0032.1 biologie (vraestel 1) hoËr graad biology (paper 1...

0032.1 BIOLOGIE (VRAESTEL 1) HOËR GRAAD BIOLOGY (PAPER 1) HIGHER GRADE

NOVEMBER 2007

Kopiereg voorbehou Blaai om asseblief

SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN - 2007 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION - 2007

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 19 bladsye. This question paper consists of 19 pages.

PUNTE/MARKS: 200 TYD/TIME: 2 uur/hours

Biologie/HG/V1 DoE/Okt.-Nov./2007 Seniorsertifikaat-eksamen


2

INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING Lees die volgende noukeurig deur voordat die vrae beantwoord word. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Beantwoord AL die vrae. Skryf AL die antwoorde in die ANTWOORDEBOEK neer. Begin ELKE vraag se antwoord boaan 'n NUWE bladsy. Nommer die antwoorde presies soos die vrae genommer is. Indien antwoorde nie volgens die instruksies van elke vraag aangebied word nie, sal kandidate punte verloor. ALLE tekeninge moet met potlood gemaak word en die byskrifte met ink. Teken diagramme of vloeidiagramme slegs indien dit vereis word. Die diagramme in die vraestel is nie noodwendig volgens skaal geteken nie. Die gebruik van grafiekpapier word NIE toegelaat NIE. Nie-programmeerbare sakrekenaars, gradeboë en passers mag gebruik word. Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

Biology/HG/P1 DoE/Oct.-Nov./2007 Senior Certificate Examination

Copyright reserved Please turn over

2

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following carefully before answering the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Answer ALL the questions. Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK. Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers exactly as the questions are numbered. If answers are not presented according to the instructions of each question, candidates will lose marks. ALL drawings should be done in pencil and labelled in ink. Draw diagrams and flow charts only when requested to do so. The diagrams in the question paper may not necessarily be drawn to scale. The use of graph paper is NOT permitted. Non-programmable calculators, protractors and compasses may be used. Write neatly and legibly.



3

AFDELING A VRAAG 1 1.1 Verskeie moontlike opsies word as antwoorde op die volgende vrae gegee.

Kies die antwoord en skryf slegs die letter (A – D) langs die vraagnommer, (1.1.1. – 1.1.7) in die antwoordeboek neer.

1.1.1 Die vorm waarin oortollige glukose in die mens gestoor word, is ... A

B C D

glikogeen. stysel. glukagon. ureum.

1.1.2 Lipiede en koolhidrate verskil van mekaar, want ... A

B C D

lipiede is onoplosbaar in alkohol. die verhouding van waterstof tot suurstof in lipiede is minder as 2:1. lipiede is meer oplosbaar in water. die verhouding van waterstof tot suurstof in lipiede is hoër as 2:1.

1.1.3 Die volgende prosesse vind gedurende selrespirasie plaas:

(i) Koolstofdioksied word afgegee (ii) Pirodruiwesuur word gevorm (iii) Glukose word gefosforileer (iv) Water word gevorm In watter volgorde vind die prosesse plaas?

A

B C D

(iv), (iii), (ii), (i) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)

1.1.4 Watter stof word gewoonlik gebruik om chlorofil uit blare te onttrek? A

B C D

Jodiumoplossing Benedict-oplossing/Fehling-oplossings A en B Alkohol Millon-reagens



3

SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various possible options are provided as answers to the following questions.

Choose the answer and write only the letter (A – D) next to the question number (1.1.1. – 1.1.7) in the answer book.

1.1.1 The form in which excess glucose is stored in a human is … A

B C D

glycogen. starch. glucagon. urea.

1.1.2 Lipids and carbohydrates differ from each other because … A

B C D

lipids are insoluble in alcohol. the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in lipids is less than 2:1. lipids are more soluble in water. the ratio of hydrogen to oxygen in lipids is higher than 2:1.

1.1.3 The following processes occur during cellular respiration: (i) Release of carbon dioxide (ii) Formation of pyruvic acid (iii) Phosphorylation of glucose (iv) Formation of water In what order do the processes occur?

A

B C D

(iv), (iii), (ii), (i) (iv), (iii), (i), (ii) (iii), (ii), (i), (iv) (iii), (i), (ii), (iv)

1.1.4 Which substance is usually used to extract chlorophyll from

leaves?

