and experience reports on leading edge issues of access control, including models, systems, applications, and theory. The aims of the symposium are to share novel access control solutions that fulfil the needs of heterogeneous applications and environments, and to identify new directions for future research and development. SACMAT provides researchers and practitioners with a unique opportunity to share their perspectives with others interested in the various aspects of access control.论文提交网址：http://www.sacmat.org/2012/index.php

4. 会议名称: ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry 2012会议时间：June 17 - June 20 2012会议地点：Chapel Hill NC USA会议简介：This year we are pleased to announce an expanded set of events that will be co-located with the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Computational Geometry (SoCG), hosted at UNC Chapel Hill, June 17-20, 2012. The activities span 4 full days (Sun-Wed), with an initial welcome reception on Saturday evening, June 16. Mornings will be devoted to SoCG paper presentations; afternoons will be devoted to activities that collectively go under the title Computational Geometry: Applications, Practice, and Theory (CG:APT). Together, these activities constitute “CG Week 2012″. See the schedule page (also in downloadable pdf form)论文提交网址：http://socg2012.web.unc.edu/

5. 会议名称: High Integrity Language Technology ACM SIGAda’s Annual International Conference会议时间：December 2-6, 2012 会议地点：Boston, Massachusetts (USA)会议简介：High integrity software must not only meet correctness and performance criteria but also satisfy stringent safety and/or security demands, typically entailing certification against a relevant standard. A significant factor affecting whether and how such requirements are met is the chosen language technology and its supporting tools: not just the programming language(s) but also languages for expressing specifications, program properties, domain models, and other attributes of the software or overall system. HILT 2012 will provide a forum for experts from academia/research, industry, and government to present the latest findings in designing, implementing, and using language technology for high integrity software. To this end we are soliciting technical papers, experience reports (including experience in teaching), and tutorial proposals on a broad range of relevant topics论文提交网址：http://www.sigada.org/conf/hilt2012/

6. 会议名称: 20th ACM SIGSPATIAL

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International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems (ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2012) 会议时间：November 6-9 2012 会议地点：Redondo Beach, California会议简介： The ACM SIGSPATIAL International Conference on Advances in Geographic Information Systems 2012 (ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2012) is the twentieth event in a series of symposia and workshops that began in 1993 with the aim of bringing together researchers, developers, users, and practitioners in relation to novel systems based on geo-spatial data and knowledge, and fostering interdisciplinary discussions and research in all aspects of geographic information systems. The conference provides a forum for original research contributions covering all conceptual, design, and implementation aspects of GIS ranging from applications, user interfaces, and visualization to data storage and query processing and indexing. The conference is the premier annual event of the ACM Special Interest Group on Spatial Information (ACM SIGSPATIAL). Researchers, students, and practitioners are invited to submit their contributions to ACM SIGSPATIAL GIS 2012.论文提交网址：http://acmgis2012.cs.umd.edu/

五、AIAA最新会议（来源：http://www.aiaa.org/）

1. 会议名称： Infotech@Aerospace 2012 会议时间：19 - 21 June 2012会议地点：Garden Grove, California会 议 简 介 ： Infotech@Aerospace (I@A) is AIAA’s premier forum for modern aerospace applications focusing on information-enabled systems, algorithms, hardware, and software, and provides a unique opportunity for fostering advances and interactions across these disciplines. Attendees and authors span military, scientific, commercial, and academic communities that are driven by the communication of information via computers and software. These communities will shape the 21st century development of aerospace systems. I@A will cover scientific and engineering issues related to architecting, designing, developing, operating, and maintaining modern aerospace and defense systems: this includes aircraft, spacecraft, ground systems, robots, avionics, and sensors, as well as systems of systems. Of particular interest are autonomous, cooperative, space, and unmanned systems, communication and networked systems, robotic systems, and human-machine interactions.论文提交网址：https://www.aiaa.org/I@A2012/

2. 会议名称：AIAA Fluid Dynamics and Co-located Conferences and Exhibit

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会议时间：25 - 28 June 2012会议地点：New Orleans, Louisiana会议简介：The event includes the following conferences:42nd AIAA Fluid Dynamics Conference and ExhibitPapers covering all aspects of fluid dynamics, particularly those relevant to aerospace applications will be presented. Topics range from basic research and development to applied and advanced technology. The co-location of this event with several other conferences enables close synergism and interaction between a broad range of research disciplines in fluid dynamics, and several joint sessions on topics of broad interest will be arranged. 43rd AIAA Plasmadynamics and Lasers ConferenceThis event will address current basic/applied research in the areas of plasmadynamics, lasers, electromagnetics, diagnostics, and related topics in nonequilibrium reacting flows. Contributed papers will describe contemporary experimental, analytical, and computational efforts. The conference program will focus on recent fundamental scientific advancements as well as many interdisciplinary contributions describing state-of-art technical developments and milestone achievements.43rd AIAA Thermophysics ConferenceThis event includes papers covering all aspects of heat transfer and thermophysics. Session topics range from basic research and development to applied and advanced technology, including novel experimental and computational observations, interdisciplinary papers that bridge theoretical and experimental approaches and papers that provide innovative concepts and analyses. Technical topic areas relate to thermal energy and heat transfer in aerospace and mechanical engineering applications. The Thermophysics Award Lecture features an invited lecture by the 2012 Thermophysics Award recipient. Additionally, the AIAA Thermophysics Technical Committee will present Best Paper Awards in both the Professional and Student Categories (with the student receiving a monetary award).30th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics ConferenceThis event provides a forum for the presentation and discussion of technical material in diverse areas of theoretical, computational, and experimental applied aerodynamics. Conference sessions will focus on technical topics in the areas of wind-tunnel and flight-testing aerodynamics, unsteady aerodynamics, subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic aerodynamics, sonic boom mitigation, high angle of attack and high lift aerodynamics, CFD high lift prediction, low-speed low-Reynolds number aerodynamics, bio-inspired aerodynamics, airfoil/wing/configuration aerodynamics, propeller/rotorcraft/wind-turbine aerodynamics, weapons and store separation aerodynamics, aerodynamic design methodologies, optimization methods in applied aerodynamics, active flow control, vortical /vortex flow, unmanned aerial vehicle designs/tests, propulsion aerodynamics, missile/projectile/guided-munitions aerodynamics, aerodynamic-structural dynamics interaction, and application of CFD methods to aerodynamic configurations validated against experimental data. 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, Ground Testing, and Flight Testing ConferenceThe 28th AMT/GT Conference will include papers related to all aspects of the science, technology, and application of ground testing and aerodynamic measurements, from basic research, to measurements for understanding complex flows, facility development, system test and

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evaluation, and sustainment and advancement of capabilities. Flight Testing topic areas will highlight state-of-the art capabilities for applying T&E to the development and fielding of emerging systems. The Ground Test Technical Committee will present best paper awards to exemplar submissions from the ground test topic areas.Aerospace T&E Days ForumTo build on the success of the Air Force T&E Days Conference, AIAA has now incorporated technical paper sessions with the 28th AIAA Aerodynamic Measurement Technology, Ground Testing and Flight Testing Conference and is introducing the Aerospace T&E Days Forum. The event will feature a senior panel of high-level leaders from industry, NASA, FAA, Navy, Army, and Air Force test organizations, discussing current and future T&E challenges. 6th AIAA Flow Control ConferenceThis biennial event is a forum for all aspects of flow control technology, emphasizing the multidisciplinary interaction among a diverse range of research disciplines with a common basis in fluid dynamics. Technical sessions range from sensing and actuation technology to applications of flow control across a wide spectrum of flow regimes including vortical flows, boundary layers, shear layers, wakes, separated flows, laminar separation bubbles, high-speed flows, and internal flows. Invited papers and presentations will be in special sessions on Closed-Loop Flow Control and Flow Control Actuators. A Progress in Flow Control poster session rounds out the conference with an informal discussion on recent developments and applications of flow control. 4th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments ConferenceThis event provides a forum for the presentation and discussion of scientific and technical information concerning interactions between aerospace systems and the atmospheric/space/planetary environment. Technical sessions will focus on both atmospheric and space environments and their effects on aircraft and spacecraft. Atmospheric topics begin with a session on wake vortex effects, followed by a review of activities under NASA’s Aviation Safety Hazard Mitigation Program. A joint session with the Applied Aerodynamics TC covers topics related to atmospheric environment and dynamics. A parallel track is focused in aircraft icing topics including CFD modeling, wind tunnel testing, and natural environment studies. Two special sessions are planned within this track: An update of NASA’s Icing Research Tunnel capabilities (joint with the Ground Testing TC) and a panel session of the Aircraft Icing Research Alliance to share information on current activities and allow for feedback from attendees. Space environments as simulated in the laboratory will be addressed also in a separate session. All technical sessions are arranged to provide an opportunity for researchers and professionals to share information and experiences, thereby increasing their technical benefit for all attendees.

