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1

,

Innovative Battery Management

Solutions for Smartphone, Tablet,

and Ultrabook

Simon Wen, Alice ChenQ4 2012 Analog Overview Seminar

Texas Instruments

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Battery Management Solutions

2

Smartphone &

Tablet Charger

Wireless

Charging

Battery Monitor

& Gauging

Ultrabook

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Smartphone &

Tablet Charger

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Charging with an Active System Load

(Non-DPPM)

System

ISYS+

Adapter

or USB

ICHG

IBAT

Charger

Advantages:

Narrow System DC voltage = Battery Voltage from 3 to 4.2V

Issues: Operate system and charging simultaneously

Safety Timer

Termination

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Power Path Management Battery Charge Architectur

(DPPM)

Separate charge current path from system current path

Charge current controlled by Q2

Powering System from adapter through Q1

Simultaneously powering system and charging battery

No interaction between charge current and system current

C1

+

-

Adapter

System

Q1 Q2

Powering System

Charging

Battery

Controller

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Popular Linear Charger: PowerPath Options

6

1.5A USB Friendly

Power Path

Charger

800mA

Non-Power Path

Linear Charger

bq24040

bq24075

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Switching Mode 1.5A Non-PowerPath Charger

7

VBUS

PMID

SCL

SDA

STAT

OTG

CD

SW

BOOT

PGND

SGND

CSIN

CSOUT

VREFbq24156A/7/8/9

L1 1uHUSB

Q1

Q2

Q3

R1 0.068 C3 10uF

C5

0.1uF

C6

1uF

C7

1uF

C2

4.7uF

C1

1uF

10k10k10k

SCL

SDA

STAT

OTG

VAUX

C410nF

10k

HOST Internal input current sensing and input current

limiting

Vin based DPM and bad adaptor detection

Charge in CC and CV mode

Automatic termination with internal safety timer

Boost mode operation for USB OTG

Detect bad adapter

Input DPM

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Current Capabilities of Adapters

Power sources have their limits There are situations where the input power source does

not have enough power to supply what the portable

device demands

Becoming increasingly important with thestandardization of input connectors such as the Micro-

USB

Input current limits and Input Voltage Dynamic Power

Management (VINDPM

) provide the functions needed to

solve this problem

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DPM Mode

Adapter

Limit

Input CurrentRegulation

Input Current DPM Switch-Mode Battery Charger

IIN

ISYS

ICHG

t1 t2

ISYS1

ISYS2

Maximize use of the input current

Current sharing between system & charger

Minimize the AC adapter size and power rating

Q1 VBUS

+- Control

Loops

A2

Q2

BAT

VREF

ISYS

IIN

ICHG

+-

IREF

Q3

Q4

How to avoid adapter crash if its current is NOT Known?

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Input Voltage DPM Switch-Mode Battery Charger

Q1 VBUS

+- Control

Loops

A2

Q2

BATVREF

ISYS

VIN

ICHG

+

-VINDPM

Q3

Q4

If VIN < VINDPM:

Reduce Duty Cycle Reduce ICHG Reduce IIN Allows VIN to recover back to VINDPM level

Automatically Track Adapters Max Current.

Perfect for third party adapter

IIN

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I2C

Interface

bq24270/1 PowerPath 1.5A Switch-mode Charger

Optional

Discharge

FET

20V max, OVP @ 6.5V

Detect bad adapter

Input DPM

Power PathPower up with

Depleted Battery

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`

`

SW

SYS

BAT

TS

VDRVPGND

PMIDU

USB

SDA

SCL

INT

BOOT

HOST

VSYS

PMIDI

IN

System

Load

TEMPPACK+

PACK-

D+

D-

VBUS

D+

D-

GND

ADAPTER

BGATE

bq24160

I2C Interface

bq24160 Dual-Input, DPM, Switching Charger

Up to 3A load in

supplement mode

or higher (~ 5A) w/

external FET

Optional for high current

discharge capability

ICHG = 2.5A MAX

20V max, 6.5V OVP

20V Max, 10.5V OVP

Detect bad adapter

Input DPM

Power Path

Dual Input

Power up with

Depleted Battery

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Boost from Battery

(OTG)

