05 umts architecture
TRANSCRIPT
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UMTS Networks 1 Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Jens Mckenheim 19-Oct-10
UMTS System Architecture
and Protocol ArchitectureOverview on overall system architecture
UMTS network architecture and elements
Mobile station High-level functions UMTS domains and strata UMTS/GPRS protocol architecture
References: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility and
Services. 2nd edition, Wiley 2005 Ch 5.1: Core Network Architecture Release 3 Ch 5.4&5.5: Core Network Architecture Release 4 and 5 Ch 6: UMTS Terminal
Walke, Althoff, Seidenberg: UMTS Ein Kurs. J. Schlembach Fachverlag, 2001 3GPP TS 23.002: UMTS network architecture (CN and AN entities) and procedures 3GPP TS 23.101: General UMTS architecture 3GPP TS 23.060: GPRS, Service Description
3GPP TS 21.101/21.102/21.103: List of standards for Release 3, 4 and 5, respectively 3GPP TR 21.905: UMTS vocabulary and abbreviations
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UMTS/GSM Network Architecture
GPRS Core
(PacketSwitched)
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
GSM
RAN
Base station
Base stationcontroller
Base station
Base station
UTRAN
Radio network controller
node B
node B
node B
MSC
ISDN
GSM Core
(Circuitswitched)
HLR AuCEIR
GMSC
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UMTS System Architecture
UMTS Subscriber Identity Module (USIM): subscriber-specific data support of authorized access to network
Mobile Station (MS): radio interface service control and user interface
Radio Access Network (RAN): radio-specific functions
Core Network (CN):radio-independent functions transport mobility management subscriber data service control
datanetworks
ISDN
network
mobilenetwork
USIM
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Public Land Mobile Network (PLMN)
Definition:
a network established and operated by an administration to provideland-based mobile telecommunications services to the public
a PLMN may be regarded as an extension of a network (e.g. an ISDN)
a PLMN consists of a collection of MSC areas within a commonnumbering plan (e.g. same National Destination Code) and a commonrouting plan
PLMNs are independent telecommunications entities
Source: 3GPP 23.002-5.5.0
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U M T S N e
t w o r k
A r c
h i t e c
t u r e
B a s
i c C o n
f i g u r a
t i o n ,
R e
l e a s e
3
BSS
BSC
RNS
RNC
CN
Node B Node B
A IuPS
Iur
Iub
Uu
MSC SGSN
Gs
GGSN GMSC
GnHLR
Gr
GcC
D
E
AuC H
EIR
F Gf
GiPSTN
IuCSGb
VLR B
Gp
VLR G
BTS BTS
Um
RNC
Abis
MSC
B
PSTNPSTN
cell S o u r c e :
3 G P P 2 3
. 0 0 2 - 3 . 4 . 0
C i r c u
i t s w
i t c h e
d C N
P a c k e t s wi t c h
e d C N
GSMRAN
UTRAN
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Mobile-services Switching Centre (MSC)
An exchange performing all the switching and signalling functions (CSonly) for mobile stationsMSC controls mobile-originated and mobile-terminated CS calls
Functions call management mobility management (handling attach and authentication) subscriber administration
maintenance of charging data (for radio network usage) CS data services (FAX, modem) supplementary call services (call forwarding, etc.) SS7-based signaling
Main difference to an exchange in a fixed network: deal with mobility (e.g.location registration, handover)
Gateway MSC (GMSC) Provides interconnection between the UMTS core network and external
PSTN/ISDN networks
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
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GPRS Support Node (GSN)
GSNs constitute the interface between the radio access network and thefixed networks for packet switched services (similar to MSC for CS calls)
Serving GSN (SGSN)
session management mobility management subscriber database management (interface with HLR) maintenance of charging data (for radio network usage)
IP-based transport of user data between SGSN and the UTRAN IP- or SS7-based signaling transport
Gateway GSN (GGSN)
gateway for UMTS packet service to external data networks (e.g. theInternet) IP interface towards SGSN performs user data screening and security
maintenance of charging data (for external data network usage)
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
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Home Location Register (HLR)
Home (primary) data base in charge of the management ofmobile subscribersBasic information: International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI)
CS subscription information one or more Mobile Subscriber International ISDN number(s)
(MSISDN) PS subscription information
zero or more Packet Data Protocol (PDP) address(es) permission for GGSN to dynamically allocate PDP addresses for a
subscriber location information enabling the charging and routing of calls towards