3. 会议名称：42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems会议时间：15 - 19 July 2012会议地点：Location: San Diego, California会议简介：The 42nd International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES) will be held 15–19 July 2012 at the Hilton San Diego Resort and Spa, in San Diego, California. The conference is organized by the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA), and supported by the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), and the ICES International Committee (INT). The conference will cover the following topics related to humans living and working in hostile environments with

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applications inside or outside of terrestrial or outer space habitats or vehicles: aerospace human factors; environmental control and life-support system technology; environmental monitoring and controls; planetary protection; EVA system technology; life sciences; planetary habitats and systems; and thermal control systems technology for both manned and unmanned vehicles. The conference is open to participants from any nation, from academic, government, or industry organizations. There will be four days of technical presentations, with approximately 50 sessions.论文提交网址：https://www.aiaa.org/ICES2012/

4. 会议名称：48th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference & Exhibit and 10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference会议时间：29 July - 1 August 2012会议地点：Location: Atlanta, Georgia会议简介：48th Joint Propulsion ConferenceFuture Propulsion: Innovative, Affordable, SustainableAIAA, ASME, SAE, ASEE, and their industry partners proudly invite you to Atlanta, Georgia, for the 48th Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit (JPC). The design of our next generation flight and space systems will be dependent more than ever on innovative technologies providing high performance, increasingly efficient, sustainable, reliable, and affordable propulsion systems. Our ability to design, test, and fly new aircraft and spacecraft propulsion technologies will have far-reaching impacts on the revolutionary roles these complex systems play in our everyday lives.Come to Atlanta and be part of the exciting future of the aerospace propulsion industry. The objective for JPC 2012 is to identify and highlight how innovative aerospace propulsion technologies powering both new and evolving systems are being designed, tested, and flown. Flight applications include next-generation commercial aircraft, regional, and business jets, military applications, supersonic/hypersonic high speed propulsion applications, commercial and government-sponsored launch systems, orbital insertion, satellite, and interstellar propulsion. Special panel sessions to be announced will focus on advanced system applications that can be used to showcase propulsion systems and components, and the technologies that enable them.10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference Aerospace Capabilities Applied to Solving Terrestrial Energy Problems - A Game ChangerThe 10th International Energy Conversion Engineering Conference (IECEC) provides a forum to present and discuss engineering aspects of energy conversion technology, advanced energy and power systems, devices for terrestrial energy systems and aerospace applications, and the policies, programs, and environmental impacts associated with the development and utilization of these technologies. The IECEC is hosted by AIAA, which is joined this year by four participating organizations: the Heat Transfer Society of Japan, IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Society, Egyptian Society of Mechanical Engineers, and Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers.论文提交网址：https://www.aiaa.org/JPC2012/

5. 会议名称：2012 Regional Leadership Conference会议时间：2 - 3 August 2012会议地点：Location: Atlanta, Georgia会议简介：Co-located with the 2012 AIAA Joint Propulsion ConferenceThe 2012 Regional Leadership Conference (RLC) is an opportunity to introduce new Section

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Officers and Deputy Directors to the Institute’s resources and programs. In addition, it will provide Sections and Regions with information on upcoming events and new activities to increase Member motivation and encourage Member participation. The conference is open to all Section Officers and Deputy Directors: those experienced officers, as well as new recruits – including students. The skills introduced at the RLC will make your role as an AIAA Section Officer or Deputy Director a more rewarding experience and will give you the opportunity to leave a lasting impression on all areas of your professional and personal development!Students may find the conference beneficial. The information and leadership skills are applicable to student branches. Grad students may also find that acting as a section officer is a great opportunity. Also, you’ll have an opportunity to begin you professional networking.At this conference, you will:•Obtain the tools and resources needed to be an effective and efficient leader in your Section and Region.•Receive information on AIAA’s upcoming activities and new programs. •Have the opportunity to meet and network with other Section and Regional officers as well as members of AIAA’s Board of Directors.论文提交网址：https://www.aiaa.org/EventDetail.aspx?id=10484

6. 会议名称：AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control and Co-located Conferences会议时间：13 - 16 August 2012会议地点：| Minneapolis, Minnesota会议简介：This event includes the following conferences:AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control ConferenceThe AIAA Guidance, Navigation, and Control Conference is the largest forum dedicated to guidance, navigation, and control (GNC) serving the aerospace community. It brings together experts from industry, government, and academia on an international level to present and discuss all technical areas related to GNC for aerospace applications.AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics ConferenceThe AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics (AFM) Conference provides a forum for presentation and discussion of all technical areas related to atmospheric flight. It brings together experts from industry, government, and academia on an international level. Presentations will cover the topics of aircraft dynamics, unsteady and high-angle-of-attack aerodynamics, flying qualities, system identification, aerospace vehicle flight testing, projectile and missile dynamics, UAVs, MAVs, NAVs, expendable and reusable launch vehicles, airships and hybrid airships, and reentry and aeroassist vehicles. These technical sessions consist of formal presentations followed by an informal discussion. They are intended to serve as a platform to bring together experts and interested people, not only to discuss technical aspects, but also to cultivate professional relationships. AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies ConferenceThe annual AIAA Modeling and Simulation Technologies Conference provides an opportunity for aviation and aerospace professionals interested in modeling, simulation, and simulators to gather and share their recent work and latest findings. The conference is attended by representatives of industry, government, and academia from all over the world, and is intended to foster

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collaboration and help build professional relationships. Experts willing to share their thoughts, as well as those people seeking fresh knowledge and ideas, are encouraged to participate. The conference format consists of multiple technical sessions covering a wide range of topics in the field of modeling and simulation. Within each technical session is a series of formal presentations, each followed by an informal question-and-answer session.AIAA/AAS Astrodynamics Specialist ConferenceThe 2012 Astrodynamics Specialist Conference, hosted by AIAA and cosponsored by the American Astronautical Society (AAS), is organized by the AIAA Astrodynamics and the AAS Space Flight Mechanics technical committees.论文提交网址：https://www.aiaa.org/GNC2012/

7. 会议名称：AIAA Complex Aerospace Systems Exchange会议时间：11 - 13 September 2012会议地点：| Pasadena, California会议简介：Addressing System-Level Execution Issues Head-OnThis dynamic, engaging event tackles some of the most important system development issues facing aerospace chief engineers, program managers, and systems engineers today, such as minimizing cost overruns and delays, and mitigating late test failures. Participants will have the opportunity to hear insights, best practices, and lessons learned from recognized practitioners in each of these areas. Track topics are:•Complex Systems Development•Integration, Test, and Verification of Complex Systems•Program Management of Robust and Resilient Systems论文提交网址：https://www.aiaa.org/CASE/

六、IEEE最新会议（来源：http://www.ieee.org/index.html）

1. 会议名称：2012 IEEE 39th International Conference on Plasma Sciences (ICOPS)会议时间：08 Jul - 13 Jul 2012会议地点：| Edinburgh, United Kingdom会议简介：Fully and partially ionized plasmas, microwave-plasma interaction, charged particle beams and sources; high energy density plasmas and applications, industrial and medical applications of plasmas; plasma diagnostics; pulsed power and other plasma applictions论文提交网址：http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/ conferencedetails/index.html?Conf_ID=18601

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2. 会议名称：2012 IEEE 23rd International Symposium on Personal, Indoor and Mobile Radio Communications (PIMRC 2012)会议时间：09 Sep - 12 Sep 2012 会议地点：| Sydney, Australia会议简介： PIMRC conference enjoys today wide respect and represents a new trend in international conferences, one which is well suited to the evolving global market. It is uniquely identified by the following features: balance among academia, industry, and governmental organizations; international technical program; flexible organization.论文提交网址：http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/c onferencedetails/index.html?Conf_ID=19396

