22 8(214) 2006 8 171

A Study on the Diagrams of Louis I. Kahn' Architecture

*

**

Choi, Young-Ah Lee, Kang-Up

Abstract

This paper is on the diagrams of Louis I. Kahn which have single geometrical unit or repetitions of geometrical unit. The

discourse on the diagram has been continuing in contemporary architecture. Its purpose was to make non-representational

architecture through the generative process. In general, the diagram has double natures, one of which is abstract and the other is

figural. Gilles Deleuze and Peter Eisenman also represent the diagram as abstract and figural. In other words, the former is the

reductive diagram and the latter is the generative diagram. By analysis of Kahn's plan, the results are as follows: The plan of

single unit has the reductive diagram but it has not the symbolic system of classical architecture. The plan of repetitional unit

has the generative diagram and it has not the narrative structure. And it makes the plan by relations of the repetitional unit.

Consequently, the generative diagram of Louis I. Kahn has the affinity with the diagram of contemporary architecture.

: , , , , ,

Keywords : Louis I. Kahn, Diagram, Abstract, Representation, Generative, Reductive

1.

1.1. 1)

.

.

.1)

.

.

.

*

**

1) Peter Eisenman, The End of the Classical: The End of the

Beginning, the End of the End, Perspecta 21 (1984),

Architecture theory since 1968, pp.701-704.

.

.

(archetype)

.

.

.

.

1.2.

(Gilles Deleuze)

(Peter Eisenman)

.

.

.

172 22 8(214) 2006 8

(a)

(b)

1.

.

.

2.

2.1.

(diagram)2)

.

(reductive machine)3)

.

.

.4) AD 1

(Vitruvius)

.

15 .

.

.

.

,

.

.

(copy) (type)

(agency)

.

.

(composition)

.

(Alan Colquhoun) ''

2) Diagram:1. a graphic design that explains rather than

represents; especially: a drawing that shows arrangement and

relation(as of parts), 2. a line drawing made for mathematical

or scientific purpose (Merriam-Webster Dictionary 2001,

, , spacetime, 2005, p.39 )

'

. gram

graphein carve .

. dia-gram dia

diagram

.

3) Ben van Berkel,/Caroline Bos, Diagrams, Kaster Rattenbury

ed, This is not Architecture, Routlege, 2002, p.102

4) Peter Eisenman, Diagram Diaries, Thames & Hudson, 1999

pp.38-43

.5)

.(1)

.

.

.

2.2.

.

.

.6)

. (Ben van Berkel)

(Michel

Foucault) , (Francis Bacon)

, (Marcel Proust)

.7)

. (Jeremy

Bentham) (Panopticon)

...

.

.8)

.

. , ,

(diagramme) . (2)

5) Alan Colquhoun, Modernity and the Classical Tradition,

MIT Press, 1989, pp.33-34

6) Deleuze, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, p.55

7) Ben van Berkel, /Caroline Bos, Op. Cit., pp.102-103

8) Ibid, p.104

22 8(214) 2006 8 173

2.

,

, 1952

3.

'

.

9)

.

.

.

.

.10)

.

.

(figure) .

.(3)

(Peter Eisenman)

. (interiority)

.11)

.

(Rosalind E. Krauss)

(Yve-Alain Bois)

9) Deleuze, Francis Bacon: The Logic of Sensation, ,

, 1995, pp.139-145

,, .

10) Ibid, p.103

11) Peter Eisenman, Diagram Diary, Thames & Hudson, 1999

p.37

.12)

.

.13) (Colin Rowe)

.

.

.14)

.

.

.

.

2.3. /

(1) (Type):

. (J. N. L. Durand)

(L. Boulee) (character)

(type) 'Recueil et

Parallele .

(utility) (fitness)'

(economy) .

,

, .

.15) (4)

'Precis

of the Lectures on Architecture'

12) Ibid, pp.50-51

13) Eisenman, Op. Cit., p.41

14) Colin Rowe, The mathematics of the Ideal Villa and

Other Essays, 1984. / , , ,

1991, p.54

15) Antoine Picon, From "Poetry of Art" to Method: The

Theory of Jean-Nicholas-Louis Durand, Jean -Nicolas-Louis

Duand, Precis of the Lecture on Architecture, Text

&Document, 2000, p.34

174 22 8(214) 2006 8

(utility)

Convenance(fitness)

economie (economy)

(regularity)

(symmetry),

(simplicity),

(,)

(composition ),

4.

(a) , 21

(b) ,

7.

(a) 1 (b) 4

6.

5. (Precis of the Lectures on Architecture)

.

(deduction)

.(5)

(Lock)

(Condillac) (Essay on the Origins of

Human Knowledge;1746)

.16)

(Bernard Huet)

(inaugural act)

.17)

(composition)

.

(Parti)

19 20

.

.

(2)

(Wittkower)

9

.

16) Essay on the Origins of Human Knowlege;1746(Etienne

Bonnot de Condillac, Essai sur l'origine des connaissances

humaines 1746, 139, Durand, Jean -Nicolas-Louis. Precis of

the Lecture on Architecture, Text &Document, 2000. p.21,

17) Ibid, p.1

.18) 1960 1970

.(6)

.

