020383- filosofía política -teorico nº11 (23.10.07).pdf

8/2/2019 020383- Filosofa Poltica -TEORICO N11 (23.10.07).pdf

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Pk`v k r iv i bk _{ f g nì` njekpLirkvni= Cngjpjci _jgrnì 6*640 06 @J_NIP

@rkbvi= Bjrrn

Rkvn`j= e 99 60*9?*?8

_vjckpjv= Mjvhk Bjrrn

Rkli= Nervjb{``ne i _vne`npnj bk gi Cngjjci bkg Bkvk`dj

_vjckjv= F{kei rivbk% @jlke}ilj dj~ `je gi Nervjb{``ne% Kg 9 pvkkeri gi

ib`vnp`ne bk pgkei vkignbib kt`g{nsilkerk ig `je`kprj% Ke gi Jfkvsi`ne kr `givj= gi

pvkkeri`ne bkg bkvk`dj' ke rierj ifkv cngjcn`j' k ke { `je`kprj% _kvj ig j`{pivk bkg

`je`kprj' Dkhkg i`givi gj y{k ~i ifklj= y{k k j`{pi bk gi vkignbib% _jvy{k kg `je`kprj

k gi {enskvignbib ke gi pgkenr{b y{k gk k pvjpni' i ifkv' ne`g{~kebj gi ktnrke`ni%

J`{pivk bkg `je`kprj k j`{pivk bk gi `jeejri`njek ~' ig lnlj rnklpj' bkg ljbj ke

y{k ki `jeejri`njek k keìveie' krj k' ktnrke j k bie vkignbib%

Idjvi fnke' ~i kigilj ig cneig bk gi `gik piibi gi bncn`{grib y{k k pvkkeri ke gi

Jfkvsi`ne= rjbj gj y{k ej k kri ktnrke`ni j vkignbib vk{grierk bkg bneilnlj bk gi

i{rj,pjn`ne pvjpni bk gj {enskvig' kg bneilnlj pvjpnj bk gj {enskvig' `jenrkerk ke

i{rj,pjekvk' i{rj,vkign}ivk' pvkkerivk' pvkkerncnìvk' k `jlj bn`k Dkhkg iy{' $%%%.

ktnrke`ni piimkvi' `jernehke`ni ktrkvnjv' jpnene $%%%.% Difi y{kbibj ifnkvrj kg

pvjfgkli bk diri y{ p{erj {ei cngjjci `jlj gi dkhkgniei gk `je`kbk gi i{rjejli

{cn`nkerk ig ljlkerj bk gi `jernehke`ni `jlj pivi y{k ej ki {ei liekvi bk difgiv bk gjlnlj' bk gj {enskvig ke gi vnh{vjnbib bk { ìpi`nbib jlen`jlpvkensi% K bk`nv' ke

vkignbib' ej di~ eibi y{k ej ìnhi bkervj bk gj {enskvig1 n ej' rk ej kvi rig% ^ n rjbj

k {enskvig ke igh{ei bk { cnh{vi' y{ kernbj rnkek kri `jernehke`ni: [ei `ji k y{k

gi cngjjci ej k j`{pk bk gj `jernehkerk' ~ jrvi `ji k y{k gj `jernehkerk ej ki gi

vkignbib bk gj {enskvig% Pje bj `ji bnrneri% Gj pvnlkvj' kg y{k gi cngjjci ej k j`{pk

bk gj `jernehkerk' ej rvik enehe pvjfgkli1 ej di~ y{k kv dkhkgniej pivi icnvliv gj

6*040 06`jp


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lnlj% Ke ìlfnj' y{k gj `jernehkerk ej pkvrkek}ì jerjghnìlkerk i gi vkignbib `jlj

vkign}ivk bk gj {enskvig ~i k l `jlpgnìbj%

Bk rjbi liekvi' i Dkhkg gk nerkvki' ierk rjbj' i`ker{iv kg kernbj y{k rnkek gj y{k

nh{k' kg rktrj lnlj' bkbk kg p{erj bk snri bk gi `nkerncn`nbib% Bk gj y{k k rviri k bk

bkljrviv kg `je`kprj bk bkvk`dj= ~ krj y{nkvk bk`nv y{k kg p{erj bk pivrnbi k kg `je`kprj

bk bkvk`dj lnlj% Dkhkg bn`k Q6\ y{k k gj i{lk `jlj ~i bibj' ke rierj p{erj bk

pivrnbi%

Gj y{k k kr pvk{pjenkebj iy{' ke ln jpnene' k gi ckejlkejgjhi bkg bkvk`dj' i

ifkv= bk y{ liekvi kg kpvnr{ `jlj sjg{erib y{k k vkign}i ke cjvli m{vbnì di nbj

vk`jvvnkebj {ei kvnk bk cik' ìbi {ei bk gi `{igk k {ei liekvi ne{cn`nkerk bk ktnrnvbk gi nbki bk bkvk`dj' ne`g{nbi cik y{k bnvk`rilkerk ipivk`ke `jlj {ei ekhirnsnbib

ifjg{ri vkpk`rj bkg kernbj bkg bkvk`dj' `jlj gj k gi cik bk gi k`gisnr{b ,ighj bk krj

rilfne dklj kribj `jeskviebj gi grnli sk},% Dkhkg pvkkeri gi `nke`ni cngjcnì bkg

bkvk`dj `jlj {pjenkebj y{k jrvj ipk`rj bk gi cngjjci ~i k j`{p bk krk ipivk`kv bkg

bkvk`dj% I' gi bn`npgnei ggilibi cngjjci bkg bkvk`dj p{kbk pvk`nebnv bk krk ljlkerj

hkekighn`j% g si i nenrnv sivni sk`k `je krj' ~ g{khj skvklj pjv y{1 ej k

nlpgklkerk {e pvjfgkli bk idjvvj bk kekvhi bn`{vnsi' nej y{k `je`nkvek i gi

bnlkene pjgrnì lnli bkg pgierkj dkhkgniej% Iy{' ipivk`k `jlj {ei {kvrk bk vkì{bj

kpnrkljghn`j' `jlj bn`nkebj= n y{nkvke skv `lj k y{k k p{kbk k`vnfnv {e rktrj bk

cngjjci pivrnkebj bkg `je`kprj bk bkvk`dj' gkie gi Ckejlkejgjhi bkg kpvnr{% Krilj ke

{e kribnj bkg kpvnr{ ke kg y{k `jej`klj gj y{k pi% Kerje`k' pivrnlj bkg `je`kprj

bk gi `ji% î dklj igìe}ibj gi `jlpvkene bkg `je`kprj%

Ke krk kernbj' gi cngjjci bkg bkvk`dj liernkek igh{ei ieigjhi `je {ei ghnì% K

bk`nv' gj y{k gi ghnì' gi `nke`ni cngjcnì bk gi nbki' k pivi kg nrkli rjbj' gi cngjjci

bkg bkvk`dj k pivi kg bkvk`dj% K `jlj {ei ghnì bkg bkvk`dj% _jv kj i`givi Dkhkg' ke kglnlj pivhvicj' y{k ej k j`{pi bkg bkskenv1 krk bkskenv k iy{kggj i gj y{k ~j ig{b

`jlj ckejlkejgjhi= kg bkskenv bkg bkvk`dj% Kg 6 rkvlnei=

Kg `je`kprj bkg bkvk`dj y{kbi' p{k' ke `{ierj i { bkskenv' c{kvi bk gi `nke`ni bkg

bkvk`dj1 { bkb{``ne kr iy{ {p{kri' ~ kg `je`kprj lnlj bkfk i`kprivk `jlj

bibj%


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Idjvi fnke' bibj y{nkvk bk`nv krj= ipivk`nkebj kg k`vnrjv bk krk gnfvj' ke kg ljlkerj

cneig bk gi ckejlkejgjhi bkg kpvnr{' p{kbk k`vnfnvgj pivrnkebj bk gi nbki bkg bkvk`dj%

Ierk' ej pjbi difkvk k`vnrj bk kri liekvi% Gj l `kvìej' pkvj pkgnhvjilkerk

ne{cn`nkerk' k gi `jlpvkene y{k kg kerkebnlnkerj di bkljrvibj rkekv bkg bkvk`dj% Ke

gi lnrib bk gi Jfkvsi`ne' bkp{ bk biv kg kmklpgj bk `lj gi `jlpvkenjek bkg

ckelkej m{vbn`j kre iribi i { pjì $%%%.pivi kg bkvk`dj vjliej' bn`k Dkhkg' ej

kvi pjnfgk eneh{ei bkcnen`ne bkg djlfvk' p{k ej k pjbvi {f{lnv ke kggi ig

k`gisj% Pk vkcnkvk i gi bkb{``ne bk gi bkcnen`ne% _jbvilj bk`nv y{k gj y{k kernkebk

Dkhkg iy{ pjv bkb{``ne k bkljrvi`ne' ke kg kernbj bk p{kri i gi g{} bkg `jerkenbj

vi`njeig y{k rnkek gi nbki bkg bkvk`dj' ne`g{nbj ke kk `jerkenbj vi`njeig kg bk bivkktnrke`ni' k bk`nv' gi pvkkeri`ne bk gi `jeejri`njek bk gi nbki bkg bkvk`dj ,

`jeejri`njek y{k `jeggksie rilfne kg ktnrnv' `jlj nernr{`njek `je`vkri' bk kj

vihj `je`kpr{igk% Bkb{`nv k &iìv di`ni ic{kvi&%

Ig{lei= _ivi Dkhkg' gi nbki nklpvk {pjek {ei vkign}i`ne ke gi dnrjvni:

_vjckjv= Bnhljgj i= iy{g y{k p{kbk pvkkeriv ibk`{ibilkerk gi nbki k gj

y{nke cngjjci bkbk kg ljlkerj grnlj bkg bkpgnkh{k bk gi nbki lnli' krj k' iy{kg y{k

k ke`{kervi g{khj bk y{k gi nbki k di bkpgkhibj ke gi ktnrke`ni ne vknb{j1 ej y{kbi

eibi pivi kg c{r{vj%

Gi bkb{``ne kerje`k si `jenrnv ke nv pvkkeriebj gi vny{k}i `je`kpr{ig bk gi nbki

bkg bkvk`dj' l igg bk gi ivrn`{gi`ne dnrvn`j,hkekighnì bk kri `jeejri`njek% Ke

ìlfnj' di~ jrvj lrjbj ky{nsjìbj% Bn`k Dkhkg=

Gi bkb{``ne bk gi bkcnen`ne k di`k i sk`k i pivrnv bk gi krnljgjhi' pkvj kg

lrjbj y{k l k {rngn}i `jenrk ke ifrvikv bk gj ìj pivrn`{givk' `je gj `{ig k

`jgjì `jlj c{ebilkerj kg kernlnkerj ~ gi vkpvkkeri`ne bk gj djlfvk%

Krj k gj y{k di`k kg kerkebnlnkerj= pjekvk `jlj {mkrj cvkerk i {ei pg{vignbib bkjfmkrj y{k je ìj pivrn`{givk= rig nernr{`ne m{vbnì' kg keibj vjliej' kg keibj

cvie` bkg nhgj TNT' gi k`gisnr{b' kg rvifimj iigivnibj' `jlpiviv kervk ilfj' rjliv {e

ìj' rjliv jrvj' ~ ifrvikv y{ p{kbk difkv bk `jle kervk gj bnrnerj ìj pivrn`{givk

bk nernr{`njek m{vbnì y{k gi dnrjvni si pvkkeriebj ke { vk`jvvnbj% Ke`jervibi {ei

ejri `jle' gi ktpvki `vk~kebj y{k i bkcnek%


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_kvj' `je kri liekvi bk pvj`kbkv' nklpvk k kg {mkrj iy{kg y{k ggksi i ìfj gi rivki

bk ke`jerviv gj `jle i gj bnrnerj ìj pivrn`{givk1 ~ pivi kj' {kgk i{lnv `jlj

c{ebilkerj bk ki ejri `jle gj y{k jfsnilkerk k {fmkrnsj= kg {mkrj ej igk bkg {mkrj%

Gi sivnierk kerje`k y{k kigi Dkhkg je= ke`jerviv ke gj {fmkrnsj kj `jle ,i{ey{k

pivk}ì {e `dnrk, i enskg bk kernlnkerj' j fnke i pivrnv bk gi gnfkvrib bkg ~j' `jlj bn`k

iy{' gi vkpvkkeri`ne ,ig{bnkebj i gj y{k' pjv kmklpgj' Aier ggilifi vkpvkkeri`ne' j

ki' gi nlihke y{k kg {mkrj k cjvli bk gi jfmkrnsnbib,%

Gi `jvvk``ne bk gi bkcnen`ne ,bk bkvk`dj, k lnbk kerje`k pjv gi ibk`{i`ne `je

gi vkpvkkeri`njek ktnrkerk%

Kri liekvi bk pvj`kbkv nklpvk bkmi ifnkvri gi p{kvri i gi `vrnì ~ i gi i`rnsnbibvksjg{`njeivni% _jvy{k n ~j ke`{kervj ig bkcnen`ne hvi`ni ig pvj`kbnlnkerj bk kgnlneiv'

`je li~jv j lkejv ivfnrvivnkbib' gj pivrn`{giv' {ei sk} y{k ke{e`nj gi bkcnen`ne ~ `je ki

bkcnen`ne cv{rj bk {ei ifrvi``ne sj~ i gi vkignbibk `je`vkri' kri grnli nklpvk sie

i kerviv ke bnjeie`ni `je gi bkcnen`ne% _jvy{k' m{rilkerk' gi bkcnen`ne ei`n bk gi

jpkvi`ne bk bkmiv bk gibj gi pivrn`{givnbibk `je`vkri% Bn`dj bk jrvj ljbj' gj y{k di~

bk `je`vkrj ej k vi`njeig1 kerje`k' gi bkcnen`ne vi`njeig ei`k bk kgnlneiv gj `je`vkrj%