3. 会议名称：2012 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC)会议时间：14 Oct - 17 Oct 2012会议地点：| Seoul, Korea会议简介：Theory, research and technology advances including applications in all aspects of systems science and engineering, human machine systems, and emerging cybernetics.论文提交网址：http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/index.html?Conf_ID=20449

4. 会议名称：2012 IEEE Compound Semiconductor Integrated Circuit Symposium (CSICS)会议时间：14 Oct - 17 Oct 2012 会议地点：| San Diego, CA, USA会议简介：The CSIC Symposium is the preeminent international forum on developments in integrated circuits using compound semiconductores such as GaAs, SiGe and other materials. Coverage embraces all aspects of the technology from materials issues and device fabrication, through IC design and testing, high volume manufacturing, and system applications.论文提交网址：http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/index.html?Conf_ID=19277

5. 会议名称：2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2012 NSS/MIC)会议时间：27 Oct - 03 Nov 2012会议地点：| Anaheim, CA, USA会议简介：Forum for exchange of scientist and engineers working Nuclear Physics and Medical Imaging in technology and instrumentation and their implementation in experiments for particle physics, space, accelerators and other applications of radiation detection such as the technological and mathematical aspects of radiotracer-based medical imaging and other areas of non-Nuclear Molecular Imaging technologies.论文提交网址：http://www.ieee.org/conferences_events/conferences/conferencedetails/ index.html?Conf_ID=15626

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七 、 SCI Essential Science Indicators HOT

PAPERS（MATERIALS SCIENCE）

1. .被引用次数: 459 题名 : FOR THE BRIGHT FUTURE-BULK HETEROJUNCTION POLYMER SOLAR CELLS WITH POWER CONVERSION EFFICIENCY OF 7.4% 作者: LIANG YY; XU Z; XIA JB; TSAI ST; WU Y; LI G; RAY C; YU LP 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (20): E135-+ MAY 25 2010 地址:Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, 5735 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.Univ Chicago, Dept Chem, Chicago, IL 60637 USA.Solarmer Energy Inc, El Monte, CA 91731 USA.摘 要 : The photovoltaic performance of polymer bulk heterojunction solar cells is studied systematically. Using a new benzodithiophene polymer (PTB7) and PC(71)BM (see figure) a power conversion efficiency of 7.4% has been achieved in PTB7/PC(71)BM-blend film, indicating a great potential and bright future for polymer solar cells (FF = fill factor, PCE = power-conversion efficiency). 2 被引用次数: 397 题名: PLASMONICS FOR IMPROVED PHOTOVOLTAIC DEVICES 作者: ATWATER HA; POLMAN A 出处: NAT MATER 9 (3): 205-213 MAR 2010 地址:CALTECH, Ctr Sustainable Energy Res, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.CALTECH, Thomas J Watson Labs Appl Phys, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA.FOM Inst AMOLF, Ctr Nanophoton, NL-1098 XG Amsterdam, Netherlands.摘要: The emerging field of plasmonics has yielded methods for guiding and localizing light at the nanoscale, well below the scale of the wavelength of light in free space. Now plasmonics researchers are turning their attention to photovoltaics, where design approaches based on plasmonics can be used to improve absorption in photovoltaic devices, permitting a considerable reduction in the physical thickness of solar photovoltaic absorber layers, and yielding new options for solar-cell design. In this review, we survey recent advances at the intersection of plasmonics and photovoltaics and offer an outlook on the future of solar cells based on these principles.

3 被引用次数:: 383 题 名 : ROLL-TO-ROLL PRODUCTION OF 30-INCH GRAPHENE FILMS FOR TRANSPARENT ELECTRODES

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作者: BAE S; KIM H; LEE Y; XU XF; PARK JS; ZHENG Y; BALAKRISHNAN J; LEI T; KIM HR; SONG YI; KIM YJ; KIM KS; OZYILMAZ B; AHN JH; HONG BH; IIJIMA S 出处: NAT NANOTECHNOL 5 (8): 574-578 AUG 2010 地址: Sungkyunkwan Univ, SKKU Adv Inst Nanotechnol SAINT, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Sungkyunkwan Univ, Ctr Human Interface Nano Technol HINT, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Chem, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Mech Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Sungkyunkwan Univ, Sch Adv Mat Sci & Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Natl Univ Singapore, NanoCore & Dept Phys, Singapore 117576, Singapore.Natl Univ Singapore, NanoCore & Dept Phys, Singapore 117542, Singapore.Samsung Techwin, Digital & IT Solut Div, Songnam 462807, South Korea.Pohang Univ Sci & Technol, Dept Chem, Ctr Superfunct Mat, Pohang 790784, South Korea.Natl Inst Adv Ind Sci & Technol, Nanotube Res Ctr, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3058565, Japan.Meijo Univ, Fac Sci & Engn, Nagoya, Aichi 4688502, Japan.摘 要 : The outstanding electrical(1), mechanical(2,3) and chemical(4,5) properties of graphene make it attractive for applications in flexible electronics(6-8). However, efforts to make transparent conducting films from graphene have been hampered by the lack of efficient methods for the synthesis, transfer and doping of graphene at the scale and quality required for applications. Here, we report the roll-to-roll production and wet-chemical doping of predominantly monolayer 30-inch graphene films grown by chemical vapour deposition onto flexible copper substrates. The films have sheet resistances as low as similar to 125 Omega square(-1) with 97.4% optical transmittance, and exhibit the half-integer quantum Hall effect, indicating their high quality. We further use layer-by-layer stacking to fabricate a doped four-layer film and measure its sheet resistance at values as low as similar to 30 Omega square(-1) at similar to 90% transparency, which is superior to commercial transparent electrodes such as indium tin oxides. Graphene electrodes were incorporated into a fully functional touch-screen panel device capable of withstanding high strain.

4 被引用次数: 205 题名: PLASMONICS FOR EXTREME LIGHT CONCENTRATION AND MANIPULATION 作者: SCHULLER JA; BARNARD ES; CAI WS; JUN YC; WHITE JS; BRONGERSMA ML 出处: NAT MATER 9 (3): 193-204 MAR 2010 地址:Geballe Lab Adv Mat, Stanford, CA 94305 USA.摘要: The unprecedented ability of nanometallic (that is, plasmonic) structures to concentrate light into deep-subwavelength volumes has propelled their use in a vast array of nanophotonics technologies and research endeavours. Plasmonic light concentrators can elegantly interface diffraction-limited dielectric optical components with nanophotonic structures. Passive and active plasmonic devices provide new pathways to generate, guide, modulate and detect light with structures that are similar in size to state-of-the-art electronic devices. With the ability to produce highly confined optical fields, the conventional rules for light-matter interactions need to be re-examined, and researchers are venturing into new regimes of optical physics. In this review we will discuss the basic concepts behind plasmonics-enabled light concentration and manipulation, make an attempt to capture the wide range of activities and excitement in this area, and speculate on possible future directions.

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5 被引用次数: 197 题名: GRAPHENE TRANSISTORS 作者: SCHWIERZ F 出处: NAT NANOTECHNOL 5 (7): 487-496 JUL 2010 地址: Tech Univ Ilmenau, Postfach 100565, D-98694 Ilmenau, Germany.Tech Univ Ilmenau, D-98694 Ilmenau, Germany.摘要: Graphene has changed from being the exclusive domain of condensed-matter physicists to being explored by those in the electron-device community. In particular, graphene-based transistors have developed rapidly and are now considered an option for post-silicon electronics. However, many details about the potential performance of graphene transistors in real applications remain unclear. Here I review the properties of graphene that are relevant to electron devices, discuss the trade-offs among these properties and examine their effects on the performance of graphene transistors in both logic and radiofrequency applications. I conclude that the excellent mobility of graphene may not, as is often assumed, be its most compelling feature from a device perspective. Rather, it may be the possibility of making devices with channels that are extremely thin that will allow graphene field-effect transistors to be scaled to shorter channel lengths and higher speeds without encountering the adverse short-channel effects that restrict the performance of existing devices. Outstanding challenges for graphene transistors include opening a sizeable and well-defined bandgap in graphene, making large-area graphene transistors that operate in the current-saturation regime and fabricating graphene nanoribbons with well-defined widths and clean edges. 6 被引用次数: 172 题 名 : GRAPHENE AND GRAPHENE OXIDE: SYNTHESIS, PROPERTIES, AND APPLICATIONS 作者: ZHU YW; MURALI S; CAI WW; LI XS; SUK JW; POTTS JR; RUOFF RS 出处:ADVAN MATER 22 (35): 3906-3924 SEP 15 2010 地址:AUniv Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, 1 Univ Stn C2200, Austin, TX 78712 USA.Univ Texas Austin, Dept Mech Engn, Austin, TX 78712 USA.Univ Texas Austin, Texas Mat Inst, Austin, TX 78712 USA.摘 要 : There is intense interest in graphene in fields such as physics, chemistry, and materials science, among others. Interest in graphene's exceptional physical properties, chemical tunability, and potential for applications has generated thousands of publications and an accelerating pace of research, making review of such research timely. Here is an overview of the synthesis, properties, and applications of graphene and related materials (primarily, graphite oxide and its colloidal suspensions and materials made from them), from a materials science perspective. 7 被引用次数: 141 题名: ADVANCED MATERIALS FOR ENERGY STORAGE 作者: LIU C; LI F; MA LP; CHENG HM 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (8): E28-+ FEB 23 2010 地 址 :Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.

