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Philippine Supreme Court Jurisprudence > Year 1912 > November 1912 Decisions > G.R. No. 7567November 12, 1912 - UNITED STATES v. SEGUNDO BARIAS

023 Phil 434:

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FIRST DIVISION

[G.R. No. 7567. November 12, 1912. ]

THE UNITED STATES, Plaintiff-Appellee , v. SEGUNDO BARIAS, Defendant-Appellant .

Bruce, Lawrence, Ross & Block for Appella nt .

Solicitor-General Harvey for Appelle e .

SYLLABUS

1. NEGLIGENCE DEFINED. — Negligence is "the failure to observe, for the protection of the interestsof another person, that degree of care, precaution and vigilance which the circumstances justlydemand, whereby such other person suffers injury." c r a l a w v i r t u a 1 a w l i b r a r y

2. ID.; ID. — Silvela’s observation that "if a moment’s attention and reflexion would have shown aperson that the act which he was about to perform was liable to have the harmful consequenceswhich it had, such person acted with temerity and may be guilty of imprudencia temeraria," cited withapproval.

3. ID.; ID. — "The diligence with which the law requires the individual at all times to govern hisconduct varies with the nature of the situation in which he is placed and with the importance of theact which he is to perform." (U. S. v. Reyes, 1 Phil. Rep., 375, 377.)

4. ID.; STREET RAILWAYS; DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF MOTORMEN. — Held, that amotorman operating a street car on a public street in a densely populated section of the city of Manilais bound to know and to recognize that any negligence on his part in observing the track over whichhe is running his car may result in fatal accidents. He has no right, when he starts from a standstill, toassume that the track before his car is clear. It is his duty to satisfy himself of that fact by keeping asharp lookout and doing everything in his power to avoid the danger which is necessarily incident tothe operation of heavy street cars on thoroughfares in populous sections of the city.

5. ID.; ID.; ID. — In the absence of some regulation of his employers, a motorman who has broughthis car to a standstill is not bound to keep his eyes directly to the front while the car is stopped, butbefore setting it again in motion, it is his duty to satisfy himself that the track is clear, and for thatpurpose to look and to see the track just in front of his car.

6. ID.; ID.; ID. — The reasons of public policy which impose upon street car companies and theiremployees the duty of exercising the utmost degree of diligence in securing the safety of passengers,apply with equal force to the duty of avoiding infliction of injuries upon pedestrians and others uponthe public streets and thoroughfares over which such companies are authorized to run their cars.

7. ID.; ID.; ID. — It is the manifest duty of a motorman operating an electric street car on a publicthoroughfare in as thickly settled district, to satisfy himself that the track is clear immediately in frontof his car before setting it in motion from a standstill and for that purpose to incline his body slightlyforward, if that be necessary, in order to bring the track immediately in front of his car within his lineof vision.

D E C I S I O N

CARSON, J. :

This is an appeal from a sentence imposed by the Honorable A. S. Crossfield, judge of the Court of First Instance of Manila, for homicide resulting from reckless negligence. The informationcharges: jgc:chanr obles.c om.ph

"That on or about November 2, 1911, in the city of Manila, Philippine Islands, the said Segundo Bariaswas a motorman on street car No. 9, run 7, of the Pasay-Cervantes lines of the Manila ElectricRailroad and Light Company, a corporation duly organized and doing business in the city of Manila,Philippine Islands; as such motorman he was controlling and operating said street car along RizalAvenue, formerly Calle Cervantes, of this city, and as such motorman of said street car he was

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