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;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf cbfntsf cfb]z adf]lhd k|x/Ln] ;fIfL ujfxnfO{ tf]lsPsf]

lbgdf pkl:yt u/fpg g;s]sf] cj:yfdf pkl:yt u/fpg g;Sgfsf] d'gfl;a sf/0f vf]nL

d'r'Nsf v8f u/L ;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nodf k7fpg'kg]{ / ;/sf/L jsLnn] d'r'Nsf ;d]t

;+nUg /fvL k'gM pkl:yt u/fpg] ;do dfu u/L cg'/f]w u/]df cbfntn] cfb]z lbg ;Sg]

pQm lgodfjnLsf] lgod !%-@_ df ePsf] Joj:yfaf6 ;d]t ;fIfL ujfxsf] nuftf/

;'g'jfO{df sfg"gsf] åGå -Conflict of law_ ljBdfg /x]sf] sf/0f nuftf/ sf/jfxL /

;'g'jfO{sf] sfof{Gjogdf sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fIfLsf] pkl:ytL, ;f]wk'5, lh/x

nufotsf k|rlnt sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;f/e"t / sfo{ljlwut Joj:yf kfng;Fu}

ckjfbfTds cj:yfdf dfq nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ x'g ;Sg] cj:yfdf ;f] sfg"gL

Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjogdf ;xhtf cfpg g;s]sf] x'Fbf ckjfbsf] ?kdf nfu" ug{ ;lsg] sfg"gL

Joj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf h:tf] nfu" ug]{ u/L dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g'kg]{

cj:yf b]lv+b}g . sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf sfo{ljlw kfng / k'/f gu/L xtf/df Gofo ;Dkfbg

ug{ ;lsb}g . l56f], 5l/tf] / ;j{;'ne Gofosf] cfsf+Iff Gofosf k|To]s pkef]Qmfsf] /x]sf]

x'G5 . kLl8tnfO{ Gofo / bf]ifLnfO{ sfg"gadf]lhdsf] ;hfo lbnfpg' kmf}hbf/L Gofosf] p2]Zo

ePsf]n] kmf}hbf/L Gofosf cjojx?sf] ;lqmo ;xof]ulagf of] p2]Zo xfl;n ug{ sl7g x'G5 .

;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ;fIfLsf] klxrfg, ;+/If0f / k|f]T;fxg gx'Fbf ;fIfL ujfxdf bjfj

/ k|efjsf] cj:yf ;d]t b]vf kg]{ u/]sf] 5 . ;fIfL ujfxnfO{ of] cj:yfaf6 d'Qm /fvL ;fIfL

k|df0fsf] k|:t'ltdf ;d'lrt Wofg lbg ;s]df ljz]if cj:yfdf ckjfbsf] ?kdf ckgfpg

vf]lhPsf] nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] sfof{Gjog ug{ sl7g x'Fb}g . tyflk ;fIfL k|df0fsf]

k|:t'lt / nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{df ljBdfg sfg"gL k|lqmof k'/f ug'{kg]{ x'Fbf ;f] k|lqmof k'/f ePdf

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ug{df cbfntsf] thljhL clwsf/df s'g} aGb]h /xFb}g .

lgj]bsn] k|:t't ug'{ ePsf sf7df8f}+ lhNnf cbfnt / l;Gw'kfNrf]s lhNnf cbfntaf6

km};nf ePsf d'2fdf sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] sfo{ljlw / k|lqmof k'/f ug'{kg]{ ePsf] sf/0f

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] sfof{Gjog geP klg ljz]if / ckjfbsf] ?kdf /x]sf] sfg"gL

Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug{ dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no k|ltj4 5 . ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L

d'2fdWo] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] glod @# u -!_ df pNn]v eP adf]lhd

lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL $v df plNnlvt d'2fdf ;f]xL lgodfjnLsf] lgod @#u -@_ adf]lhd

cbfntn] tf]s]sf] lbgdf ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf ;fIfL ujfx cbfnt;dIf askqsf]

nflu k|:t't ug]{ sfo{df ;/sf/L jlsn sfof{nox? k|ltj4 5g\ . o; sfof{no / dftxtsf

;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nox? cbfntaf6 ePsf cfb]z sfof{Gjog u/L kmf}hbf/L Gofo

k|zf;gdf ;'wf/ ug{ / ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf ;fIfL ujfx ;dod} k|:t't u/L GofoLs

sfo{df ;xof]u ug{ bQlrQ /x]sf]n] lgj]bssf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L ug'{kg]{ cj:yf

gx'Fbf l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpg ;Ddflgt cbftn;dIf ;fb/ cg'/f]w ub{5' .

% ljkIfL sfg"g, Gofo, ;+ljwfg;ef tyf ;+;bLo dfldnf dGqfnosf] tkm{af6 k|:t't ePsf]

lnlvthjfkm .

o; dGqfnosf] s] s:tf] sfd sf/jfxLaf6 lgj]bssf] xs clwsf/df cf3ft k'u]sf] xf]

l/6 lgj]bgdf k|i6;Fu pNn]v 5}g . lagf cfwf/ / sf/0f o; dGqfno ;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{

bfo/ ePsf] l/6 lgj]bg lg/y{s 5 . g]kfnsf] cGtl/d ;+ljwfg, @)^# sf] wf/f !)) n]

g]kfnsf] Gofo ;DaGwL clwsf/ ;f] ;+ljwfg / cGo sfg"g tyf Gofosf dfGo l;4fGt cg';f/

cbfnt tyf Goflos lgsfox?af6 k|of]u ul/g] Joj:yf ePsf] Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf]

bkmf #! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u u/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] agfPsf] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL,

@)%@ / ;f] lgodfjnLsf] lgod !)* n] ;f] lgodfjnLdf n]lvPsf] s'/fdf ;f]xL lgodfjnL

ad]flhd / ;f] b]lv afx]s c? cfGtl/s sfo{ljlw cbfnt cfkm}n] Jojl:yt ug{ ;Sg] sfg"gL

Joj:yf u/]sf] x'Fbf ;f] lgodfjnLsf] lgod @#u= df ePsf] d'2fdf nuftf/ sf/jfxL /

;'g'jfO{ ul/g] Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjog ;DalGwt lgsfosf] ;xof]u / ;dGjodf ;Ddflgt

cbfntaf6 x'g] ljifo ePsf]n] l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h efuL x'Fbf vf/]h u/LkfpmF .

^= k|x/L k|wfg sfof{no, gS;fnsf] tkm{af6 k|:t't x'g cfPsf] lnlvthjfkm .

ljkIfLsf] d"n bfjL g} lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lgod @#u= sf] ;d'lrt k|of]u lhNnf

cbfntx?af6 x'g] u/]sf] 5}g eGg] /x]sf] 5 ;f] s'/f ;DalGwt d'2fx?df g} ;DalGwt

cbfntn] ljrf/ ug]{ s'/f ePsf] x'gfn] l/6 hf/L x'g' kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . ;fy} ;f] ljifodf

;d]t o; sfof{nosf] s'g} e"ldsf g/x]sf] / cfˆgf] l/6 lgj]bgdf ljkIfLn] o; sfof{noaf6

sfg"gL st{Jo kfngf u/]g eGg] ljifodf s'g} s'/f pNn]v u/]sf] ;d]t gkfObf o; sfof{no

;d]tnfO{ ljkIfL agfO{ bfo/ ePsf] pNn]lvt l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h u/L km';{b lbnfO{ kfpFm .

&= ljkIfL ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf /lhi6«f/af6 k|:t't ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

ljkIfLn] p7fP cg';f/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntnfO{ dftxtsf cbfntx?sf] sfd sf/jfxLnfO{

r':t / b'?:t agfpg] tyf ;du| Gofo k|zf;g Jojl:yt agfpg] clwsf/ / bfloTj /x]sf]

s'/fdf b'O{dt x'g ;Sb}g . o;sf] cy{ tNnf] cbfntn] ug]{ Goflos k|lqmofdf of] o;f] u/

eg]/ eGg ;xh x'Fb}g . lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod @#u= df ePsf]

Joj:yfdfM

-!_ o; lgodfjnLdf cGoq h'g;'s} s'/f n]lvPsf] ePtfklg cg';"rL $v adf]lhdsf d'2fx?

cbfntdf cleof]ukq k]z ePkl5 cleof]u nufOPsf ;a} k|ltjfbLx? pkl:yt u/fPsf]df

lghx?sf] aofg u/fO{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbPdf nuftf/ k|df0f kl/If0f ul/g]5 .