A

B C D

Iodine solution Benedict's solution/Fehling's solutions A and B Alcohol Millon's reagent



4

1.1.5 Die onderstaande grafiek dui die getal rooibokke in 'n sekere

gebied oor tyd aan. Die volgende faktore kan moontlik die rede wees vir die vorm van die grafiek: (i) Afwesigheid van predatore (ii) Individue wat by die omgewing aanpas (iii) Oorstromings wat die habitat vernietig het

Getal rooibokke in 'n sekere gebied oor tyd

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

Tyd (jare)

Get

al ro

oibo

kke

Watter van die volgende kombinasies van faktore dui die korrekte

opeenvolging van gebeure aan wat waarskynlik verantwoordelik was vir die veranderinge in getalle soos op die grafiek aangedui?

A B C D

(iii) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) (iii) (ii) (iii) (i) (i) (iii) (ii)

1.1.6 'n Proteïen wat tydens biochemiese reaksies as biologiese

katalisator optree, is 'n ...

A

B C D

ensiem. substraat. dipeptied. vitamien.



4

1.1.5 The graph below indicates the number of impala in a certain area

over time. The following factors could possibly be the reason for the shape of the graph: (i) Absence of predators (ii) Individuals acclimatise to the environment (iii) Floods destroyed the habitat

Number of impala in a certain area over time

pala

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

im

Num

ber o

f

Time (Years)

Which of the following combinations of factors indicate the correct

sequence of events that were probably responsible for the change in numbers during the period indicated in the graph?

A B C D

(iii) (ii) (i) (ii) (i) (iii) (ii) (iii) (i) (i) (iii) (ii)

Time (years)

1.1.6 A protein which acts as a biological catalyst during biochemical

reactions is known as a/an ...

A

B C D

enzyme. substrate. dipeptide. vitamin.



5

1.1.7 Watter van die volgende sal in die spiere van 'n atleet wat nie vir

ses maande geoefen het nie en so pas 'n 100 m-wedloop voltooi het, teenwoordig wees?

A

B C D

Min ATP en baie glukose Baie ATP en min melksuur Min ATP en baie melksuur Baie ATP, baie glukose en baie melksuur (7 x 2)

(14) 1.2 Gee die korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings.

Skryf slegs die term langs die toepaslike vraagnommer neer.

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6

Die verbinding wat met vetsure verbind om 'n vetmolekule te vorm Die opgehoopte gebergde energie en droë massa wat vir eerste- vlakverbruikers in 'n ekostelsel beskikbaar is Die deel van die chloroplast waarin die donker fase van fotosintese plaasvind Die deel van die brein wat asemhaling reguleer Die verwydering van 'n aminogroep uit 'n aminosuur in die lewer Die opbreek van 'n komplekse molekule tydens vertering deur die toevoeging van watermolekules

(6)



5

1.1.7 Which of the following will be present in the muscles of an athlete

who has not trained for six months and just completed a 100 m race?

A

B C D

Little ATP and much glucose Much ATP and little lactic acid Little ATP and much lactic acid Much ATP, much glucose and much lactic acid (7 x 2)

(14) 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write

only the term next to the relevant question number.

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6

A compound that combines with fatty acids to form a fat molecule The accumulated store of energy and dry mass that is available to first-level consumers in an ecosystem Part of the chloroplast in which the dark phase of photosynthesis takes place The region of the brain concerned with regulating breathing The removal of an amino group from an amino acid in the liver The splitting of a complex molecule during digestion by the addition of water molecules

(6)



6

1.3 Dui aan of ELK van die beskrywings in KOLOM I van toepassing is op slegs A, slegs B, beide A en B of geen van die items in KOLOM II. Skryf slegs A, slegs B, beide A en B, of geen langs die toepaslike vraagnommer neer.

KOLOM I KOLOM II

1.3.1 Die vernoude deel van die maag wat na die duodenum lei

A: Pilorus B: Fundus

1.3.2 Vervoer koolstofdioksied A: Hemoglobien B: Bikarbonaatione

1.3.3 'n Dier wat 'n ander dier vang, doodmaak en eet

A: Prooi B: Predator

1.3.4 Die tipe epiteel wat die alveolus uitvoer

A: Plaveiselepiteel B: Gesileerde epiteel

1.3.5 Die vloei van energie deur 'n ekostelsel

A: Dravermoë B: Territorialiteit

1.3.6 Voorkom dat voedsel die tragea tydens die slukproses binnegaan

A: Kardiale sfinkter B: Epiglottis

(6 x 2) (12)



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1.3 Indicate whether EACH of the descriptions in COLUMN I applies to A only, B only, both A and B or none of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B, or none next to the relevant question number.