[ei sk} y{k rkehj gi bkcnen`ne vi`njeig' sj~ i gj `je`vkrj= jfsnilkerk' gj `je`vkrj si i

bklkernv gi bkcnen`ne vi`njeig% @{iebj gj di`k' di~ y{k kgnlneiv kj `je`vkrj% Krj k gj

y{k Dkhkg `vnrnì%

@je krk lrjbj k bkmi bk gibj gj en`j `nkercnìlkerk kke`nig= ke `{ierj ig

`jerkenbj Qgj y{k k bkmi bk gibj k\' gi ek`knbib bk gi `ji ke ~ pjv lnli $%%%.%

Iy{ sigk bkrkekvk {e pj`j' pjvy{k k `jlpgnìbj rvib{`nv kri ktpvkne= pjv % Ke

kpijg' di~ sk`k ke y{k kg kernbj k `jlj `{iebj bk`nlj pjv lnlj' `jlj

`je`kervebjej ke gj y{k gk ìfk i ighj pjv jgj1 bk`nlj' pjv kmklpgj' &~i pjv

lnlj k rig `ji&' ~ ej nebkpkebn}ilj bk { vkgi`njek `je jrvi `ji% ^ di~ jrvj`jerktrj ke y{k' pivi biv gi nbki bk gj y{k y{nkvk bk`nv Dkhkg' `jeskebvi ej {iv pjv

nej pivi % K l' ~j `vkj y{k gi li~jvi bk gi sk`k di~ y{k rvib{`nv pivi ' pjvy{k

Dkhkg {kgk ìgncnìv `je gi cvl{gi bkg pivi iy{kg ljlkerj bkg bneilnlj bk gj

{enskvig bjebk gj {enskvig' ipivk`nkebj' ipivk`k pivi lnlj% @{iebj ~j lk klpnk}j i

lnviv ke kg kpkmj' k pivi l' y{k lk krj~ di`nkebj ipivk`kv% Gj y{k ~j j~ ke k gj

y{k pvj~k`rj ke gi nlihke' ~ gi nlihke' ig kv {ei igrkvnbib y{k j~ ~j' k ,bn`di nlihke,


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kg ljbj pjv kg `{ig ~j lk pvkkerj pivi l lnlj' i `jlj lk krj~ pvkkeriebj% Gj y{k

{`kbk k y{k ke igkle' ke ilfj ìj ,pjv ~ pivi , kcv n`d% Gj y{k gi `ji k ke

pjrke`ni ~ kg i`rj bk vkign}iv ki pjrke`ni k kg `je`kprj ke ~ pivi % Gi vkign}i`ne bk ki

pjrke`ni kerje`k je gi cnh{vi bkg pivi ' bkg ljbj ke y{k si ipivk`nkebj gj {enskvig

pivi lnlj% Idjvi fnke' di~ sk`k ke y{k y{n} `{pnkvi rvib{`nvcv n`d `jlj pjv % E

n krk k kg ìj% Iy{' ke ln jpnene' Dkhkg kr ig{bnkebj i gi vkgi`ne nervekì kervk

gi bj bnlkenjek bk gj vi`njeig' y{k je kg ke ~ kg pivi % Ej di~ {e {enskvig

vi`njeig ke ~' ipivrk' pivrn`{givnbibk y{k p{kbke j ej kriv bk i`{kvbj `je kk ke '

nej y{k ki pivrn`{givnbibk je kg pivi bk gj ke 1 kg ipivk`kv pivi lnlj bk gj ke

% _jv kj rnkebj i pkeiv y{k ke krk g{hiv difvi nbj l `jvvk`rj rvib{`nv= gi ek`knbibbk gi `ji ke ~ pivi lnli% _kvj gi skvbib k y{k ej ifvi y{ bk`nvgk% F{y{klj jrvj

kmklpgj= kg 66' m{rilkerk' `jlnke}i i=

Gi sjg{erib ktnrkerk ke ~ pjv k skvbibkvilkerk necnenri%

^ si~ilj i gi Jfkvsi`ne=

_jv kj `{iebj k difgi bk gi sjg{erib gnfvk `jlj rig' ne bkrkvlneiv y{k k rviri bk

gi sjg{erib gnfvk ke ~ pivi $%%%.

_jv y{ kri b{ignbib ke gi rvib{``ne: Gj y{k k necnenrj k gnfvk1 ~ gi sjg{erib k

i{rernìlkerk necnenri pjvy{k gj cnenrj k kggi lnli y{k k cnenrn}i1 ki k { necnenr{b= gj

y{k pivk`k gnlnrivgi' ej gi gnlnri pjvy{k k kggi lnli ipivk`nkebj `jlj gj jrvj bk

lnli% Gj snlj vpnbilkerk ig difgiv bk cnenr{b k necnenr{b ke gi @nke`ni bk gi ghnì= kg

kerkebnlnkerj bn`k y{k gj necnenrj k gj y{k kr l igg bk gj cnenrj% Dkhkg ke ìlfnj

jrnkek= gj y{k kr l igg bk gj cnenrj ej p{kbk kv necnenrj nej cnenrj' pjvy{k rnkek ighj

y{k g ej k% Ej p{kbk kv necnenrj gj y{k rnkek ic{kvi bk i gj cnenrj% Pn ~j bnhj= necnenrj k

rjbj gj y{k ej k kri `gik' rjbj kg vkrj bkg {enskvj lkej kri `gik' kk necnenrj ej k

rig' pjvy{k kri `gik y{kbi ic{kvi%Ig{lej= Gi `gik gj kr gnlnriebj%

_vjckjv= @givj% ^ i`' ke kg rktrj' k gj lnlj' ~ ne klfivhj kg rvib{`rjv {i bj

cvl{gi bnskvi ke ìrkggiej% Ke kg `{kvpj bkg pivhvicj kgnhk pjv ,~ iy{ y{k ~j ej

d{fnkvi b{bibj ke pjekv pivi ,' ~ ke gi Jfkvsi`ne' `{iebj difgi bk gi sjg{erib' ej

necnenri nej gnfvk bn`k ke ~ pivi % _jv y{ ej vkpnrn pjv :


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Fnke% Sjgsklj ig 6% Gj kke`nig ke gi `nke`ni k kerje`k ljrviv gi ek`knbib bk gi

`ji% Krj k' `lj ek`kivnilkerk k i{rj,pvjb{`k ke cnh{vi bkrkvlneibi' y{k je gi

bnrneri ìrkhjvi' nernr{`njek' kr`%' y{k Dkhkg si i nv pvkkeriebj g{khj%

Kg rktrj nh{k i= rvi vkckvnvk i gj y{k en`j `nkercnìlkerk kke`nig ke `{ierj ig

`jerkenbj' gi ek`knbib bk gi `ji ke ~ pivi lnli' k vkcnkvk i gj en`j `nkercnìlkerk

kke`nig ke `{ierj i gi cjvli' k bk`nv' ig ghj y{k pvknbk kg bk`{vj ktpjnrnsj= ~ krj k

kg `je`kprj lnlj%

Ke kg `jej`nlnkerj cngjcn`j' gi ek`knbib bk {e `je`kprj k gj pvne`npig' ~ kg ìlnej

y{k k pvkkeri `jlj vk{gribj bk {e bkskenv `jernr{~k { bkljrvi`ne ~ bkb{``ne%

Kg ìlnej k kg y{k nh{k kg `je`kprj%Ke kg 0' ipivk`k gi `{krne bkg bkvk`dj pjnrnsj% _jvy{k' `givj' kg bkvk`dj rnkek gi

nh{nkerk pk`{gnivnbib= `jvvkvi hvisk pkgnhvj bk pkvbkv rjbj kernbj n ìvk`nkvi bk kcnì`ni'

bk ipgnì`ne ke gi vkignbib%

Rig sk}' vkpk`rj bk gi ljvig' ej ki ne`jvvk`rj bk`nv y{k' ig lkej pivi Aier' kg

ne`{lpgnlnkerj kck`rnsj' `je`vkrj bk gi ktnhke`ni ljvig ej bkfngnri gi jgnbk} vi`njeig bk gi

ktnhke`ni ljvig lnli% _jbv {`kbkv y{k eibnk jfvk ke `jecjvlnbib ig nlpkvirnsj

ìrkhvn`j ,ej di~ eibi bk `jervibn`rjvnj ke krj,1 pkvj gi jgnbk} vi`njeig bk gi

ivh{lkeri`ne y{k vkpigbi' y{k gkhnrnli kg nlpkvirnsj ìrkhvn`j' pivi Aier' k bk dnkvvj1

ej k sk ick`ribi%

Idjvi fnke' ke kg bkvk`dj' krk rnpj bk vi}jeilnkerj ej rnkek sigjv% _jvy{k {e bkvk`dj

y{k y{kbivi ifjg{rilkerk bnsjv`nibj bk gi vkignbib ke gi `{ig bkfk `{lpgnv { c{e`ne

m{vbnì' y{ bkvk`dj k: [e bkvk`dj y{k eibnk vkpkri' y{ k: K l' kg bkvk`dj rnkek

kernbj pivi kg kv d{liej bk i`{kvbj `je gj nh{nkerk% Nlihneljej y{k kg Bkvk`dj k

{e kjv `je fivfi ~ l{~ g`nbj= ke gi lkbnbi ke y{k kg Bkvk`dj `jenkerk ke y{k gj kvk

d{liej p{kbke pjekvgj i g' Bkvk`dj' snkmj }jvvj' ke gi lnli nr{i`ne ke y{k gi die p{krj i { ilierk' gi Ljvig' i y{nke ej vkpkri eibnk' kerje`k kg Bkvk`dj rnkek {ei

rvilpi y{k gi Ljvig ej rnkek= gi c{kv}i% Gj y{k gi Ljvig ej p{kbk bk`nv= &n ej lk vkpkr'

rk bj~ {e ì`dkri}j&' gj p{kbk bk`nv kg Bkvk`dj%

_{kbk kv rilfne y{k' pkk i kj' ej ki vkpkribj1 pkvj gi {enskvign}i`ne bk gi cigri

bk vkpkrj ig bkvk`dj' ke ln jpnene' pjek ke `vnn ig bkvk`dj lnlj% ^ krj khe Aier


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rilfne' i pkiv bk y{k gj vkb{`k i {ei {kvrk bk pi{ri vi`njeig sihi ej l{~ bnlng i gj

Bnk} Liebilnkerj' pjv kmklpgj1 lnkervi y{k ej bkfngnrivi gi jgnbk} bk gi ljvig%

Fnke% Sjgsnkebj i Dkhkg' kg bkvk`dj ke { vi`njeignbib ggksi `jenhj' `jlj rjbj gj

i{rernìlkerk {enskvig' gi ktnrke`ni% ^ gi ktnrke`ni bk gi nbki bkg bkvk`dj k kg bkvk`dj

pjnrnsj%

Gj y{k rkeklj y{k kr{bniv' gk~kebj krk gnfvj' k y{ rnpj bk `jeejri`ne `je`vkri

ggksi `jenhj gi nbki bk bkvk`dj% _jv kmklpgj' `jeggksi' `jlj { ktnrke`ni' y{k di~i {e

pivgilkerj% Ej difvi' pivi Dkhkg' jvbke m{vbn`j ne {e pivgilkerj% Kerje`k' kg bkvk`dj

ktnrk `jlj pivgilkerj%

Idjvi fnke' krk pivgilkerj k {ei nernr{`ne ktnrkerk% ^ `jlj rig' rnkek {e kh{ebjenskg bk ktnhke`ni' sne`{gibj `je kg bkvk`dj pjnrnsj% _jv kmklpgj' kg pivgilkerj kriv

`jlp{krj pjv rig elkvj bk bnp{ribj' ke c{e`ne bk rig elkvj bk `n{bibiej% I

rilfne gi `livi bkfkve kriv `jlp{kri bk bkrkvlneibi liekvi' kr`% I silj

fimiebj ig bkvk`dj pjnrnsj% _kvj gi `nke`ni cngjcnì ej k j`{pi bk krj grnlj% Ej k gj

lnlj kg pivgilkerj nehg y{k kg igkle j `{igy{nkv jrvj' pjvy{k id nerkvsnkek gj

pivrn`{giv' ~i i enskg l `je`vkrj% Gi `nke`ni cngjcnì k j`{pi bk gi ivrn`{gi`ne kervk kg

ke bkg bkvk`dj ~ kg pivi bkg bkvk`dj% ^ kg pivi ~i `jeggksi ivvinhj ke gj ktnrkerk% Kg

pij nh{nkerk bk krk keìveivk ke gj ktnrkerk k ljrviv bk y{ liekvi ki ktnrke`ni

pivrn`{giv ke gi `{ig k kr vkign}iebj gi nbki bk bkvk`dj `je kri nernr{`njek livì i

ki nernr{`njek' y{k je kg ktnrnv bkg bkvk`dj' `je ejri gnhibi i gi `jebn`njek

`nv`{erie`nigk' dnrvnì l pivrn`{givk' kr`%

_jv kj Dkhkg bn`k' ig `jlnke}j bkg 0= Kg bkvk`dj k pjnrnsj i. pjv { cjvli%

K gi gkhignbib% Bkvk`dj pjnrnsj k iy{kg y{k vk{gri pvjb{`nbj pjv gi nernr{`njek

y{k {ei `jernr{`ne bkrkvlnei y{k je gi pvjb{`rjvi bk bkvk`dj% _jv kmklpgj' e{krvi