-@_ pklgod-!_ adf]lhdsf d'2fx? dWo] ;/sf/ jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf xsdf cbfntn]

tf]s]sf] lbgdf cleof]hgstf{n] ;d]t ;fIfL ujfx k]z ug'{kg{] 5 .

-#_ k|ltjfbLn] aofg ubf{ v'nfPsf ;fIfL k|df0fx? tTsfn} lghn] pkl:yt u/fpg jf k|df0f

k]z ug{ ;Sg] ePdf ;'g'jfO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{ k|df0f kl/If0f ul/g] 5 .

-$_ pklgod -!_ / -#_ ad]flhdsf] sfo{ljlw k'/f ePkl5 yk k|df0f kl/If0f ug{ cfjZos

geP cbfntn] tTsfn} lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg] 5 eGg] b]lvG5 . l/6 lgj]bsx?sf] bfjL plrt /

Gofo;+ut gePsf]n] k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg vf/]h ul/kfpFm eGg] ;d]t Joxf]/fsf] ;jf]{Rr

cbfntsf /lhi6«f/af6 k|:t't ePsf] lnlvt hjfkm .

*= lgj]bs Pj+ ljkIfL tkm{sf sfg"g Joj;foLx?sf] ax; lhsL/ M

lgodadf]lhd d'2f k]zL ;"rLdf r9L k]z x'g cfPsf] k|:t't d'2fdf lgj]bstkm{af6

pkl:yt ljåfg clwjQmfx? dL/f 9'+ufgf / ;'ifdf uf}tdn] ;/sf/jfbL x'g] hj/h:tL s/0fL,

dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/, 3/]n' lx+;f, ckx/0f tyf z/L/ aGws h:tf uDeL/ /

dfgjtf lj/f]wL d'2fdf lz3| ;'g'jfO{ h?/L 5 . o;sf] nflu lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@

sf] lgod @# u df nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ul/g] sfg'gL Joj:yf nfu" ePklg ;f] Joj:yf

k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjogdf cfPsf] 5}g . of] Joj:yf nfu" ug{ ;jf]{Rr cbfnt k|zf;g klg

ulDe/ aGg ;s]sf] 5}g . h;sf] sf/0f lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf lgik|of]hg l;4 x'g uPsf] 5 .

ulDe/ / dfgjtf lj/f]wL ck/fwx?df ;fIfLsf] ;+/If0f gx'gfn] ;fIfL kl/If0f plrt ;dodf

x'g ;s]sf] kfOb}g . of] g} ;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2f c;kmn x'gfsf] k|d'v sf/0f dflgG5 .

lgodfjnLsf] of] Joj:yfn] kLl8tn] lz3| Gofo kfpg]df ljZjf; ug{ ;lsG5 . k|ltjfbLn] klg

clGtd ;'g'jfO{af6 ;kmfO{ kfpg] ePdf nfdf] ;do;Dd cleof]u sfod /x]sf] sf/0faf6

ef]Ug'kg]{ c;'ljwfaf6 kmfO{bf lng ;Sg] x'G5 . To;}n] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLn] tf]s]sf

plNnlvt d'2fx?df cg';Gwfgs} qm|ddf ;Dej eP;Dd k|ltjfbLnfO{ d'Qm ug]{ u/fpg] b]lv

lnP/ d'2f k]z x'gf;fy} kLl8t Pj+ hfx]/jfnf nufPtsf ;/sf/L ujfxx? ;d]tnfO{ k]z ug'{

u/fpg' elg lhNnf k|x/L sfof{nox?nfO{ cfjZos lgb]{zg lbg" egL u[x dGqfno Pj+ k|x/L

k|wfg sfof{nosf gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . cg';Gwfg clws[t;Fu ;dod} ;dGjo

sfod u/L cleof]u k]z x'gf;fy} ;fIfLx?sf] askq u/fpg] Joj:yf ldnfpg dftxtsf

;/sf/L jsLn sfof{nonfO{ lgb]{zg ug"{ egL dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{nosf gfddf ;d]t

k/dfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm . plNnlvt d'2fx?df nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ x'gsf] nflu cfjZos ;+oGq

;d]t lgdf{0f u/L lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf lz3| sfof{Gjogdf NofO{ cg'udg ;d]t ug'{ egL

;jf]{Rr cbfnt k|zf;gsf] gfddf ;d]t k/dfb]z hf/L u/LkfpFm eGg] ;d]tsf] ax; lhsL/

k|:t't ug'{ eof] .

ljkIfL g]kfn ;/sf/sf lgsfox?sf] tkm{af6 pkl:yt ljåfg pkGofoflwjQmf >L vu/fh

kf}8]nn] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] lg/Gt/ ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|d'v bfloTj

eg]sf] ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfnts} x'G5 . plNnlvt Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgdf afwf kfg]{

ul/ s'g} klg ;/sf/L lgsfox?n] s'g} sfo{ u/]sf 5}gg\ . nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ egL ;DalGwt

lhNnf cbfntn] cfb]z u/]df pQm Joj:yf :jtM g} sfof{Gjogdf cfpg] s'/f k|i6 g} 5 .

ljkIfL agfOPsf g]kfn ;/sf/sf sfof{nox?n] sfg"g adf]lhdsf] cf–cfˆgf] st{Jo k'/f u/L

g} /x]sf 5g\ / nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] plNnlvt Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjogdf s'g} afwf lj/f]w

gu/]sf] cj:yf x'bf dfuadf]lhd k/dfb]z hf/L ug'{ kg]{ cj:yf 5}g . k|:t't l/6 lgj]bg

vf/]h ul/kfpF eGg] ;d]tsf] ax; k|:t't ug'{ eof] .

(= o; cbfntsf] cfb]z M

OG;fkmsf] /f]xdf ldl;n tyf ;f] ;+nUg k|df0f sfuhx?sf] cWoog u/L x]bf{, lga]bsn]

d"ntM lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] lgod @#u‍= df hj/h:tL s/0fL, dfgj

a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/, 3/]n' lx+;f, ckx/0f tyf z/L/ aGws nufotsf d'2fdf lgoldt

;'g'jfO{ x'g] Joj:yf ldlt @)^&.$.# af6} nfu" e} ;s]sf] cj:yfdf klg ;DalGwt lhNnf

cbfntx?n] cem} ;Dd pQm Joj:yfnfO{ sfof{Gjogdf NofPsf 5}gg . :jo+ ;jf]{Rr

cbfntaf6 ;d]t o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf Wofg k'Ug ;s]sf] 5}g . To;}u/L o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf

;/sf/L jlsnsf ;fy} k|x/L sfof{nox?sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g] x'Fbf

oL ;a} ljkIfLx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo x'g] u/L lhNnf cbfntx?df cfjZos ;+oGq

;d]tsf] u7g u/L nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] pQm Joj:yfnfO{

sfof{Gjog ug'{ u/fpg' egL ljkIfLx?sf] gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/kfpFm elg d'Vo

lgj]bg bfjL lnPsf]] b]lvG5 . l/6 lgj]bg dfu bfjLsf] v08g :j?k ljkIfLx?af6 cfPsf]

lnlvt hjfkm Joxf]/fdf lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] plNnlvt Joj:yf sfof{Gjogdf

gNofpg'df cfkm"x?sf] s'g} klg e"ldsf 5}g / ;DalGwt lhNnf cbfnt :jo+n] ;s[otf

b]vfPsf] v08df pQm Joj:yf :jtM sfof{Gjog x'g]df ;d]t s'g} låljwf gePsf] x'Fbf

k/dfb]z hf/L ug{ kg]{ cj:yf g/x]sf] eGg] cfzosf] Joxf]/f pNn]v ePsf] b]lvG5 .

plNnlvt ax; lhls/x?sf] dgg\ ;fy} l/6 lgj]bg lhls/, ljkIfLx?af6 k|:t't x'g

cfPsf lnlvt hjfkm;d]tsf] ldl;n;+nUg sfuh k|df0fx?sf] cWoog kZrft b]xfosf

k|Zgx?sf] ;DaGwdf Goflos lg/f]k0f x'g'kg]{ b]lvg cfof] .