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Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.摘 要 : Popularization of portable electronics and electric vehicles worldwide stimulates the development of energy storage devices, such as batteries and supercapacitors, toward higher power density and energy density, which significantly depends upon the advancement of new materials used in these devices. Moreover, energy storage materials play a key role in efficient, clean, and versatile use of energy, and are crucial for the exploitation of renewable energy. Therefore, energy storage materials cover a wide range of materials and have been receiving intensive attention from research and development to industrialization. In this Review, firstly a general introduction is given to several typical energy storage systems, including thermal, mechanical, electromagnetic, hydrogen, and electrochemical energy storage. Then the current status of high-performance hydrogen storage materials for on-board applications and electrochemical energy storage materials for lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors is introduced in detail. The strategies for developing these advanced energy storage materials, including nanostructuring nano-/microcombination, hybridization, pore-structure control, configuration design, surface modification, and composition optimization, are discussed. Finally, the future trends and prospects in the development of advanced energy storage materials are highlighted. 8 被引用次数: 141 题 名 :THE FANO RESONANCE IN PLASMONIC NANOSTRUCTURES AND METAMATERIALS 作 者 : LUK'YANCHUK B; ZHELUDEV NI; MAIER SA; HALAS NJ; NORDLANDER P; GIESSEN H; CHONG CT 出处: NAT MATER 9 (9): 707-715 SEP 2010 地 址 :Data Storage Inst, Agcy Sci Technol & Res, DSI Bldg,5 Engn Dr 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore.Data Storage Inst, Agcy Sci Technol & Res, Singapore 117608, Singapore.Univ Southampton, Optoelect Res Ctr, Southampton SO17 1BJ, Hants, England.Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Phys, London SW7 2AZ, England.Rice Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Houston, TX 77005 USA.Rice Univ, Dept Phys & Astron, Houston, TX 77005 USA.Univ Stuttgart, Inst Phys 4, D-70569 Stuttgart, Germany.Natl Univ Singapore, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Singapore 117576, Singapore.摘 要 : Since its discovery, the asymmetric Fano resonance has been a characteristic feature of interacting quantum systems. The shape of this resonance is distinctively different from that of conventional symmetric resonance curves. Recently, the Fano resonance has been found in plasmonic nanoparticles, photonic crystals, and electromagnetic metamaterials. The steep dispersion of the Fano resonance profile promises applications in sensors, lasing, switching, and nonlinear and slow-light devices.

9 被引用次数: 136 题名: POLYMER-FULLERENE BULK-HETEROJUNCTION SOLAR CELLS 作者: BRABEC CJ; GOWRISANKER S; HALLS JJM; LAIRD D; JIA SJ; WILLIAMS SP 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (34): 3839-3856 SEP 8 2010

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地址:Univ Erlangen Nurnberg, Inst Mat Elect & Energy Technol, D-91054 Erlangen, Germany.Bavarian Ctr Appl Energy Res ZAE Bayern, D-91058 Erlangen, Germany.Plextronics Inc, Pittsburgh, PA 15238 USA.Solar Press Ltd, London NW1 0NH, England. 10 被引用次数: 133 题名: BORON NITRIDE SUBSTRATES FOR HIGH-QUALITY GRAPHENE ELECTRONICS 作者: DEAN CR; YOUNG AF; MERIC I; LEE C; WANG L; SORGENFREI S; WATANABE K; TANIGUCHI T; KIM P; SHEPARD KL; HONE J 出处: NAT NANOTECHNOL 5 (10): 722-726 OCT 2010 地址:Columbia Univ, Dept Elect Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.Columbia Univ, Dept Mech Engn, New York, NY 10027 USA.Columbia Univ, Dept Phys, New York, NY 10027 USA.Sungkyunkwan Univ, SKUU Adv Inst Nanotechnol SAINT, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Sungkyunkwan Univ, Dept Mech Engn, Suwon 440746, South Korea.Natl Inst Mat Sci, Adv Mat Lab, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 3050044, Japan.摘 要 : Graphene devices on standard SiO(2) substrates are highly disordered, exhibiting characteristics that are far inferior to the expected intrinsic properties of graphene(1-12). Although suspending the graphene above the substrate leads to a substantial improvement in device quality(13,14), this geometry imposes severe limitations on device architecture and functionality. There is a growing need, therefore, to identify dielectrics that allow a substrate-supported geometry while retaining the quality achieved with a suspended sample. Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is an appealing substrate, because it has an atomically smooth surface that is relatively free of dangling bonds and charge traps. It also has a lattice constant similar to that of graphite, and has large optical phonon modes and a large electrical bandgap. Here we report the fabrication and characterization of high-quality exfoliated mono- and bilayer graphene devices on single-crystal h-BN substrates, by using a mechanical transfer process. Graphene devices on h-BN substrates have mobilities and carrier inhomogeneities that are almost an order of magnitude better than devices on SiO(2). These devices also show reduced roughness, intrinsic doping and chemical reactivity. The ability to assemble crystalline layered materials in a controlled way permits the fabrication of graphene devices on other promising dielectrics(15) and allows for the realization of more complex graphene heterostructures. 11 被引用次数: 119 题 名 : EFFICIENT DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS WITH AN ORGANIC PHOTOSENSITIZER FEATURING ORDERLY CONJUGATED ETHYLENEDIOXYTHIOPHENE AND DITHIENOSILOLE BLOCKS 作者: ZENG WD; CAO YM; BAI Y; WANG YH; SHI YS; ZHANG M; WANG FF; PAN CY; WANG P 出处: CHEM MATER 22 (5): 1915-1925 MAR 9 2010 地 址 :Chinese Acad Sci, State Key Lab Polymer Phys & Chem, Changchun Inst Appl Chem, Changchun 130022, Peoples R China.Cent S Univ, Coll Chem & Chem Engn, Changsha 410083, Peoples R China.摘要 : In view of the limited ruthenium resource, metal-free organic dyes may play a prominent

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role in the coming large-scale application of cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells, if their efficiency and stability can be considerably improved. In this paper we utilized a binay pi-conjugated spacer of ethylenedioxythiophene and dithienosilole to construct a high molar absorption coefficient push-pull dye, characteristic of an intramolecular charge-transfer band peaking at 584 nm measured in chloroform. In comparison with the standard ruthenium sensitizer Z907, this metal-free chromophore C219 endowed a nanocrystalline titania Film with all evident light-harvesting enhancement. leading to an unprecedented 10 0- 10 3% efficiency at the AM 1 5G conditions for dye-sensitized solar cells with nonruthenium dyestuffs, although a highly volatile electrolyte was used. Transient absorption measurements have revealed that even if the kinetics of back-electron transfer and dye regeneration am considerably different for Z907 and C219, the branching ratios of these two charge-transfer channels are over 35 for both dyes, ensuring a high yield of net charge separation at the titania/dye/electrolyte interface. A solvent-free ionic liquid cell with C219 as the sensitizer exhibited an impressive efficiency or 8 9% under a low light intensity of 14.39 mW cm(-2), making it very favorable for the indoor application of flexible dye-sensitized solar cells. 12 被引用次数: 112 题 名 : CHEMICALLY DERIVED GRAPHENE OXIDE: TOWARDS LARGE-AREA THIN-FILM ELECTRONICS AND OPTOELECTRONICS 作者: EDA G; CHHOWALLA M 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (22): 2392-2415 JUN 11 2010 地址:Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, Exhibit Rd, London SW7 2AZ, England.Univ London Imperial Coll Sci Technol & Med, Dept Mat, London SW7 2AZ, England.摘要: Chemically derived graphene oxide (GO) possesses a unique set of properties arising from oxygen functional groups that are introduced during chemical exfoliation of graphite. Large area thin-film deposition of GO, enabled by its solubility in a variety of solvents, offers a route towards GO-based thin-film electronics and optoelectronics. The electrical and optical properties of GO are strongly dependent on its chemical and atomic structure and are tunable over a wide range via chemical engineering. In this Review, the fundamental structure and properties of GO-based thin films are discussed in relation to their potential applications in electronics and optoelectronics.

