數位信號處理器簡介 what is dsp ? digital signal processing is concerned with the...
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數位信號處理器簡介
What is DSP ?
• Digital signal processing is concerned with the representation of signals by sequences of numbers, and the transformation or processing of such signal representations by numerical computation procedures.
Linear Time-Invariant System
Transfer Function Difference Equation
kzN
kka
M
kkzkb
zXzYzH
1)(1
0)(
)()()(
M
kkmxkb
N
kknykany
0)()(
1)()()(
A/DLinear System
H(z)h(n)
D/Ax(t) x(n) y(n) y(t)
Sampling Theorem
• Aliasing does not occur when the sampling frequency (1/T) is greater than or equal to twice the highest frequency component in the waveform being sampled.
Example
Human speech at approximately 4kHZ
requires at least an 8kHZ sampling frequency
• A lowpass filter required to limit the signal bandwidth before the sampling performed by the A/D.
全球一般用途全球一般用途 DSPDSP 應用分析應用分析
The Internet Future ... Enabled by DSP
The Way We Play...The Way We Play...
You Are All Equipped With DSPYou Are All Equipped With DSP
Digital CameraDigital Camera
GPSGPS
PDAPDA
Internet Internet Audio Audio PlayerPlayer
Cellular PhoneCellular Phone
DSP SolutionsComplete
The Way We Live...The Way We Live...
DSP SolutionsComplete
DVDDVD
Digital TVDigital TV
I-phoneI-phone
Digital Digital AudioAudio
Inverter Inverter RefrigeratorRefrigerator
Inverter Inverter Air ConditionAir Condition
Digital Digital SpeakerSpeaker
BluetoothBluetooth
Phone linePhone line
xDSLxDSL
CableCable
Cable ModemCable Modem / STB / STB
EthernetEthernet
13941394
USBUSB
HomePNAHomePNA
HomeRFHomeRF
Base StationBase StationSecurity SystemSecurity System Inverter Inverter
WasherWasher
PCPCWirelessWirelessPhonePhone
Automotive SystemsAutomotive Systems
Residential GatewayResidential GatewayResidential GatewayResidential Gateway
Cost of DSP Hardware vs. SoftwareDevelopment challenges:• Shrinking time-to-market
windows• Tedious and repetitive
algorithm integration• Time-intensive debug for
real-time applications• Multiple, differentiated tasks
running on single DSP• Real-time processing
demands
% o
f P
rod
uct
En
gin
eeri
ng
D
evel
op
men
t $
Source: Embedded Systems Programming
Time
SW $
80%HW $
20%
“80% of your development effort is software” – Embedded Systems Programming Magazine
TMS320C5000™TMS320C2000™ TMS320C6000™
TMS320™ DSP Platforms Achieve TMS320™ DSP Platforms Achieve Unequivocal LeadershipUnequivocal Leadership
最佳的最佳的 ,, 不是折中的不是折中的
世界上針對控制最佳化世界上針對控制最佳化的的 DSPsDSPs
世界上最低功率 世界上最低功率 / MIP/ MIPSS 的的 DSPsDSPs
世界上最高效能的世界上最高效能的 DSPsDSPs
Time
Per
form
ance
TMS320C2000TMS320C2000TMTM DSP Platform DSP PlatformDSP SolutionsComplete
C28x 400 MIPS
C28x 400 MIPS
Hi-EndUni-processor
Control
C27xC27x
Mass Storage Optimized cDSP
C240 20 MIPS
C240 20 MIPS
C242 20 MIPS
C242 20 MIPS
F240 20 MIPS
F240 20 MIPS
F241 20 MIPS
F241 20 MIPS
F243 20 MIPS
F243 20 MIPS
DMC Optimized
C2402 30 MIPS
C2402 30 MIPS
C2404 30 MIPS
C2404 30 MIPS
C2406 30 MIPS
C2406 30 MIPS
C2407 30 MIPS
C2407 30 MIPS
Low Power
TMS320C5000TMS320C5000TMTM DSP Platform DSP PlatformDSP SolutionsComplete
TMS320C6000TMS320C6000TMTM DSP Platform DSP PlatformDSP SolutionsComplete
Digital Signal Processing
TMS320C54x/C55x
Audio Application
Digital Cellular phone
What Are DSP Chips• 具備快速運算能力的微處理器• 在嵌入式系統中扮演資訊處理及運算的角色
– 數位濾波 (filtering) 及適應濾波 (adaptive filtering)
– 影像語音壓縮 (compression) 及解壓縮 (decompression)– 語音辨識 (speech recognition) – 迴音消除 (echo cancellation)– 編碼 /解碼 (coding/decoding)– 語音及音樂合成 (speech and music synthesis)– 數位控制 (digital control)
• 頻寬及成本
Features of DSP Chips
•基本功能–內建乘法器 (Multiplier)–單一指令週期–多條內部匯流排–特殊之位址解碼模式–零負擔 (zero overhead) 之迴圈計算–大量的 I/O 界面
Features of DSP Chips
•先進功能–並行多處理器結構–內建快閃記憶体 (flash memory)–內建數值運算表–內建常用之 DSP 運算法則–更多層的 pipeline 結構–耗電及倍頻相鎖迴路之改進
Multiply and Add
Most Common Operation in DSP
A = B*C + D
Multiply, Add, and Accumulate
E = F*G + A
..
.
MAC Instruction
1+2 = 3
+
0001
0010
0011
Add Multiply 5*3 = 15
Typically 70 Clock Cycles With Ordinary Processors
MAC Operation
0101
xxxx
8421
0011001100110011
xxxx
0000 0011 0000 0011
=5 3
Shifted and added multiple
times
Typically 1 Clock Cycle With Digital Signal Processors
Architecture
STOREDPROGRAM
ANDDATA
ARITHMETICLOGIC
UNIT
INPUT/OUTPUT
Harvard Architecture
STOREDPROGRAM
ARITHMETICLOGIC
UNIT
INPUT/OUTPUT
STOREDDATA
A
DD
D
AA
A = ADDRESS
D = DATA
von Neuman Machine
Application of DSP Chips•通訊
–行動電話 (mobile/cellular phone) ，無線電話 (cordless phone) ，數據機 (modem) ，影像電話 (video phone) 或無線通訊之基地台 (base station) 設備等。
•控制–全數位式伺服馬達驅動器 (full digital servo drive) ，變頻器 (inverter) ，不斷電系統 (uninterrupted power supply) ，功因調整器 (power factor corrector) ，或電動機 /汽車的控制核心等。
Application of DSP Chips•車輛電子
–煞車防鎖系統 (ABS) ，循跡控制系統 (TCS) ，主動式懸吊系統 (active suspension system) ，電子消音器 (electronic muffler) ，主動式車廂噪音消除系統 (active cabin noise cancellation system) ，及噴射引擎控制系統 (fuel-injection engine control) 等。
•消費性電子產品–數位相機 (digital camera) ，數位式答錄機，數位式影音光碟機 (DVD player) ，電子鍵盤樂器 (electronic keyboard) ，及遊戲機等。
The TMS320 Family• C2000 Platform (Low-cost fixed-point DS
P)– Telephony and Consumer
• C203, C206, F206 and C209
– Digital Control• C50, F240, C240, F241, F243, C241 and C242
• C5000 Platform (High performance fixed-point DSP)
• C54x and C55x
• C6000 Platform (Floating-point DSP)• C62x, C67x, C3x, C4x and C8x