-!_ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ df ePsf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgaf6 yk ul/Psf] lgod

@#u=sf] nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfsf] k|of]u clgjfo{ ?kdf

ug'{kg]{ xf] jf xf]O{g <

-@_ ;f] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf] nfuL lhNnf

cbfntx?df s'g} lsl;dsf] ;+oGqsf] lgdf{0f ug{ h?/L 5 jf 5}g <

-#_ nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ x'g] elg lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]lwg ul/ yk

ul/Psf] cg';"rL $v df tf]lsPsf d'2fx?sf] sf/jfxL Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L

agfpgsf] nfuL d'2f Joj:yfkgsf] ;Gbe{df;d]t s'g} ;'wf/sf] cfjZostf 5 jf

5}g <

-$_ lgj]bsx?sf] dfuadf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf] xf]O{g < dfuadf]lhdsf]

cfb]z hf/L x'g] eP s'g s'g lgsfosf] gfpFdf s] s:tf] cfb]z hf/L x'g' kg]{ xf] <

;j{k|yd lg0f{osf] nflu lgwf{l/t klxnf] k|Zgsf] ;DaGwdf larf/ u/f}+ . lga]bsn] vf;

u/L lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgn] yk ePsf] lgod @#u‍=df ePsf]

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL sfg"gL Aoa:yfsf] lhNnf cbfntx?af6 k|efjsf/L

sfof{Gjog gePsf]n] ;f] Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/fpgsf] nflu k/dfb]z

nufotsf] pko'Qm cfb]z ljkIfLx?sf gfddf hf/L ul/kfpmF eGg] dfubfjL lnO{ k|:t't l/6

lga]bg bfo/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ df ldlt @)^&.)$.)# df ePsf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgn] lgod

@#u=yk u/L ;+lug / uxg lsl;dsf s]xL kmf}Hbf/L d'2fdf nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{

ul/g] Joj:yfnfO{ c+lusf/ u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f] Joj:yf t'?Gt} nfu' ePsf];d]t b]lvG5 . pQm

;+zf]wgn] cg';"rL $v= ;d]t yk ul/ nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ul/g] d'2fx?sf] ;'rL;d]t

tf]s]sf] b]lvG5 . pQm ;"rLdf ckx/0f tyf zl// aGws, cfunflu, 3/]n' lx+;f ;DaGwL, ;a}

k|sf/sf] rf]/L, ha/h:tL s/0fL, hLp df:g] a]Rg], 7uL, dfgj j]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/,

nfu" cf}ifw d'2fx? tf]lsPsf] / ;jf]{Rr cbfntn] g]kfn /fhkqdf ;"rgf k|sfzg u/L tf]s]sf

d'2fx?df;d]t nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ul/g ;Sg] ul/ ;f] Joj:yfsf] bfo/fnfO{ cem}

km/flsnf] agfPsf] b]lvG5 . plNnlvt d'2fx?df ;w} hf]lvdo'Qm cj:yfdf /xg] dlxnf

Pjd\ ;dfhsf l;dfGts[t ju{x? g} a9L dfqfdf kLl8t aGg] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . o:tf kLl8t

ju{sf] Gofo;Ddsf] kx'FrnfO{ ;xh t'Nofpg /fHosf] e"ldsf cem a9L /rgfTds / ;xof]uL

aGg' kg]{ b]lvG5 . ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf b[li6n];d]t uxg lsl;dsf kmf}Hbf/L d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{

k|s[ofnfO{ cg'lrt ?kdf nlDag glbO{ kLl8t Pjd\ k|ltjfbL :jo+nfO{ ;d]t Gofosf] cg'e"lt

lbnfpgsf] nfuL d'2fdf nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ u/]/ Goflos lgZsif{df k'Ug'kg]{ x'G5 . ;/sf/jfbL

x'g] ulDe/vfnsf kmf}Hbf/L d'2fx?sf] ;'g'jfO{ k|s[of nfdf] / ljnDjsf/L ePsf] sf/0f

cbfntdf d'2f bfo/ ePkl5 kf|/lDes ;'g'jfO{ -Pre–Trial_ ePsf] nfdf] cGt/fn kl5 dfq

;fIfLx?sf] kl/If0f x'g]] k|rng /x]sf] b]lvG5 . h;sf] sf/0f To:tf ;fIfLx? k|df0f d's//

ul/Psf ldlt;Dddf ljb]z uO{;Sg] jf ljjfx jf cGo s'g} sf/0fn] pkl:yt gx'g klg ;S5g\

. nfdf] cGt/fn kZrft ;fIfL kl/If0f ul/g] kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ ;fIfLx?nfO{ cfly{s k|nf]eg jf

8/,wfs, wlDs b]vfO{ k|lts"n x'g nufpg], df}sfdf jofg u/]sf] nfdf] cGt/fn kl5 dfq

cbfnt jofg jf askq u/fO{g] kl/kf6Ln] ubf{ d'2fdf lj/f]wfef;k"0f{ cleJolQm cfpg ;Sg]

eO{ yk k|df0f ;+sng / ;fIfL pkl:yt u/fpg;d]t sl7gfO{ x'g] u/]sf] b]lvG5 . nfdf]

;dosf] cGt/fndf ul/g] ;fIfL kl/If0f jf d'2fsf] cGo sf/jfxLdf ;DalGwt JolQmsf] :d/0f

zlQmn] klg ;d:of cfpg ;Sb5 . sltko d'2fdf df}sfdf ;fIfL k|df0fx? a'em\g g;lsbf

k|df0fx? gi6 x'g] ;Defjgf ;d]t /xg ;S5 . kmf}Hbf/L d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ k|s[of l;3| /

k|efjsf/L gePs} sf/0fn] jt{dfg kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;g b08lxgtf /f]Sg sdhf]/ aGb}

uPsf];d]t b]lvG5 . d'2fdf x'g] l9nf] ;'g'jfO{sf] sf/0f lgbf]{if JolQmn] ;kmfO{ lnO{ ;dfhdf

k'g:yf{lkt x'g / kLl8tn] k|fKt ug]{] /fxt nufotsf] Gofo k|fKt ug]{ dfu{ ;d]t clglZrt

aGb} uPsf] 5 .

;dfh / dfgjtf lj/f]wL s[ofsnfknfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf lgoGq0f ug{ g;lsP

gful/sx?sf] ;'/lIft eP/ afFRg kfpg] clwsf/ hlxn];'s} hf]lvddf kg{ ;Sg] x'G5 .

gful/sx?nfO{ ;'/lIft eP/ afFRg lbg] cj:yfsf] ;'lglZrttf k|bfg ug]{, ;dfhdf 36\g]

ck/flws ultljlwx?nfO{ k|efjsf/L tj/n] lgoGq0f ug]{, ck/flwx?nfO{ plrt b08 lbnfpg]

/ kLl8tsf] ;+/If0f ug]{ bfloTj /fHos} x'G5 . oLg} sf/0fn] ubf{ klg /fHon] ljleGg sfg"gL /

;+:yfut ;+oGqx?nfO{ lgdf{0f u/]/ kmf}Hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gnfO{ k|efjsf/L / e/f];fof]Uo

agfpg ckl/xfo{ x'G5 . log} cfjZostfnfO{ ;Daf]wg ug{sf] nflu nfdf] / em0eml6nf]

sfo{ljlwdf ;dofg's'n ;'wf/sf] ?kdf nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ;DalGw sfg'gL Joj:yf lgodfjnLdf

ul/ k|of]udf clgjfo{ ul/Psf] xf] .

Gofo l56f], sd vlr{nf] / ;'ne agfpgsf] nflu Gofo k|zf;gdf ;dofg's"n ;'wf/

afG5lgo x'G5 . b]jfgL / kmf}hbf/L b'j}sf] Gofo k|zf;gdf cf–cfˆg} dxTjk"0f{ / ljlzi6 :yfg

/x]sf] ePklg kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;g ;+rfngdf /fHo ;+oGqn] a9L g} ;+j]bgzLn x'g' kg]{

x'G5 . k/Dk/fut ck/fwx?sf] t'ngfdf jt{dfg ;dodf ljsl;t x'Fb} u/]sf ;+ul7t

ck/fwx?sf] lgoGq0fdf /fHosf] e"ldsf cem} a9L k|efjsf/L / /rgfTds x'g' kg]{ b]lvG5 .