.19)

.

.

. (Kazuyo Sejima)

(7)

.

.

.

18) Eisenman, Op. Cit., p.48

19) Pai, Hyungmin, The Porfolio and the Diagram, MIT

Press, 2002. p.284

22 8(214) 2006 8 175

3.

3.1.

(1) (Form)

?.

(Form)

.

.20)

.

.

.

. (A. Danto)

.21)

.

.

(2) (Institution)

.

.

(character) .22)

'(ritual)'

.

(ritual)' .

.23)

.

20) (Form) .

, .

.

. .

.

.

. .

Alexandra Tyng, Louis Kahn's Philosophy of Architecture,

1983, , , p.51.

21) Ibid, p.188

22)

., Ibid, p.162

23) Frank E. Brown, Roman Architecture(New York: Goege

Brasiller,1961) p.10, Eugene J. Johnson/Michael J. Lewis,

Drawn from the Source, MIT Press, 1996, p.68 .

.

.

(3) (Room)

.

.

.

. (area)

.

24)

.

.25)

(form drawing)

.

.

,

.

3.2.

(1)

1950

(Josef Albers)26) .

.

(presentational painting)

(abstract)'

(non

representational)'

.

24) , Writing, Lecture, Interview, 1971,

American Institue of Architects Gold Medal Award Adress.

Rizzoli, p.264.

25) . .

.

.Alexandra Tyng, Op. Cit., p.164.

26) 1933

1950

.

. Sarah Williams Goldhagen,

Louis Kahn's Situated Modernism, Yale University Press,

2001, p.46

176 22 8(214) 2006 8

11. 3

( , , )

10. 9

(1 , , ,

, , )

12.

( , , , ,

, )

9.

a: , , 1958

b: , , 1948-1950

c: , , 1948-1950

8.

(Homage to the Square)

.

.

.

. (8)

(2)

(Willem

De Kooning) .(9)

.

(signs)

(things) .27)

1948

.

.

.

4.

4.1.

9 .

27) Ibid, p.49.

9

. (10)

.(11)

(servant space) (served space)

.

2.(12)

9

22 8(214) 2006 8 177

13.

( , , ,

, , )

(a)

(b) (, , )

14.

.

.

4.2.

1950

.

.

' (comparted space)'

(constructed room)' .(13)

.

.

.

20

. (Sara W. Goldhagen)

(authenticity)' .28)

. (Vincent

Scully)

(Trenton Bath House) .

.

.29)

28) Sarah Williams Goldhagen, Louis Kahn's Situated

Modernism, Yale University Press, 2001, p.111

29) Ibid, p.111

(Palladian Plan)'

(bay) (room)

.

(room)

.

1960

.

9

.

.

(1957-1964), (1957-1964),

(1960-1964), (1966-1972)

(1962-74).

9

. 9

.

.

U

L

.

14(a) L

. L

.

. 14(b)

.

L

. L

178 22 8(214) 2006 8

(a) (b)

15.

. (Klaus

Peter Gast)

.30)

.

.

1/2 6 .

15(a) .

.

.

.

.(15(b))

.

5.

.

.

.

.

1.

.

.

30) Klaus-Peter Gast, Louis I Kahn, The Idea of Order,

Birkhauser, 2001. p.139

.

.

2.

.

.

9

.

.

3.

.

.

.

1. Brownlee, David B. / De Long, David, Louis I. Kahn, In

the Realm of Architecture, Rizzoli, 1991.

2. Berkel, Ben van/Bos, Caroline, Diagrams, Kaster

Rattenbury ed, This is not Architecture, Routlege, (2002)

3. C. Danto, Arthur, Philosophizing Art, London: University

of California Press, 1999.

4. Colquhoun, Alan, Modernity and the Classical Tradition,

MIT Press, 1989.

5. Deleuze, Gilles, Logique de la Sensation, ,

, , 1995.

6. E. Krauss, Rosalind, Passages in Modern Sculpture(

), , , 2003.

7. Eisenman, Peter, Diagram Diary, Thames & Hudson,1999

8. Gast, Klaus -Peter, Louis I Kahn The Idea of Order,

Birkhauser, 2001.

9. Goldhagen, Sarah Williams, Louis Kahn's Situated

Modernism, Yale University Press, 2001

10. J. R. Curtis, William, Modern Architecture since 1900,

Phaidon, 1996.

11. Latour, Alessandra, ed, Louis I. Kahn Writings, Lectures,

Interviews, Rizzoli, 1991.

12. Lynton, Norbert, The Story of Modern Art, ,

20 , , 2003.

13. McCarter, Robert, Louis I. Kahn, Phaidon, 2005.

14. Pai, Hyungmin, The Porfolio and the Diagram, MIT Press,

2002.

15. Perez-Gomez, Alberto, Architecture and the Crisis of

Modern Science, Cambridge, MIT Press, 1996.

16. Perez-Gomez, Alberto. Architectural Representation and

the Perspective Hinge, MIT Press, 2000.

(: 2006. 2. 2)

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