bq24190 (with OTG/1.2A) 4A Tablet Charger

VBUS

PMID

D+

D-

STAT

SDA

SCL

INTOTG

/CE

SW

BOOT

REGN

PGND

SYS

BAT

ILIM

TS1

TS2

Q1 Q2

Q3

VREF

Q4

SYS: 3.4V-4.4V

Host

Support DC Adaptor, USB2.0 and

USB 3.0 up to 3A

Input Current Setting

I2C Interface

Up to 4A Charge Current and

6A Discharge Current

REGN

USB On-The-Go

Default USB Current

4x4mm^2 QFN-24Pin Package

REGN

Dual battery Pack

Thermistor Monitoring

Thermal

PAD

Integration of power

path and switching

MOSFETsUSB

D+/D- Detection

Input3.9V 17V

10mohm

Detect bad adapter

Input DPM

Power Path

High current for PAD

Power up with

Depleted Battery

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Ultrabook

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Notebook/Ultrabook Charger Roadmap

SMBus Interface

3.5x3.5 QFN-20

750kHz; DPM

One comparator

bq24725

SMBus Interface

3.5x3.5 QFN-20750kHz,

DPM, Selector

All 5-N-MOSFETs

bq24707/726

SMBus

with

Selector

SMBusWithout

Selector

SMBus

with

Integrated

MOSFETs

SMBus, 5x5 QFN-40

6A iFETs/19.5V input

Intel Turbo Mode

1-4 Cells; 750kHz

bq24735/38

Intel Turbo Mode

Air Mode (bq24738)Pin-Pin bq24725A

DPM, selector

All 5 N-FETs

Production Development Definition

bq24765

SMBus Interface,

Monolithic 6A FETs

Thermal Regulation700kHz; 3.5x7 QFN-34

bq24737/727

SMBus Interface

Turbo Mode (bq24737)

One comparator

Pin- Pin with bq24707A

bq24736

SMBus Interface

Intel Turbo Mode

Air Mode

Pin- Pin with bq24726

bq24707A

SMBus

One comparator

1ms ACOK delay

bq24725A/728

SMBus Interface

Pin-Pin bq24725Air Mode: bq24728

DPM, selector

All 5 N-FETs

15

bqULTROLLER

bq24715

SMBus Interface

3.5x3.5 QFN-20NVDC-1;

2-3cells: bq24715

3-4 Cells: bq24717

Pin-Pin bq24735/725A

Sample: May 15, 2012

bq24760

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How to Support Turbo Mode?

Need to support peak system power = 2X adapter power

Solutions: Higher power rating adapter (not feasible)

Turbo boost charger as in bq2473x for NB

NVDC-1 charger (bq24715) for Ultrabook

Intel Recommendation:

Haswell VR12.5 CRB: bq24735

Haswell VR12.6: NVDC Charger

16

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11/23/2012-

Turbo Boost and NVDC Charger Power Flow

System Load

Buck/Boost

Q1

Q3

Q2Adapter RAC 10m

Battery

Pack

C1

0.1F

Buck

Q1 Q2Adapter RAC 10m

Battery

Pack

C1

0.1

F

Q3

Direct power path for system load

Reverse Boost for battery discharge

Buck for system load

Direct power path for battery discharge

Turbo Boost

System Load

NVDC-1

45W

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NVDC-1 Charger Benefits and Challenges

Benefits

Minimum number ofoutput cap in Vcore Lower system bus voltage

higher fs of 1MHz; smaller Vcore size

Improved efficiency in

Vcore

Lower Rdson and Qg with 20V FETs than 30V FETs

Possible Battery mode

efficiency improvement

Lower Rdson and Qg of 20V FET, but increases loss due to charge

current Rsense

ChallengesCharger size and cost

increases

Higher inductor and FETs current rating.