;+ul7t ck/fw Ps >[ª\vnfj4 / Jofj;foLs ck/fwLx?sf] lu/f]xaf6 ul/g] ck/fw x'Fbf

o:tf ck/flws lu/f]x?åf/f 36fpg] ck/fwx?nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gdf

ljlzi6 / km/s 9+usf] ;'wf/ b]lvg h?/L x'G5 . o:tf ck/fwx?df kLl8t jf ;fIfL

nufotsf ;a'b k|df0fx?sf] ;'/Iff Pj+ ltgsf] k|efjsf/L kl/If0fsf] s'/f ;+j]bgzLn dflgg]

u5{ . obL d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ k|s[of cg'lrt ?kdf nfdf] ePdf o:tf Jofj;foLs ck/fwLx?n]

cfkm" la?4sf ;fIfL k|df0fnfO{ k|efljt t'NofO{ d'2fnfO{ c;kmn agfpg ;kmn x'g ;S5g .

dlxnf lx+;f ;DaGwL, ha/h:tL s/0fL, dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/, dflg;

ckx/0f, nfu" cf}ifw h:tf d'2fx?df ;+ul7t ck/flws lu/f]xx?sf] g} ;+nUgtf a9L /xg]

ub{5 . ;+ul7t ck/flws lu/f]xåf/f ;~rfng ul/g] o:tf cfk/flws s[ofsnfkx? cfw'lgs

o'usf] r'gf}tL ag]sf 5g\ . ;+ul7t ck/fw ;+rfng ug]{x?sf] ;+hfn s'g} /fli6«o ;Ldf leq

dfq} ;Lldt geO{ of] cGt/f{li6«o :t/;Dd} km}lnPsf] / o;sf] k5f8L ck/fwLx?sf] 7"nf]

;d"xn] sfd u/L /x]sf] x'G5 . logLx?;Fu /xg] k};f Pj+ u}/sfg"gL zlQmsf] sf/0fn] ;lhn}

;Fu kLl8t Pj+ hfx]/jfnf nufotsf ;fIfLx? k|efjdf kg{ ;Sb5g\ h;sf] kmn:j?k

kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gsf] dfu{ cj?4 x'g k'uL kmf}Hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gaf6 k|fKt ug{ vf]lhPsf]

nIosf] ;lx glthf cfpg g;Sg] vt/f /lx /xG5 .

;+ul7t ck/fw nufotsf d'2fdf ljBdfg h3Go kmf}hbf/L d'2fx? vf; u/]/

ck/fwx?af6 g} vf; JolQm jf ;d'bfo dfq} k|efljt x'g] ge} cGttM ;du| ;dfh / b]zfGt/

;Dd klg k|efljt x'g] cj:yf cfpF5 . Ps b]z jf k|fb]lzs If]qdf a;]/ cGo b]z jf

k|fb]lzs If]qsf hgtf lj?4 ;d]t ck/fw ug{ ;Sg] x'gfn] ;+ul7t ck/fwsf] cGt/fli6«o

cfofdx? ;d]t /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:tf] s;"/x?sf] ;'g'jfO{nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L

u/fpg] s'/f emg} ufx|f] s'/f x'G5 . sltko cj:yfdf Ps b]zsf] ;fIfL csf]{ b]zsf] cbfnt

;z/L/ pkl:yt u/fpg g;sL Goflos ;xof]u ;DaGwL ;Demf}tfsf] ;xof]u lnP/

cGt/b]zLo cbfntL ;+oGq pkof]u u/]/ b'/efif jf b'/ >Job[iosf] dfWodaf6 aofg askq

u/fpg kg]{ ;d]tsf] cj:yf /xG5 . vr{, ;do, ;'/Iff / Jojxfl/stf cflb sltko sf/0fn]

To:tf] ljsNk vf]Hg kg]{ cj:yf cfp5 .

;+ul7t ck/fwsf] s;"/bf/sf] vt/gfs k[i7e"ld, kLl8tsf] c;xfo / ;+j]bgzLn cj:yf,

kLl8tn] cbfntL k|s[ofdf ;xof]u u/] jfkt p7fpg kg]{ hf]vLdsf] k|s[lt / dfqf cflb

sf/0fn] kLl8t Pj+ ;fIfLx?sf] ljz]if ;+/If0f ug'{kg]{ cj:yf cfpF5 . ;fIfL ;+/If0fsf]

cfjZostf kl5Nnf lbg x?df olt la£g h?/L ePsf] 5 ls clxn] s]xL d'n'sx?n] ;+ul7t

ck/fwsf kLl8t ;fIfLnfO{ b]z leq dfq} geP/ b]z aflx/ cem dxfb]z g} s6fP/ klg cs}

gfd / kl/ro ;lxt eP klg lbP/ ljz]if ;+/If0f lbg] u/]sf] kfOG5 . oL s'/fx? Gofo

k|0ffnLdf cfPsf rfkx?sf] cTofw'lgs k|j[lQsf] ?kdf lng ;lsG5 . ljz]if ?kdf ;+/If0f

ul/Psf ;fIfLx?sf] askq h'g ?kdf ug]{ ePklg l56f] 5l/tf] ug'{kg]{ x'G5 . a9L ;do

nufP/ jf l9nf] u/L ul/Psf] ;fIfL askqn] u'0f:t/ / clwsfl/stf u'dfpg ;S5 / hf]vLd

a9fPsf] x'g ;S5 . o; cy{df klg Jojl:yt ?kdf nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ dfkm{t o:tf

k|Zgx?sf] ;Daf]wg ug'{ af~5gLo x'g cfp5 .

o:tf] vt/fnfO{ lgjf/0f ug{sf] nflu ulDe/ Pjd\ ;+lug dflgPsf plNnlvt lsl;dsf

d'2fx?df k/Dk/fut / ljnDjk"0f{ ;'g'jfO{ k|ls|ofnfO{ sfod /fvL /fVbf d'2fsf] sf/jfxL

cgfjZos ?kdf nlDag uO{ ck/flwx?nfO{ cleof]uaf6 5'6sf/f lng] ljleGg x/stx?sf]

of]hgf agfpg] ca;/ k|fKt x'g] x'G5 . cGttM bf]ifL lgbf]{if ;fljt x'g] / kLl8t emg kLl8t

x'g] vt/f alg/xg'sf ;fy} b08lxgtfn] ;d]t k|>o kfO{ /xg] x'G5 . log} r'gf}tL;Fu h'WfL

k|efjsf/L Gofo k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ df ;+zf]wg u/L lgod

@#u= / cg';"rL $v= yk ul/ nuftf/ sf/jfO{ / ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf / To:tf] Joj:yfdf

nfu" ul/g] d'2fx?sf] ;"rL tf]lsPsf] b]lvG5 .

kLl8tsf] b[li6sf]0faf6 g]kfnsf] jt{dfg kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;g kLl8t d}qL aGg ;s]sf]

b]lvb}g . kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg] sfg"gL ;+oGqx? ck'/f] / ckof{Kt /x]sf] ;Gbe{df nuftf/

;'g'jfO{ ;DalGw sfg'gL Joj:yfnfO{ o;sf] ;xof]uLsf] ?kdf x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . Goflos k|s[of

:jefj}}n] 5l/tf] x'g' kb{5 eg] kLl8tsf] ;Gbe{df x]g{] xf] eg] Tof] cem l56f] 5l/tf] /

k|efjsf/L x'g' kb{5 . s;'/bf/nfO{ b08 ;hfo lbnfpg] / kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ kmf}Hbf/L

Gofosf] p2]ZonfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{sf] nflu klg sfg'gdf o:tf] Joj:yf x'g cfj:os x'G5 .

xfdLn] cFufNb} cfPsf] kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLn] k|ltjfbLsf xs clwsf/x?sf] ;+/If0fsf]]

t'ngfdf kLl8tsf xs clwsf/x?sf] k|efjsf/L sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]/ ;+/If0f ug{ ;s]sf]

cj:yf b]lvb}g . o;} cfjZostfnfO{ k'/f ug{sf] nflu klg plNNlvt lsl;dsf] sfg'gL

Joj:yfsf] k|of]u d'2f ;'g'jfO{sf] qmddf clgjfo{ x'G5 . k|rlnt kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gn]

c+lusf/ u/]sf] d'2f ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yfdf ;dofg's'n kl/jt{g x'g g;sL k|efjsf/L x'g

g;s]sf] sf/0faf6 bf]ifLnfO{ ;hfo ug]{, kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbnfpg] / ;dfhnfO{ lge{otf k|bfg

ug]{ sfg'gL ;jfn r'gf}tLk"0f{ ag]sf]] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] r'gf}tLsf] ;fdgf ug{sf] nflu klg

nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf sfg'gdf x'g ckl/xfo{ x'g uPsf] b]lvG5 . o:tf] Joj:yf sfg'gdf

eP/ dfq d'2fsf kIfn] :jtM Gofo kfO{ xfNg ;Sb}gg\ . o;sf] nflu o:tf] Joj:yfsf]

k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ h?/L x'G5 . k|:t't ljjfbdf l/6 lgj]bssf] d'Vo rf;f] klg o;}

ljifodf s]lb|t /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

k|ltjfbL / kLl8t b'j}nfO{ kmf}hbf/L Gofo k|0ffnLk|lt ljZj:t t'Nofpgsf] nflu k/Dk/fut

