0032.2 biologie (vraestel 2) biology (paper 2)...

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0032.2

BIOLOGIE (VRAESTEL 2) BIOLOGY (PAPER 2)

HOËR GRAAD HIGHER GRADE

NOVEMBER 2007

SENIOR SERTIFIKAAT-EKSAMEN - 2007 SENIOR CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION - 2007

Hierdie vraestel bestaan uit 15 bladsye. This question paper consists of 15 pages.

PUNTE/MARKS: 200 TYD/TIME: 2 uur/hours

Biologie/HG/V2 DoE/Okt.-Nov./2007 Seniorsertifikaat-eksamen


2

INSTRUKSIES EN INLIGTING Lees die volgende noukeurig deur voordat die vrae beantwoord word: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Beantwoord AL die vrae.

Skryf AL die antwoorde in die ANTWOORDEBOEK.

Begin ELKE vraag se antwoord boaan 'n NUWE bladsy.

Nommer die antwoorde presies soos die vrae genommer is. Indien antwoorde nie volgens die instruksies van elke vraag aangebied word nie, sal kandidate punte verloor. ALLE tekeninge moet met potlood gemaak word en die byskrifte met ink.

Teken diagramme en vloeidiagramme slegs indien dit vereis word. Die diagramme in die vraestel is nie noodwendig volgens skaal geteken nie. Die gebruik van grafiekpapier is NIE toelaatbaar NIE. Nie-programmeerbare sakrekenaars, gradeboë en passers mag gebruik word. Skryf netjies en leesbaar.

Biology/HG/P2 DoE/Oct.-Nov./2007 Senior Certificate Examination

Copyright reserved Please turn over

2

INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION Read the following carefully before answering the questions: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11.

Answer ALL the questions.

Write ALL the answers in the ANSWER BOOK.

Start the answer to EACH question at the top of a NEW page. Number the answers exactly as the questions are numbered. If answers are not presented according to the instructions for each question, candidates will lose marks. ALL drawings should be done in pencil and labelled in ink.

Draw diagrams and flow charts only when requested to do so. The diagrams in the question paper may not necessarily be drawn to scale. The use of graph paper is NOT permitted. Non-programmable calculators, protractors and compasses may be used. Write neatly and legibly.



3

AFDELING A

VRAAG 1 1.1 Verskeie moontlike antwoorde word vir elke vraag verskaf. Dui die korrekte

antwoord aan deur slegs die letter (A – D) langs die toepaslike vraag-nommer neer te skryf.

1.1.1 Watter EEN van die volgende faktore speel NIE 'n direkte rol in

geotropisme nie?

A

B C D

Gravitasie Water Ouksien Selverlenging

1.1.2 Gereelde snoei van die punte van 'n plant veroorsaak dat dit

weliger groei omdat ...

A

B C D

dit die plant in staat stel om 'n vorm te ontwikkel wat geskik is vir voortplanting. die plant meer lig en lug kry.

die vrugte-opbrengs van beskadigde plante hoër is. apikale dominansie geëlimineer word.

1.1.3 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram wat areas aan die punt van 'n

stingel toon.

Die ouksienkonsentrasie sal … wees.

2 3 4

Punt van stingel van vars jong saailing

lig

1

A B C D

hoër by 3 as by 2 hoër by 2 as by 3 dieselfde by 2 en 3

dieselfde by 1 en 4



3

SECTION A QUESTION 1 1.1 Various possible answers are provided for each question. Indicate the correct

answer by writing only the letter (A – D) next to the relevant question number.

1.1.1 Which ONE of the following factors does NOT play a direct role in

geotropism?

A

B C D

Gravity Water Auxin Cell elongation

1.1.2 Regular removal of the tips of a plant causes it to become thicker

because ...

A

B C D

it allows the plant to develop a shape that is suitable for reproduction. the plant gets more light and air. the fruit yield of damaged plants is higher. apical dominance is eliminated.

1.1.3 Study the diagram below showing areas in the tip of a stem.

2 3 4

Tip of stem of fresh young seedling

Light

1

The auxin concentration will be ... A

B C D

higher at 3 than at 2. higher at 2 than at 3. the same at 2 and 3. the same at 1 and 4.