COLUMN I COLUMN II

1.3.1 The narrow part of the stomach which leads to the duodenum

A: Pylorus B: Fundus

1.3.2 Transports carbon dioxide A: Haemoglobin B: Bicarbonate ions

1.3.3 An animal that catches, kills and eats another animal

A: Prey B: Predator

1.3.4 The type of epithelium that lines the alveolus

A: Squamous epithelial B: Ciliated epithelial

1.3.5 The flow of energy through an ecosystem

A: Carrying capacity B: Territoriality

1.3.6 Prevents food from entering the trachea during swallowing

A: Cardiac sphincter B: Epiglottis

(6 x 2) (12)



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1.4 Bevolkings van twee spesies (A en B) Tribolium, 'n meelkewer, is in ses

bottels meel in 'n laboratorium aangehou. By die aanvang van die eksperiment het elke bottel 100 kewers van spesie A en 100 kewers van spesie B bevat. Die meel en die bottels dien as voedsel en habitat vir die kewers en die dravermoë is 200 kewers. Die bottels is by verskillende temperature en humiditeitstoestande (vogtigheidstoestande) gehou. Na twee weke is die getal van elke spesie bepaal. Die resultate word in die onderstaande tabel aangedui. Bestudeer die inligting in die tabel en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Bottel Temperatuur

(°C) Relatiewe humiditeit

(%)

Aantal oorlewendes van spesie A

Aantal oorlewendes van spesie B

1 34 70 100 0 2 34 30 10 90 3 29 70 86 14 4 29 30 13 87 5 24 70 29 71 6 24 30 0 100

1.4.1 Wat is die doel van hierdie ondersoek? (2)

1.4.2 Watter spesie (A of B) het in groter getalle by beide lae

temperature en lae humiditeit oorleef? Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord.

(3)

1.4.3 Dui aan of die faktore waarna daar in VRAAG 1.4.2 verwys word,

digtheidsafhanklik of digtheidsonafhanklik is. Verduidelik jou antwoord.

(3)

1.4.4 Watter tipe kompetisie kan voorkom: (a) Tussen spesie A en B

(b) Tussen spesie A onderling (1)(1)

(10)



7

1.4 Populations of two species (A and B) of Tribolium, a flour beetle, were kept in

a laboratory in six bottles of flour. At the start of the experiment each bottle contained 100 beetles of species A and 100 beetles of species B. The flour and bottles served both as food and habitat for the beetles and the carrying capacity is 200 beetles. The bottles were kept under different temperature and humidity conditions. After two weeks the numbers of each species were determined. The results are shown in the table below. Study the information in the table and answer the questions that follow.

Bottle Temperature

(°C) Relative humidity

(%)

Number of species A surviving

Number of species B surviving

1 34 70 100 0 2 34 30 10 90 3 29 70 86 14 4 29 30 13 87 5 24 70 29 71 6 24 30 0 100

1.4.1 What is the aim of this investigation? (2)

1.4.2 Which species (A or B) survives in greater numbers at both low

temperature and low humidity? Give a reason for your answer. (3)

1.4.3 Indicate whether the factors referred to in QUESTION 1.4.2 are

density-dependent or density-independent. Explain your answer.

(3)

1.4.4 Which type of competition could occur: (a) Between species A and species B

(b) Within species A (1)(1)

(10)



8

1.5 Bestudeer die onderstaande uittreksel aandagtig en beantwoord die vrae wat

volg.

UITERS WANGEVOEDE KINDERS IN HOSPITAAL OPGENEEM Twee seuns van 'n dorp in Gauteng, wat onderskeidelik agt en twaalf jaar oud is, is in die hospitaal opgeneem vir behandeling vir die ergste vorm van wanvoeding – hulle was slegs vel en been. Normaalweg moet 'n agtjarige kind 25 kg en 'n twaalfjarige kind 30 kg weeg. Beide hierdie seuns het egter slegs 10 kg elk geweeg. Altwee die seuns is slegs pap, sonder melk, gegee om te eet. Hulle breinaktiwiteit was laer as dié van ander kinders van dieselfde ouderdom. Ernstige wanvoeding het 'n algehele invloed op kinders se ontwikkeling. Dit veroorsaak dat die liggaamsweefsel en skelet nie ontwikkel nie. Die hart-spiere is swak, die lewer is feitlik afwesig en geen vetlaag onder die vel sal sigbaar wees nie.