?kdf k|of]u x'Fb} cfPsf] Gofo k|zf;gsf] nfdf] / em0eml6nf] sfo{ljlwdf ;dofg's'n ;'wf/

x'g h?/L x'G5 . b]jfgL d'2fx?df lnlvt ;a'b k|df0fx?s} k|wfGotf x'g] x'gfn] k|df0fx?sf]

;+/If0f cbfntaf6 kl5;Dd klg ug{ hlt ;xh x'G5 Tolt ;xh kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf k|of]u x'g]

;j't k|df0fsf] xsdf gx'g klg ;S5 . kmf}hbf/L d'2fdf lnlvt k|df0fsf] eGbf klg ef}lts

;j't k|df0fx?sf] k|wfgtf al9 /xg] / To:tf ;j't k|df0fx?sf] d'2fsf] ;kmntfsf] nlu nfdf]

;do;Dd ;+/If0f u/L/fVg sl7g x'g] x'G5 .

kmf}Hbf/L d'2fdf cbfntaf6 ga'lem gx'g] / ;/sf/L kIfn] pkl:yt u/fpg' kg]{ kLl8t

Pjd\ hfx]/jfnf nufPtsf ;/sf/L ;fIfL ujfxx?nfO{ cbfntn] oyf ;doleq} a'emL k|df0f

kl/If0f ug{ g;Sbf To:tf ;fIfLnfO{ kl5 cbfntn] rfx]/ klg a'‰g g;Sg] cj:yf cfpg

;S5 . obL a'‰g ;sLP klg ck/fwsf kLl8t Pjd\ hfx]/jfnf nufPtsf ;fIfL ujfxx?sf]

k|of{Kt ;'/Iff gePsf] xfd|f] h:tf] d'n'sdf ck/fw 36]sf] nfdf] ;dosf] cGt/fndf To:tf

;fIfL ujfxx?dfyL ljleGg lsl;dsf cg'lrt k|efj kg{ uO{ plgx? k|lts"n cleJolQm lbg

jfWo x'g ;S5g .

clwsf+;tM dlxnf, jfnjflnsf Pjd\ ;dfhsf ;LdfGts[t ju{x? a9L kLl8t x'g] ulDe/

lsl;dsf kmf}Hbf/L d'2fx?df xfn k|rlnt nfdf] lsl;dsf] ;'g'jfO{sf] ;§f nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{

ul/g] kl/kf6LnfO{ c+lusf/ ubf{ plgx?sf] Gofodf ;x'h kx'Fr k'Ug ;S5 . d'2f k]z x'gf;fy}

cleo'Qm Pj+ ;fIfL ujfx?nfO{ klg k|:t't u/L lghx?sf] jofg lng] nufPtsf] a'em\g kg]{

k|df0f nuftf/?kdf a'em\g] sfo{n] Goflos k|s[ofn] ;'lglZrttf k|fKt ug{ ;S5 . Gofo l9nf]

lbg' eg]sf] Gofo lbg OGsf/ ug'{ xf] eGg] :yflkt dfGotfnfO{ Jofjxfl/s ?k lbgsf] nflu

l9nf] Goflos k|lqmofdf b]lvPsf] l9nf;'l:tdf ;'wf/ Nofpg h?/L 5 .cbfntdf bfo/ ePsf

d'2fx?df km};nf x'g w]/] ;do nfUg] u/]sf] sf/0faf6 Gofo lbg l9nfO{ x'g] u/]sf] 5 . cnu

cnu / k6s k6s ul/g] ;'g'jfO{ k|qmofn] ubf{ ;dodf ;fIfL ujfxx?nfO{ a'em\g g;lsbf

To:tf ;fIfL ujfxx? pNn]Vo?kdf pkl:yt gx'g] / pkl:yt eO{ xfn] klg k|lts"n eO{ lbg]

cfd k|rng /x]sf] b]lvG5 . Goflos sfo{ljlwdf ck]lIft ;'wf/ x'g g;s]s} sf/0f lz3| Gofo

gkfOg] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf ePsf] 5 . sydsbflrt l9n} ul/ Gofo k|fKt eO{xfn] klg kLl8tn]

cg'e"t x'g] ul/ Gofo k|fKt gx'g ;S5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf] ;[hgf x'g glbgsf] nflu kmf}Hbf/L

Gofo k|0ffnLdf ;dofg's"n kl/jt{g x'g / kLl8tnfO{ Gofo lbg] tkm{ pGd'v x'g h?/L 5 .

lgj]bs kIfsf] rf;f] eg]sf] klg o; Joj:yfnfO{ lhNnf cbfntx?n] k|efjsf/L ?kdf

sfof{Gjog u/]sf 5}gg eGg] 5 . cbfntL sfd sf/jfxL / sfo{ljlwdf l;3|tfsf] rf;f] lnO{

lgj]bsx? cbfnt ;dIf k|j]z ug'{nfO{ :jfefljs dfGg'kg]{ g} x'G5 . ljkIfL

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{noaf6 k|:t't ePsf] lnlvt hjfkmdf nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf]

Joj:yfsf] sfof{Gjogdf sfg"gsf] åGå ljBdfg /x]sf] 5 . h;sf] sf/0f o;sf] sfof{Gjogdf

sl7gfO{ pTkGg ePsf] 5 . ;fIfLsf] pkl:ytL, ;f]wk'5, hL/x nufotsf k|rlnt sfg"gn]

lgwf{/0f u/]sf ;f/e"t / sfo{ljlwut Joj:yf kfngf u/]/ ckjfbfTds cj:yfdf dfq o;

lsl;dsf] ;'g'jfO{ x'g ;Sb5 . ;f] sfg"gL Joj:yfnfO{ ;fdfGo cj:yfdf h:tf] nfu" ug]{ u/L

dfu adf]lhdsf] cfb]z hf/L x'g ;Sb}g eGg] s'/fnfO{ pNn]v u/]sf] b]lvG5 .

dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{non] /fv]sf] wf/0ff h:tf] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLsf] nuftf/

;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ ckjfbfTds ?kdf lng ldNb}g . nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu

s'g} sfg"gL afwf /x]sf] ePklg lhNnf cbfntdf u7g x'g] ;+oGqdf d'2fsf ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf

aLr x'g] 5nkmn Pj+ d'2f Joj:yfkgsf] ;Gbe{df ckgfOg] sfg"gL ;+oGqn] ;f] jfwfnfO{

x6fpg ;Sg] g} x'G5 .

cbfnt dfqsf] PSnf] k|of;n] nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] sfg"gL Joj:yfn] ;fy{stf kfpg ;Sb}g

. o;df cbfntsf ;fy} cg';Gwfgdf ;DnUg k|x/L, cleof]hg kIf, k|ltjfbL kIfsf] sfg"g

Joj;foL tyf Gofosf ;/f]sf/jfnf ;d]t ;a}sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo h?/L x'G5 . cfjZos

;+oGq ;d]tsf] lgdf{0f u/L clgjfo{ ?kdf nfu" ug{ ;lsg] Joj:yfnfO{ uf}0f dfgL

ckjfbfTds ?kdf dfq nfu" ug{ ;lsg] eGg] ljkIfL dxfGofofwLjQmf sfo{fnosf] ts{ o;

;Gbe{df ;fGble{s b]lv+b}g . kmf}Hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gsf] ;'wf/ u/L k|efjsf/L agfpg

dxfGofofwLjQmfsf] sfof{nosf] ;d]t plQs} lhDd]jf/L / hjfkmb]lxtf /xg] x'G5 . kmf}hbf/L

Gofo k|0ffnLdf /x]sf sdL sdhf]/LnfO{ x6fO{ kLl8td'vL Gofo k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;df

;/sf/jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf] k|lt/Iff ug{ ;+j}wflgs ?kdf g} ul7t lgsfoaf6 cbfntn] ;w}

;s[o ;xof]usf] cfzf;d]t /fv]sf] x'G5 .

nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ ;lsPdf d'2fsf

kIfx?sf] d'2fdf nfUg] ;do / vr{ sd x'g], l56f]5l/tf] / plrt ;dodf d'2fsf kIfx?n]