@jernr{`ne bkrkvlnei y{k pvjb{`rjv bk gk~ k kg _jbkv Gkhngirnsj% Kerje`k' kg bkvk`djpjnrnsj k kg pvjb{`nbj pjv kg _jbkv Gkhngirnsj% î ej Ej liriv' nej gi gk~k y{k

bkrkvlneie y{ y{nkvk bk`nv liriv ~ y{ ej%

f. khe { `jerkenbj%

Gi livì bk `jerkenbj y{k rnkek kg bkvk`dj pjnrnsj vkpjebke i rvk bnlkenjek% Gi

pvnlkvi k ' gi bk gj vihj `je`vkrj bkg p{kfgj' bk gi nr{i`ne ke gi `{ig k kr

vkign}iebj gi nbki bk bkvk`dj% Gi kh{ebi' ' k y{k kk bkvk`dj pjnrnsj bkfk kv {e


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eh{gj vk`rj% Rjlivje kg kpi`nj' y{k k pjgrn`j' `jlj n c{kvi lirklrn`j% Ke ìlfnj'

gj y{k jrnkek Dkhkg k y{k gi `jernr{`ne rnkek y{k gkkv pjgrnìlkerk kg kpi`nj%

Ke `{ierj ig kh{ebj p{erj' sklj ipivk`kv {ei bnlkene bk gj dnrvn`j ke y{k ej

k nervekìlkerk cngjcnì= `lj die nbj ipivk`nkebj ke kg rnklpj gi nernr{`njek

pvjpni bk gj bnrnerj nrkli ejvlirnsj pjnrnsj% Idjvi fnke' gj y{k Dkhkg ej bn`k

iy{ ,krilj ke kg rkv`kv pvvicj bk gi Jfkvsi`ne, k y{k gj nlpjvrierk' i{e `{iebj kri

ktpjn`ne bk gj dnrvn`j ej ki cngjcnì ke kernbj krvn`rj' nklpvk kr h{nibj pjv {e

dngj `jeb{`rjv cngjcn`j% Dkhkg ej gj bn`k1 pkvj `nkvrilkerk ktpjekv gi `ji ig i}iv

lnviebj kg ìgkebivnj ej k di`kv dnrjvni' nej biv lkvi necjvli`njek= ke rig ij'

_vnlkvi M{eri1 ke rig jrvj' Bnvk`rjvnj1 ke rig jrvj' _vknbke`ni% Krj ej k dnrjvni' nej {einlpgk `vjejgjhi%

Kerje`k' i{ey{k kri bnlkene rkehi y{k skv `je `nkvri i`rnsnbib bkg dnrjvnibjv' ne

{e dngj `jeb{`rjv `je`kpr{ig ej pvjb{`nvi eibi% Gj y{k pii k y{k iy{ gj y{k l gk

nlpjvri i Dkhkg i`ker{iv k y{k ej k `jec{ebi ,krk k kg pvjpnrj `kervig bk gi

Nervjb{``ne, kg bkivvjggj `je`kpr{ig `je kg bkivvjggj dnrvn`j% Bn`k Dkhkg=

Ej `jernr{~ke ne klfivhj ,kri `jenbkvi`njek dnrvnì, {ei `jenbkvi`ne

cngjcnì' bibj y{k kg bkivvjggj khe vi}jek dnrvnì ej k `jec{ebk `je kg bkivvjggj

khe kg je`kprj%

Krj k c{ebilkerig' pivi Dkhkg= gj pvnjvnrivnj ke { ipivk`kv dnrvn`j ej k gj

pvnjvnrivnj khe kg `je`kprj% L i{e= gj pvnjvnrivnj khe kg `je`kprj' ke snvr{b bk gi

ghnì lnli bkg `je`kprj' k gj grnlj y{k ipivk`k' pjvy{k i kg `je`kprj k

skvbibkvilkerk `je`kprj1 gj {enskvig k skvbibkvilkerk {enskvig pvk`nilkerk pjvy{k k

si biebj ktnrke`ni% ^ kg bivk ktnrke`ni {pjek y{k gj {enskvig k {enskvig pjvy{k

ne`g{~k { pvjpni ekhi`ne% ^ kg di`kvk jrvj' j ki' kg ekhivk' rnkek `jlj pvnlkv

vk{gribj ipivk`kv ke gi cjvli y{k l enkhi% Ke gi k`{ke`ni bk {`knsi ipivn`njek'ìbi {ei bk kggi k {ei ekhi`ne y{k bi `jlj vk{gribj {ei ipivnke`ni' {e ckelkej' {ei

cnh{vi' ìbi sk} l ibk`{ibi i gj y{k kg `je`kprj k ke ' pjvy{k ìbi sk} gk y{kbi

lkej pjv ekhiv%

Gj {enskvig k skvbibkvj pjvy{k ne`g{~k gj jrvj' krj k' k g ~ { pvjpni ekhi`ne= kg

kv k kv ~ eibi% I' kg dk`dj bk y{k kg kv ne`g{~i ig ej kv y{nkvk bk`nv kriv

nl{grekilkerk jìsibj ~ icnvlibj ke kg ej kv% Kg kv bkg ej kv k ekhiv ig kv% Ekhiv


10/32

ig kv y{nkvk bk`nv y{k kg kv' ig i{rj,ekhivk' ipivk`k `jlj ej bk 1 gj {enskvig ipivk`k

`jlj pivrn`{giv% Gi pvnlkvi cnh{vi pivrn`{giv k' kerje`k' gi l gkmiei i gj {enskvig% Kg

pvnlkv ipivk`kv bk gi nbki k `jlj pnkbvi% _kvj ~i' `{iebj ggkhilj i gj ienligk' gi

ekhirnsnbib y{k vkpvkkeri gi ienlignbib vkpk`rj bkg `je`kprj k l{`dj lkejv y{k gi bk

gi pnkbvi vkpk`rj bkg `je`kprj%

Ig{lej= Kg ienlig k l {rng%

_vjckjv= Kg ienlig ~i k lkbni`ne' pvj`kj% ^ ggkhi {e ljlkerj ke y{k ipivk`k {e

ienlig vi`njeig' bjebk gi ekhi`ne ~i `jlnke}i i y{kbiv ek{rvign}ibi pjv gi ekhi`ne bk gi

ekhi`ne% I klpnk}i i ipivk`kv kg kpvnr{%

Gi `gisk kerje`k kr ke y{k gj pvnlkvj khe kg `je`kprj k gj grnlj y{k ipivk`k% Kevkignbib' kr ipivk`nkebj nklpvk' pkvj k vkskgi pgkeilkerk ig cneig% _jv kj ,nklpvk

khe Dkhkg, gj y{k snkek ierk' gkmj bk `jebn`njeiv i gj y{k snkek bkp{' kr

`jebn`njeibj pjv gj y{k snkek bkp{% Gi dnrjvni k rkgkjgjhi' ej ì{ignlj% Krj k

c{ebilkerig' pivi Dkhkg% Kg `je`kprj si &{``njeiebj& bkbk gj y{k cigri i gj y{k ~i di

ipivk`nbj% Rjbj si di`ni% ^ kri lkri k gi y{k bi kernbj i rjbj%

I k `jlj ,krk k kg p{erj c{ebilkerig' y{k iy{ kr r`nrj, gi j`nkbib `nsng ~ kg

lkvìbj ipivk`ke ierk y{k kg Kribj1 pkvj ke kg Kribj kr gi skvbib bk gi j`nkbib `nsng

~ kg lkvìbj% Lnkervi y{k' ke ìlfnj' bkbk kg ljbj bk pvj`kbkv bkg kerkebnlnkerj' gj

pvnlkvj k kg lkvìbj pjvy{k kg kv d{liej k {e ~j y{k pvjb{`k k nerkvìlfni% Bkp{'

ì{ibj pjv krk kv y{k pvjb{`k k nerkvìlfni' ipivk`k kg Kribj' y{k k kg pvjrk`rjv bk

{ i`rnsnbibk' k bk`nv' {e Kribj c{e`njeign}ibj i gi i`rnsnbibk bkg ~j y{k pvjb{`k%

Dkhkg ek`knri ljrviv y{k rjbj k ig vks% Pk gk m{khi gi snbi' pivi ljrviv gi

{pkvnjvnbib bk gi pjgrnì cvkerk i gi k`jejli' ke ljrviv y{k gi skvbib bk gi `ji kr ke

y{k gi k`{ke`ni ckejlkejghnì ej `jne`nbi `je gi vi`njeignbib `je`kpr{ig% Gi k`{ke`ni

bkg pivi kr h{nibi pjv kg ke ' pjvy{k k kg ljbj ke y{k gj skvbibkvj si nkebj ke ~pivi % Lnkervi y{k kg {mkrj bkg kerkebnlnkerj pjek kg ke pjv igg' kg pivi pjv i`' ~

g k kvnhk ke vfnrvj bk `lj k sne`{gie {ej ~ jrvj%

_jv rjbj krj k l{~ nlpjvrierk gj y{k bn`k Dkhkg ke kri Jfkvsi`ne% _jv kmklpgj'

~i di~ bkvk`dj ke Vjli' pkvj e{lkvji nernr{`njek vjliei enkhie ig bkvk`dj% _kvj ig

lnlj rnklpj Dkhkg rnkek y{k vk`di}iv' bkbk { pjn`ne' gi ktpgnì`ne bk krj ke gi

cjvli bk= gj {mkrj bk ki pjì pvnlnrnsi kvie vi`njeigk pkvj ej rierj1 ke ìlfnj'


11/32

`{iebj ggkhie gi G{`k' gj djlfvk k bie `{keri bk krj bkciimk ~ gj `jvvnhke% Kri

ktpgnì`ne kvnhk ig {mkrj ke vfnrvj ifjg{rj= k kg y{k bk`nbk y{ kr fnke ~ y{ kr lig%

Diri krk ljlkerj bk gi Nervjb{``ne' Dkhkg k j`{p bk gi cngjjci bkbk kg p{erj bk

snri bk gi nlfnjn kervk lrjbj ~ `jerkenbj% Idjvi' `je kg 2' ipivk`k kg rkli bk gi

gnfkvrib1 gnfkvrib ke kg kernbj bkg necnenrj ljsnlnkerj bk i{rj,pjekvk bnig`rnìlkerk%

Bkbk kri pkvpk`rnsi' gi nbki i`rnsi k ggili sjg{erib% Kg {mkrj bkg bkvk`dj ,kerkebnkebj

pjv kggj kg i`rjv bkg vkign}ivk bk gi nbki bk bkvk`dj, k kg kpvnr{% _jvy{k en ke gi nbki

ghnì en ke gi eir{vigk}i di~ bkvk`dj% Kg bkvk`dj pkvrkek`k ig kpvnr{' ~ kg kpvnr{ `jlj

i`rjv bkg bkvk`dj k ggili sjg{erib%

Idjvi fnke' {e pjbvi pvkh{erivk pjv y{ gi Ckejlkejgjhi bkg kpvnr{ kerje`k ej kggili &Ckejlkejgjhi bk gi sjg{erib&= ~ k y{k di~ bnlkenjek bkg kpvnr{ y{k ej rnkeke

y{k skv `je kg bkvk`dj' ke kg kernbj bk `{g k gi i`rnsnbib bkg kpvnr{' pjv kmklpgj' gi

bnlkene hejkjghnì% Pn fnke k `nkvrj y{k rjbj k gi vi}e' {ei `ji k `jej`kv ~ jrvi

k i`r{iv' ke kg kernbj bk y{k je bj ljlkerj bk gi vi}e% _jv kj' ke kg 2 gkklj=

Kg rkvvkej bkg bkvk`dj k gj kpnvnr{ig $%%%. P{ p{erj bk pivrnbi k gi sjg{erib' y{k k

gnfvk $%%%.%

Bk`nv sjg{erib gnfvk k vkb{ebierk% Pje gj lnlj% Pnh{k {ei bkcnen`ne nlpjvrierk' ~

ibkl iy{ Dkhkg k ktrvklibilkerk `givj=

Kg nrkli bkg bkvk`dj k kg vknej bk gi gnfkvrib vkign}ibi' kg l{ebj bkg kpvnr{

Qvk`{kvbke bkg _vkci`nj= krk l{ebj k gi &`jvrk}i l{grn`jgjv&' k bk`nv' rjbi gi pg{vignbib

bk nernr{`njek m{vbnì' pjgrnì' kr`\ y{k k pvjb{`k i lnlj $%%%.%

J ki' k kg l{ebj bk {e rnpj bk i`rjv `{~j vihj ìvi`rkvrn`j k i{rj,pvjb{`nvk'

pvk`nilkerk' `jlj l{ebj% Kg l{ebj bkg kpvnr{ k kg kpvnr{ y{k k i{rj,pvjb{`k `jlj

l{ebj% Krk pvjb{`nvk i lnlj k {e igrkvn}ivk' di`kvk jrvj1 pkvj kri igrkvnbib k rig

y{k ej livì enehe bnsjv`nj ifjg{rj' j ki' ej di~ {e dnirj ifjg{rj kervk kg pvjb{`rjv ~kg pvjb{`rj pjvy{k ilfj je gj lnlj% Kerje`k' kg pvjb{`rj ipivk`k ,rkvlnei Dkhkg,