4

1.1.4 Die volgende tabel toon die konsentrasie (g/100 mℓ vloeistof) van

ureum en glukose in die bloedplasma van die nierslagaar en in urine:

Ureum Glukose Bloedplasma van nierslagaar 0,03 0,10 Urine 3,00 0,00

Die konsentrasie van die twee stowwe in die bloedplasma van die

nieraar sal heel waarskynlik ... wees.

Ureum Glukose A

B C D

0,03 0,005 0,00 3,00

0,10 0,06 0,00 0,10

1.1.5 Die absorpsie van water deur 'n sel veroorsaak 'n toename in

volume van die selsap, wat op sy beurt druk op die selwand uitoefen. Wat word hierdie verskynsel genoem?

A

B C D

Plasmolise Wanddruk Turgordruk Worteldruk

1.1.6 Die dele van 'n wortelhaar wat as selektief deurlatende membrane

optree, is die ...

A

B C D

selwand en tonoplas. selmembraan en tonoplas. selwand en selmembraan. selwand en sitoplasma.

1.1.7 Onverdikte selwande word in die ... gevind. A

B C D

xileemtrageïede endodermis wortelparenchiem xileemvate

1.1.8 Blare van sommige xerofiete sal waarskynlik … A

B C D

ongeveer dieselfde aantal stomata op beide oppervlakke hê. stomata slegs op die onderste oppervlak hê. stomata slegs op die boonste oppervlak hê. meer stomata op die boonste oppervlak as op die onderste oppervlak hê.

(8 x 2) (16)



4

1.1.4 The following table shows the concentration (g/100 mℓ fluid) of urea

and glucose in the blood plasma of the renal artery and in urine:

Urea Glucose Blood plasma of renal artery 0,03 0,10 Urine 3,00 0,00

The concentration of the two substances in the blood plasma of the

renal vein is most likely to be ...

Urea Glucose A

B C D

0,03 0,005 0,00 3,00

0,10 0,06 0,00 0,10

1.1.5 The absorption of water by a cell causes an increase in volume of

the cell sap, which in turn exerts pressure on the cell wall. What is this phenomenon called?

A

B C D

Plasmolysis Wall pressure Turgor pressure Root pressure

1.1.6 The parts of a root hair which act as selectively permeable

membranes are the ...

A

B C D

cell wall and tonoplast. cell membrane and tonoplast. cell wall and cell membrane. cell wall and cytoplasm.

1.1.7 Unthickened cell walls are found in the ... A

B C D

xylem tracheids. endodermis. root parenchyma. xylem vessels.

1.1.8 Leaves of some xerophytes are likely to have … A

B C D

approximately the same number of stomata on both surfaces. stomata on the lower surface only. stomata on the upper surface only. more stomata on the upper surface than the lower surface.

(8 x 2) (16)



5

1.2 Gee die korrekte biologiese term vir elk van die volgende beskrywings. Skryf

slegs die term langs die toepaslike vraagnommer neer.

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8

'n Chemiese stof wat groei en ontwikkeling by plante reguleer Die chemiese stof in plante wat vir die rypwording van vrugte verantwoordelik is Vinnige asemhaling met 'n oop mond wat deur soogdiere gebruik word om van oortollige liggaamshitte ontslae te raak Die handhawing van 'n konstante interne omgewing in die liggaam van 'n dier Die mikroskopiese gaping tussen twee opeenvolgende neurone Die laag van die oog wat voedingstowwe aan die selle van die oog verskaf Die oppervlak waarteen die stapes/stiebeuel druk uitoefen in die oor Strukture wat sydelingse beweging van water in die xileemvate moontlik maak

(8)

1.3 Dui aan of elk van die stellings in KOLOM I op slegs A, slegs B, beide A en

B of geen van die items in KOLOM II van toepassing is. Skryf slegs A, slegs B, beide A en B of geen langs die toepaslike vraagnommer.