Gofo k|fKt ug]{ clwsf/sf] ;'lglZrttf x'g], d'2fsf] c+u k'¥ofpg] s|ddf x'g] l9nf;':tL cGTo

x'g], sfg"gn] lgwf{/0f u/]sf] ;do leq} d'2fsf] lsgf/f ul/;Sg] kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; x'g],

gful/sx?nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf Gofo kfOG5 eGg] s'/fk|lt ljZj:t t'Nofpg ;lsg], kLl8t

;fIfLnfO{ cg'lrt cfly{s nfedf kf/L k|lts'n x'gaf6 /f]lsg], cleo'Qmaf6 kLl8tk|lt x'g]

8/, qf;, wDsL h:tf lqmofsnfk lgolGqt x'g], cleo'Qmn] k|df0f gi6 ug]{ ;Defjgfdf sdL

cfpg] eO{ ;dli6df Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] u'0f:t/df klg a[l4 x'G5 . o;sf] k|efjsf/L

sfof{Gjogn] kLl8tsf] kIfdf dfq ge} ;dod} Goflos k|lqmof 6'+luO{ lgbf]{if cleo'Qmn];d]t

;dod} ;kmfO{ kfO{ kmf}Hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gsf] If]qdf b]lvPsf] Goflos clglZrttf ;d]t x6\g

hfg] x'G5 .

o; k2tLsf] ;DaGwdf ljb]zL cbfntx?n] ub}{ cfPsf] cEof; x]bf{, d'2fsf] sf/jfxLsf]

;do / kl/0ffddf nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ k2tLsf] k|efj ;DaGwdf lkmlnlkG;sf] Gofo k|zf;g

;DaGwL ;+:yfn] !(() df Toxfsf] ;jf]{Rr cbfntdf k|:t't u/]sf] cWoog k|ltj]bg -Report

on the Effects of the Continuous Trial System on Litigation Time and output in the

National Capital Region_ df lkmlnlkG;df km5\of{}6 ug{ afFsL d'2fsf] ;+Vof a9\g' / Gofo

;Dkfbgdf ljnDa x'g'sf] sf/0fx?df cbfntleqsf] Gofo k|zf;gsf] k|ls|ofut l9nfO{,

sd{rf/L aLr ;dGjosf] cefj / d'2fsf] ;xL Joj:yfkg x'g g;Sg' xf] eg]/ pQm

k|ltj]bgdf cf}NofO{Psf] b]lvG5 . pQm k|ltj]bgsf cg';f/ d'2fdf nfUg] ;do sd ug'{ / l56f]

5l/tf] Gofo ;Dkfbg ug]{ p2]Zo /fvL k|yd r/0fdf ;g\ !(*( df s]xL z'? txsf

cbfntx? -Trial Courts_ df lg/Gt/ ;'g'jfO{sf] k|ls|of z'? ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . o;sf]

glthfdf nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ k4tL nfu' ePsf cbfntsf] sfo{;Dkfbgsf] t'ngf cGo o:tf]

k|ls|of nfu' gePsf cbfntx?;Fu ul/Psf]df nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ nfu' ePsf cbfntdf ;dfg

k|s[ltsf] d'2fdf nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ nfu' gePsf cbfntx?sf] t'ngfdf d'2f km5\of{}6 lgs} sd

;dodf ePsf] b]vfO{Psf] lyof] . kl5 of] k|s[ofsf] k|efjsfl/tfnfO{ b[li6ut u/]/ cGo

cbfntx?df klg lj:tf/ ul/Psf] b]lvG5 . l5d]sL d'n's ef/tdf klg Gofo ;Dkfbgdf l9nf

;':tL Aofks dfqfdf /x]sf] / l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf d'2fx?sf] lsgf/f nufpgsf] nflu eg]/

ljz]if Joj:yf / of]hgf cGtu{t lz3| ;'g'jfO{ cbfntx? -Fast Track Courts_sf] :yfkgf u/L

d'2fx?sf] km5{\of}6 x'g afFsL b/df sdL Nofpb} cfPsf pbfx/0fx? b]Vg ;lsG5 . t/ o:tf

cbfntx?sf] ;+/rgf eg] c:yfO{ k|s[ltsf x'g] u/]sf]df kl5Nnf] ;dodf ulDe/ k|s[ltsf

dlxnf lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx?sf] ;'g'jfO{ :yfoL ?kd} :yfkgf x'g] ælz3| sf/jfxL cbfntÆ

af6 ug{ z'? ul/Psf] b]lvG5 .

;g\ @)!@ sf] l8;]Da/ !^ sf lbg Ps hgf @# jifL{o ljBfyL{ lge{of -kl/jlt{t gfd_

sf] ef/tsf] lbNnLdf ePsf] ;fd'lxs anfTsf/sf] 36gf kZrft dfgj clwsf/jfbLx?n]

p7fPsf] cfjfhnfO{ ;/sf/n] oyflz3| ;Daf]wg ub}{ kLl8tnfO{ lz3| Gofo lbnfpgsf nflu /

lz3| Gofo ;Dkfbg ug{ sfg"gdf s] s:tf] ;+zf]wg ug{ cfjZos x'G5 ;f] sf] cWoog ul/

pko'Qm l;kmfl/; ug{sf nflu ef/tsf k"j{ k|wfg GofofwLz h]=P;=jdf{sf] cWoIftfdf Ps

;ldltsf] u7g ul/Psf] / ;f] ;ldltn] Ps dlxgf leq cfˆgf] k|ltj]bg ;/sf/ ;dIf k|:t't

u/]sf]df tTsfn} ToxfFsf] ljwflosfn] pQm ;ldltsf ;'emfj;d]tnfO{ ;dfj]z x'g] ul/ ef/tLo

ck/fw ;+lxtf / ;f];Fu ;Da4 sfg"gdf tTsfn cfjZos ;+zf]wg u/]sf] lyof] . h; cg';f/

of}g lx+;f ;DaGwL ljBdfg sfg"gdf ;+zf]wg ug'{sf ;fy} lbNnLsf s]lx lhNnf cbfntx?df

ælz3| sf/jfxL cbfntÆ sf] u7g eO{ hj/h:tL s/0fL nufot ulDe/ k|s[ltsf dlxnf

lx+;f;Fu ;DalGwt d'2fx? tL cbfntx?af6 x]g]{ k|rng z'? ul/Psf] s'/f cWoogaf6 b]lvG5

.

a]nfotdf klg 3/]n' lx+;fsf d'2fnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf lsgf/f nufpgsf] nflu zL3|

sf/jfxL k|0ffnL -Fast Track System_ ckgfO d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ ul/Psf] kfO{G5 . ToxfF

o:tf d'2fsf] lz3| ;'g'jfO{ ug{sf] nflu 5'§} 3/]n' lx+;f cbfnt :yfkgf ul/Psf] / o:tf]

sf/jfxL k|0ffnLaf6 d'2fsf] km5\{of}6 b/df pNn]Vo k|utL ePsf] s'/f ;d]t ToxfFsf] Goflos

kl/kf6Lsf] cwoogaf6 b]lvG5 .

To:t} ljlzi6Ls[t cbfntx?sf] :yfkgfsf] ;DaGwdf cwoog ubf{ cd]l/sfdf

Expedited Track, Standard Track / Complex Track ul/ # k|sf/sf] ;d"xdf d'2fx?nfO{

juL{s/0f ul/ ;+lIfKt sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ d'2fsf] lz3| km5\{of}6 ug]{ k|rng z'? ul/Psf] b]lvG5

. cd]l/sfdf klg 3/]n' lx+;fsf ljjfbx?nfO{ 5'§} ljlzi6Ls[t 3/]n' lx+;f cbfntaf6 lz3|

;'g'jfO{sf] cEof; k|rngdf NofO{Psf] s'/f ToxfFsf] cWoogaf6 b]lvG5 .

g]kfn kIf /x]sf] gful/s tyf /fhgLlts clwsf/ ;DaGwL cGt/f{li6«o cg'aGw, !(^^ sf]

wf/f !$-#_-u_ n] kmf}Hbf/L s;"/sf] cleof]u nfu]sf] x/]s JolQmnfO{ lgh lj?4sf] kmf}hbf/L

cleof]usf] lgwf{/0fdf k"0f{ ;dfgtfdf cfwfl/t cg'lrt ljnDa lagf k'k{If ul/g] s'/fnfO{

k|Tofe"lt lbPsf] b]lvG5 eg] ;f] k|fjwfgnfO{ /fli6«o sfg'gdf nfu" u/fpg] bfloTj;d]t

nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL sfg'gL Joj:yfn] lgjf{x u/]sf] dfGg ;lsG5 .