`jlj {ei kh{ebi eir{vigk}i% Iy{ gi vklnne k i Ivnrrkgk' pjvy{k gi kh{ebi

eir{vigk}i je gi `jr{lfvk' y{k ej je gi eir{vigk}i cnì pkvj y{k rnkeke {ei signbk}

iegjhi i gi bk gi ejvli cnì% Kg jg igk pjv kg Krk1 ke gi ìfk`kvi bk gi lki k nkeri

kg pibvk ,{ei k {ei gk~ cnì' gi jrvi k {ei `jr{lfvk' pkvj gi kh{ebi ej vk{gri bk= i


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skv' gksierke gi liej gj lnklfvj bk gi cilngni ~ sjrke n y{nkvke j ej y{k i gi ìfk`kvi

k nkerk kg pibvk% Ej= k {ei kh{ebi eir{vigk}i%

Si~ilj ig 9;9= Ke gi nbkernbib nlpgk `je gi vkignbib bk gj nebnsnb{j' gj rn`j

$%%%.%

Iy{ kg {mkrj k gj rn`j' gi krn`nbib' pjvy{k krilj ~i ig cneig bk gi Cngjjci bkg

bkvk`dj%

$%%%. ke `{ierj ljbj bk i`r{iv {enskvig bk gj lnlj' ipivk`k `jlj `jr{lfvk Qk

bk`nv' `jlj rdj\% Kg dfnrj bk gj rn`j k `jesnkvrk ke {ei kh{ebi eir{vigk}i y{k j`{pi

kg g{hiv bk gi pvnlkvi sjg{erib lkvilkerk eir{vig ~ k kg igli' kg nhencnìbj ~ gi kck`rnsi

vkignbib bk { ktnrke`ni%Gi skvbib bkg nebnsnb{j k kv pivrk bk gj y{k k% ^ gj y{k k ke gi bnlkene bkgj

kpnvnr{iglkerk m{vbn`j k `jr{lfvk% Gj y{k k di`k% Ej gj y{k kg {mkrj neskeri' nej gj

y{k k di`k% Idjvi fnke' y{ne k kg i`rjv bk kk k di`k= gi vi}e% Gj kvk d{liej

ipivk`ke `jlj gi jìne pivi gi vkign}i`ne bkg kpvnr{%

Sjgsilj ig 2% Gj y{k iy{ Dkhkg kr ljrviebj k y{k kg kpvnr{ `jlj sjg{erib ej

k {ei i`rnsnbib ivfnrvivni bk {e nebnsnb{j `kvvibj jfvk lnlj' y{k si `jerv{~kebj gi

pg{vignbib khe { pvjpnj ivfnrvnj' nej y{k nklpvk k gi liekvi ke y{k gj vi`njeig k bi

ktnrke`ni1 ~ gj di`k bk {ei cjvli pg{vig' `jgk`rnsi% _jv kj' ke kg _vkci`nj ~ ke gi

Jfkvsi`ne ig 9;?' `jlj gklj gi sk} piibi' Dkhkg bn`k y{k' ierk gi pvkh{eri pjv y{

bkfj di`kv' gi vkp{kri k ki= gj y{k k di`k' gi `jr{lfvk%

Kri `jr{lfvk' bkbk gi pkvpk`rnsi bk gi ckejlkejgjhi bkg kpvnr{' sie

ipivk`nkebj dnrvnìlkerk bk liekvi bkrkvlneibi1 ~ bkbk gi pkvpk`rnsi bk gi nbki bk

bkvk`dj' kri `jr{lfvk ipivk`ke ke rvk hviebk bnlkenjek `jgk`rnsi= gi cilngni' gi

j`nkbib `nsng ~ kg Kribj% Ke gi kh{ebi bk kggi' ~ ke {ej bk { ljlkerj' ej ke rjbi gi

j`nkbib `nsng' kri bnlkene ipivk`k ke gi cjvli bk ltnli ekhi`ne= `jlj khjlj bknebnsnb{j% _kvj k i pjvy{k cjvli pivrk bk gi ek`knbib bk krk pvj`kj bk ipivk`kv

vi`njeig bkg kpvnr{ kg ipivk`kv ke gi cjvli bk ltnli ekhirnsnbib%

Idjvi fnke' `je rjbj krj Dkhkg gk kr kvv{`diebj gi fik bk {rkeri`ne ig hkrj bkg

pjbkv `jernr{~kerk ljbkvej bk gj ~jk ng{rvibj' y{k bn`ke= ejjrvj' y{k krilj

k`givk`nbj' m{erljej ~ dihilj {ei `jernr{`ne' y{k kv gi `jernr{`ne m{ri pjvy{k

ifklj ke y{ `jenrk gi m{rn`ni% Dkhkg bn`k y{k krj kr{sj fnke' pkvj ~i `{lpgn {


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Ig{lej= Kr rjbj kg pvj`kj bk k`{givn}i`ne i`r{iebj pjv bkfimj%

_vjckjv= @givj' kti`rilkerk% _jv kj ~j bnhj y{k pivi kerkebkv cngjjci pjgrnì di~

y{k kr{bniv rkjgjhi ~ lkricnì% _kvj gj bnhj ke kvnj% Ibkl' lk pivk`ke gj rkli

gnebj ~ `kervigk pjvy{k di`ke ig c{ebilkerj y{k kr ke m{khj% I{e pivi bk`nv y{k ~i

rjbj kj bkipivk`n% Y{n} ' y{n} ej= pkvj i{e pivi jrkekv y{k bkipivk`n di~ y{k

kerkebkvgj ke { lkènì%

Kg Ihvkhibj ig 2 k l{~ nlpjvrierk% Pk sk y{k Dkhkg gk bifi' ke gi `gik' pivrn`{giv

vkgksie`ni i kri `{krne' j fnke kg kbnrjv k bnj `{keri ,Dn` Vdjb{, bk y{k `jeskei

ipvjsk`div gj `{ibkvej bk ip{erk ig vkpk`rj%

^j gk bkì y{k sjg{erib ~ gnfkvrib je ke vkignbib bj ljbj bk bk`nv gj lnlj% Bn`kDkhkg=

Sjg{erib ne gnfkvrib k {ei pigifvi siì' ~ i { sk} gi gnfkvrib gj k vkig Qk bk`nv'

ej k {ei ifrvi``ne\ `jlj sjg{erib' `jlj {mkrj Q{mkrj i`r{ierk\% $%%%. Gi bnckvke`ni

kervk pkeilnkerj ~ sjg{erib k gi y{k ktnrk kervk kg `jlpjvrilnkerj rkvn`j ~ kg pv`rn`j'

pkvj kggj ej je bj ci`{gribk' nej y{k gi sjg{erib k {e ljbj pivrn`{giv bkg

pkeilnkerj= kg pkeilnkerj ke `{ierj k rvib{`k ke gi ktnrke`ni' ke `{ierj nlp{gj bk

bivk gi ktnrke`ni%

J ki' k kg ljrjv% Iy{' gi `jerne{nbib `je Cn`drk ~ Aier k ksnbkerk% Gj y{k di`k y{k

kg {mkrj ki {mkrj' gj y{k gj pjek ke liv`di' gj y{k gj ggksi i pvjb{`nv { bkbjfgilnkerj

j i{rj`je`nke`ni' k {ei c{kv}i' {ei i`rnsnbib% ^ { ejlfvk k sjg{erib%

K `jlj n bnmvilj= gi pvklni bkg ~j pnkej k ~j y{nkvj pkeiv% _jvy{k gj i kg

{mkrj k gnfvk% Ke Aier' `givilkerk ke gi @vrnì bk gi vi}e pv`rnì' kri gnfkvrib bkg

{mkrj k gi v{pr{vi bk rjbj ì{ignlj% Ej k p{kbk bk`nv= jlj gnfvk pjv rig `ji% Gi

ljbkvenbib k bkcnek `jlj rig pjvy{k k inkeri ke gi ghnì bk gi ì{i {n' y{k eibnk

pjei ke bn`{ne `{iebj k gi irvnf{i i Bnj' pvk`nilkerk pjvy{k Bnj k bkcnei' kervkjrvi `ji pjv kv ì{i {n' j ki' gj {pvklj= ej kv kck`rj bk eibi%

Idjvi fnke' gi k`{givn}i`ne bk krj `jeggksi y{k idjvi kg ~j ki ì{i {n% ^ pivi

pjbkv kvgj' rnkek y{k icnvlivk i pivrnv bk gi pvnliì bk gi vi}e pv`rnì% Kg ~j rnkek y{k

kv i{rj,pvjb{`rjv' rnkek y{k kv g gi ì{i bk lnlj% ^ krj k pjnfgk i pivrnv bk ki

i`rnsnbib y{k k ggili sjg{erib%

Ig{lej= ^ k ne`jebn`njeibi= kr ic{kvi bk gi geki ì{ig bkg kerkebnlnkerj%


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_vjckjv= Ifjg{rilkerk% _jv kj ke gi @vrnì bk gi vi}e pv`rnì difgi Aier bk {ei

ì{ignbib pjv gi gnfkvrib%

Ig{lej= ^ ne sjg{erib ej di~ pjgrnì%

_vjckjv= @givj% Pne sjg{erib' gj y{k di~ k iblnenrvi`ne `jecjvlk i vi`njeignbib

nerv{lkerig' ~ vkpvkne bk rjbj gj y{k ej k jlkri i kri vi`njeignbib nerv{lkerig% J

ki' ne sjg{erib' gj y{k di~ k nrkli' y{k c{e`njei fnke j c{e`njei lig khe gj

keìvhibj bk ljskv gj kehvieimk bkg nrkli% ^ ej di~ enehe ljlkerj bk `jlnke}j

ifjg{rj' nej bnc{e`njek% Kerje`k' kg nrkli l ibk`{ibj k iy{kg y{k k sigk bk gi

bnc{e`njek pivi kh{nv ibkgierk% _kvj ke enehe ljlkerj kervi ke `vnn vibnìg%

Skie kri jrvi cvik bkg Ihvkhibj=^j k `jlpgkrilkerk si`j' p{er{ig' nlpgk' pkvj i`rnsj ke ki nlpgn`nbib%

Kg `je`kprj bk ~j k kg bk {e ~j y{k k pvjb{`k `jlj ~j' j ki' `jlj ej ~j% _jvy{k gi

i{rj`je`nke`ni k' m{rilkerk' kg pvjb{`nvk i lnlj `jlj jrvj bk lnlj% Pn ~j j~

`je`nkerk bk l lnlj k pjvy{k lk skj `jlj jfmkrj' pkvj j~ ~j' ~ kerje`k ej j~ {e

jfmkrj' j j~ ~j `jlj jfmkrj%

Krj y{k' `jlj nbki' gj snlj ke gi cjvli bk kv,eibi' eibi,kv' ~ y{k ke { p{vk}i

ghnì k bkskenv' ke { skvbib pgkei' j ki `jlj kpvnr{' k sjg{erib% K pjv krj'

rilfne' y{k gi &`jgk`rjvi& bk gi i{rjpnri dkhkgniei ggksi i gi cngjjci bk gi sjg{erib%

Ke gj grnlj y{ne`k j sknerk vkehgjek bkg Ihvkhibj' bn`k=

$%%%. gj y{k ~j dk dk`dj' `jerv{nbj' ggksi gi d{kggi bk ln kpvnr{% Kri k p{k gi

bnckvke`ni kervk kg `jlpjvrilnkerj rkvn`j ~ pv`rn`j $%%%.% Gj rkvn`j kr kke`niglkerk

ne`g{nbj ke gj pv`rn`j% Krj k bnvnhk `jervi gi vkpvkkeri`ne bk y{k ilfj kre

kpivibj' p{k ej k p{kbk rkekv sjg{erib ne nerkgnhke`ni% Neskvilkerk' gi sjg{erib

`jernkek ke gj rkvn`j1 gi sjg{erib k bkrkvlnei ~ kri bkrkvlnei`ne k ke pvnlkv g{hiv

ighj nerkvej= gj y{k y{nkvj lk gj vkpvkkerj' k jfmkrj pivi l%

Kg i`rj bk sjg{erib pjv kt`kgke`ni k y{kvkvk i lnlj= i{rj,vkpvkkerivk' kv i{rj,

`je`nkerk% Ig ~j gj ggilj {enbib rvi`kebkerig bk gi ipkv`kp`ne' pkvj gi skvbib k kg

kpvnr{% ^ kg kpvnr{ k sjg{erib y{k k y{nkvk' sjg{erib y{k k vkpvkkeri% ^ gi

vkpvkkeri`ne bkg kpvnr{ k gi dnrjvni% Kg kpvnr{ y{k k y{nkvk k pvkkerncnì ke gi cjvli

bk dnrjvni% J fnke' n ej irkeklj i y{ k sjg{erib pv`rnì' k pvkkerncnì ke gi cjvli


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bnckvke`ni% Kg ~j gnfvk y{k k `jenbkvi gnfvk' pvk`nilkerk pjvy{k eneh{ei bkrkvlnei`ne

gk ìfk' pjvy{k kr pjv ke`nli bk rjbi bkrkvlnei`ne% ^ Dkhkg' cmkek ke gi Jfkvsi`ne

bkg ;' ke kg kh{ebj pvvicj' `jlj ìvi`rkvn}i ke rvlnej dnrvn`j,cngjcn`j kri cnh{vi%