13 被引用次数: 106 题 名 : GRAPHENE OXIDE, HIGHLY REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE, AND GRAPHENE: VERSATILE BUILDING BLOCKS FOR CARBON-BASED MATERIALS 作者: COMPTON OC; NGUYEN ST 出处: SMALL 6 (6): 711-723 MAR 22 2010 地址:Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, 2145 Sheridan Rd, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.Northwestern Univ, Dept Chem, Evanston, IL 60208 USA.摘 要 : Isolated graphene, a nanometer-thick two-dimensional analog of fullerenes and carbon nanotubes, has recently sparked great excitement in the scientific community given its excellent mechanical and electronic properties. Particularly attractive is the availability of bulk quantities of graphene as both colloidal dispersions and powders, which enables the facile fabrication of many carbon-based materials. The fact that such large amounts of graphene are most easily produced via

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the reduction of graphene oxide oxygenated graphene sheets covered with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups offers tremendous opportunities for access to functionalized graphene-based materials. Both graphene oxide and graphene can be processed into a wide variety of novel materials with distinctly different morphological features, where the carbonaceous nanosheets can serve as either the sole component, as in papers and thin films, or as fillers in polymer and/or inorganic nanocomposites. This Review summarizes techniques for preparing such advanced materials via stable graphene oxide, highly reduced graphene oxide, and graphene dispersions in aqueous and organic media. The excellent mechanical and electronic properties of the resulting materials are highlighted with a forward outlook on their applications. 14 被引用次数: 97 题名: SELF-POWERED NANOWIRE DEVICES 作者: XU S; QIN Y; XU C; WEI YG; YANG RS; WANG ZL 出处: NAT NANOTECHNOL 5 (5): 366-373 MAY 2010 地址:Georgia Inst Technol, Sch Mat Sci & Engn, Atlanta, GA 30332 USA.摘要: The harvesting of mechanical energy from ambient sources could power electrical devices without the need for batteries. However, although the efficiency and durability of harvesting materials such as piezoelectric nanowires have steadily improved, the voltage and power produced by a single nanowire are insufficient for real devices. The integration of large numbers of nanowire energy harvesters into a single power source is therefore necessary, requiring alignment of the nanowires as well as synchronization of their charging and discharging processes. Here, we demonstrate the vertical and lateral integration of ZnO nanowires into arrays that are capable of producing sufficient power to operate real devices. A lateral integration of 700 rows of ZnO nanowires produces a peak voltage of 1.26 V at a low strain of 0.19%, which is potentially sufficient to recharge an AA battery. In a separate device, a vertical integration of three layers of ZnO nanowire arrays produces a peak power density of 2.7 mW cm(-3). We use the vertically integrated nanogenerator to power a nanowire pH sensor and a nanowire UV sensor, thus demonstrating a self-powered system composed entirely of nanowires.

15 被引用次数: 96 题 名 :6.5% EFFICIENCY OF POLYMER SOLAR CELLS BASED ON POLY(3-HEXYLTHIOPHENE) AND INDENE-C-60 BISADDUCT BY DEVICE OPTIMIZATION 作者: ZHAO GJ; HE YJ; LI YF 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (39): 4355-+ OCT 15 2010 地 址 :Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Chem, CAS Key Lab Organ Solids, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, Beijing 100190, Peoples R China.Chinese Acad Sci, Grad Univ, Beijing 100039, Peoples R China.摘 要 : A power conversion efficiency of 6.48% was achieved for polymer solar cells based on poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) as donor and indene-C-60 bisadduct (ICBA) as acceptor with an open-circuit voltage of 0.84 V, a short-circuit current of 10.61 mA/cm(2), and a fill factor of 72.7% under irradiation at AM1.5G, 100 mW/cm(2) at the optimized conditions of P3HT:ICBA = 1:1 (w/w), solvent annealing and pre-thermal annealing at 150 degrees C for 10 minutes. 16 被引用次数: 95

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题名:GRAPHENE-WRAPPED FE3O4 ANODE MATERIAL WITH IMPROVED REVERSIBLE CAPACITY AND CYCLIC STABILITY FOR LITHIUM ION BATTERIES 作者: ZHOU GM; WANG DW; LI F; ZHANG LL; LI N; WU ZS; WEN L; LU GQ; CHENG HM 出处: CHEM MATER 22 (18): 5306-5313 SEP 28 2010 地 址 :Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, 72 Wenhua Rd, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Met Res, Shenyang Natl Lab Mat Sci, Shenyang 110016, Peoples R China.Univ Queensland, AIBN, ARC Ctr Excellence Funct Nanomat, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia.摘要: A well-organized flexible interleaved composite of graphene nanosheets (GNSs) decorated with Fe3O4 particles was synthesized through in situ reduction of iron hydroxide between GNSs. The GNS/Fe3O4 composite shows a reversible specific capacity approaching 1026 mA h(-1) g(-1) after 30 cycles at 35 mA g(-1) 580 mAh g(-1) after 100 cycles at 700 mA g(-1) as well as improved cyclic stability and excellent rate capability. The multifunctional features of the GNS/Fe3O4 composite are considered as follows: (i) GNSs play a "flexible confinement" function to enwrap Fe3O4 particles, which can compensate for the volume change of Fe3O4 and prevent the detachment and agglomeration of pulverized Fe3O4, thus extending the cycling life of the electrode; (ii) GNSs provide a large contact surface for individual dispersion of well-adhered Fe3O4 particles and act as an excellent conductive agent to provide a highway for electron transport, improving the accessible capacity; (iii) Fe3O4 particles separate GNSs and prevent their restacking thus improving the adsorption and immersion of electrolyte on the surface of electroactive material; and (iv) the porosity formed by lateral GNSs and Fe3O4 particles facilitates ion transportation. As a result, this unique laterally confined GNS/Fe3O4 composite can dramatically improve the cycling stability and the rate capability of Fe3O4 as an anode material for lithium ion batteries.

17 被引用次数: 90 题 名 : SYNTHESIS, FUNCTIONALIZATION, AND BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS OF MULTIFUNCTIONAL MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES 作者: HAO R; XING RJ; XU ZC; HOU YL; GAO S; SUN SH 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (25): 2729-2742 JUL 6 2010 地址:Peking Univ, Dept Adv Mat & Nanotechnol, Coll Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.Peking Univ, Beijing Natl Lab Mol Sci, State Key Lab Rare Earth Mat Chem & Applicat, Coll Chem & Mol Engn, Beijing 100871, Peoples R China.Brown Univ, Dept Chem, Providence, RI 02912 USA.摘要 : Synthesis of multifunctional magnetic nanoparticles (MFMNPs) is one of the most active research areas in advanced materials. MFMNPs that have magnetic properties and other functionalities have been demonstrated to show great promise as multimodality imaging probes. Their multifunctional surfaces also allow rational conjugations of biological and drug molecules, making it possible to achieve target-specific diagnostics and therapeutics. This review first outlines the synthesis of MNPs of metal oxides and alloys and then focuses on recent developments in the fabrication of MFMNPs of core/shell, dumbbell, and composite hybrid type. It also summarizes the general strategies applied for NP surface functionalization. The review further highlights some exciting examples of these MFMNPs for multimodality imaging and for