[Aangepas uit: Rapport, 12 Maart 2000]

1.5.1 Beskryf kortliks wat jy onder die volgende verstaan:

(a) Wanvoeding

(b) '… hulle was slegs vel en been.' (reël 3) (2)(2)

1.5.2 Hoeveel kilogram was die twaalfjarige seun ondergewig as dit met

die normale gewig vergelyk word? Toon jou berekening. (2)

1.5.3 Gebruik die simptome in die uittreksel (reël 6 – 7) genoem en

noem die volgende:

(a) TWEE voedselgroepe wat nodig is om die dieet te balanseer

(b) TWEE elemente wat moontlik in die dieet uitgelaat is wat nodig is vir die ontwikkeling en opbou van gesonde been

(2)

(2)(10)



8

1.5 Read the extract below very carefully and then answer the questions that

follow.

EXTREMELY MALNOURISHED CHILDREN ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL Two boys from a town in Gauteng, who are eight and twelve years old respectively, were admitted to hospital for treatment of the worst form of malnutrition - they were just skin and bone. Normally an eight-year-old should weigh 25 kg and a twelve-year-old should weigh 30 kg. However, both these boys weighed only 10 kg each. Both boys were only given porridge without milk to eat. Their brain activity was lower than that of other children of their age. Serious malnutrition has an overall effect on children's development. The body tissues and skeleton do not develop. The heart muscles are weak, the liver is virtually absent and no fat layer is visible under the skin.

[Adapted and translated from: Rapport, 12 March 2000]

1.5.1 Briefly describe what you understand by the following:

(a) Malnutrition

(b) '… they were just skin and bone' (line 3) (2)(2)

1.5.2 How many kilograms was the twelve-year-old boy underweight

compared with the normal weight? Show your calculation. (2)

1.5.3 Using the symptoms mentioned in the extract (lines 6 – 7), name

the following:

(a) TWO food groups that are needed to balance the diet

(b) TWO elements that were possibly missing in the diet and are necessary for developing and building healthy bones

(2)

(2)(10)



9

1.6 Voltooi die onderstaande tabel deur slegs die vraagnommer en die korrekte antwoord in jou antwoordeboek te skryf.

Plek Verteringsap Ensiem Stof waarop

dit inwerk Produkte gevorm

Dunderm 1.6.1 Tripsien 1.6.2 1.6.3 Dermsap Sukrase 1.6.4 1.6.5 + 1.6.6 1.6.7 Geen

ensieme Lipiede 1.6.8

(8) TOTAAL VRAAG 1: TOTAAL AFDELING A:

60 60



9

1.6 Complete the table below by writing only the question number and the correct answer in your answer book.

Site Digestive

juice Enzyme Substance

acted on Products formed

Small intestine 1.6.1 Trypsin 1.6.2 1.6.3 Succus

entericus Sucrase 1.6.4 1.6.5 + 1.6.6

1.6.7 No enzymes

Lipids 1.6.8

(8) TOTAL QUESTION 1:

TOTAL SECTION A: 60

60



10

AFDELING B VRAAG 2 2.1 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram, wat 'n deel van die mens se

spysverteringstelsel aantoon, en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

E

B

A

D

C

'n Deel van die mens se spysverteringstelsel

2.1.1 Gee die letter en die naam van die deel waar: (a)

(b) (c)

Gal tydelik gestoor word Die hormone wat bloedsuiker beheer, afgeskei word Verteerde voedsel in die bloedstroom opgeneem word

(2) (2) (2)

2.1.2 2.1.3

Noem TWEE stowwe wat in ander stowwe verander kan word in die orgaan wat B gemerk is. Bakterieë kan infeksie van die slymvlieslaag by E veroorsaak. Verduidelik watter uitwerking dit op die spysverteringstelsel van die geïnfekteerde persoon kan hê.

(2)

(3)



10

SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 Study the diagram below, which shows part of the human digestive system,

and answer the questions that follow.

E

B

A

Part of the human digestive system

C

D

2.1.1 Give the letter and name of the part where: (a)

(b) (c)

Bile is temporarily stored The hormones that control the blood glucose level are secreted Digested food passes into the bloodstream

(2) (2)

(2)

2.1.2 2.1.3

List TWO substances that can be converted into other substances inside the organ marked B. Bacteria may infect the mucous lining of E. Explain what effect this might have on the digestive system of the infected person.