Ke kg kh{ebj pvvicj' i gi pjnfngnbib ifjg{ri' gi pneri d{bi ierk rjbj `jerkenbj `jlj

ierk {ei gnlnri`ne $%%%.% K kg ~j y{k k bkcnek gnfvk i pivrnv bk {ei nlpkvlkifngnbib

ifjg{ri' bk {ei p{vk}i ifjg{ri' ~ gi ggili' gi gnfkvrib ekhirnsi' y{k k gi gnfkvrib bkg

kerkebnlnkerj% [ej vpnbilkerk pnkei ke Aier' pkvj i rk gj vkkvsi pivi kg kh{ebj

ljlkerj% Pn fnke k `nkvrj y{k {ej pjbvi bk`nv y{k rilfne kg ~j ljvig aierniej rnkek

krk ljlkerj bk ifjg{rj cjvlignlj' i pivrnv bk gi ekhi`ne bk nbkerncnìvk lkbnierk gi

ekhi`ne bk rjbj pivrn`{givnlj' rjbi ljrnsi`ne pivrn`{giv% _kvj i Dkhkg i` gk nlpjvrilivìv kg `jvvkgirj dnrvn`j,pjgrn`j bk kri liekvi bk kerkebkv gi gnfkvrib% Kg ~j k gnfvk

jgilkerk ke gi lkbnbi ke y{k ki i{rernìlkerk p{vj ~ y{k enehe pivrn`{givnlj'

eneh{ei bnckvke`ni ick`rk { p{vk}i% Rilfne {ej pjbvi bk`nv y{k kg kmklpgj dnrvn`j

y{k bi Dkhkg i` pjbvi sigkv pivi kg kh{ebj ljlkerj bk gi bnig`rnì bk gi sjg{erib'

pkvj g gj rvik i `jgi`ne idjvi pjvy{k' cvkerk i gj y{k ~j bnhj y{k Aier pjbvi kerviv

iy{, gj y{k ej di~ ke Aier' k gi i`rnr{b y{k si i bkriìv Dkhkg kekh{nbi' i`rnr{b y{k g

si i ìvi`rkvn}iv `je kg rvlnej bkrv{``ne% ^ gj y{k di~ ke kg kmklpgj dnrvn`j y{k

kgnhk Dkhkg pivi skv `{g k kg `jvvkgirj kpnvnr{ig bk kri i`rnr{b' gj sk ìvi`rkvn}ibj pjv gi

i`rnsnbib bkrv{`rnsi' j ki' gi i`rnsnbib bkrv{`rnsi bk rjbj gj pivrn`{giv y{k k jpjek i gi

p{vk}i bkg ~j% ^ kg kmklpgj dnrvn`j k gi Vksjg{`ne Cvie`ki%

Ig{lej= Lk pivk`n ig{bnv l ig kernbj ekhirnsj bkg ~j gjàkiej%

_vjckjv= Kg ~j gjàkiej' lk pivk`k y{k kervi ke kg kh{ebj ljlkerj bk gi bnig`rnì

bk gi sjg{erib%

Ig{lej= ^ kg ìj bk Djffk:

_vjckjv= Ej' kg ìj bk Djffk ej lk pivk`k% ^j `vkj y{k vk`di}i kg kribj pjvy{k kgkribj k mkvivy{i' jvbke' pivrn`{givnlj% Iy{ k kg kribj dkhkgniej' `jlj nrkli

jvhen`j bk ivrn`{gi`njek ~ bnckvke`ni% Ke kk kernbj lk pivk`k y{k gj vk`di}i% Ke

Djffk ej di~ kri bkrv{``ne% _jv y{ pke ke Djffk:

Ig{lej= Ej bkbk kg p{erj bk snri bk gi j`nkbib `nsng' bkg jfkviej' nej bkbk kg

kribj bk eir{vig' gj pivrn`{giv%%%


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_vjckjv= _kvj id k {e ~j y{k y{nkvk gj ktrkvej% Kr l{~ ifnkvrj di`ni gj ktrkvej' pjv

kj di~ h{kvvi%

Ig{lej= _kvj rilfne Djffk gj bkcnek `jlj i{ke`ni bk jfr`{gj%

_vjckjv= Kr fnke' pkvj gi bkcnek `jlj {ei ktrkvnjvnbib' lnkervi y{k iy{ k bkcnenbi

`jlj `p{gi fgnebibi' bjebk ibkervj ej di~ eibi% _jv kj k ifjg{rilkerk gnfvk' pjvy{k

ej bkmi y{k kervk eibi% ^j gj rjlivi pjv kk gibj% Gi gnfkvrib bkg si`j%

Kerje`k' gi pvnlkvi ig{ne k ig cieirnlj dneb bk gi bnjg{`ne ke gi {enskvignbib

ne bnckvke`ni% _kvj kj ej gk pvkj`{pi i Dkhkg' ej k rie pkgnhvji% Gk pvkj`{pi gi

kh{ebi%

Rkv`kv pvvicj= $%%%. s{kgri di`ni gi vkignbib Q{mkrj k gi gnfkvrib bkg si`j' j~ gnfvkpjvy{k ej di~ eibi y{k lk gnlnrk' vk`di}j rjbi bkrkvlnei`ne pjvy{k rjbi bkrkvlnei`ne

k {ei ekhi`ne' ~ eibi lk enkhi\ k liencnkri ke kg cieirnlj y{k' rierj ke gj vkgnhnjj

`jlj ke gj pjgrn`j' k rvib{`k ke gi bkrv{``ne bk rjbj jvbke j`nig ktnrkerk ~ ke gi

ktp{gne bk rjbj nebnsnb{j jpk`djj bk pvkrkebkv {e jvbke' i `jlj ke gi ieny{ngi`ne

bk rjbj jvbke y{k y{nkvi vk{vhnv% QKe rvk vkehgjek' rvk sk`k gi pigifvi jvbke%\ Pgj

bkrv{~kebj ighj rnkek kri sjg{erib ekhirnsi kg kernlnkerj bk { ktnrke`ni% ^ nh{k `je

kri nbki bk y{k ek`knri ieny{ngiv%

Ke gi kh{ebi lnrib bkg Ihvkhibj' vkrjli gi si`{nbib bk kri cjvli bk sjg{erib y{k k

`vkk gnfvk pjvy{k k eibi' gi ggili $%%%. nlpgk nbkernbib `jenhj lnlj $%%%.' $%%%.

lierkekvk ke kg kpi`nj si`j bk gi nerkvnjvnbib $%%%.' $%%%. vke{e`niv i rjbi i`rnsnbib bk

gi snbi' i rjbj cne' i rjbi vkpvkkeri`ne$%%%. % ^ kerje`k s{kgsk kg kmklpgj dnrvn`j l

`kv`iej%

Bk {e ljbj l `je`vkrj' ipivk`k kri cjvli ke kg cieirnlj i`rnsj bk gi snbi

pjgrn`i ~ vkgnhnji% I kggi `jvvkpjebk pjv kmklpgj kg pkvjbj bk rkvvjv bk gi Vksjg{`ne

Cvie`ki' ke kg y{k k bkfi kgnlneiv rjbi bnckvke`ni fiibi ke kg rigkerj j gi i{rjvnbib% QEj pjbi jpjvriv gi pivrn`{givnbib' gny{nbifi rjbi gi bnckvke`ni% Gi h{ibii `jvri rjbj

gj y{k jfvkigk%\ _jv kj kg p{kfgj bkrv{~ ke gi Vksjg{`ne gi nernr{`njek y{k g

lnlj difi neri{vibj' pjvy{k pivi gi `je`nke`ni Qn`\ ifrvi`ri rjbi nernr{`ne k

`jervivni i gi nh{igbib%

Ggksi' kri liekvi bk kerkebkv gi gnfkvrib' i nlpjekv gi nh{igbib ke gi cjvli bk jlj

nh{igk pjvy{k di bkipivk`nbj rjbj pivrn`{givnlj%


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Ig{lej= [rkb bnmj `je`nke`ni' pkvj k gkk i{rj`je`nke`ni%%%

_vjckjv= Ke vkignbib k gj lnlj' pjvy{k gi `je`nke`ni k i{rj`je`nke`ni' ~ kr

`jerierklkerk f{ìebj y{k {ei bnckvke`ni pivrn`{givn`k% Kg ~j k ifjg{rilkerk p{vj

`{iebj' di`nebjk i lnlj' jfmkrj bk lnlj' k rie p{vj kg ~j,jfmkrj `jlj kg ~j,

{mkrj% ^ bjebk sk {e kgklkerj bk jvbke' gj gny{nbi% Krk k kg pkgnhvj y{k Dkhkg sk

`{iebj 0? ij bkp{ k nh{k pkeiebj ke rvlnej iegjhj i gj y{k r{sj { kernbj

dnrvn`j' kpnvnr{ig' ierk' pjvy{k ~i difi `{lpgnbj { c{e`ne dnrvnì bk kgksiv gi

`je`nke`ni ~ gi gnfkvrib i ljrjv% Ggksiv i `je`nke`ni gi gnfkvrib% _kvj kj k dn}j bk {ei

cjvli y{k r{sj krk vk{gribj% î kr' ki cnh{vi bkg kpvnr{ k ihjr ke kg rkvvjv%

Kerje`k' c{k kg grnlj pij ierk bk gi gnfkvrib `jlj {enskvignbib% Kg kpvnr{ ~i ej klkvi `je`nke`ni' nej y{k k gj {enskvig i`rnsj y{k k vkign}i nernr{`njeiglkerk ke {ei

kvnk bk cnh{vi nernr{`njeigk y{k je pvk`nilkerk gi y{k `jernr{~ke ki kh{ebi

eir{vigk}i y{k k gi krn`nbib%

Kerje`k' gi rvie`vnp`ne pv`rnì' `je`vkri' bk kri snne bkg ~j gnfvk `jlj p{vk}i

ifjg{ri' kt`g{ne bk rjbi bnckvke`ni' k `jlj n k ipgnìvi ig ~j kg pgirjenlj pjgrn`j

y{k Dkhkg ~i di {pkvibj% Kg ~j ej bkfk rkekv eibi pvjpnj' eneh{ei bnckvke`ni' enehe

pivrn`{givnlj% Ihjribj krk ljlkerj' silj i skv bkp{' gj y{k pvjpjek Dkhkg% Idjvi'

gi sjg{erib ej gj k krifngnbib `kvvibi jfvk lnli' nej y{k ke `jecjvlnbib i {

bneilnlj' kv gnfvk k pvjb{`nv,k i lnlj' `vkiv,k' biv,k ktnrke`ni' bkrkvlneiv,k%

K ne{cn`nkerk gnfkvrib' ~ pkgnhvji gnfkvrib' gi gnfkvrib bkg ingilnkerj ifjg{rj% Pkv gnfvk

k i`r{iv gnfvklkerk%

3. g ~j k nh{iglkerk kg rvenrj bk gi nebkrkvlnei`ne nebnckvke`nibi Qkg pvnlkvj

ljlkerj\ i gi bnckvke`ni`ne' ig bkrkvlneiv ~ pjekv {ei bkrkvlnei`ne ke gi cjvli bk {e

`jerkenbj ~ {e jfmkrj% Cmkek' gj ggili $%%%. kg ljlkerj ifjg{rj bk gi cnenr{b j

pivrn`{givn}i`ne bkg ~j%

Kg ~j necnenrj' rilfne k gnfvk' ej gj pjvy{k k si`j' pjvy{k k cnenrn}i' k ifvk i gj

jrvj' pkvj gj di`k bk liekvi rig y{k kj jrvj ej k nej g lnlj `jlj jrvj% Kerje`k' kg

kernbj y{k rnkek k' y{k ej kvi i{rernìlkerk {enskvig gi sjg{erib' n k y{kbivi ke gi

cnh{vi bk gi {enbib ne bnckvke`ni% Rnkek y{k ne`g{nv rilfne gi bnckvke`ni1 pkvj pivi ne`g{nv

gi bnckvke`ni ne y{k gi bnckvke`ni bkrv{~i' ne y{k kg pivrn`{givnlj ie{gk gi {enskvignbib'

ki bnckvke`ni' kk pivrn`{givnlj' kk bkrkvlneiv,k' bnckvke`niv,k' cnenrn}iv,k' k {ei


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i`rnsnbib bk vkign}i`ne bkg ~j lnlj% Kg ~j lnlj k vkign}i ig i{rj,pvjb{`nvk `jlj jrvj

bk lnlj%

Ke kg kh{ebj pvvicj bk gi Jfkvsi`ne' bkcnek i krk ljsnlnkerj `jlj {e pjekv gj

y{k kg pvnlkv ljlkerj kg bk ~i k ke % Kg pvnlkv ljlkerj k `jlj {ei p{vi

pjrke`nignbib necnenri y{k ej k i`r{ign}i' pjvy{k rnkek lnkbj i i`r{ign}ivk% Kg kh{ebj

ljlkerj k kg i`r{ign}ivk bk kri pjrke`nignbib necnenri% ^ iy{ ipivk`ke Cn`drk ~ Aier' ~

~j `vkj y{k iy{ pjbvilj pjekv i Gjàk% Pgj y{k' ke gi lkbnbi ke y{k kri sjg{erib k

{ei sjg{erib ~jnì bkg ~j, k `jlj kerkebnlnkerj pv`rn`j ~ ej `jlj vi}e pv`rnì gi

vi}e dkhkgniej ~ ej gi bk Aier,% Krk rkjvn}iv,k ipivk`k `jlj glnrk' `jlj i{rj,

vkign}i`ne i kv {pkvibi%@givj' i l lk pivk`k y{k iy{ di~ bj `ji= pjv {e gibj' krk bneilnlj bk gi

sjg{erib ifrvi`ri' bjebk ipivk`k ifrvi`ri pjv kv gi sjg{erib bk {e {mkrj' bk {e ~j ~

bkp{ Dkhkg si i ljrviv gi skvbib bk kri sjg{erib ifrvi`ri ~ gi si i ljrviv `jlj

sjg{erib rnì,% Bk rjbi liekvi' krk ljsnlnkerj iern`npi gj y{k si i kv gi

c{ebilkeri`ne dkhkgniei bk gi pvjpnkbib% Gi pvjpnkbib j~ ~j `jlj jfmkrj% Gi bnckvke`ni