KOLOM I KOLOM II

1.3.1 Bevat voedingstowwe en suurstof A B

Serebrospinale vloeistof Bloed

1.3.2

Bestaan uit 'n versameling senu-vesels

A B

Grysstof Witstof

1.3.3

Het grysstof aan die binnekant A B

Serebrum Serebellum

1.3.4

Bande van Caspary teenwoordig A B

Perisikel Endodermis

1.3.5

'n Oplossing met dieselfde konsentrasie as 'n ander oplossing waarmee dit vergelyk word

A B

Hipertonies Isotonies

1.3.6

Lei tot 'n toename in die tempo van transpirasie

A B

Verhoogde temperatuur Verhoogde humiditeit

(6 x 2) (12)



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1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write

only the term next to the relevant question number.

1.2.1

1.2.2 1.2.3 1.2.4 1.2.5 1.2.6 1.2.7 1.2.8

A chemical substance that regulates growth and development in plants The chemical substance in plants that is responsible for the ripening of fruit Rapid breathing with an open mouth used to get rid of excess body heat by mammals The maintenance of a constant internal environment in the body of an animal The microscopic gap between two consecutive neurons The layer of the eye that supplies nutrients to the cells of the eye The surface on which the stapes/stirrup exerts pressure in the ear Structures that enable lateral movement of water in xylem vessels

(8)

1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A only, B

only, both A and B or none of the items in COLUMN II. Write A only, B only, both A and B or none next to the relevant question number.

COLUMN I COLUMN II

1.3.1 Contains nutrients and oxygen A B

Cerebrospinal fluid Blood

1.3.2

Made up of a collection of nerve fibres

A B

Grey matter White matter

1.3.3

Has grey matter on the inside A B

Cerebrum Cerebellum

1.3.4

Casparian strips present A B

Pericycle Endodermis

1.3.5

A solution with the same concentration as another solution with which it is compared

A B

Hypertonic Isotonic

1.3.6

Leads to an increase in the rate of transpiration

A B

Increased temperature Increased humidity

(6 x 2) (12)



6

1.4 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

1.4.1 Noem die verskynsel wat veroorsaak het dat water in die glasbuis

tot bokant die afgesnyde stingel inbeweeg het.

Glasbuis

Apparaat wat in 'n ondersoek in die studie van waterverhoudings in plante gebruik word

Water styg in glasbuis Water

Rubberbuis

Afgesnyde stingel van potplant

Grond

(1)

1.4.2 Behalwe die verskynsel wat in VRAAG 1.4.1 genoem is, noem

TWEE ander prosesse wat vir die opwaartse beweging van water in plante verantwoordelik is.

(2)

1.4.3 Noem die weefsel wat vir die opwaartse beweging van water in 'n

plant verantwoordelik is. (1)

1.4.4 Die proses wat in die bostaande ondersoek getoon word, veroor-

saak soms dat waterdruppels by die rande van die blare uitloop.

(a) (b) (c)

Noem die proses waardeur waterdruppels vanaf die blare verloor word. Noem die openinkies aan die rande van blare waardeur waterdruppeltjies uitloop.

(1) (1)

Noem TWEE omgewingsfaktore wat die proses wat by VRAAG 1.4.4(a) genoem is, bevorder/laat plaasvind.

(2)



6

1.4 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Glass tube

Apparatus used in an investigation in the study of water relationships in plants

Water rises in glass tube Water

Rubber tubing

Cut-off stem of pot plant Soil

1.4.1 Name the phenomenon that caused water to move into the glass

tube above the cut-off stem. (1)

1.4.2 Besides the phenomenon mentioned in QUESTION 1.4.1,

name TWO other processes responsible for the upward movement of water in a plant.

(2)

1.4.3 Name the tissue that is responsible for the upward transport of

water in a plant. (1)

1.4.4 The process shown in the investigation above sometimes allows

water droplets to exude (come out) from the edges of the leaves.

(a) (b) (c)

Name the process whereby water droplets are lost from the leaves. Name the openings at the edges of the leaves through which water droplets come out. State TWO environmental factors that favour/cause the process in QUESTION 1.4.4(a) to occur.

(1) (1) (2)



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1.4.5 'n Ander leerder het dieselfde apparaat as die een in die diagram

hierbo opgestel. Die leerder het opgelet dat geen water na 'n paar uur in die glasbuis verskyn het nie. Gee TWEE moontlike verduidelikings vir hierdie observasie.