Energy star Light load efficiency; PFM; lower Iq

Input Current DPM

transient

Overloading adapter. Fast DPM transient response

Output voltage transientresponse @ no battery

Need to have fast output voltage transient response between DCMand CCM

18

b 24715 NVDC 1 Ch C t ll ith NMOS AC S l t

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bq24715: NVDC-1 Charge Controller with NMOS AC Selectorand Adapter/Discharge Current Monitoring

NVDC-1 charge controller with NMOS AC Selector with 6-24V input

System instant on with minimum system voltage for deeply discharged battery

Automatic supplement mode with BATFET Ultra-Low Quiescent current

Support 2-3S battery pack: bq24715 (Sample in June 6th)

Support 3-4S battery pack: bq24717 (Sample in August)

Accuracy

0.5% battery accuracy with 16mV step3% current accuracy with 64mA step (10mohm)

2% input current and battery discharge current monitoring accuracy

600kHz, 800kHz, and 1MHz operation (SMBus programmable)

PFM at light load to improve efficiency

Ultrafast DPM transient response Programmable Adapter or Battery Discharge current outputs for CPU Throttling

SMBus up to 400kHz (I2C friendly)

Pin-Pin Compatible with the bq24725A/bq24735/737

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TI Confidential NDA Restr ict ion s 20

REGN

BTST

HIDRV

PHASE

LODRV

GND

SRP

SRN

BATDRV

Q5

L : 3.3uH

SYSTEM LOAD

C10

10Fx2Rsns

10m

R1

866k

R2

133k

C3

0.1F

C6

10Fx2

VCC

Q4

Q2

C8

47nF

AdapterRAC 10m

BatteryPack

C9

0.1F

C7:1F

HOST Dig I/O

SMBus

+3.3VR9

10k

ACNACP

CMSRC

ACDRV

ACDET

SDA

SCLACOK

IOUT

CELL

D1

R7

10

C51F

R8

10kR10

10k

Q3

R18: 4k

C4

0.1FC2

0.1FR3

4k

C1

0.1

F

R4

4k

C11

100pF

A/D

bq24715

bq24715 bqUltroller) NVDC-1 Charger

Q1

Opt

Float: 2cell

High (REGN): 3cell

C12

2x100uF

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Battery Monitor &

Gauging

Wh i F l G i T h l ?

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What is Fuel Gauging Technology?

Fuel Gauging = technology to predict battery capacity

under all system active and inactive conditions.

Its key benefit is dramatic extended RUN TIME !

The Gas Gauge IC autonomously calculate and report:

Remaining Battery capacity information

Percentage

time to empty/full

milliamp-hours

Watt-hours

talk time, idle time, etc.

Battery health and safety diagnostics information

State of Health,

Full Charge Capacity, temperature

Run Time 6:27

63%

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23

Increasing expectations

bars percentTime-to-Empty

42%1:27 hr

remaining

G i

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GaugingHow is it implemented

Bat tery Pack

PACK-

ProtectionIC

CHG

DSG

Temp

Sense

BAT_GD

Current

Sense

I2C

T

PACK+

VoltageSense

BatteryLow

FETs

Gas

Gauge(bq27520)

Host CPU

or

Power

Management

Controller

LDOREGIN

VCC

DATA

SOC_INT

CE

Host System

System-side

Host-s ide

Bat tery Pack

PACK-

ProtectionIC

PACK+

TSGasGauge

(bq27541)

LDO REG25REGIN

Vcc

SRP

SRN

SE

BAT

Vss

HDQ

Host CPUor

PowerManagement

Controller

Host System

Pack-side

24

Bq27541

bq28z560

Bq27520

Bq27425

bq27421

G i

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EDV will be reachedearlier for higher

discharge current.

Useable capacity Quse < Qmax

RBATOCV

+ -I

+ -V = OCV - I*RBAT

GaugingUseable Capacity QUSE

Qmax

Quse

4.2

3.6

3.0

2.4

BatteryVoltage(V)

Open Circuit Voltage (OCV)

EDV

Qmax

IRBAT

Quse

Cell voltage under load

25

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Real-life Gauging Task

26

1. Highly pulsating current

2. Highly variable battery

voltage3. TIs bq27xxx fuel gauge

delivers superb

performance in this

GSM phone user case

4. Stay within 1% error

near battery empty

True vs reported RSOC

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 12000

20

40

60

80

100

3200

3400

3600

3800

4000

4200

true remaining capacity

SMB remaining capacity

Voltage

true remaining capacity

SMB remaining capacity

Voltage

Time (s)

RSOC(%)

Voltage(mV)

True vs reported RSOC

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000 1100 12000

20

40

60

80

100

500

400

300

200

100

0

true remaining capacity

SMB remaining ca pacity

Current

true remaining capacity

SMB remaining ca pacity

Current

Time (s)