`je Gjàk si i kriv ke y{k kk ~j' ke vkignbib ej k {e ~j' nej y{k k {ei pkvjei nekvri

ke {e l{ebj bk vkgi`njek pkvjeigk krj k' gi pkvjei `jlj ighj {enskvig' `je`vkrj'

ktnrkerk,' ~ ej `jlj kk ~j y{k bksnkek pvjpnkrivnj nebkpkebnkerklkerk bk rjbi

bnlkene pg{vig j `jgk`rnsi' ~ pjv kebk' rnì% _kvj k `nkvrj y{k gi nbki k gi lnli' y{k

kg jfmkrj k ~j jfmkrnsn}ibj% ^ pjv jrvj gibj' kg i`rnsnlj vksjg{`njeivnj' y{k k krj

rilfne' k krk ignv i ljbncnìv gi vkignbib' i jlkrkvgi ig lnlj' bjfgkhiv gi vkignbib

ke c{e`ne bk gi pvjpni gnfkvrib% Gnfkviv gj jrvj' k gnfkvivk% Cmkek gi dnrjvni y{k krj si

i rkekv% Kerje`k' n fnke k `nkvrj y{k kg ljlkerj bk bkrv{``ne pvjpnj bk gi nbki

vksjg{`njeivni' y{k Dkhkg sk `je`vkrn}ibi pjv gj lkej ke kg rkvvjv mi`jfnej y{k ej pjbi

ej bkìeriv ke kg rkvvjv bkg @jlnr bk Pigsi`ne _fgnì,% Kerje`k' ej lk pivk`k y{k kil{~ m{rj bk`nv y{k ke Dkhkg' {ei `ji ki gi vksjg{`ne' ~ jrvi kg rkvvjv% Ej' kg rkvvjv kvi

neksnrifgk' ej pjbi ej rkvlneiv ke rkvvjv gi vksjg{`ne% ^ gi vi}e c{ebilkerig y{k bi

Dkhkg' k y{k ej d{fj Vkcjvli ke Cvie`ni% [e kpvnr{ y{k ej difi `jej`nbj gi Vkcjvli'

y{k k gi i{rernì vksjg{`ne kpnvnr{ig' `{iebj di`k gi vksjg{`ne' neksnrifgklkerk si

ìlnej ig rkvvjvnlj% _jvy{k k rig gi bnjeie`ni kervk vkignbib ~ `je`nke`ni' y{k kri


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grnli ej rnkek jrvj nerv{lkerj pivi bjfgkhiv i gi d{lienbib y{k kg rkvvjv% Ke Igklieni

ej k ek`kivni gi vksjg{`ne' pjvy{k gi dn}j G{rkvj' bn`k Dkhkg%

Ig{lej= Gi vkcjvli kvi {pkviv gi bnckvke`ni ne`jvpjvebjgi%

_vjckjv= @givj' ke gi cjvli vkgnhnji% Gi rviecjvli`ne kpnvnr{ig gi dn}j gi Vkcjvli

Vkgnhnji' ~ difnkebj nbj dk`dj gi ri' kg ìlfnj pjgrn`j k lkvi vkcjvli $`je

lne`{gi. ~ ej vksjg{`ne%

Ig{lej= _kvj ke gj pivrn`{giv' G{rkvj bkp{ kr{sj ke `jervi bk gj ìlpknej% Di~

y{k bnckvke`niv {e pj`j gj vkgnhnjj bk { vkcjvli' y{k bk gj pv`rn`j' lk pivk`k%

_vjckjv= @givj' pkvj ke rjbj ìj' dk`di gi Vkcjvli Kpnvnr{ig kg jvbke rkei y{k kv

lierkenbj% _kvj ' G{rkvj c{k rkvvnfgk%Kerje`k' k krk ljlkerj bk i`rnsnlj% Idjvi fnke' kk pivrn`{giv di`ni kg `{ig ej

ljsklj' pjvy{k kj jlj ejjrvj y{k ej dklj pvjb{`nbj `jlj kj1 f{kej' kj k kg

pvj`kj bkg y{kvkv `je`vkrj% Y{nkvj y{kvkv pivk`kvi' ~ ig y{kvkv y{kvkv' y{nkvj% Y{nkvj

ighj' ~ kk ighj k gj y{k k pjvy{k k y{kvnbj% Aier bn`k y{k rjbi vkpvkkeri`ne klpvnì

bkfk pjbkv kv i`jlpiibi pjv kg ~j pnkej% Pje ln vkpvkkeri`njek ke gi lkbnbi ke y{k

~j pnkej% Kerje`k' rjbj gj jfmkrj bk ln sjg{erib' je bk ln sjg{erib pjvy{k je

y{kvnbj pjv ln sjg{erib% ^j gj y{nkvj% Y{nkvj I' y{nkvj F' y{nkvj @% ^ I' F' ~ @' gj y{k

di`k y{k kie jfmkrj bk ln sjg{erib' ej k gj y{k rnkeke bk ej sjg{erib' nej y{k k gj y{k

rnkeke bk sjg{erib' k bk`nv' kg kv y{kvnbj% Gi kke`ni' kg kv nbj' k kg kv y{kvnbj%

Idjvi' `{g k gi skvbib: Gi skvbib k gi ivrn`{gi`ne jvhenì kervk gi sjg{erib gnfvk

vkcgkmibi ke lnli' ~ gnfvk ke { ignbi ig ktrkvnjv% Gi {enbib bk gi {enbib ~ gi bnckvke`ni%

^ kj k gj y{k g ktpjek ke 8 .=

Gi sjg{erib k gi {enbib kervk krj bj ljlkerj $%%%.% Kggi k gi i{rjbkrkvlnei`ne

bkg ~j' bk pjekvk ke gj {ej `jlj gj ekhirnsj bk lnlj' k bk`nv' bk pjekvk `jlj

bkrkvlneibj' gnlnribj' ~ ig lnlj rnklpj pkvliek`kv `jenhj' j ki' ke { nbkernbib

`jenhj ~ {enskvignbib' ~' ke gi bkrkvlnei`ne' {envk gj `jenhj lnli%

Pn ~j y{nkvj ki nggi' j~ gnfvk pjvy{k ki nggi k gj y{k ~j y{nkvj% Ej k jrvj y{k lk

bjlnei% _ivi ln sjg{erib' gi nggi k kg jfmkrj bk ln y{kvkv' k ln y{kvnbi% Rjbj gj y{k ke

gi nggi di~ y{k kìpi i kv kggi y{kvnbi pjv l' lk kr gnlnriebj bk {ei liekvi y{k ~j'

`jlj sjg{erib' ej p{kbj rjgkviv' pjvy{k n ej' ej kvi gnfvk% Rjbi vkpvkkeri`ne bk gi

nggi y{k nl{grekilkerk gi vkpvkkerivi `jlj ifjg{rilkerk ktrkvnjv' krivi ie{gebjlk


23/32

`jlj sjg{erib% Ke gi vi}e rkvnì' ~j p{kbj jgsnbivlk bk y{k gi nggi k nggi' pkvj bkbk

kg p{erj bk snri bk gi nbkernbib pv`rnì' ej p{kbj ie{givgi% Bkp{ Dkhkg gj y{k si i

ljrviv k y{k ej di~' pjv i bk`nv' jgsnbj' nej ivrn`{gi`ne m{vbnì bk pjvy{ kri nggi

p{kbk kv li ~ j~ ~j' ~ iy{kggi jrvi ej k li' ~ pjv kebk j sj% _kvj ej nlpjvri

pjvy{k kg {mkrj y{k k kg kpvnr{' k gi bj nggi% Kerje`k' n ~j lk bkrkvlnej `jlj

nggi' gi nggi j~ ~j% Pignv bk ln lnlj' k vk`jecnvliv ln nbkernbib% @{iebj ~j bnhj

y{nkvj ighj' j~ d{liej pjvy{k `{iebj y{nk ighj' rviecjvl i kk ighj y{kvnbj' ke gi

lienckri`ne bk ln gnfkvrib% ^j j~ gnfvk' ke kg ljlkerj ke y{k y{nkvj ighj' pjvy{k ej gj

y{nkvj `jlj ienlig' nej `jlj vi}e% Kerje`k' gi skvbib vi`njeig bk gj y{kvnbj' k kv

y{kvnbj% Gi vi`njeignbib pv`rnì bk gj jrvj' vibnì ke kv sjg{erib jfmkrnsibi% Ej rnkeke {nbkernbib pv`rnì eibi y{k p{kbi icnvlivk `jlj i`jvi}ibj' nebkpkebnkerk' nlpkvlkifgk

bk gi sjg{erib% Rjbj jrvj bk gi sjg{erib' k gi sjg{erib `jlj jrvj' n ej' ej kvi sjg{erib%

Idjvi' pjv `nkvrj' i` krilj ke {e enskg ifrvi`rj' pkvj ke gj `je`vkrj' ke {ei bk gi

lienckri`njek bkg kpvnr{' kg fjy{k si i kv ihvibj% Kerje`k' kg fjy{k si i gnlnriv ig

kpvnr{% _kvj kk k kg ìlnej ckejlkejghn`j bkg kpvnr{% @je kg rnklpj' k si i ggkhiv i

gj y{k kg ~j y{nkvk di`kv `je kg fjy{k' pkvj gi skvbib k y{k kg fjy{k k' gj y{k kg kribj

ke { jvhien`nbib, bkrkvlnei bn`nkebj `{g k gi kpnvnr{ignbib bkg fjy{k% Kerje`k' ke gi

Bj`rvnei bk gi kke`ni keGi Ghnì krj k sk fnke' `lj kg vkcgkmivk j ignv k vkcgkmivk

j sjgskv% Kpk`{givk k {e ignv y{k k {e sjgskv% K {e bkbjfgivk y{k k {e {encnìvk%

K gi {enbib bk gi {enbib ~ gi bnckvke`ni% Kj k Dkhkg% Kj k gi bnig`rnì% Y{k ~i krifi

ke kv eibi,bkskenv%

Ke kg pvnlkv pvvicj bk gi Jfkvsi`ne' bn`k l j lkej krj% Ke kg cneig bk kk

pvvicj' bn`k= $%%%. `je`{kvbi `je gj {enskvig% Y{n} `jeskebvi rvib{`nv k nh{igi%

Di~ {ei nbki bk nh{igbib ke kg skvfj y{k {i Dkhkg' ~ y{k ej ipivk`k ke gi rvib{``ne%

Cmkek ke kg pvvicj nh{nkerk= Gj bj pvnlkvj ljlkerj Qkg bk gi sjg{erib `kvvibijfvk lnli ~ ke gi sjg{erib y{k igk di`ni c{kvi\ je c`ngk bk i`kpriv ~ `jlpvkebkv'

pjvy{k je ljlkerj bkg kerkebnlnkerj $%%%.%Gklj Gjàk ~ kerkebklj i Dkhkg% _jv

eir{vigk}i jlj gnfvk ~ pjv eir{vigk}i' jlj pvjb{`rjvk% Kj je gj bj ljlkerj

nen`nigk% _kvj kg kpk`cnìlkerk dkhkgniej k kg rkv`kvj' kk k kg p{erj% Ig rkv`kvj' ke

ìlfnj' ig skvbibkvj ~ kpk`{girnsj Qgj bkl je nerkgk`r{igk' ej je skvbibkvj\' ej

biv { `jekernlnkerj ig kerkebnlnkerj $%%%.%


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sjg{erib k gi sjg{erib ke gi cjvli bk jfmkrj bk gi sjg{erib% Cmkek `jlj rkvlnei gi

Jfkvsi`ne bk 8 $phnei 08.= $%%%. k gi sjg{erib `jlj ki i`rnsnbib y{k k lkbni ke

lnli Qy{k k ekhivk i lnli' krifgk`kv kg bneilnlj `jenhj lnli\~ `jlj vkrjvej

i % Ig ekhivk ~ ignv' s{kgsk%

Ke kg Ihvkhibj k l{~ `givj= Ke {e pvnlkv ljlkerj kg ~j k' ke `{ierj rig' p{vi

i`rnsnbib Qljsnlnkerj y{k hnvi jfvk lnlj\ gi {enskvignbib y{k pkvliek`k `jenhj

lnli1 pkvj Q~ idjvi snkek kg kh{ebj ljsnlnkerj' \ kri {enskvignbib k bkrkvlnei ~ ig

di`kvgj ej y{kbi `jenhj' nej y{k k pjek `jlj jrvj ~ bkmi bk kv {enskvig Qk

pivrn`{givn}i' ~j y{nkvj kri nggi% Ej p{kbj bk`nv= Y{nkvj rjbj' pjvy{k kj k ej y{kvkv

eibi\% Gj rkv`kvj Qgi skvbib bk krj bj ljlkerj\ k y{k idjvi ke { gnlnri`ne' ke kkjrvj $%%%. Ln sjg{erib gi dk iìbj bk ln lnlj' gi dk p{krj ke gi nggi' gi dk

rviecjvlibj bk sjgkerk ~ sjgnbi' bk y{kvnkerk ~ y{kvnbi% @lj lkvilkerk y{kvnkerk j~