;+o'Qm /fi6« ;+3Lo dxf;efåf/f @( gf]e]D/, !(*% df kfl/t k|:tfj g++ $)÷#$ df hf/L

ul/Psf] ck/fw Pj+ clVtof/sf] b'?kof]u kLl8tsf nflu Gofo ;DaGwL cfwf/e"t l;4fGtsf]

3f]if0ffkqn] kLl8tnfO{ Gofo k|bfg ug]{ ljifodf dxTjk"0f{ Joj:yfx?sf] pNn]v u/]sf]] b]lvG5

. pQm 3f]if0ffkqn] ck/fw kLl8tsf ljleGg clwsf/x?nfO{ k|Tofe"lt lbPsf] b]lvG5 . h;

cGtu{t ck/fwaf6 kLl8t x'g k'u]sf]x?sf] Gofodf kx'Fr / :jR5 Jojxf/ kfpg] clwsf/,

k'g:yf{kgfsf] clwsf/, ;xof]usf] clwsf/ / Ifltk"lt{sf] clwsf/ k|d'v b]lvG5g\ .

plNnlvtfg';f/sf clwsf/x?sf] pkef]unfO{ k"jf{g'dfgdf cfwfl/t t'NofO{ ;'lglZrttf

k|bfg ug{sf] nflu /fli6«o sfg'gdf ljjfbx?sf] lz3| ;'g'jfO{sf] plrt / k|efjsf/L sfg"gL

;+oGq lgdf{0f cToGt h?/L x'G5 . olb d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ k|s[of cg'lrt ?kdf nlDag uO{

kfpgkg]{ pkrf/ k|fKt ug{ ljnDj x'G5 eg] kLl8tsf pNn]lvt clwsf/x?sf] k|rngdf ;d]t

ljnDa x'g uO{ kLl8tn] lz3| Gofo k|fKt ug]{ sfo{df afwf k'Ug hfG5 . o:tf] cj:yfsf]

sf/0fn] d'2f n8\bf n8\bf JolQmsf] d[To' ko{Gt ;Dd klg d'2fsf] cGTo gx'g] / Tolta]nfsf]

kl/0ffdn] kLl8tn] k|fKt ug]{ Gofo d/0ff]k/fGt kfPsf] k'/:sf/ ;/x aGg hfg] eO{ Gofo

k|0ffnL hjfkmb]xLlalxg aGg hfg] x'G5 .

Gofosf] b[li6n] cfk/flws sfo{af6 kLl8t ePsf JolQm, lghsf] kl/jf/ jf cfl>tx?nfO{

plrt lsl;dsf] k'g:yf{kgfsf] sfo{ oyf;dod} ;DkGg ug'{ kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] k'g:yf{kgfdf

;DklQ lkmtf{ ug]{, gf]S;fgL ePsf] jf ef]u]sf] kL8f jfktsf] /sd e'QmfgL ug]{, kLl8t ePsf]

sf/0f vr{ ePsf] /sd lkmtf{ ug]{, ;xof]u pknAw u/fpg] / clwsf/sf] k'g:yf{kgf ug]{

h:tf s'/fx? kg]{ ub{5g\ . o;} ;Gbe{df dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ lj?4sf] s;"/af6

kl/0ffd:j?k kLl8t aGg k'u]sf JolQmnfO{ dfgj a]rljvg tyf cf];f/ k;f/ -lgoGq0f_ P]g,

@)^$ cg';f/ k|fKt x'g] påf/, k'g:yf{kgf / k'gld{ng ;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf

sfof{Gjogdf Nofpgsf] nflu ;d]t nuftf/ sf/jfO{ / ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf x'g ckl/xfo{ x'G5

.

kLl8tsf] ;+/If0fsf] ljifodf df}h'bf g]kfnL sfg"gdf ePsf] cGo Joj:yf dWo] kLl8tnfO{

e/fpg] Ifltk"lt{ ;DaGwL Joj:yf klg Ps /x]sf] 5 . d'n'sL P]g, hj/h:tL s/0fLsf] dxnsf]

(-s_ adf]lhd s;}n] gfjfns;Fu s'g} lsl;dsf] ck|fs[lts d}y'g u/] u/fPdf hj/h:tL

s/0fL u/]sf] dfgL o;} dxnsf] # g+= adf]lhd x'g] ;hfodf yk ! jif{;Dd s}b u/L To:tf]

gfafnsnfO{ lghsf] pd]/ / p;nfO{ k'Ug uPsf] dsf{ ;d]t ljrf/ u/L cbfntn] ck|fs[lts

d}y'g ug]{af6 dgfl;j dflkmssf] Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg'kg]{ Joj:yf ePsf] b]lvG5 . P]= dxnsf]

!) g+= cg';f/ hj/h:tL s/0fLaf6 kLl8t dlxnfnfO{ ePsf] zf/Ll/s jf dfgl;s Iflt

ljrf/ u/L kLl8t dlxnfnfO{ jf To:tL dlxnfsf] d[To' eO{ ;s]sf]df lghdf cfl>t 5f]/f

5f]/L eP lghx?nfO{ kg{ uPsf] kL8f ;d]tsf] ljrf/ u/L dgfl;j 7x/fP adf]lhdsf]

Ifltk"lt{ s;'/bf/af6 e/fO{lbg' kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 . To:t} afnaflnsf

;DaGwL P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf %# sf] pkbkmf -^_ adf]lhd s'g} afnaflnsfnfO{ cg}lts

k]zfdf nufPsf] sf/0f lghsf] rl/qdf s'g} cf3ft k'Ug uPsf] /x]5 jf lghsf] :jf:Yo

k|lts"n k|efj jf zf/Ll/s c+ue+u ePsf] /x]5 eg] To;/L ePsf] Ifltsf] d'gfl;j dflkmssf]

Ifltk"lt{ /sd d'2f x]g]{ c•fn] e/fO lbg' kg]{ sfg'gL Joj:yf /x]sf]] b]lvG5 . d'n'sL P]g,

ckx/0f tyf aGws lng]sf] dxnsf] !@ g++= n] ckx/0faf6 kLl8t ePsf] JolQmnfO{ k'Ug

uPsf] zf/Ll/s Pj+ dfgl;s Ifltsf] ljrf/ u/L ;f] s;"/ ug]{ u/fpg] JolQmjf6 kLl8t

JolQmnfO{ Ifltk"lt{ e/fO{ lbg'kg]{ sfg"gL Joj:yf /x]sf] b]lvG5 .

df}h'bf sfg'gdf ePsf plNnlvt Joj:yfx?sf] uflDeo{tfnfO{ ;d]t ljrf/ ul/ o;

cbfntn] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg ul/ nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ul/g]

d'2fx?sf] ;"rL ;d]t tf]ls To:tf d'2fx?sf ;Gbe{df nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ul/g]

sfo{ljlw;d]t tf]s]sf]] xf] . h;sf] p2]Zo o:sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogaf6 dfq k|fKt x'G5 .

plNnlvt sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog u/L ck/fwaf6 kLl8t x'g k'u]sf

JolQm jf lghsf cfl>tnfO{ e/fpg] Ifltk"lt{ nufotsf /fxt sfo{qmdnfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf

lbnfpgsf] nflu s;"/bf/nfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] ?kdf sfg"gsf] s73/fdf pEofO{ plrt b08 lbg

/ kLl8tnfO{ Gofo :j?k sfg"gadf]lhdsf] Ifltk"lt{ nufotsf] /fxt plrt / dgfl;j ;do

leq} pknAw u/fpgsf] nflu xfn k|rngdf /x]sf] k/Dk/fut kmf}Hbf/L Gofo k|zf;gsf]

sfo{z}nLdf kl/jt{g ug{} kg]{ x'G5 . o:tf] lsl;dsf] kl/jt{g eg]sf] kmf}Hbf/L d'2fx?sf]

;'g'jfO{ k|s[of nuftf/ ?kdf u/]/ lz3| Goflos laGb'df k'Ug' g} xf] . oxL cxd ;jfnnfO{

;Daf]wg ug{ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL,@)%@ df ;+zf]wg u/L sfg"gL Joj:yf ul/Paf6

o;sf] k|of]u clgjfo{ ?kdf g} ug'{kg]{ x'bf o;nfO{ P]lR5s xf] eg]/ eGg ldNb}g .