(4) (12)

1.5 Die onderstaande diagram verteenwoordig 'n dwarssnit deur die proksimale

kronkelbuis (A) en 'n enkele epiteelsel (B) van dieselfde nierbuisie in 'n menslike nefron. Bestudeer die diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

1.5.1

BA

3

Dwarssnit van proksimale kronkelbuis en 'n enkele epiteelsel

1

In watter deel van die nier sal jy die proksimale kronkelbuis aantref?

(1)

1.5.2 Identifiseer bloedvat 1. (1) 1.5.3 Verduidelik TWEE waarneembare aanpassings in sel B wat dit in

staat stel om sy funksie doeltreffend uit te voer. (4) (6)



7

1.4.5 Another learner set up the same apparatus as the one in the

diagram above. The learner observed that after several hours no water appeared in the glass tube. Give TWO possible explanations for this observation.

(4) (12)

1.5 The diagram below represents a transverse section through the proximal

convoluted tubule (A) and a single epithelial cell (B) of the same tubule in a human nephron. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

A B

3

1

Transverse section of proximal convoluted tubule and a single epithelial cell

1.5.1 In which part of the kidney would you find the proximal convoluted tubule?

(1)

1.5.2 Identify blood vessel 1. (1) 1.5.3 Explain TWO visible adaptations in cell B that enable it to perform

its function efficiently. (4) (6)



8

1.6 Letters X en Y verteenwoordig neurone wat impulse na en van die brein via

die rugmurg gelei. Bestudeer die diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Rugmurg

X

SLEUTEL A: Skade by X B: Skade by Y C: Geen skade by X en Y

YY

Vel van toon

Spiere van toon

Deur die gegewe sleutel te gebruik, skryf die korrekte letter (A, B of C in die

sleutel) van die toestand wat elk van die volgende verduidelik:

1.6.1 Wanneer die vel van die toon gestimuleer word, beweeg die toon

en die persoon is daarvan bewus dat dit beweeg. (2)

1.6.2 Die persoon kan die toon beweeg, maar kan nie die beweging voel

nie. (2)

1.6.3 Die persoon kan voel dat die toon met 'n speld gesteek word, maar

kan nie die toon beweeg nie. (2) (6)

TOTAAL VRAAG 1: 60

TOTAAL AFDELING A: 60



8

1.6 Letters X and Y represent neurons that conduct impulses to and from the

brain via the spinal cord. Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Spinal cord

XY

KEY A: Damage at X B: Damage at Y C: No damage at X and Y

Y

Skin of toe

Muscles of toe

Using the given key, write down the correct letter (A, B or C in key) of the

condition that explains each of the following:

1.6.1 When the skin of the toe is stimulated, the toe moves and the

person knows that it is moving. (2)

1.6.2 The person can move the toe, but cannot feel the movement. (2) 1.6.3 The person can feel a pin pricking the toe, but cannot move the

toe. (2) (6)

TOTAL QUESTION 1:

TOTAL SECTION A:60 60



9

AFDELING B VRAAG 2 2.1 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor senukoördinasie: 2.1.1 Noem DRIE tipes sensasies wat deur die sensoriese area van die

serebrum waargeneem word. (3)

2.1.2 Hoewel die been 'n groot deel van die liggaam is, is slegs 'n klein

gedeelte van die serebrum sensitief vir stimuli wat daarvandaan ontvang word in vergelyking met ander dele in die liggaam. Verduidelik waarom dit die geval is.

(2)

2.1.3 'n Vlieg nader jou oog en jy sluit onmiddellik jou oë. Noem die tipe

reaksie wat plaasgevind het. (1)

2.1.4 Onderskei tussen die reaksie wat jy by VRAAG 2.1.3 genoem het

en 'n refleksboog. (5)

2.1.5 Noem EEN plek in die liggaam waarheen die brein impulse sal

stuur indien die bloed ...

(a)

(b) (c)

te veel water bevat. 'n hoë druk het. te veel koolstofdioksied bevat.