the MSC or SGSN where the MS is registered (e.g. VLR Number)
Other information: teleservices and bearer services subscription information service restrictions (e.g. roaming limitation)
parameters attached to supplementary services
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
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Visitor Location Register (VLR)
(Secondary) data base supporting the management of mobilesubscribers currently located within its VLR area
Motivation: minimize load for HLR (i.e. of the primary data base)
Tasks: control MSs roaming in an MSC assigned to it exchange information with HLR to allow the proper handling of calls
Information maintained by VLR (for call handling):
International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) Mobile Station International ISDN number (MSISDN) Mobile Station Roaming Number (MSRN)
Temporary Mobile Station Identity (TMSI), if applicable location area where the mobile station has been registered the last known location and the initial location of the MS supplementary service parameters attached to the mobile subscriber
(received from the HLR)
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
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Authentication Centre (AuC)
Stores data for each mobile subscriber to authenticate the International Mobile Subscriber Identity (IMSI) to support ciphering of the communication over the radio path
The AuC transmits the data needed for authentication and ciphering viathe HLR to the VLR, MSC and SGSN which need to authenticate a mobilestation
AuC is associated with an HLR, and stores an identity key for each mobilesubscriber
The AuC communicates solely with its associated HLR (H-interface)
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
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Equipment Identity Register (EIR)
Logical entity storing the International Mobile Equipment Identities (IMEIs)
Equipment is classified as white listed: serie number of equipment
grey listed: equipment tracked by network
black listed: barred equipment
unknown to EIR
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
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Other CN entities
SMS Gateway MSC (SMS-GMSC) gateway between Short Message Service Center and PLMN deliver SMSs from service center to MS
SMS Interworking MSC (SMS-IWMSC) gateway between PLMN and Short Message Service Center deliver SMSs from MS to service center
Interworking Function (IWF)
associated with MSC supports interworking of PLMN with fixed networks, e.g. ISDN, PSTN,
PDN (protocol conversion)
Border Gateway (BG)
PS gateway to other PLMNs firewall functionality
Charging Gateway Functionality (CGF) collects charging records from SGSNs and GGSNs
Source: 3GPP 23.002-3.5.0
o
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Radio Network System (RNS)
Provide access to the UMTS terrestrial radio interface
RNS
RNC
RNS
RNC
Core Network
Node B Node B Node B Node B
Iu Iu
Iur
Iub IubIub Iub
UTRAN
Radio Network Controller (RNC) (Radio) mobility management Management of radio resources
Base Station (Node B) Radio coverage of cells Physical layer processing
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Mobile Station (MS)
ITU-T RecommendyerUE
Mobile Equipment (ME)MobileTermination(MT)
RT
AF
Cu
AccessNetwork
UuTerminalEquipment(TE)
USIM
Mobile Equipment (ME)radio transmissionand application
Terminal Adaptation Functions (TAF)(service dependent) mapping of terminal requests on
network capabilities
flow control/rate adaptations
Terminal Equipment (TE)support for end-to-endapplicationfunctions necessary forthe operation of theaccess protocols by theuser, e.g. a labtop
UMTS Subscriber IdentityModule (USIM)user identitycontains data and proceduresto unambiguously and securely
identify itself
Mobile Termination (MT)
functions for radio transmissionand management of the radiointerface, e.g. the handset
Mobile station (MS)/User Equipment (UE)physical equipment used bya PLMN subscriber
o
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High-level Functions (PS Domain)Network Access Control
Provide means by which a user isconnected to a telecommunicationnetwork
Registration
Association of Mobile ID with theuser's packet data protocol(s) andaddress(es) within the PLMN, andwith the user's access point(s) to theexternal PDP network
Authentication and AuthorisationIdentification and authentication ofthe service requester, and thevalidation of the service request type
Admission ControlCheck available network resourcesrequired to provide the quality ofservice (QoS)
Message Screening A screening function with filtering outunauthorised or unsolicited messages(firewall)
Packet Terminal Adaptation
Adaptation of data packets suitablefor transmission across the packetdomain network
Charging Data Collection