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target-specific drug/gene delivery applications. 18 被引用次数: 81 题 名 NONSPHERICAL NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES: COLLOID-CHEMICAL SYNTHESIS AND MORPHOLOGY CONTROL 作者: SAU TK; ROGACH AL 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (16): 1781-1804 APR 22 2010 地址: Int Inst Informat Technol, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India.City Univ Hong Kong, Dept Phys & Mat Sci, Kowloon, Hong Kong, Peoples R China.摘要: Metal nanoparticles have been the subject of widespread research over the past two decades. In recent years, noble metals have been the focus of numerous studies involving synthesis, characterization, and applications. Synthesis of an impressive range of noble metal nanoparticles with varied morphologies has been reported. Researchers have made a great progress in learning how to engineer materials on a nanometer length scale that has led to the understanding of the fundamental size- and shape-dependent properties of matter and to devising of new applications. In this article, we review the recent progress in the colloid-chemical synthesis of nonspherical nanoparticles of a few important noble metals (mainly Ag, Au, Pd, and Pt), highlighting the factors that influence the particle morphology and discussing the mechanisms behind the nonspherical shape evolution. The article attempts to present a thorough discussion of the basic principles as well as state-of-the-art morphology control in noble metal nanoparticles. 19 被引用次数: 78 题 名 : RECENT ADVANCES IN WHITE ORGANIC LIGHT-EMITTING MATERIALS AND DEVICES (WOLEDS) 作者: KAMTEKAR KT; MONKMAN AP; BRYCE MR 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (5): 572-582 FEB 2 2010 地址:Zumtobel LED Div, Green Lane Ind Estate, Spennymoor DL16 6HL, England.Zumtobel LED Div, Spennymoor DL16 6HL, England.Univ Durham, Dept Phys, Durham DH1 3LE, England.Univ Durham, Dept Chem, Durham DH1 3LE, England.摘要 : WOLEDs offer new design opportunities in practical solid-state lighting and could play a significant role in reducing global energy consumption. Obtaining white light from organic LEDs is a considerable challenge. Alongside the development of new materials with improved color stability and balanced charge transport properties, major issues involve the fabrication of large-area devices and the development of low-cost manufacturing technology. This Review will describe the types of materials (small molecules and polymers) that have been used to fabricate WOLEDs. A range of device architectures are presented and appraised.

20 被引用次数: 75 题 名 : PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF COLLOIDAL NONSPHERICAL NOBLE METAL NANOPARTICLES 作者: SAU TK; ROGACH AL; JACKEL F; KLAR TA; FELDMANN J 出处: ADVAN MATER 22 (16): 1805-1825 APR 22 2010 地址:Int Inst Informat Technol, Hyderabad 500032, Andhra Pradesh, India.

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Univ Munich, CeNS, D-80799 Munich, Germany.Univ Munich, Dept Phys, Photon & Optoelect Grp, D-80799 Munich, Germany.Tech Univ Ilmenau, Inst Phys, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany.Tech Univ Ilmenau, Inst Micro & Nanotechnol, D-98693 Ilmenau, Germany.摘要 : Nanoparticles of noble metals belong to the most extensively studied colloidal systems in the field of nanoscience and nanotechnology. Due to continuing progress in the synthesis of nanoparticles with controlled morphologies, the exploration of unique morphology-dependent properties has gained momentum. Anisotropic features in nonspherical nanoparticles make them ideal candidates for enhanced chemical, catalytic, and local field related applications. Nonspherical plasmon resonant nanoparticles offer favorable properties for their use as analytical tools, or as diagnostic and therapeutic agents. This Review highlights morphology-dependent properties of nonspherical noble metal nanoparticles with a focus on localized surface plasmon resonance and local field enhancement, as well as their applications in various fields including Raman spectroscopy, fluorescence enhancement, analytics and sensing, photothermal therapy, (bio-)diagnostics, and imaging.

八、Nature Advance Online Publication

(来源：http://www.nature.com/nature/index.html)

1.题名:An abundance of small exoplanets around stars with a wide range of metallicities作者:Lars A. Buchhave, David W. Latham, Anders Johansen, Martin Bizzarro, Guillermo Torres, Jason F. Rowe, 摘要：The abundance of heavy elements (metallicity) in the photospheres of stars similar to the Sun provides a ‘fossil’ record of the chemical composition of the initial protoplanetary disk. Metal-rich stars are much more likely to harbour gas giant planets1, 2, 3, 4, supporting the model that planets form by accumulation of dust and ice particles5. Recent ground-based surveys suggest that this correlation is weakened for Neptunian-sized planets4, 6, 7, 8, 9. However, how the relationship between size and metallicity extends into the regime of terrestrial-sized exoplanets is unknown. Here we report spectroscopic metallicities of the host stars of 226 small exoplanet candidates discovered by NASA’s Kepler mission10, including objects that are comparable in size

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to the terrestrial planets in the Solar System. We find that planets with radii less than four Earth radii form around host stars with a wide range of metallicities (but on average a metallicity close to that of the Sun), whereas large planets preferentially form around stars with higher metallicities. This observation suggests that terrestrial planets may be widespread in the disk of the Galaxy, with no special requirement of enhanced metallicity for their formation.

2. 题名:The bonobo genome compared with the chimpanzee and human genomes作者:Kay Prüfer, Kasper Munch, Ines Hellmann, Keiko Akagi, Jason R. Miller, Brian Walenz, Sergey Koren, 摘 要 ： Two African apes are the closest living relatives of humans: the chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) and the bonobo (Pan paniscus). Although they are similar in many respects, bonobos and chimpanzees differ strikingly in key social and sexual behaviours1, 2, 3, 4, and for some of these traits they show more similarity with humans than with each other. Here we report the sequencing and assembly of the bonobo genome to study its evolutionary relationship with the chimpanzee and human genomes. We find that more than three per cent of the human genome is more closely related to either the bonobo or the chimpanzee genome than these are to each other. These regions allow various aspects of the ancestry of the two ape species to be reconstructed. In addition, many of the regions that overlap genes may eventually help us understand the genetic basis of phenotypes that humans share with one of the two apes to the exclusion of the other.

3. 题名:Widespread adoption of Bt cotton and insecticide decrease promotes biocontrol services作者:Yanhui Lu, Kongming Wu, Yuying Jiang, Yuyuan Guo & Nicolas DesneuxNature (13 June 2012) | doi:10.1038/nature11153摘要：Over the past 16 years, vast plantings of transgenic crops producing insecticidal proteins from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) have helped to control several major insect pests1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and reduce the need for insecticide sprays1, 5, 6. Because broad-spectrum insecticides kill arthropod natural enemies that provide biological control of pests, the decrease in use of insecticide sprays associated with Bt crops could enhance biocontrol services7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12. However, this hypothesis has not been tested in terms of long-term landscape-level impacts10. On the basis of data from 1990 to 2010 at 36 sites in six provinces of northern China, we show here a marked increase in abundance of three types of generalist arthropod predators (ladybirds, lacewings and spiders) and a decreased abundance of aphid pests associated with widespread adoption of Bt cotton and reduced insecticide sprays in this crop. We also found evidence that the predators might provide additional biocontrol services spilling over from Bt cotton fields onto neighbouring crops (maize, peanut and soybean). Our work extends results from general studies evaluating ecological effects of Bt crops1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 12, 13 by demonstrating that such crops can promote biocontrol services in agricultural landscapes.

4. 题 名 :Emergence of KRAS mutations and acquired resistance to anti-EGFR therapy in colorectal 作者:Sandra Misale, Rona Yaeger, Sebastijan Hobor, Elisa Scala, Manickam Janakiraman, David Liska, Emanuele Valtorta,

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摘 要 ： A main limitation of therapies that selectively target kinase signalling pathways is the emergence of secondary drug resistance. Cetuximab, a monoclonal antibody that binds the extracellular domain of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is effective in a subset of KRAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancers1. After an initial response, secondary resistance invariably ensues, thereby limiting the clinical benefit of this drug2. The molecular bases of secondary resistance to cetuximab in colorectal cancer are poorly understood3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Here we show that molecular alterations (in most instances point mutations) of KRAS are causally associated with the onset of acquired resistance to anti-EGFR treatment in colorectal cancers. Expression of mutant KRAS under the control of its endogenous gene promoter was sufficient to confer cetuximab resistance, but resistant cells remained sensitive to combinatorial inhibition of EGFR and mitogen-activated protein-kinase kinase (MEK). Analysis of metastases from patients who developed resistance to cetuximab or panitumumab showed the emergence of KRAS amplification in one sample and acquisition of secondary KRAS mutations in 60% (6 out of 10) of the cases. KRAS mutant alleles were detectable in the blood of cetuximab-treated patients as early as 10 months before radiographic documentation of disease progression. In summary, the results identify KRAS mutations as frequent drivers of acquired resistance to cetuximab in colorectal cancers, indicate that the emergence of KRAS mutant clones can be detected non-invasively months before radiographic progression and suggest early initiation of a MEK inhibitor as a rational strategy for delaying or reversing drug resistance.