~j' kg i`rjv bkg y{kvkv' pkvj lk dk pivrn`{givn}ibj% Kerje`k' bebk krj~: Igg' ke gi

cjvli bk ibmkrnsi`ne bk gj jrvj' y{k k kg jfmkrj bk ln sjg{erib%

Vkrjlj gi `nri= $%%%. ke kk jrvj' kr `jenhj lnli' y{k ig bkrkvlneivk pkvliek}ì

ne klfivhj `jenhj ~ ej bkmk bk lierkekvk gj {enskvig% Krk k kg `je`kprj `je`vkrj bk

gi gnfkvrib' lnkervi y{k gj bj ljlkerj pvk`kbkerk' k die lienckribj kerkvilkerk

ifrvi`rj ~ {engirkvigk%

^ krj ~i kr ke gi ilnrib ~ ke kg iljv% Igg' lk ifvj i jrvj' pkvj ke kg ifvnvlk i {e

jrvj' lk vk`jlpjehj `jelnhj lnlj' pjvy{k kk jrvj j~ ~j' ~ ~j j~ kg jrvj bk kk jrvj%

Gj y{k gi ilnrib ~ kg iljv bkmie ne vkjgskv' k gi pvjpnkbib' y{k `vki cn``njek ke gi

ilnrib ~ kg iljv% _ivi y{k ej `vkk cn``njek' gi ilnrib ~ kg iljv rnkeke y{k pivi kv

fv{rig, i`jerk`kv bkervj bkg kribj% _jvy{k kerje`k id' gj i`rjvk bkg iljv ~ bk gi

ilnrib je `n{bibiej% _jv kmklpgj' kg iljv `je kg lirvnljenj%

Kg Ihvkhibj rkvlnei i= $%%%. gi gnfkvrib k y{kvkv ighj bkrkvlneibj ~ ke ki

bkrkvlnei`ne pkvliek`kv `jenhj ~ vkrjveiv e{ksilkerk i gj {enskvig% Pn ~j ig y{kvkv

gi nggi' lk nggn}ivi' lk dn`nkvi nggi' ej kvi gnfvk% Lk ignkej% Krj k gj y{k Dkhkg ej

bn`k' pkvj gj si i bk`nv Livt% Livt si i bk`nv y{k gi nr{i`ne bkg rvifimibjv ljbkvej k

y{k ig di`kvk lkvìeì' k pnkvbk% Gkmj bk kh{nv nkebj g ke gi lkvìeì' ke kg jfmkrj'

ig pvjb{`nv ierk y{k {e jfmkrj' {ei lkvìeì' k ignkei% ^ pjv y{ pvjb{`k ierk {ei

lkvìeì y{k {e jfmkrj: _jvy{k pivi Livt ke kg ìpnrignlj' kg ipk`rj bkg sigjv bk {j


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Ke kg kh{ebj ljlkerj pkk i y{k k l c`nglkerk `jlpvkenfgk' pkvj rjbj k

m{khi id' ~ y{k k ky{nsigkerk ke Gi @nke`ni bk gi Ghnì i gi kke`ni, gi skvbib kr ke

kg `je`kprj pkvj kg p{erj `gisk kr ke gi kke`ni% _jv y{ kg kh{ebj ljlkerj k `gisk:

_jvy{k k kg ljlkerj bjebk gj jrvj ej k gj jrvj% K kg ljlkerj bkg piimk i gi gnfkvrib'

bjebk gj jrvj' ke vkignbib ej k gj jrvj' nej y{k j~ ~j `jlj jrvj% ^ id ~i eibi lk

gnlnri%

Kk k kg p{erj bk`nnsj% Pn {ej sk gi dnrjvni bk gi cngjjci' `{ibj kg ljlkerj

`jlpivrnbj bk gi ktpiene bkg {mkrj' k rviecjvli j vk`nfk ke kg `jernekerk gi livì bkg

nbkignlj igkle1 ke kg lfnrj iehgjime' ~ pivrk rilfne ke Cvie`ni' di~ `jlj {e pij

di`ni irv `je vkpk`rj i gi pvjgjehi`ne bkg nbkignlj igkle ~ ke kg livtnlj1 j ie kegi `vrnì bk Enkr}`dk j Ankvakhiivb' ke gi cjvli bkg pjnrnsnlj% Gi jrvj k gj jrvj' ~

id kr% Kerje`k' `jej`kv k rviriv bk ggkhiv i kj jrvj% K kt`g{nsilkerk rkvn`j' ~ gi

pv`rnì ej rnkek eibi y{k skv' ~ gi pvjpnkbib ej rnkek krk jpjvrk lkricn`j' nej y{k

nlpgklkerk vkpjebk i jvhien}iv vi`njeiglkerk' {ei `jesnske`ni bk necnenbibk% Rjbj kj

k pigifvkvj pkgnhvjj%

^ i Dkhkg gk nlpjvri l{`dj krk kh{ebj ljlkerj' pjv kj ke 4' >~ 9?' l{krvi

`je li~jv bkriggk kri bnig`rnì nerkvei bkg ljlkerj bk gi pivrn`{givn}i`ne% Ke 4' gj

y{k g ggili i.' k gi vkgi`ne {mkrj,jfmkrj% Kg {mkrj ke krk lfnrj k gi sjg{erib cjvli,

ke ki ktrkvnjvnbib k ke`{kervi i lnlj% Ig ke`jervivk i ke gj ktrkvnjv' gj ktrkvnjv k

{ei kpk`nk bk pivkb `jervi gi `{ig vkfjri kg y{kvkv j kg vk`nfnv% I' ke krk ljsnlnkerj'

i `jlj gi {pkvcn`nk p{gnbi y{k ej bks{kgsk i ejjrvj lnlj' gi sjg{erib y{k igk k

{ei sjg{erib y{k s{kgsk% Kg ggkhiv i pivrnv bk ig jrvj k ke`jervik ke gj jrvj' ~ pjv kebk

k sjgskv i % Idjvi fnke' kj jrvj' ibkl l igg bk ki pvkkeri`ne cjvlig bkg

ljsnlnkerj, rnkek {ei bkrkvlnei`ne pivrn`{giv' y{k k gi bk pvkkerivk cvkerk i gi

sjg{erib' `jlj gi lkri bk ki sjg{erib% Iy{kggj di`ni gj `{ig gi sjg{erib si' rnkebk% K kgcne ig `{ig rnkebk gi sjg{erib% Iy{kggj di`ni gj `{ig gi i`rnsnbib pv`rnì si bnvnhnbi% ^ ig

pvkkerivk `jlj {e cne bkrkvlneibj' k ej pvkkeri ke {ei nelkbnirk} y{k ej kr

nlpjenkebj {ei vkrvn``ne% Kerje`k' ej kr gnlnriebj e{krvi gnfkvrib' `jlj gnfkvrib

gj nerkvnjv% Id di~ {ei rkene% Pk ej ipivk`k ke { bkrkvlneirk}' `jlj {e ke

ktnrkerk' cvkerk i gj `{ig ~j `jlj sjg{erib j~ {e ke gnfvk% Ln gnfkvrib k gi bkg kriv,

cvkerk,i% Gj y{k kr jpkviebj c{kvrklkerk iy{ k {e ljlkerj bk nelkbnirk} ke l `jlj


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sjg{erib' kg ljlkerj bk gj eir{vig' bk gj y{k lk h{ri' bkg y{nkvj' ke {e kernbj l{~

gnhibj i pinjek k ne`gnei`njek%

Idjvi fnke krj bj ljlkerj' gi gnfkvrib y{k k gnfvk `jlj {e y{kvkv ighj ~ kg ighj

y{k ipivk`k `jlj gnfvk pjvy{k rjbisi gi sjg{erib bnhilj i, ej gj y{nj `je gnfkvrib

pgkei ,j ki vi`njeiglkerk,1 ej je nej ljlkerj bk gi vkgi`ne kervk ilfj y{k k gi

skvbib bk gi `ji% ^ gi vkgi`ne kervk ilfj' `jecjvli kg nrkli bk gi sjg{erib pv`rnì'

bjebk gi sjg{erib pv`rnì igk bk ' pkvj krk ignv bk k {e pvjhvknsj vi`njeign}iv

iy{kggj y{k krifi cjhjekiebj gi i`rnsnbib pkvj bkbk gi eir{vigk}i ~ kg jfmkrj' pkvj ej

jgilkerk `jlj jfmkrj bkg bkkj' nej `jlj jfmkrj y{k k kg jfmkrnsivk bk gi vi}e

pv`rnì% Bkp{ silj i skv y{k krk pvj`kj k gi `{gr{vi% Gi `{gr{vi y{k si bk {e y{kvkv~ {e di`kv ke c{e`ne bk {e y{kvkv ìn ienlig' i kg rvifimj jvhen`j' bn`npgneibj' gi

`jecjvli`ne bk {e nrkli kririg' bjebk gi `ji k y{nkvke' pkvj k gi y{nkvk ke kg

bkvk`dj ~ bkbk pjn`njek `{gr{vigk' pjv i bk`nvgj' ej `jlj ienligk y{k bkkie

nernernsilkerk% Kk k kg givhj pvj`kj bk vkign}i`ne bkg bkvk`dj% ^ pvk`nilkerk' gj y{k

ifvk kg pvj`kj krk' ~ y{k iì gi sjg{erib bk { nelkbnirk}' ~ gi pjek ke ljsnlnkerj' j

ki' ke lkbni`ne' k kg i`rj pjv kg `{ig gi sjg{erib k ifvk' si di`ni gj y{kvnbj% Ig

bk`nbnvej pjv ighj' ej d{lien}ilj% Gj ienligk ej k bk`nbke' k ifigie}ie pjv i

bk`nvgj% Kerje`k' gj kvk d{liej k bk`nbke' pvk`nilkerk pjvy{k { i`rnsnbib' {

ifvnv,k' { ktrkvnjvn}iv,k' di`kv,k gnfvk' k ighj y{k kgnhke% Kgkhnlj ki nggi ~ di`ni kggi

i`rnsivklj e{krvi sjg{erib% Idjvi' i` krilj difgiebj `jlj bk {e {mkrj ifrvi`rj'

{e ~j' pkvj pnekegj bkbk kg p{erj bk snri bkg kpvnr{' ki k gi Dnrjvni% Gi dnrjvni bk

gi `{gr{vi' di nbj {e pvjhvknsj vkign}ivk ke krk ljsnlnkerj' `je rjbi gi rkenjek ~

bncn`{gribk' pjv {p{krj% Kerje`k' k ifvk ke krk p{erj' i pivrnv bkg 90' {ei bnig`rnì

bk gi sjg{erib y{k k di bk`nbnbj ~ y{k vkpnrk gj ljlkerj ierkvnjvk' y{k ~i ifklj%

Cmkek `lj Dkhkg si fimiebj di`ni gj `je`vkrj% Ej silj i`kvìebj' pjvy{k ~i gibk`nne k pjv ighj `je`vkrj% Krilj ggkhiebj i gj pivrn`{giv% Idjvi' bkp{ g si i

ljrviv y{k rjbj krj i`jerk`k ke `jgk`rnsj' ke nernr{`njek% I` k `jlj {ei kpk`nk bk

pvk,ghnì bkg bkvk`dj% @jlj {ei pvkkeri`ne bkg bneilnlj' ne kerviv i bkriggiv kg i`rjv

bk krk bneilnlj' ~ pjv idjvi' gnlnrebjk i pvkkerivgj `jlj sjg{erib' ~ `jlj diri

sjg{erib bk {e ~j% Kerje`k' kg pvnlkv ljlkerj k `jlj gi bk`nne ke { ifrvi``ne%

Bk`nbnv,k' eibi l% _ivrn`{givn}iv,k% Ke ' gi sjg{erib y{k bk`nbk k bk`nne% Rjbisi


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ej gk pjehilj kg ighj pjv kg `{ig' nej y{k rjlibj ke { p{vk}i sjg{erib y{k y{nkvk k

sjg{erib y{k bk`nbk% _jvy{k {e y{kvkv y{k i rvis bk gi bk`nne ej pjek ke liv`di ighj'

ej k i{rern`j y{kvkv% @je gi bk`nne klpnk}i kg `jeri`rj `je gj pivrn`{giv' kg ktnrnv%

Ig{lei= Gi sjg{erib bk rjbisi ej k bkrkvlnei`ne%

_vjckjv= @givj% _vnlkvj snlj gi sjg{erib ~ rjbj kk ljsnlnkerj% _kvj idjvi k `jlj

y{k Dkhkg gj i`givi ie l' k gk ne`jvpjvi i gi sjg{erib' kg i`rj pjv kg `{ig i`jerk`k gi

pivrn`{givn}i`ne ~i ej `jlj bneilnlj l hkekvig `jlj c{k ' ' ~ ' nej idjvi

ljrviebj l ke bkriggk, ~ pvk`ni bkervj bk gi snbi bk gi sjg{erib' kk i`rj c{ebilkerig

y{k k bk`nbnv,k pjv ighj% ^ y{ y{nkvk bk`nv krj: Ierk rjbj bk`nbnv,k' bkp{' bk`nbnv,

k pjv ighj' ~ bkp{ gi ivrn`{gi`ne kervk kg bk`nbnv,k' bk`nbnv,k pjv ighj' kg ighjbk`nbnbj' ~ rjbj kj `jecjvli {e nrkli% @jlj y{k si bk gj l hkekvig i gj l

pivrn`{giv%

Kerje`k' pvnlkvj k bk`nne ne l' bkp{ k bk`nbnvk pjv ighj' ~ krj y{nkvk bk`nv

bk`nbnv kervk sivnj ighj' kerje`k id `jlj y{k gi sjg{erib k rjpi `je ighj y{k kr

ic{kvi% Kgkhnv pjv gi nggi k ej kgkhnv pjv rig jrvi `ji' j ki' k kgkhnv ekhirnsilkerk

vkpk`rj i rig jrvi `ji% Rjbi kgk``ne k' ig lnlj rnklpj' {ei ej,kgk``ne' ~ sn`kskvi%