Collection of data necessary tosupport subscription and/or trafficfees
Operator Determined BarringLimitation of the service provider'sfinancial risk with respect to newsubscribers or to those who have notpromptly paid their bills by restrictinga particular packet-switched service
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High-level Functions (PS Domain)Packet Routing and Transfer
Determining and using the routefor transmission of a messagewithin and between the PLMN(s)
Relay
Forwarding of data received fromone node to the next node in theroute
RoutingSelection of the transmission path
for the "next hop" in the routeusing the destination address ofthe message
Address Translation and MappingConversion of one address to
another address of the same ordifferent type, i.e. to convert anexternal network protocoladdress into an internal networkaddress
Encapsulation/Decapsulation Addition/removal of address and controlinformation to a data unit for routingpackets within and between the PLMN(s)and between the SGSN and the MS
TunnelingTransfer of encapsulated data unitswithin and between the PLMN(s) fromthe point of encapsulation to the point ofdecapsulation
A tunnel is a two-way point-to-point path Compression
Optimisation of radio path capacity Ciphering
Preservation of the confidentiality of userdata and signalling across the radiochannels
Mobility Management Keep track of location of MSRadio Resource Management
Management of radio resources
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UMTS Functional Entities: Domains
Domain: grouping of physical entities of the system
User Equipment (UE) Domain
Access Network(AN) Domain
Core Network(CN) Domain
Infrastructure Domain
Cu
MobileEquipmentDomain
USIMDomain
HomeNetwork
Domain
TransitNetworkDomain
Uu Iu
[Zu]
[Yu]
Serving Network(SN) Domain
Source: 3GPP 23.101-4.0.0
Air InterfaceRadio AccessNetwork (RAN)
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Functions of the UMTS DomainsInfrastructure domain Access network (AN) domain: functions specific to access technique Core network (CN) domain: functions independent of access technique
Access network domain physical entities managing the resources of the access network
provides the user with a mechanism to access the core network domainServing network (SN) domain part of the CN domain to which the AN domain that provides the users access is
currently connected responsible for routing calls and transport user data/information from source to
destination provides CN functions that are local to the users access point (i.e. SN changes
when the user moves)Home network (HN) domain
provides CN functions that are conducted at a permanent location regardless ofthe location of the users access point (i.e. does not change due to user mobility) contains user-specific data and is responsible for management of subscription
information handle home-specific services, not offered by the serving network domain
User Services Identity Module domain (USIM) related to the home network domain by subscription
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Functional Communication betweenUMTS domains
Source: 3GPP 23.101-4.0.0
USIM
MT - AN
MT/ME AccessNetworkDomain
ServingNetworkDomain
HomeNetworkDomain
AN - SN
Access Stratum
MT - SN
Serving Stratum
USIM - HN
SN - HN
Home Stratum
MT - SNUSIM - MT
Transport Stratum
USIM - MT
Transport of user data andnetwork control signalling error correction and recovery encrypt data over the radio interface
and in the infrastructure part adaptation of data to use the supported
physical format transcoding of data to make efficient
use of, e.g. the radio interface
Parts of infrastructure, user equipment andprotocols specific to the access technique provides services related to the transmission
of data over the radio interface andthe management of the radio
interface
Protocols and functions toroute and transmitdata/information (useror network generated) fromsource to destination
Protocols and functions related to the
handling and storage ofsubscription data andpossibly home networkspecific services
functions related to subscriptiondata management, customer care,including billing and charging,
mobility management andauthentication
functions to allow domains otherthan the home network domain toact on behalf of the home network
Strata concept: grouping of functions grouping of
respective protocolso
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Functional Communication betweenUMTS domains
Source: 3GPP 23.101-4.0.0
End-to-end protocols andfunctions which make use of servicesprovided by the home, serving andtransport strata and infrastructure tosupport services and/or value addedservices.The functions and protocols within theapplication stratum may adhere toGSM/UMTS standards such as MExE ormay be outside the scope of the UMTSstandards.