(2)

(3)



11

2.1.4

Noem:

(a)

(b)

DRIE funksies van ruvesel in die spysverteringstelsel TWEE funksies van water in die beweging van voedsel deur die spysverteringstelsel

(3)

(2)(16)

2.2 Die onderstaande diagram toon die apparaat en materiaal wat gebruik is om

die invloed van die ensiem in speeksel op gekookte stysel te ondersoek. Bestudeer die diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

'n Ondersoek om die invloed van die ensiem in speeksel op gekookte stysel onder verskillende toestande te bepaal

A by 37 °C

B by 5 °C

C by 37 °C

Ge-kookte, afge-koeldespeek-sel

D by 37 °C

1% stysel 1% stysel 1% stysel 1% stysel

WaterSpeek- sel

2.2.1

2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5

Watter proefbuis, A of B, sal na 10 minute die waarskynlikste positief toets vir die teenwoordigheid van stysel? Noem die produk wat in die proefbuis gevorm is wat negatief vir stysel getoets het. Verduidelik kortliks waarom proefbuis C ook positief vir stysel getoets het. Waarom is proefbuis D nodig? Beskryf hoe jy vir die teenwoordigheid van glukose sal toets.

(1)

(1)

(3)

(1)

(3)(9)



11

2.1.4

List:

(a)

(b)

THREE functions of roughage (fibre) in the digestive system TWO functions of water in the movement of food along the digestive system

(3)

(2)(16)

2.2 The diagram below shows the apparatus and materials that were used to

investigate the influence of the enzyme in saliva on cooked starch. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Investigation to determine the influence of the enzyme in saliva on cooked starch under different conditions

A at 37 °C

B at 5 °C

C at 37 °C

D at 37 °C

Boiled, cooled saliva

Saliva

1% starch 1% starch 1% starch 1% starch

Water

2.2.1

2.2.2 2.2.3 2.2.4 2.2.5

After 10 minutes which test tube, A or B, would most likely test positive for the presence of starch? Name the product that was formed in the test tube which tested negative for starch. Briefly explain why test tube C would also test positive for starch. Why is test tube D necessary? Describe how you will test for the presence of glucose.

(1)

(1)

(3)

(1)

(3)(9)



12

2.3 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

A

B

C

D

E

F

'n Deel van die gaswisselingstelsel

brongiole

2.3.1 Identifiseer die dele wat C, E en F gemerk is. (3) 2.3.2 Noem EEN funksie van ELK van die volgende dele: (a)

(b) (c)

A Vloeistof tussen E D

(3) 2.3.3 Verduidelik kortliks die belangrikheid van die volgende: (a)

(b) Die kraakbeenringe rondom die tragea Die afwesigheid van kraakbeen in die brongiole

(2)(2)

(10) TOTAAL VRAAG 2: 35



12

2.3 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

A

B

C

D

E

F

Part of the gaseous exchange system

bronchioles

2.3.1 Identify the parts labelled C, E and F. (3) 2.3.2 State ONE function of EACH of the following parts: (a)

(b) (c)

A Liquid between E D

(3) 2.3.3 Briefly explain the importance of the following: (a)

(b) Cartilage rings around the trachea Absence of cartilage on the bronchioles

(2)(2)

(10) TOTAL QUESTION 2: 35



13

VRAAG 3 3.1 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram, wat prosesse wat in die mens

plaasvind, voorstel, en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

(i)

(ii)

A

B

3.1.1 Noem die proses wat deur A en B in die bostaande diagram aangetoon word. (1)

3.1.2 Beskryf die belangrikheid van die bogenoemde proses. (2) 3.1.3

3.1.4

Bloed vervoer gasse van A na B en terug. By watter punt (i of ii) sal bloed meer suurstof bevat? Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord. Noem DRIE maniere waarop koolstofdioksied in die mens se liggaam vervoer kan word.

(3)

(3) 3.1.5 Noem TWEE vereistes by punt B wat die proses wat in

VRAAG 3.1.1 genoem is, doeltreffend maak. (2)(11)



13

QUESTION 3 3.1 Study the diagram below, which represents processes that take place in

humans, and answer the questions that follow.

(i)

(ii)

A

B

3.1.1 Name the process shown by A and B in the diagram above. (1) 3.1.2 Describe the importance of the process named above. (2) 3.1.3

3.1.4

Gases from A to B and back are transported by blood. At which point (i or ii) will the blood have more oxygen? Give a reason for your answer. State THREE ways in which carbon dioxide is transported in the human body.