(1) (1) (1) (14)

2.2 Beantwoord die volgende vrae oor die menslike oor: 2.2.1 Verduidelik wat die effek by die mens in die volgende gevalle sal

wees:

(a)

(b) Orgaan van Corti is beskadig Buis van Eustachius is geblokkeer

(3) (4)

2.2.2 'n Seun ry fiets teen 'n hoë spoed om 'n skerp draai in die pad.

Beskryf die rol wat die seun se ore speel om te voorkom dat hy van die fiets afval wanneer hy om die draai gaan.

(8)

2.2.3 Maak 'n skets van die binne-oor van 'n mens en benoem die dele

wat hieronder genoem word: halfsirkelvormige kanaal; ampulla; sakkulus; utrikulus; koglea

(6) (21)

TOTAAL VRAAG 2: 35



9

SECTION B QUESTION 2 2.1 Answer the following questions on nervous co-ordination: 2.1.1 Name THREE types of sensations perceived by the sensory area

of the cerebrum. (3)

2.1.2 Although the leg is a big part of the body, only a small area in the

sensory region of the cerebrum is sensitive to stimuli from it compared with other parts of the body. Explain why this is the case.

(2)

2.1.3 A fly approaches your eye and you immediately close your eyes.

Name the type of reaction that has taken place. (1)

2.1.4 Differentiate between the reaction you named in QUESTION 2.1.3

and a reflex arc. (5)

2.1.5 Name ONE place in the body that the brain will send impulses to if

the blood has ...

(a)

(b) (c)

too much water. a high pressure. too much carbon dioxide.

(1) (1) (1) (14)

2.2 Answer the following questions on the human ear: 2.2.1 Explain what the effect in humans will be in the following situations: (a)

(b) Organ of Corti is damaged Eustachian tube is blocked

(3) (4)

2.2.2 A boy rides a bicycle at a high speed around a sharp bend in the

road. Describe the role of this boy's ears in preventing him from falling off the bicycle when coming around the bend.

(8)

2.2.3 Make a drawing of the inner ear of a human and label the parts

listed below: semi-circular canal; ampulla; sacculus; utriculus; cochlea

(6) (21)

TOTAL QUESTION 2: 35



10

VRAAG 3 3.1 Bestudeer die diagram en die inligting wat verskaf word en beantwoord die

daaropvolgende vrae.

D

C

B

A

Posisie van sommige endokriene kliere in die liggaam

'n Hormoon wat deur een van die kliere afgeskei word, het die volgende

uitwerking: Hart klop vinniger Slagare wat die dermkanaal voorsien, vernou Slagare wat die spiere voorsien, verwyd Pupilgrootte neem toe

3.1.1 Gee die letter en naam van die klier wat die hormoon wat

bogenoemde veranderinge teweegbring, afskei. (2)

3.1.2 Verduidelik die betekenis van elk van die volgende veranderinge: (a) Hart klop vinniger (2)

(b) Slagare wat die dermkanaal voorsien, vernou (2) (c) Pupilgrootte neem toe (2)



10

QUESTION 3 3.1 Study the diagram and the information provided and answer the questions

that follow.

D

C

B

A

Position of some endocrine glands in the body

A hormone secreted by one of the glands has the following effects:

Heartbeat increases Arteries supplying the gut constrict Arteries supplying the muscles dilate Pupil size increases

3.1.1 Give the letter and name of the gland that secretes the hormone

that brings about the above changes. (2)

3.1.2 Explain the significance of each of the following changes: (a)

(b) (c)

Heartbeat increases Arteries supplying the gut constrict Pupil size increases

(2) (2) (2)



11

3.1.3 'n Eksperiment op drie groepe rotte met dieselfde massa en

ouderdom is uitgevoer om die effek van 'n sekresie van 'n klier in rotte met dieselfde funksie as klier B in die diagram te ondersoek. Die drie groepe is soos volg behandel: Groep 1: Is 'n normale dieet plus die sekresie van die klier waarna hierbo verwys word, gevoer Groep 2: Is slegs 'n normale dieet gevoer Groep 3: Is 'n normale dieet plus drinkwater wat 'n inhibitor van klier B-sekresie bevat, gevoer

(a)

(b) (c)

Watter groep rotte (1, 2 of 3) sal die grootste toename in massa toon as al drie groepe dieselfde hoeveelheid en tipe voedsel gevoer word? Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 3.1.3(a). Daar was verskille in die voorkoms en gedrag van die rotte in hulle rustoestand. Groep 1-rotte het uitgestrek gelê met pienk ore en voete. Daarteenoor het Groep 3-rotte in 'n balletjie opgekrul gelê en hulle ore en voete was baie bleek. Verduidelik die voorkoms en gedrag van die rotte in Groep 1.