TEMT - AN
MT AccessNetworkDomain
ServingNetworkDomain
TransitNetworkDomain
AN - SN
Access Stratum
TE - MT MT - SN
Serving Stratum
Application Stratum
Application
Transport Stratum
RemoteParty
MobileEquipment
Domain
o
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UMTS Protocol Architecture
References: Kaaranen, Ahtiainen, Laitinen, Naghian, Niemi: UMTS Networks Architecture, Mobility
and Services. Wiley 2001, Ch. 5.1 Walke, et al: UMTS ein Kurs, Ch. 5 (air interface only)
3G TS 23.060: GPRS, Service Description
We will focus on the packet switched mode here
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User Plane Bearer Services Overview
TE MT UTRAN CN IuEDGENODE
CNGateway
TE
UMTS
End-to-End Service
TE/MT LocalBearer Service
UMTS Bearer Service External Bearer Service
UMTS Bearer Service
Radio Access Bearer Service CN Bearer Service
BackboneBearer Service
Iu Bearer Service
Radio Bearer Service
UTRA
FDD/TDDService
Physical
Bearer Service
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Bearer Services Analogy with PublicTransportation
TE MT UTRAN CN IuEDGENODE
CNGateway
TE
UMTS
End-to-End Service
TE/MT LocalBearer Service
UMTS Bearer Service External Bearer Service
UMTS Bearer Service
Radio Access Bearer Service CN Bearer Service
BackboneBearer Service
Iu Bearer Service
Radio Bearer Service
UTRA
FDD/TDDService
Physical
Bearer ServiceTaxi:Wohnung Bushaltestelle
Zu Fu zum Taxi
Bus:Bushaltestelle - Bahnhof
Bahn:Bahnhof - Bahnhof
Taxi und Bus im Verbund(Taxiruf im Bus)
Taxi, Bus und Bahn im Verbund:single ticket, single reservation,same service everywhere
Taxi mit Fahrer Bus mit Fahrer
For each bearer: specific attributes (delay,
bandwidth, guarantees, etc.
specific reservationmechanism
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MS-RNS-SGSN-GGSN Control Plane
UDP
L2L1
IP
L2L1
IP
UDP
Gn or Gp
GSN GSN
GTP-C GTP-C
RLC
RRC
L1
GMM /SM / SMS
RRC
MAC
ATM
RANAP
AAL5
Relay
ATM
AAL5
3G SGSNRNSMSIu-PsUu
RLC SCCP
SignallingMAC
L1
Signalling
RANAP
SCCP
GMM /SM / SMS
o
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MS-RNS-SGSN Control PlaneGMM(GPRS Mobility Management):
GMM supports mobility management functionality such as attach, detach,security, and routing area update
SM (Session Management): SM supports PDP context activation and deactivation
SMS supports short message serviceGTP-C (GPRS Tunneling Protocol for Control plane): establish, manage and release GTP tunnels
RANAP(Radio Access Network Application Protocol):
transport of higher-layer signalling handling of signalling between the 3G-SGSN and UTRAN management of the GTP connections on the Iu interface
RRC (Radio Resource Control):
Information Broadcast (AS and NAS) RRC connection management (setup, release, reconfiguration) Radio Bearers management (setup, release, reconfiguration) Management of radio resources for the RRC connection RRC connection mobility functions
Paging/notification Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0
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MS-RNS-SGSN-GGSN User Plane
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,PPP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,PPP
3G-SGSNUTRANMSIu-PSUu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay
Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0
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MS-RNS-SGSN-GGSN User Plane
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,PPP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,PPP
3G-SGSNUTRANMSIu-PSUu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay
Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0
GTP-U (GPRS Tunneling Protocol for User plane): tunneling of user data between UTRAN and the 3G-SGSN tunneling between the GSNs in the backbone network
encapsulation of all PDP PDUs
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MS-RNS-SGSN-GGSN User Plane
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,PPP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,PPP
3G-SGSNUTRANMSIu-PSUu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay
Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0
PDCP (Packet Data ConvergenceProtocol):
provides protocol transparency (wrtthe underlying radio-interfaceprotocols) for higher-layer protocols
support for e.g., IPv4, PPP and IPv6(easy introduction of new higher-layer protocols)
compression of control information(header compression)
no user data compression in Iu mode(because the data compressionefficiency depends on the type ofuser data)
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MS-RNS-SGSN-GGSN User Plane
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
E.g., IP,PPP
Application
L1
RLC
PDCP
MAC
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
Relay
L1
UDP/IP
L2
GTP-U
E.g., IP,PPP
3G-SGSNUTRANMSIu-PSUu Gn Gi
3G-GGSN
ATM
UDP/IP
GTP-U
AAL5
L1
UDP/IP
GTP-U
L2
Relay
Source: 3GPP 23.060-4.1.0
RLC (Radio Link Control):RLC protocol provides logical linkcontrol over the radio interfaceThere may be several simultaneousRLC links per MS; each link is identifiedby a Bearer Id
MAC (Medium Access Control):MAC protocol controls the accesssignaling (request and grant)procedures for the radio channel
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