(3)

(3) 3.1.5 Name TWO requirements at B that make the process named in

QUESTION 3.1.1 efficient. (2)(11)



14

3.2 Die volgende is van die stappe wat tydens asemhaling by soogdiere voorkom.

Selekteer die stappe wat slegs op inaseming betrekking het en rangskik hulle in die volgorde soos dit tydens inaseming plaasvind.

Volume van die borsholte verhoog Eksterne tussenribspiere trek saam Die diafragma trek saam Lugdruk op die longe verhoog Lug vloei uit die longe uit Volume van die borsholte verminder Lugdruk op die longe verminder Lug vloei die longe binne

(5)3.3 'n Sekere gebied het 'n bevolking van 5 pare voëls wat uit 5 mannetjies en 5

wyfies bestaan. In die lente broei 4 kleintjies by elke paar uit, 2 mannetjies en 2 wyfies. Neem aan dat geen immigrasie of emigrasie plaasvind nie, predatore afwesig is en al die kleintjies oorleef om die volgende jaar broeipare te word. Die gebied kan 'n bevolking van 1 000 voëls onderhou. Die onderstaande tabel dui die grootte van die bevolking aan die einde van elke jaar aan.

Jaar Getal voëls 0 10 1 30 2 90 3 270 4 810

3.3.1

3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4

Noem DRIE vereistes waaraan die groep voëls moet voldoen voordat dit 'n bevolking genoem kan word. Gebruik die data in die tabel en teken 'n lyngrafiek wat die groei van die bevolking aandui. Gedurende jaar 5 het 'n brand 70% van die habitat in die gebied verwoes. Wonderbaarlik is geen voëls in die brand dood nie. Watter effek kon dit op die grootte van die bevolking hê? Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord. Gee EEN term vir elk van die volgende stellings uit die paragraaf hierbo: (a) 'geen immigrasie of emigrasie' (b) 'Die gebied kan 'n bevolking van 1 000 voëls onderhou.'

(3)

(11)

(3)

(2)(19)

TOTAAL VRAAG 3: 35



14

3.2 The following are some of the steps that occur during breathing in mammals.

Select the steps that are applicable to inhalation only and arrange them in the order that they will take place during inhalation.

Volume of the thoracic cavity increases External intercostal muscles contract The diaphragm contracts Air pressure on the lungs increases Air flows out of the lungs Volume of the thoracic cavity decreases Air pressure on the lungs decreases Air flows into the lungs

(5) 3.3 A certain area has a population of 5 pairs of birds that consists of 5 males

and 5 females. During spring every pair of birds produces 4 offspring, 2 males and 2 females. Presume that no immigration or emigration takes place, predators are absent and all the offspring live to become breeding pairs the following year. The area can support a population of 1 000 birds. The table below shows the size of the population at the end of each year.

Year Number of birds

0 10 1 30 2 90 3 270 4 810

3.3.1

3.3.2 3.3.3 3.3.4

List THREE requirements that the group of birds must satisfy before it can be called a population. Use the data from the table and plot a line graph that shows the growth of the population. During year 5 a fire destroyed 70% of the habitat of the area but miraculously no birds were burnt to death. What effect could this have on the size of the population? Give a reason for your answer. Give ONE term for each of the following statements from the paragraph above: (a) 'no immigration or emigration' (b) 'The area can support a population of 1 000 birds.'

(3)

(11)

(3)

(2)(19)

TOTAL QUESTION 3: 35



15

VRAAG 4 4.1 Die onderstaande diagram toon die voedingsamestelling van verskillende

tipes voedsel aan. Bestudeer die diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Die voedingsamestelling van verskillende tipes voedsel

1% vesel

9% water

34% koolhidrate

18% vet

38% proteïene

78% water 10% vet

12% proteïene

Voedsel A

Voedsel B

Voedsel C

Voedsel D

86% water Minerale 4% koolhidrate

3,5% proteïene

6% vet

63% water

18% vet

19% proteïene

4.1.1

4.1.2 4.1.3

Noem EEN tipe voedsel wat die geskikste vir 'n jong sportvrou is. Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 4.1.1. Noem 'n organiese verbinding wat 'n komponent is van AL die verskillende voedsels (A tot D).

(1)

(4)

(1) 4.1.4 Watter voedsel (A, B, C of D): (a)

(b)

Is die geskikste om hardlywigheid te voorkom? Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord. Moet aan 'n persoon wat maer wil wees en gewig wil verloor, gegee word? Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord.

(3)

(3)(12)



15

QUESTION 4 4.1 The diagram below shows the nutritional composition of various types of food.

Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

The nutritional composition of various types of food

1% fibre

9% water

34% carbohydrates

18% fat

38% proteins

78% water 10% fat

12% proteins

Food A

Food BFood C

Food D

86% water Minerals 4% carbohydrates

3,5% proteins

6% fat

63% water

18% fat

19% proteins

4.1.1

4.1.2 4.1.3

Name ONE food type that is most suitable for a young sports-woman. Explain your answer to QUESTION 4.1.1. Name an organic compound which is a component of ALL the various foods (A to D).

(1)

(4)

(1) 4.1.4 Which food type (A, B, C or D): (a)

(b)

Is best suited to prevent constipation? Give a reason for your answer. Should be given to a person wanting to be slim and lose weight? Give a reason for your answer.

(3)

(3)(12)



16

4.2 Soms stoot die suurinhoud van die maag in die esofagus op. Dit word suur-

terugvloei genoem en veroorsaak 'n toestand wat algemeen as 'sooibrand' bekend staan. Om vas te stel of suur-terugvloei sooibrand by 'n pasiënt veroorsaak, is 'n pH-analiseerder in die esofagus ingesteek en die pH-vlakke is oor 'n tydperk van 24 uur opgeteken. Die onderstaande grafiek stel die resultate van die ondersoek voor.

pH-vlakke in die esofagus oor tyd

012345678

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

pH

07:0

0 10

:00

13:0

0 16

:00

19:0

0 22

:00

maaltyd maaltyd maaltyd

Tyd (ure)

4.2.1 4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5

Verduidelik, volgens die resultate, waarom jou afleiding sal wees dat suur-terugvloei wel die oorsaak van sooibrand in die pasiënt is. Watter struktuur voorkom gewoonlik dat die maaginhoud in die esofagus terugstoot? Wat is die funksie van suur in die maag in die afbreek van proteïene? Noem EEN ander funksie van suur in die maag. Beskryf kortliks die funksie van die pankreas met betrekking tot die pH van die suurbrei wat die duodenum binnekom.

(2)

(1)

(2)

(1)

(3)(9)

4.3

Wat sal die invloed op voeding wees indien die lewerpoortaar permanent verstop word?

(3)



16

4.2 Sometimes the acid contents of the stomach pass up into the oesophagus.

This is referred to as acid reflux and causes a condition commonly called 'heartburn'. To determine if acid reflux was causing heartburn in a patient a pH probe was inserted into the oesophagus and the pH levels recorded over a period of 24 hours. The graph below shows the results of this investigation.

pH levels in the oesophagus over time

012345678

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

pH

07:0

0 10

:00

13:0

0 16

:00

19:0

0 22

:00

meal meal meal

Time (hours)

4.2.1

4.2.2 4.2.3 4.2.4 4.2.5

Explain why your conclusion, according to the results, will be that acid reflux was the cause of heartburn in the patient. Which structure normally prevents the stomach's content from passing into the oesophagus? What function does acid in the stomach perform in the break-down of proteins? Name ONE other function of the acid in the stomach. Briefly describe the function the pancreas performs with regard to the pH of the acid chyme that enters the duodenum.

(2)

(1)

(2)

(1)

(3)(9)

4.3

What will the effect on nutrition be if the hepatic portal vein is permanently blocked?

(3)



17

4.4 Die onderstaande diagram stel 'n eksperiment voor waar die apparaat vir 'n

tydperk in 'n warm plek in die laboratorium geplaas is. Die suikeroplossing is eers gekook en laat afkoel voordat gis bygevoeg is. Bestudeer die diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Apparaat wat in 'n eksperiment gebruik is

Kalkwater

Gis-en-suiker-oplossing

Rubberprop

4.4.1 Wat is die doel van die eksperiment? (2) 4.4.2 Noem EEN funksie van ELK van die volgende in hierdie ondersoek:

(a)

(b) (c)

Kalkwater Rubberprop Suikeroplossing

(1)(1)(1)

4.4.3

4.4.4 4.4.5

Waarom moet die suikeroplossing eers gekook word voordat die gis bygevoeg word? Noem TWEE nuwe stowwe wat tydens die eksperiment in die suikeroplossing kan vorm. Hoe sal jy 'n kontrole vir hierdie eksperiment opstel?