RSOC(%)

Current(mA)

G i

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GaugingTypes of Gauging Algorithms

27

Cell Voltage Measurement Measures cell voltage Advantage: Simple

Not accurate over load conditions

Coulomb Counting Measures and integrates current over time

Affected by cell impedance

Affected by cell self discharge Standby current

CellAging

Must have full to empty learning cycles

Must develop cell models that will vary with

cell maker

Can count the charge leaving the battery,

but wont know remaining charge withoutcomplex models

Models will become less accurate with age

Impedance Track Directly measures effect of

discharge rate, temp, age and otherfactors by learning cell impedance

Calculates effect on remainingcapacity and full charge capacity

No learning cycles needed

No host algorithms or calculations

TI Di t F l G PMU I t t d

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TI Discrete Fuel Gauge vs PMU - Integrated

Coulomb CounterTI Fuel Gauge PMU Integrated coulomb

counter

Remaining

Capacity

Automatically Computed Requires host side algorithm and

extensive battery modeling

Run Time to

Empty

Automatically Computed Requires host side algorithm

Compensat ion

for current

Yes Generally not known

Compensat ion

for temperature

Yes Generally not known

Compensat ion

for age

Yes Design with Conservative

approach, hidden unused capacity

Accuracy ov er

age

Stay high accuracy resistance isbeing learned during usage

No, because algorithm is non-

adaptive

Run Time

Increase

Extended run time highaccuracy so no need forconservative design

No

TI Conf ident ial - NDA Restr ict ions

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Wireless Charging

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Charge Qi Devices Wherever Your Day Takes You

30

Wi l P C ti (WPC)

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Wireless Power Consortium (WPC)

Industry wide standard for delivering wireless

power up to 5W

Aimed to enable interoperability between

various charging pads and portabledevices

Standard continues to gain traction with

increasing list of members (105+)

Compatible devices will be marked with a Qi

logo

31

and more

http://www.belkin.com/http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://cdn2.benzinga.com/files/best_buy.png&imgrefurl=http://www.benzinga.com/trading-ideas/short-ideas/11/03/900840/best-buy-is-a-broken-stock-bby-wmt-amzn&usg=__uIFxvZas4C8IhM0yY7ycwDgE1RI=&h=551&w=800&sz=52&hl=en&start=11&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=sCo_DVyj7x89mM:&tbnh=98&tbnw=143&prev=/search?q=best+buy&hl=en&newwindow=1&safe=active&sa=X&rls=com.microsoft:*&biw=1659&bih=845&tbm=isch&prmd=ivnscum&ei=GNM6ToLPMaT20gGXspTBAw

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Qi Devices Announced in the Market

LG Charging Pad

Sengfeis Phone & Charging Pad

Mobile Products released with TI Wireless

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Mobile Products released with TI Wireless

Power Solutions Accessories

DROID INCREDIBLE 2 by

HTC

HTCRezound ThunderBolt by HTC Revolution by LG

DROID 3 by Motoro la DROID CHARGE by

Samsung

DROID BIONIC by

Motoro la

DROID by Motoro la

PantechBreakout LTE Wireless

Charging Pad

by LG

33

I d ti P S t O i

http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5642&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/droid-bionic.shtmlhttp://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/controller?action=viewPhoneDetail&item=phoneFirst&selectedPhoneId=5730http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5676&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/droid-bionic.shtmlhttp://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5642&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5676&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5659&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5605&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5723&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605http://www.verizonwireless.com/b2c/store/accessory?action=selectPhone&phoneId=5641&archetypeId=12659&accessoryId=47605

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Inductive Power System Overview

AC to

DC

Voltage

Conditioning

Communication

and Control

RectificationDriversSystemLoad /

Battery

Power

Transm itter Receiver

Communication / Feedback

5V

Controller V/I

SNS

http://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.clker.com/cliparts/5/7/d/e/12236153911000423050rsamurti_RSA_IEC_Transformer_Symbol-2.svg.thumb.png&imgrefurl=http://www.clker.com/clipart-13099.html&usg=__jL517cysJqZXpvzBaRXqZCij-Lo=&h=79&w=100&sz=2&hl=en&start=24&zoom=1&itbs=1&tbnid=gHrIXw1kLxlrWM:&tbnh=65&tbnw=82&prev=/images?q=transformer+electrical+symbol&start=21&hl=en&safe=active&sa=N&rls=com.microsoft:*&ndsp=21&tbs=isch:1&ei=NPFaTarBIYKglAfdkL2-Cw