5. 题名:Analysis of Plasmodium falciparum diversity in natural infections by deep sequencing作者:Magnus Manske, Olivo Miotto, Susana Campino, Sarah Auburn, Jacob Almagro-Garcia, Gareth Maslen, Jack O’Brien, 摘要 ：Malaria elimination strategies require surveillance of the parasite population for genetic changes that demand a public health response, such as new forms of drug resistance1, 2. Here we describe methods for the large-scale analysis of genetic variation in Plasmodium falciparum by deep sequencing of parasite DNA obtained from the blood of patients with malaria, either directly or after short-term culture. Analysis of 86,158 exonic single nucleotide polymorphisms that passed genotyping quality control in 227 samples from Africa, Asia and Oceania provides genome-wide estimates of allele frequency distribution, population structure and linkage disequilibrium. By comparing the genetic diversity of individual infections with that of the local parasite population, we derive a metric of within-host diversity that is related to the level of inbreeding in the population. An open-access web application has been established for the exploration of regional differences in allele frequency and of highly differentiated loci in the P. falciparum genome.

6. 题名:The molecular evolution of acquired resistance to targeted EGFR blockade in colorectal cancers作者:Luis A. Diaz Jr, Richard T. Williams, Jian Wu, Isaac Kinde, J. Randolph Hecht, Jordan Berlin, Benjamin Allen, Ivana Bozic, Johannes G. Reiter, Martin A. Nowak,

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Kenneth W. Kinzler, Kelly S. Oliner & 摘要：Colorectal tumours that are wild type for KRAS are often sensitive to EGFR blockade, but almost always develop resistance within several months of initiating therapy1, 2. The mechanisms underlying this acquired resistance to anti-EGFR antibodies are largely unknown. This situation is in marked contrast to that of small-molecule targeted agents, such as inhibitors of ABL, EGFR, BRAF and MEK, in which mutations in the genes encoding the protein targets render the tumours resistant to the effects of the drugs3, 4, 5, 6. The simplest hypothesis to account for the development of resistance to EGFR blockade is that rare cells with KRAS mutations pre-exist at low levels in tumours with ostensibly wild-type KRAS genes. Although this hypothesis would seem readily testable, there is no evidence in pre-clinical models to support it, nor is there data from patients. To test this hypothesis, we determined whether mutant KRAS DNA could be detected in the circulation of 28 patients receiving monotherapy with panitumumab, a therapeutic anti-EGFR antibody. We found that 9 out of 24 (38%) patients whose tumours were initially KRAS wild type developed detectable mutations in KRAS in their sera, three of which developed multiple different KRAS mutations. The appearance of these mutations was very consistent, generally occurring between 5 and 6 months following treatment. Mathematical modelling indicated that the mutations were present in expanded subclones before the initiation of panitumumab treatment. These results suggest that the emergence of KRAS mutations is a mediator of acquired resistance to EGFR blockade and that these mutations can be detected in a non-invasive manner. They explain why solid tumours develop resistance to targeted therapies in a highly reproducible fashion.

7. 题名:Dietary-fat-induced taurocholic acid promotes pathobiont expansion and colitis in Il10−/− mice作者:Suzanne Devkota, Yunwei Wang, Mark W. Musch, Vanessa Leone, Hannah Fehlner-Peach, Anuradha Nadimpalli, Dionysios A. Antonopoulos, Bana Jabri & Eugene B. Chang摘要：The composite human microbiome of Western populations has probably changed over the past century, brought on by new environmental triggers that often have a negative impact on human health1. Here we show that consumption of a diet high in saturated (milk-derived) fat, but not polyunsaturated (safflower oil) fat, changes the conditions for microbial assemblage and promotes the expansion of a low-abundance, sulphite-reducing pathobiont, Bilophila wadsworthia2. This was associated with a pro-inflammatory T helper type 1 (TH1) immune response and increased incidence of colitis in genetically susceptible Il10−/−, but not wild-type mice. These effects are mediated by milk-derived-fat-promoted taurine conjugation of hepatic bile acids, which increases the availability of organic sulphur used by sulphite-reducing microorganisms like B. wadsworthia. When mice were fed a low-fat diet supplemented with taurocholic acid, but not with glycocholic acid, for example, a bloom of B. wadsworthia and development of colitis were observed in Il10−/− mice. Together these data show that dietary fats, by promoting changes in host bile acid composition, can markedly alter conditions for gut microbial assemblage, resulting in dysbiosis that can perturb immune homeostasis. The data

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provide a plausible mechanistic basis by which Western-type diets high in certain saturated fats might increase the prevalence of complex immune-mediated diseases like inflammatory bowel disease in genetically susceptible hosts.

8. 题名:Embryonic stem cell potency fluctuates with endogenous retrovirus activity作者:Todd S. Macfarlan, Wesley D. Gifford, Shawn Driscoll, Karen Lettieri, Helen M. Rowe, Dario Bonanomi, Amy Firth, Oded Singer, Didier Trono & Samuel L. Pfaff摘要：Embryonic stem (ES) cells are derived from blastocyst-stage embryos and are thought to be functionally equivalent to the inner cell mass, which lacks the ability to produce all extraembryonic tissues. Here we identify a rare transient cell population within mouse ES and induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell cultures that expresses high levels of transcripts found in two-cell (2C) embryos in which the blastomeres are totipotent. We genetically tagged these 2C-like ES cells and show that they lack the inner cell mass pluripotency proteins Oct4 (also known as Pou5f1), Sox2 and Nanog, and have acquired the ability to contribute to both embryonic and extraembryonic tissues. We show that nearly all ES cells cycle in and out of this privileged state, which is partially controlled by histone-modifying enzymes. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatic analyses showed that many 2C transcripts are initiated from long terminal repeats derived from endogenous retroviruses, suggesting this foreign sequence has helped to drive cell-fate regulation in placental mammals.

9. 题名:Visualizing heavy fermions emerging in a quantum critical Kondo lattice作 者 :Pegor Aynajian, Eduardo H. da Silva Neto, András Gyenis, Ryan E. Baumbach, J. D. Thompson, Zachary Fisk, Eric D. Bauer & 摘要：In solids containing elements with f orbitals, the interaction between f-electron spins and those of itinerant electrons leads to the development of low-energy fermionic excitations with a heavy effective mass. These excitations are fundamental to the appearance of unconventional superconductivity and non-Fermi-liquid behaviour observed in actinide- and lanthanide-based compounds. Here we use spectroscopic mapping with the scanning tunnelling microscope to detect the emergence of heavy excitations with lowering of temperature in a prototypical family of cerium-based heavy-fermion compounds. We demonstrate the sensitivity of the tunnelling process to the composite nature of these heavy quasiparticles, which arises from quantum entanglement of itinerant conduction and f electrons. Scattering and interference of the composite quasiparticles is used to resolve their energy–momentum structure and to extract their mass enhancement, which develops with decreasing temperature. The lifetime of the emergent heavy quasiparticles reveals signatures of enhanced scattering and their spectral lineshape shows evidence of energy–temperature scaling. These findings demonstrate that proximity to a quantum critical point results in critical damping of the emergent heavy excitation of our Kondo lattice system.

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10.题名:Structure, function and diversity of the healthy human microbiome作者:The Human Microbiome Project Consortium, Curtis Huttenhower, Dirk Gevers, Rob Knight, Sahar Abubucker, Jonathan H. Badger, Asif T. Chinwalla, Heather H. Creasy, Ashlee M. Earl, 摘 要 ： Studies of the human microbiome have revealed that even healthy individuals differ remarkably in the microbes that occupy habitats such as the gut, skin and vagina. Much of this diversity remains unexplained, although diet, environment, host genetics and early microbial exposure have all been implicated. Accordingly, to characterize the ecology of human-associated microbial communities, the Human Microbiome Project has analysed the largest cohort and set of distinct, clinically relevant body habitats so far. We found the diversity and abundance of each habitat’s signature microbes to vary widely even among healthy subjects, with strong niche specialization both within and among individuals. The project encountered an estimated 81–99% of the genera, enzyme families and community configurations occupied by the healthy Western microbiome. Metagenomic carriage of metabolic pathways was stable among individuals despite variation in community structure, and ethnic/racial background proved to be one of the strongest associations of both pathways and microbes with clinical metadata. These results thus delineate the range of structural and functional configurations normal in the microbial communities of a healthy population, enabling future characterization of the epidemiology, ecology and translational applications of the human microbiome.