(1) (4) (4) (17)

3.2 Bestudeer die onderstaande tabel wat die menslike liggaam se reaksie op

veranderinge in die interne liggaamstemperatuur toon en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Letter Liggaamstemperatuur Liggaam se reaksie A 38,0 °C Koors en sweet B 37,2 °C Normale funksionering C 35,0 °C Bewing D 32,0 °C Verlies van gevoel E 30,0 °C Koma

F 25,0 °C Gewisse dood

3.2.1 Noem die termoreguleringsentrum in die menslike liggaam. (1) 3.2.2 Kies uit die tabel die letter (A tot F) wat elk van die volgende die

beste beskryf:

(a)

Die liggaam se reaksie wat tot 'n daling in liggaams-temperatuur lei

Die liggaam se reaksie wat tot 'n styging in liggaams-temperatuur lei

(1) (1)

(b)



11

3.1.3 An experiment on three groups of rats of the same mass and age

was carried out to investigate the effect of a secretion from a gland in rats with the same function as gland B in the diagram. The three groups were treated as follows: Group 1: Fed a normal diet plus the secretion from the gland referred to above Group 2: Fed a normal diet only Group 3: Fed a normal diet plus drinking water that contained an inhibitor of gland B secretion

(a)

(b) (c)

Which group of rats (1, 2 or 3) will show the highest increase in mass if all three groups were fed the same amount and type of food? Explain your answer to QUESTION 3.1.3(a). There were differences in the appearance and behaviour of the rats at rest. Group 1 rats lay stretched out and had pink ears and feet. In contrast Group 3 rats lay curled up into a ball and their ears and feet were very pale. Explain the appearance and behaviour of the rats in Group 1.

(1) (4) (4) (17)

3.2 Study the table below showing the human body's response to changes in its

internal body temperature and answer the questions that follow.

Letter Internal body

temperature Body's response

A 38,0 °C Fever and sweating B 37,2 °C Normal functioning C 35,0 °C Shivering D 32,0 °C Loss of feeling E 30,0 °C Coma F 25,0 °C Certain death

3.2.1 Name the thermoregulation centre in the human body. (1) 3.2.2 Choose from the table the letter (A to F) that best describes each

of the following:

(a)

(b)

Body's response that leads to a decrease in body temperature Body's response that leads to an increase in body temperature

(1) (1)



12

3.2.3 Verduidelik hoe elkeen van die reaksies wat in VRAAG 3.2.2(a) en 3.2.2(b) genoem is, help om die verlangde liggaamstemperatuur teweeg te bring.

(6)

3.2.4 Verduidelik waarom 'n temperatuur van 25,0 °C tot die dood sal lei. (3)

(12) 3.3 Baie ou mense rus meer, het swak bloedsomloop en is ondergewig, en dit

maak hulle baie kwesbaar vir hipotermie (liggaamstemperatuur wat baie laer is as die normale) gedurende die koue seisoen.

Verduidelik hoe elk van die volgende tot hipotermie by ou mense bydra: 3.3.1 Meer rus (2) 3.3.2 Swak bloedomloop (2) 3.3.3 Ondergewig (2)

(6) TOTAAL VRAAG 3: 35



12

3.2.3 Explain how each of the responses named in QUESTIONS 3.2.2(a)

and 3.2.2(b) helps to bring about the desired body temperature change.

(6)

3.2.4 Explain why a temperature of 25,0 °C will lead to death. (3)

(12) 3.3 Many old people rest more, have poor blood circulation and are underweight,

all of which make them very vulnerable to hypothermia (body temperature much lower than normal) during the cold season.