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bq50k + bq51K: Qi-Compliant Solution

Qi Intelligent Control of

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Qi: Intelligent Control of

Inductively Coupled Power Transfer

Power transmitted through sharedmagnetic field Transmit coil creates magnetic field

Magnetic field induces current in receiver coil

Shielding material below TX and above RX coils

Power transferred only when needed

Transmitter waits until its field has been perturbed Transmitter sends seek energy and waits for a digital

response

If response is valid, power transfer begins

Power transferred only at level needed Receiver constantly monitors power received and

delivered Transmitter adjusts power sent based on receiver

feedback

If feedback is lost, power transfer stops

I

z < D

D

F t Aff ti C li Effi i

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40% at 1 diameter

1% at 2.5 diameter

0.1% at 4 diameters

0.01% at 6 diameters

Optimal operating distance

Factors Affecting Coupling Efficiency

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S it hi F V i ti

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Switching Frequency Variation

System operates nearresonance for improved

efficiency.

Power control by changing

the frequency, moving along

the resonance curve.

Modulation using the power

transfer coils establishes the

communications.

Feedback is transferred to

the primary as error. 80 KHz 100 KHz 120 KHz

Operating Point

WPC i 1 0 TX d i f d

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Free Positioning (Coil Array)

Free Positioning

(Moving Coil)

WPC version 1.0 TX design freedom

23 November 2012

Free Positioning (Coil Array)

Guided Positioning(Magnetic Attraction)

M

x

y

Tactical feedback or free positioning

Alignment or selection of coils

Activation after detection

A

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bqTESLA EVMs

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bqTESLA EVMsbqTESLA Evaluat ion Modules

bq51013EVM-725

New

Qi compliant coil used w/ EVM kit

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Qi-compliant coil used w/ EVM kit

40-mm x 30-mm x 0.75-mm

WPC Comp liant Receiver Coi l

WPC Comp l iant Transm it ter Coi l

b 51013 f f t d PCB

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bq51013 form factor demo PCB (PR1041)

5 x 15 mm footprint forall RX side circuitry

Represents what an OEM would design into their actual end-product to

enable wireless power from a QI-compliant charging pad.

bqTESLA Portfolio of

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bqTESLA Portfolio of

Wireless Power Solutions Easily Integrate Wireless Charging

into Portable Electronics

TI Wireless Power Devices are Qi

Compliant!

Example Appl icat ions Phones, Tablets, E-readers

Remote controls

Digital cameras (still and video)

Medical equipment

Power tools and flashlights

MP3 players

Toothbrushes

Global positioning devices

Automotive accessories

46

Shown here:

Media Tablet Wirelessly Charging with

Texas Instruments bqTESLA Wireless

Power Solut ions

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Wireless Charging Options

Lowest Cost(Single Coil)

Free Positioning(Coil Array)

19Vin

Half Bridge Drive

Magnet

18x18 Area

WPC A1 Type

bq500210

Released Now

5Vin

Full Bridge Drive

Magnet

18x18 Area

WPC A5 Type

bq500211

Released 2Q12

12Vin (or 5V w/ Boost)

Half Bridge Drive

No Magnet

70x20 Area

WPC A6 Type

bq500410

To be released 3Q12

TI Wireless Power Forum

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TI Wireless Power Forum

& Wireless Power Web Page

TI E2E Community-Wireless Power

http://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspx External Forumavailable for

entire engineering community

Ground Rules

Keep the questions technical in nature,

good question your peers can benefit

from at a later date.

One question per-post to make it

easer to search.

Place P/N in Topic with description

of question again to make it easier to search.

Do not ask pricing or deliver questions

TI Wireless Power Web Page http://www.ti.com/wirelesspower

For technical specs & tutorials:

http://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspxhttp://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspxhttp://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspxhttp://e2e.ti.com/support/power_management/wireless_power/default.aspx

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For technical specs & tutorials:http://www.wirelesspowerconsortium.com

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Thank You !