11. 题名:A framework for human microbiome research作 者 :The Human Microbiome Project Consortium, Karen E. Nelson, Mihai Pop, Heather H. Creasy, Michelle G. Giglio, Curtis Huttenhower, Dirk Gevers, Joseph F. Petrosino, Sahar Abubucker, Jonathan H. Badger, Asif T. Chinwalla, Ashlee M. Earl, Michael G. FitzGerald, Robert S. Fulton, 摘要：A variety of microbial communities and their genes (the microbiome) exist throughout the human body, with fundamental roles in human health and disease. The National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded Human Microbiome Project Consortium has established a population-scale framework to develop metagenomic protocols, resulting in a broad range of quality-controlled resources and data including standardized methods for creating, processing and interpreting distinct types of high-throughput metagenomic data available to the scientific community. Here we present resources from a population of 242 healthy adults sampled at 15 or 18 body sites up to three times, which have generated 5,177 microbial taxonomic profiles from 16S ribosomal RNA genes and over 3.5 terabases of metagenomic sequence so far. In parallel, approximately 800

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reference strains isolated from the human body have been sequenced. Collectively, these data represent the largest resource describing the abundance and variety of the human microbiome, while providing a framework for current and future studies.

12. 题名:The intense starburst HDF 850.1 in a galaxy overdensity at z ≈ 5.2 in the Hubble 作者:Deep FieldFabian Walter, Roberto Decarli, Chris Carilli, Frank Bertoldi, Pierre Cox, Elisabete Da Cunha, Emanuele Daddi, Mark Dickinson, Dennis Downes, David Elbaz, 摘要：The Hubble Deep Field provides one of the deepest multiwavelength views of the distant Universe and has led to the detection of thousands of galaxies seen throughout cosmic time1. An early map of the Hubble Deep Field at a wavelength of 850  micrometres, which is sensitive to dust emission powered by star formation, revealed the brightest source in the field, dubbed HDF  850.1 (ref. 2). For more than a decade, and despite significant efforts, no counterpart was found at shorter wavelengths, and it was not possible to determine its redshift, size or mass3, 4, 5, 6, 7. Here we report a redshift of z = 5.183 for HDF 850.1, from a millimetre-wave molecular line scan. This places HDF 850.1 in a galaxy overdensity at z ≈ 5.2, corresponding to a cosmic age of only 1.1 billion years after the Big Bang. This redshift is significantly higher than earlier estimates3, 4, 6, 8 and higher than those of most of the hundreds of submillimetre-bright galaxies identified so far. The source has a star-formation rate of 850 solar masses per year and is spatially resolved on scales of 5 kiloparsecs, with an implied dynamical mass of about 1.3 × 1011 solar masses, a significant fraction of which is present in the form of molecular gas. Despite our accurate determination of redshift and position, a counterpart emitting starlight remains elusive.

13. 题名:Possible tropical lakes on Titan from observations of dark terrain作者:Caitlin A. Griffith, Juan M. Lora, Jake Turner, Paulo F. Penteado, Robert H. Brown, Martin G. Tomasko, Lyn Doose & Charles See摘要：Titan has clouds, rain and lakes—like Earth—but composed of methane rather than water. Unlike Earth, most of the condensable methane (the equivalent of 5 m depth globally averaged1) lies in the atmosphere. Liquid detected on the surface (about 2  m deep) has been found by radar images only poleward of 50° latitude2, 3, while dune fields pervade the tropics4. General circulation models explain this dichotomy, predicting that methane efficiently migrates to the poles from these lower latitudes5, 6, 7. Here we report an analysis of near-infrared spectral images8 of the region between 20° N and 20° S latitude. The data reveal that the lowest fluxes in seven wavelength bands that probe Titan's surface occur in an oval region of about 60  × 40 km2, which has been observed repeatedly since 2004. Radiative transfer analyses demonstrate that the resulting spectrum is consistent with a black surface, indicative of liquid methane on the surface. Enduring low-latitude lakes are best explained as supplied by subterranean sources (within the last 10,000 years), which may be responsible for Titan’s methane, the continual photochemical

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depletion of which furnishes Titan's organic chemistry9.

14. 题名: ‘Big Bang’ tomography as a new route to atomic-resolution electron tomography作 者 :Dirk Van Dyck & Fu-Rong ChenNature 486, 243–246 (13 June 2012) |doi:10.1038/nature11074摘要：Until now it has not been possible to image at atomic resolution using classical electron tomographic methods1, except when the target is a perfectly crystalline nano-object imaged along a few zone axes2. The main reasons are that mechanical tilting in an electron microscope with sub-ångström precision over a very large angular range is difficult, that many real-life objects such as dielectric layers in microelectronic devices impose geometrical constraints and that many radiation-sensitive objects such as proteins limit the total electron dose. Hence, there is a need for a new tomographic scheme that is able to deduce three-dimensional information from only one or a few projections. Here we present an electron tomographic method that can be used to determine, from only one viewing direction and with sub-ångström precision, both the position of individual atoms in the plane of observation and their vertical position. The concept is based on the fact that an experimentally reconstructed exit wave3, 4 consists of the superposition of the spherical waves that have been scattered by the individual atoms of the object. Furthermore, the phase of a Fourier component of a spherical wave increases with the distance of propagation at a known ‘phase speed’. If we assume that an atom is a point-like object, the relationship between the phase and the phase speed of each Fourier component is linear, and the distance between the atom and the plane of observation can therefore be determined by linear fitting. This picture has similarities with Big Bang cosmology, in which the Universe expands from a point-like origin such that the distance of any galaxy from the origin is linearly proportional to the speed at which it moves away from the origin (Hubble expansion). The proof of concept of the method has been demonstrated experimentally for graphene with a two-layer structure and it will work optimally for similar layered materials, such as boron nitride and molybdenum disulphide.

15. 题 名 :Acanthodes and shark-like conditions in the last common ancestor of modern gnathostomes作者:Samuel P. Davis, John A. Finarelli & Michael I. CoatesNature 486, 247–250 (13 June 2012) | doi:10.1038/nature11080摘要：Acanthodians, an exclusively Palaeozoic group of fish, are central to a renewed debate on the origin of modern gnathostomes: jawed vertebrates comprising Chondrichthyes (sharks, rays and ratfish) and Osteichthyes (bony fishes and tetrapods)1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6. Acanthodian internal anatomy is primarily understood from Acanthodes bronni2, 7, 8, 9, 10 because it remains the only example preserved in substantial detail, central to which is an ostensibly osteichthyan braincase1, 2, 7. For this reason, Acanthodes has become an indispensible component in early gnathostome phylogenies1, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. Here we present a new description of the Acanthodes braincase, yielding new details of external and internal morphology, notably the regions surrounding and within the ear capsule and neurocranial roof. These data contribute to a new reconstruction that, unexpectedly, resembles early chondrichthyan crania. Principal coordinates analysis of a character–taxon matrix including these new data confirms this impression: Acanthodes is quantifiably closer to chondrichthyans than to osteichthyans. However,

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phylogenetic analysis places Acanthodes on the osteichthyan stem, as part of a well-resolved tree that also recovers acanthodians as stem chondrichthyans and stem gnathostomes. As such, perceived chondrichthyan features of the Acanthodes cranium represent shared primitive conditions for crown group gnathostomes. Moreover, this increasingly detailed picture of early gnathostome evolution highlights ongoing and profound anatomical reorganization of vertebrate crania after the origin of jaws but before the divergence of living clades.

承 办：西北工业大学图书馆信息咨询与情报研究部审 稿：刘秋让 电 话：（029）88492928

编 辑：燕 辉 罗星华 E-mail: gyj @nwpu.edu.cn

责任编辑：郭永建

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