Ig{lej= Krj gj si i vkrjliv Pivrvk%

_vjckjv= P' pjv {p{krj%

Ig{lej= Kg `jrk bk jpjvr{enbib bk gj k`jejlnri%

_vjckjv= @givj% Id k kg jlkrnlnkerj bk krk jlkrnlnkerj' i {e `g`{gj {rngnrivnj'

ggksibj i gj y{k gi lirklrnì pkvlnrnvi% Dkhkg rnkek y{k bkljrviv y{k kg pgkej

`{lpgnlnkerj bk ki liekvi nerkgk`r{ignri bk bk`nbnv,k' ej jg{`njei gi `ji% Di~ ighj

y{k ej p{kbk vkjgskv' gi c{kv}i bk gi ekhirnsnbib ej y{kbi {enskvign}ibi {cn`nkerklkerk'

i enskg k`jeln`j%

Ig{lej= _kvj gj k`jejlnri vk`jej`ke gi ne{cn`nke`ni bkg `g`{gj%_vjckjv= @givj' pkvj ej k {ei ne{cn`nke`ni rnì' nej nerv{lkerig' lnkervi y{k gi bk

Dkhkg k rnì% Kggj pjbvie vi}jeiv i= gi vi}e' gi virnj nerv{lkerig' ggkhi diri i`' ~

ej ig e{eì bk ki ghnì% Lnkervi y{k gj y{k Dkhkg bn`k k y{k nebkpkebnkerklkerk bk

gj y{k p{kbi gjhviv j ej' gi ne{cn`nke`ni kr ke kv nerv{lkerig% Di~ {ei bnlkene rnì

y{k ej p{kbke jg{`njeiv ~ y{k gj gi pjgrnì y{k pivi kggj k kg kribj, p{kbk vkjgskv%

Pgj kg kribj ipjvri kg ljlkerj bk gi {enskvignbib y{k ej k necnenri% Lnkervi y{k ig


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enskg bk gi vi}e nerv{lkerig' jpkvierk' snsk bk gi necnenr{b% K bk`nv' gj y{k ej p{kbk

vkjgskv k c{e`njeig i y{k k lierkehi jfkviej kg nrkli nerv{lkerig% [ei

nerv{lkerignbib y{k vkjgsnkvi rjbj' k krivi {n`nbiebj% Kerje`k' Dkhkg si i bk`nv bk

{ei liekvi l `je`vkri= Iebiebj ìbi sk} lkmjv kg lkvìbj' di~ ìbi sk} l pjfvk%

_jvy{k krk nrkli' n ej d{fnkvi l pjfvk' k pivi% Kerje`k' gi jg{`ne i kk

pvjfgkli k pjgrnì% Kerje`k' gi jg{`ne i kk pvjfgkli' nlpgnì kg ke`{ibvilnkerj bk

ki bnlkene {rngnrivni' ke {ei jvhien`nbib l ilpgni% Kerje`k' id ' ke`{ibvibi id'

y{k nhi nkebj nerv{lkerig% _kvj ipkei k hkekvi {e pvjfgkli rn`j y{k gi {pkvi' kg

kribj kr id pivi vkjgskvgj' ne y{k eibnk p{kbi pvjrkriv% Kg y{k pvjrkri' k pjvy{k ej

gk~Gi Ghnì' enGi Cngjjci bkg Bkvk`dj%Ig{lej= K gi sjì`ne rjrignrivni bkg lkvìbj%

_vjckjv= Ej' f{kej' `givj' Dkhkg k rjrignrivnj pivi y{nke kernkebk y{k gi gnfkvrib k gi

necnenr{b' lnkervi y{k pivi Dkhkg' pivi y{nke gi gnfkvrib k kg jvbke jvhen`j bjebk kg

ljsnlnkerj gnfvk kr jlkrnbj jerjghnì ~ rnìlkerk i gi rjrignbib i gi `{ig k

pkvrkek`k' rjrignrivnj k kg lkvìbj' pjvy{k ipkei gi krn`nbib k b{kvlk' kg lkvìbj `{fvk

rjbj% Ke kk kernbj' {ej pjbvi diri ggkhiv i bk`nv' y{k gi dnrjvni' y{k bklnkerk i Dkhkg'

gj `jecnvli% Bnhilj' gi dnrjvni' y{k bkl{krvi y{k kg kribj bk Dkhkg ej ktnrn e{eì' ~

jfvk rjbj k nlpjnfgk y{k ktnri idjvi' `jecnvli gj y{k bn`k Dkhkg' pjvy{k rjbj k

lkvìbj% Kerje`k' rkei vi}e%

F{kej' pkvj sjgsnkebj i`' ke kg rkv`kv ljlkerj' gi skvbib bkg 90 ~ 92 ,bk gi

bk`nne ke { ifrvi``ne ~ bk gi kgk``ne `jlj pvkke`ni bk gj jrvj y{k pjek i gi

sjg{erib ke gi jfgnhi`ne bk kgkhnvk pjv ighj,' k kg ivfnrvnj% Lk h{ri l gi bkcnen`ne

y{k kr ke gi Jfkvsi`ne ig 9;% _vnlkvj gkilj kg pvvicj=

Bk i`{kvbj `je kri bkrkvlnei`ne' gi gnfkvrib bk gi sjg{erib k ivfnrvnj' ke kg `{ig

kre ne`g{nbi rierj gi gnfvk vkcgktne y{k ifrvik bk rjbj `jlj gi bkpkebke`ni bkg

`jerkenbj ~ lirkvni bibj $%%%.%

Ke gi Jfkvsi`ne bn`k= $%%%.rvlnej lkbnj bk gi vkcgktne kervk gi sjg{erib

lkvilkerk bkrkvlneibi pjv gj nernerj eir{vigk ~ gi sjg{erib gnfvk ke ~ pjv %

Idjvi fnke' `{g k gi skvbib bkg ivfnrvnj: Gi skvbib bkg ivfnrvnj k gi

`jervibn`rjvnkbib y{k ienli i gi sjg{erib% Gi sjg{erib y{k kr icnvliebj gj y{k enkhi ~

ekhiebj gj y{k icnvli% Pk icnvli ke gi kpivi`ne bk {mkrj,jfmkrj' ~ ke gi {enbib bk


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{mkrj,jfmkrj% I gj y{k l p{kbk ggkhiv kri bnig`rnì' k ig ivfnrvnj% ^ id vkskgi {

glnrk' ej k {ei i{rernì {pkvi`ne% _ivi nv l ibkgierk' rnkek y{k ignv' pjv i bk`nv' bk

kri rkene%

@{iebj kr ieign}iebj kg ivfnrvnj' ipivk`k gi `vrnì i Aier' bkp{ gi silj i skv

l ke bkriggk% Gi sjg{erib y{k bk`nbk k rviecjvli ke ivfnrvnj% Kerje`k' pjv kmklpgj'

ìg`{gi% Kr ljsnbi pjv bkkj' rnkek y{k kgkhnv% Rjbj krj kr ke 93' 98' 94% Kr

nklpvk ig fjvbk bk kv ivvirvibi pjv gi ne`gnei`njek ,lk h{ri krj pkvj ej rkehj pgiri'

f{kej' pkvj lk lkrj nh{ig' gj pihiv bk ighe ljbj,% K kg ipk`rj bk gi ligbib bkg kv

d{liej' gj eir{vig' pinjeig' ienlig' gj pvnlnrnsj' kg bkkj' kr nklpvk jìsiebj'

pjenkebj ke pkgnhvj gi jvhien`nbib vi`njeig% ^ kg kerkebnlnkerj' ke kg cjebj pvkrkebkgnfkvivk bk kj' ~ ej p{kbk' pjvy{k ej `jecjvli i{rern`j nrkli' jvhien`nbib% ^ gj kg

ivfnrvnj klpnk}i i bkivvjggiv kg pvj`kj y{k gj si i ggksiv i gi {pkvi`ne bk gi

`jervibn``ne y{k gj ienli' ke gi lkbnbi ke y{k bksnkek pvj`kj dnrvn`j% Rvifimj ~

`{gr{vi%

Gj grnlj pivhvicj bk kri Nervjb{``ne' sie pvkpiviebj `lj gi sjg{erib y{k

bkfk bk`nvk' kgkhnv, ljsnbi pjv gi `jervibn`rjvnkbib bk { `jlpjekerk' k si i pjekv ke

{ei bnlkene pvj`k{ig bk pvj`kj' bk ljsnlnkerj, ~ gi vkjg{`ne bk kri

`jervibn`rjvnkbib si i kv gi snbi bkg kpvnr{ ~ jfvk rjbj ke kg pgiej y{k i ejjrvj ej

nerkvki' y{k k kg bkg bkvk`dj, gi ivrn`{gi`ne nernr{`njeig bkg bkvk`dj' k bk`nv' gi

nernr{`njek m{vbnì%

Idjvi' ej cigri iy{' gi `vrnì i gi snne nebnsnb{ignri bkg ivfnrvnj' ke kg kernbj bk y{k

kg kerkebnlnkerj ~ { i`rjv' kg ~j' ej p{kbk vkjgskv gi `jervibn`rjvnkbib bkg ivfnrvnj l

y{k ke gi cjvli bk i`{kvbj kervk ivfnrvnj% Krj k' gj pvjfgkli y{k lk hkekvi i l ln

sjg{erib $j ki' ~j `jlj sjg{erib. ke gi cjvli bk ivfnrvnj' lk gj vk{kgsj ~j% Lk

`jlpvjlkrj i ej ljgkrivrk i sj% Pn lk `jlpvj {e rkgksnjv j {ei dkgibkvi' j pihj gi`{jri bkg `jgkhnj' gj y{k ki' k {e pvjfgkli lj' pkvj ej rk sj~ i vjfiv pivi pjbkv

irnci`kv rjbj% K l' i`kprj y{k n rk vjfj' lk ggksie pvkj% Kerje`k ki kvi gi

jg{`ne aierniei ~ vj{ki{ekiei%

Ke gi Jfkvsi`ne ig 6>' vklnrk i gi bkcnen`ne aierniei bk ivfnrvnj= $%%%. gi gnlnri`ne

bk ln gnfkvrib j ivfnrvnj' bk ljbj rig y{k p{kbi `jktnrnv `je kg ivfnrvnj bk rjbj bk

i`{kvbj `je {ei gk~ {enskvig% Krj k ekhirnsj%


32/32

^ ke Vj{ki{ vk`{kvbi `jlj pjnrnsj' difkv irkebnbj ig ljlkerj kpnvnr{ig pvkkerk

ke gj ivfnrvnj nebnsnb{igk% Difkv i`kpribj kg ljlkerj bk nebnsnb{ignbib% _kvj ig kv ki

kpnvnr{ignbib' {ei kpnvnr{ignbib nerkgk`r{ignri' kg vk{gribj k pkjv y{k gj y{k k y{kvi

jg{`njeiv `je kk vk{gribj% Pk y{kvi jg{`njeiv kg `djy{k khjri bk ivfnrvnj' ~ pivi kggj

,khe gi gk`r{vi Dkhkgniei,' Vj{ki{ pvjpjek kg hvie ivfnrvnj= gi sjg{erib hkekvig% _kvj

gi vkignbib bk kk ivfnrvnj `jlj ivfnrvnj {enskvig' `jlj pvk{eri {pkvi`ne bk gi

pg{vignbib bk ivfnrvnj nebnsnb{igk' k kg rkvvjv% Cmkek `lj rkvlnei gi Jfkvsi`ne ig

6>% Bn`k=

Krk p{erj bk snri' ìvk`k p{k bk rjbj pkeilnkerj kpk`{girnsj ~ di nbj

`jebkeibj pjv kg `je`kprj cngjcn`j pjv `{ierj di pvjb{`nbj ke gi lkerk ~ ke givkignbib i`jerk`nlnkerj `{~j djvvjv gj rnkek pivigkgj ke gi rvnsnignbib bk gj

pkeilnkerj ke gj y{k k c{ebifie%

Ke gj pvvicj y{k igrkilj' j snlj l{~ vpnbilkerk' Dkhkg bkivvjggi ie l kri

bnig`rnì bk gi sjg{erib' irkebnkebj i gj y{k ke 6?' pvkkeri `jlj `{gr{vi' k bk`nv' kg

pvj`kj bjebk kg ignv k {e ignv ìbi sk} lkej ljrnsibj pjv nernerj ~ ìbi sk} l

vi`njeig% Gi sjg{erib si di`ni gj jrvj bk {ei liekvi ìbi sk} lkej nernernsi ~ l

vi`njeig% Vkrjli e{ksilkerk rjbj gj y{k bnmj ierk' i {e enskg l ilpgnj bk ~jk' bk

{mkrj nebnsnb{igk y{k k ivrn`{gie kervk % ^ rkvlnei `vnrnìebj bj liekvi ky{nsjìbi

bk kerkebkv kri ivrn`{gi`ne' gi bk Aier ~ gi bk Vj{ki{%

^ gi Nervjb{``ne `nkvvi `je gi pvkkeri`ne bk gj rvk hviebk ljlkerj ke gi

cngjjci bk Dkhkg= kg bkvk`dj ifrvi`rj' gi ljvignbib ~ gi krn`nbib% Kerje`k' gi sk y{k

snkek sklj vpnbilkerk igh{ej p{erj bkg bkvk`dj ifrvi`rj' bk gi ljvignbib ~ {pjehj

y{k klpk}ivklj i skv gi krn`nbib' y{k k gj y{k l ej nerkvki%

Diri kg livrk y{k snkek%

020383- filosofía política -teorico nº11 (23.10.07).pdf

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