$01 ’/ 2$--&34 #.5$3 3)&415/.1//67 8&’1 01&%6.)3 ’/ -./2/’) … ·...

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Introduction The aim of this research is to understand the role of the neighborhood context in shaping children's perceptions, access, and use of community spaces that have the potential to increase their physical-activity levels outside of the school day from the perspectives of children themselves. Methodologies that engage children in dialogue about this topic have the potential to provide insights into effective planning, design, and health interventions that may previously have been overlooked or unknown to adult professionals. I offer evidence for the use of qualitative and participatory GIS with children to understand the role of the neighborhood context in supporting or hindering opportunities for physical activity. What do children think, feel, value, know, and care about in their neighborhood, and how do these perceptions and behaviors relate to their physical-activity levels? By layering children's perceptual cartographies with other databases available to neighborhood planners, one can begin to visualize connections between individual behaviors and larger metastructures shap- ing local environments that have the potential to impact physical activity. In particular, qualitative GIS can help to engage children and their families in shaping urban design and health-education interventions that are socially and culturally appropriate, and which are grounded in their lived realities. Literature review Increasing levels of obesity among children and youth in the United States in the last three decades has led social scientists and public-health researchers to explore the role of the built environment in promoting or hindering physical activity in young people's daily routines, particularly in economically impoverished communities where the risk for childhood obesity is greatest (for reviews see Delva et al, 2006; McMillan, 2005; Sallis et al, 2000). After the home and the school environments, neighborhoods A qualitative GIS approach to mapping urban neighborhoods with children to promote physical activity and child-friendly community planning Pamela Wridt College of Architecture and Planning, University of Colorado Denver, Campus Box 126, PO Box 173364, Denver, CO 80217-3364, USA; e-mail: [email protected] Received 9 January 2008; in revised form 7 February 2009 Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 2010, volume 37, pages 129 ^ 147 Abstract. As the obesity epidemic in children increases, it is important to consider the role of neighborhoods in supporting children's physical activity and healthy development, especially in low- income communities where obesity levels among children are higher than for their middle-income counterparts. I present a participatory and qualitative GIS approach to mapping children's own perceptions and use of their neighborhood for physical activity with ten and eleven year-olds growing up in a diverse low-income community in Denver, CO. Girls walk shorter distances to and use different types of community spaces for play and recreation from boys, some of which is explained by the differing environmental-socialization approaches employed by parents and carers. Children's perceptions of risk align spatially with features of the built environment, but do not correlate with reported crime. Results illustrate the utility of qualitative spatial analysis to understand relationships between children's perception, the built environment, and social factors that shape children's active transport, leisure, and recreation in their neighborhood. Children's local knowledge should be valued and solicited in community-level health and planning interventions to promote physical activity. doi:10.1068/b35002

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