Explain how each of the following contributes to hypothermia in old people: 3.3.1 Resting more (2) 3.3.2 Poor blood circulation (2) 3.3.3 Being underweight (2)

(6) TOTAL QUESTION 3: 35



13

VRAAG 4 4.1 Die beblaarde takkies van twee plante, Plant 1 en Plant 2, is in 'n ondersoek

oor waterverlies gebruik. Een plant se blare het 'n dik kutikula en 'n harige epidermis gehad, terwyl die ander plant se blare 'n dun kutikula en geen hare op die epidermis gehad het nie. Die verandering in die massa van die beblaarde takkies van elke plant is oor 'n tydperk gemeet. Die persentasie massaverlies van die plante is gebruik as 'n aanduiding van die hoeveelheid water wat verloor is. Die resultate van die ondersoek word in die tabel hieronder getoon:

% massaverlies per eenheidsoppervlakte

Tyd van die dag Plant 1 Plant 2

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

0,0

5,5

7,5

8,5

9,0

0,0

13,5

15,5

18,0

20,0

4.1.1 4.1.2

Teken TWEE lyngrafieke op dieselfde assestelsel om die resultate van die ondersoek voor te stel. Verduidelik waarom die grootste persentasie massaverlies in albei plante tussen 11:00 en 12:00 plaasgevind het.

(13) (2)

4.1.3 Watter een van die twee plante het blare met 'n dikker kutikula en

'n harige epidermis gehad? (1)

4.1.4 Gee 'n rede vir jou antwoord op VRAAG 4.1.3.

(2) (18)

4.2 Beantwoord die volgende vrae wat verband hou met die vervoer van water in

plante.

4.2.1 Verduidelik waarom:

(a) (b)

Xileemvate dik, sterk wande het Die buitenste oppervlak van 'n wortelhaar soos 'n buisie uitsteek

(2) (2)

4.2.2 Gee TWEE moontlike verklarings waarom die meeste potplante

wat binnenshuis gehou word, doodgaan as hulle te veel water kry. (4)

4.2.3 Beskryf kortliks hoe mense wat met lang vakansies (vir ongeveer 'n

maand) gaan, kan voorkom dat hulle binnenshuise plante in hulle afwesigheid weens 'n gebrek aan water doodgaan as daar niemand is wat na die plante omsien nie.

(2) (10)



13

QUESTION 4 4.1 The leafy shoots of two plants, Plant 1 and Plant 2, were used to carry out an

investigation into water loss. One plant had leaves with a thick cuticle and hairy epidermis, while the other plant had leaves with a thin cuticle and no hairs on the epidermis. The change in mass of the leafy shoots of each plant was measured over a period of time. The percentage loss of mass of the plants was used as an indication of the amount of water lost. The results of the investigation are shown in the table below:

% loss of mass per unit area

Time of day Plant 1 Plant 2

11:00

12:00

13:00

14:00

15:00

0,0

5,5

7,5

8,5

9,0

0,0

13,5

15,5

18,0

20,0

4.1.1 4.1.2

Draw TWO line graphs on the same system of axes to represent the results of the investigation. Explain why the greatest percentage loss of mass in both plants took place between 11:00 and 12:00.

(13) (2)

4.1.3 Which of the two plants had leaves with a thicker cuticle and hairy

epidermis? (1)

4.1.4 Give a reason for your answer to QUESTION 4.1.3.

(2) (18)

4.2 Answer the following questions relating to the transport of water in plants. 4.2.1 Explain why:

(a) (b)

Xylem vessels have thick, strong walls The outer surface of a root hair extends like a tube

(2) (2)

4.2.2 Provide TWO possible explanations as to why most pot plants kept

indoors die if they are over-watered. (4)

4.2.3 Briefly describe how people who take long holidays (for

approximately a month) can prevent their indoor plants from dying from a lack of water while they are away with no one to take care of them.

(2) (10)



14

4.3 Bestudeer die onderstaande diagram en beantwoord die vrae wat volg.

Chloroplas

B

Kern

Epidermis-selle van blaaroppervlak

A

4.3.1

4.3.2

Identifiseer die strukture A en B gemerk. Een teorie beweer dat die ruimte wat B gemerk is, groter word as gevolg van kalium-ione (K+) wat die chloroplast-bevattende selle binnedring.