(2)

(2)

(2)(11)

TOTAAL VRAAG 4:

TOTAAL AFDELING B:35

105



17

4.4 The diagram below represents an experiment in which the apparatus was

placed in a warm place in the laboratory for some time. The sugar solution was first boiled and then cooled down before yeast was added. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Apparatus used in an experiment

Yeast and sugar solution

Lime water

Rubber stopper

4.4.1 What is the aim of this experiment? (2) 4.4.2 Name ONE function of EACH of the following in this investigation:

(a)

(b) (c)

Lime water Rubber stopper Sugar solution

(1)(1)(1)

4.4.3

4.4.4 4.4.5

Why should the sugar solution be boiled before yeast is added? Name TWO new substances that may form in the sugar solution during the experiment. How would you set up a control for this experiment?

(2)

(2)

(2)(11)

TOTAL QUESTION 4:

TOTAL SECTION B:35

105



18

AFDELING C VRAAG 5 5.1 Tydens 'n ondersoek om vas te stel of suurstof tydens fotosintese vrygestel

word, is vier proefbuise (V, W, X en Y) met visdamwater gevul en voorberei soos in die tabel hieronder aangedui word. Die vier proefbuise is toe vir 2 uur aan skerp lig blootgestel.

Proefbuis V Proefbuis W Proefbuis X Proefbuis Y Waterplant 23 ºC

Waterplant Waterslak 23 ºC

Waterplant 5 ºC

Waterplant Proefbuis met aluminiumfoelie toegemaak 25 ºC

5.1.1 Identifiseer die proefbuis waarin: (a)

(b)

Die meeste suurstof waarskynlik na twee uur gevind sal word. Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord. Die proses van fotosintese sal voortgaan lank nadat die ondersoek voltooi is. Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord.

(3)

(3) 5.1.2

5.1.3 5.1.4

Verduidelik kortliks waarom elk van die ander proefbuise wat nie in VRAAG 5.1.1 hierbo genoem is nie, minder of geen suurstof sal vorm nie. Noem TWEE vereistes behalwe water, temperatuur en lig, wat die tempo van fotosintese sou beïnvloed. 'Sonder fotosintese sal die lug ongesond wees vir diere om in te asem.' Verduidelik hierdie stelling.

(6)

(2)

(3) (17)



18

SECTION C QUESTION 5 5.1 In an investigation to test whether oxygen is released during photosynthesis,

four test tubes (V, W, X and Y) were filled with fishpond water and prepared as shown in the table below. The four test tubes were then placed in bright light for 2 hours.

Test tube V Test tube W Test tube X Test tube Y Water plant 23 ºC

Water plant Water snail 23 ºC

Water plant 5 ºC

Water plant Test tube covered with aluminium foil 25 ºC

5.1.1 Identify the test tube in which: (a)

(b)

Most oxygen would probably be found after two hours. Give a reason for your answer. The process of photosynthesis will continue to take place long after the investigation was completed. Give a reason for your answer.

(3)

(3) 5.1.2

5.1.3 5.1.4

Briefly explain why each of the test tubes other than those mentioned in QUESTION 5.1.1, would produce less or no oxygen at all. List TWO requirements, other than water, temperature and light, which would influence the rate of photosynthesis. 'Without photosynthesis the air would be unhealthy for animals to breathe.' Explain this statement.

(6)

(2)

(3) (17)

Biologie/HG/V1 19 DoE/Okt.-Nov./2007 Seniorsertifikaat-eksamen

Kopiereg voorbehou

5.2 In plantselle word suurstof tydens 'n sekere chemiese proses vrygestel terwyl

dit deur 'n ander proses opgebruik word. Verwys na hierdie prosesse onderskeidelik en beskryf SLEGS die fase waartydens plante suurstof vrystel en die fase waartydens plantselle suurstof gebruik.

LET WEL: GEEN punte sal toegeken word vir antwoorde wat in die vorm van diagramme en vloeidiagramme gemaak word nie. Feitelike inhoud: Sintese: TOTAAL VRAAG 5: TOTAAL AFDELING C: GROOTTOTAAL:

(15)(3)

(18)

35 35 200

Biology/HG/P1 19 DoE/Oct.-Nov./2007 Senior Certificate Examination


5.2 In plant cells a certain chemical process releases oxygen while another uses

up this gas. Refer to these processes respectively and describe ONLY the phase during which plant cells release oxygen and the phase during which plants cells use up oxygen.

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers given in the form of diagrams and flow charts. Factual content: Synthesis: TOTAL QUESTION 5: TOTAL SECTION C: GRAND TOTAL:

(15)(3)

(18)

35 35 200

0032.1 biologie (vraestel 1) hoËr graad biology (paper 1...

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