(2)

(a) (b)

Noem die proses waarvolgens kalium-ione die chloroplast-bevattende selle binnedring wat in die bostaande diagram getoon word. Beskryf hoe die beweging van kalium-ione op hierdie wyse tot 'n toename in die grootte van B lei.

(1) (4) (7)

TOTAAL VRAAG 4: 35

TOTAAL AFDELING B: 105



14

4.3 Study the diagram below and answer the questions that follow.

Chloroplast

BA

Nucleus

Epidermal cells of leaf surface

4.3.1

4.3.2

Identify the structures labelled A and B. One theory suggests that the space labelled B becomes larger as a result of more potassium ions (K+) entering the chloroplast-containing cells.

(2)

(a) (b)

Name the process by which potassium ions move into the chloroplast-containing cells shown in the diagram above. Describe how the movement of potassium ions in this way results in an increase in the size of B.

(1) (4) (7)

TOTAL QUESTION 4:

TOTAL SECTION B:35 105



15

AFDELING C VRAAG 5 5.1 Die onderstaande tabel toon die verskille in die gemiddelde daaglikse

hoeveelheid water en natrium in die glomerulêre filtraat en die urine:

Glomerulêre filtraat Urine Water 180,0 liter 1,5 liter

Natrium 550,0 gram 5,0 gram

5.1.1 Watter persentasie van water word geherabsorbeer? Toon jou bewerking.

(3)

5.1.2 Verduidelik hoe die hoeveelheid geherabsorbeerde water

gereguleer word wanneer vloeistowwe vir 'n rukkie nie ingeneem word nie.

(7)

5.1.3 Verduidelik die groot verskil in die hoeveelheid natrium in die

filtraat en die urine. (2)

5.1.4 Verduidelik waarom daar in 'n gesonde persoon geen proteïene in

die urine aangetref word nie. (2)

5.1.5 Sal die druk van die vloeistof in die nefron hoër wees in die

proksimale kronkelbuis of in die distale kronkelbuis? (1)

5.1.6 Verduidelik jou antwoord op VRAAG 5.1.5. (2)

(17) 5.2 Gedurende metabolisme word afvalstowwe in die menslike liggaam gevorm.

Dit is noodsaaklik dat hierdie afvalstowwe uit die liggaam uitgeskei word aangesien hulle giftig is. Verduidelik die rol van die nier in uitskeiding deur die rol van die nefron in urinevorming te beskryf.

Inhoud:Sintese:

LET WEL: GEEN punte sal toegeken word vir antwoorde in die vorm van diagramme of vloeidiagramme nie.

TOTAAL VRAAG 5:TOTAAL AFDELING C:

GROOTTOTAAL:

15 3 (18) 35 35 200



15

SECTION C QUESTION 5 5.1 The table below shows the differences in the average daily amount of water

and sodium in the glomerular filtrate and the urine:

Glomerular filtrate Urine

Water 180,0 litres00 1,5 litres Sodium 550,0 grams 5,0 grams

5.1.1 What percentage of the water was re-absorbed? Show your

working. (3)

5.1.2 Explain how the amount of water re-absorbed is regulated when

liquids are not taken in for a while. (7)

5.1.3 Account for the large difference in the amount of sodium in the

filtrate and the urine. (2)

5.1.4 Explain why no proteins are found in the urine of a healthy person. (2) 5.1.5 Will the pressure of the fluid in the nephron be higher in the

proximal convoluted tubule or in the distal convoluted tubule? (1)

5.1.6 Explain your answer to QUESTION 5.1.5. (2)

(17) 5.2 During metabolism waste products are formed in the human body. It is

important that these waste products be excreted from the body since they are toxic. Explain the role of the kidney in excretion by describing the role of the nephron in urine formation.

Content:Synthesis:

NOTE: NO marks will be awarded for answers in the form of diagrams or flow charts.

TOTAL QUESTION 5:TOTAL SECTION C:

GRAND TOTAL:

15 3 (18) 35 35 200

0032.2 biologie (vraestel 2) biology (paper 2)...

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