cj lg0f{osf] nflu lgwf{l/t bf];|f] k|Zg tkm{ ljrf/ u/f}+ . gful/sx?sf] xs lxtsf] ;+/If0f

u/L ;dfhdf zflGt, ;'/Iff, cdgrog sfod /fVg / ;dfhdf 36\g] cjfl~5t lsl;dsf

dfgjLo Jojxf/nfO{ lgoGq0f ug{ k|efjsf/L sfg"gL Joj:yf u/]/ dfq k'Ub}g, To:sf]

k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog x'g klg h?/L x'G5 . d'2f k|jfxsf] Joj:yfkgdf b]lvPsf ;d:ofx?nfO{

lg/fs/0f u/L d'2fsf kIfnfO{ l56f] 5l/tf] Gofo k|bfg ug]{ p2]Zon] sfg'gdf Joj:yf ul/Psf]

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{nfO{ k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ cfjZos ;+oGqx?sf] lgdf{0f

ug{;d]t h?/L x'G5 . nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfOsf] Joj:yf ljz]if vfnsf d'2fnfO{

ljnDjljgf lz3| lg0f{odf k'Ugsf] nflu ul/Psf] gf}nf] k|of]u dflgG5 . o; Joj:yfnfO{

ckgfO{ ;'g'jfO{ ul/g] d'2fx? / ;f] b]lv jfx]ssf cGo d'2fx?;d]t Ps} cbfntaf6 ;Fu;Fu}

;'g'jfO{ ul/g' kg]{ afWotf cbfntsf] x'bf o; ;DaGwdf cbfntdf u7g x'g] ;+oGqn] ;f] sf]

plrt Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu lgodfjnLsf] Joj:yf :jtM sfof{Gjogdf cfpg

;Sb}g o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfsf ;fy} x/]s lgsfo Pjd\

kbflwsf/Lx?sf] ;xof]u / ;dGjo lg/Gt/?kdf g} eO{/xg cfjZos x'G5 . ;'g'jfO{ k"j{sf]

r/0fdf xf]; jf ;'g'jfO{sf] r/0fdf xf]; b'a} r/0fx?df d'2fsf ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf, ;/sf/L

cleof]Qmf, k|ltjfbLsf] sfg'g Jofj;foL, d'2f cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg k|x/L;d]t;Fu nuftf/?kdf

5nkmn u/]/ nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] k|s[ofnfO{ Jojl:yt ub}{ n}hfg' kg]{ x'G5 . o; k|sf/sf]

;'g'jfO{ ul/g] d'2fx?sf] sf/jfxL k|s[ofnfO{ ;fy{s lgZsif{df k'¥ofpgsf] nflu

;/f]sf/jfnfx?;Fusf] ;xof]u / ;dGjonfO{;d]t lg/Gt/tf lbg cfjZos x'G5 . ;f]

;DaGwdf 5nkmnsf] dfu{nfO{ k|z:t ul/ cl3 a9\g lhNnf cbfntx?df Ps 5'6\6} ;+oGq

:yfkgf ug{ ;d]t cfjZos 5 . nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL Joj:yfnfO{ d'2f k|jfx

Joj:yfkgsf] ;Gbe{df lhNnf cbfntx?df u7g ul/g] o:tf] ;+oGqn] d'2fnfO{ km5\of}{6sf]

txdf k'¥ofpg / km5\of}{6sf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ k|lqmofx?nfO{ ;lx9+un] ;~rfng ug{

;xof]lusf] e"ldsf lgjf{x ;d]t ub{5 .

lg0f{o;Fu lgwf{l/t t];|f] k|Zgtkm{ ljrf/ ubf{, g]kfnsf] Gofo k|0ffnLdf cg'e"t ug{ ;Sg]

Gofo Joj:yfsf] kl/sNkgf ub}{ Gofokflnsfsf] k~rjifL{o /0fgLlts of]hgf nfu' eO{ o;

of]hgfn] k|If]k0f u/]sf Goflos sfd sf/jfO{ cGtu{t d'2f Joj:yfkg k4ltnfO{ cuflnPsf]

5 . d'2fsf] hl6ntf / k|s[ltsf cfwf/df d'2fx?nfO{ juL{s/0f u/L km/s Joj:yfkg k4lt -

Differentiated Case Management System_ nfO{ cufNg] eGg] s'/fnfO{ klg gLltut ;'wf/s}

?kdf x]g'{kg]{ x'G5 . o;} gLltut ;'wf/ cGtu{t dlxnf Pjd\ ;dfhsf l;dfGts[t ju{ al9

k|efljt /xg], ulDe/ / ;+lug vfnsf kmf}Hbf/L d'2fx?sf] sf/jfxLnfO{ g/f]lssg nuftf/

?kdf ;'g'jfO{ ug'{kg]{ ljz]if Joj:yfnfO{ lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf ePsf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgsf]

dfWodaf6 yk ul/gfsf] ;fy} ;f]lx ;+zf]wgaf6 cg';"rL $v= ;d]t yk eO{ ;f] Joj:yf

cGtu{t x]l/g] d'2fx?sf] ;"rL tf]lsPsf] eP klg xfn ;Dd pQm Joj:yf k|efjsf/L ?kdf

k|of]udf cfpg ;s]sf] b]lvPg .

lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf Jojl:yt nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf cGtu{t

d'2fsf] sf/jfxLdf l9nf;':tL x'g glbg / pQm Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog ug{ d'2f

Joj:yfkgsf af/]df;d]t 5nkmn x'g h?/L b]lvG5 . of] Joj:yf nfu" ePkl5 bfo/ x'g]

d'2fsf] xsdf o;} Joj:yfsf] ;DaGwdf ckgfpg kg]{ sfo{ljlw ckgfO{ d'2fsf] sf/jfxL

cuf8L a9fpg kg]{ x'G5 . nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ k|lqmof nfu" x'g] elg tf]lsPsf d'2fdf

nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ubf{ ;fljsdf bfo/ ePsf d'2fdf s] s;/L ;'g'jfO{ Joj:yfkg ug]{ eGg]

;DaGwdf d'2f Joj:yfkgsf] ;Gbe{af6;d]t :ki6 x'g h?/L 5 . o; lsl;dsf] Joj:yfklso

sfo{sf] nflu 5nkmn ul/ lgisif{df k'Ugsf] nflu lhNnfl:yt Gofo If]q ;dGjo ;ldlt

;d]t;Fu ;dGjo ul/ cl3 a9\g h?/L x'G5 .

Gofo k|zf;g P]g, @)$* sf] bkmf #! n] lbPsf] clwsf/ k|of]u ul/ ;jf]{Rr cbfntn]

agfO{ nfu' u/]sf] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ df ePsf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgaf6 yk ePsf]

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ;DaGwL lgod @#u= sf] Joj:yf b]xfo adf]lhd /x]sf] 5 .

-!_ cg';"rL $v= adf]lhdsf d'2fx? cbfntdf cleof]ukq k]z ePkl5 cleof]u nufOPsf ;a}

k|ltjfbLx? pkl:yt u/fOPsf]df lghx?sf] aofg u/fO{ cbfntn] cfb]z lbPdf nuftf/

k|df0f k/LIf0f ul/g]5

-@_ pklgod -!_ adf]lhdsf d'2fx? dWo] ;/sf/ jfbL kmf}hbf/L d'2fsf xsdf cbfntn] tf]s]sf]

lbgdf cleof]hgstf{n] ;d]t ;fIfL ujfx k]z ug'{ kg]{5 .

-#_ k|ltjfbLn] aofg ubf{ v'nfPsf ;fIfL k|df0fx? tTsfn} lghn] pkl:yt u/fpg jf k|df0f k]z

ug{ ;Sg] ePdf ;'g'jfO{nfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbO{ k|df0f kl/If0f ul/g]5 .

-$_ pklgod -!_/-#_ adf]lhdsf] sfo{ljlw k"/f ePkl5 yk k|df0f kl/If0f ug{ cfjZos geP

cbfntn] tTsfn} lg0f{o ug{ ;Sg]5 .

pQm sfo{ljlwut ;'wf/sf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efjsf/L agfpg] ;DaGwdf d'2f Joj:yfkgsf]

If]qdf ;d]t ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ cfjZos x'G5 . nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu d'2fsf] sfo{;"rLdf

k/]sf d'2fx?sf] sf/jfxL k|s[of cGffjZos?kdf :ylut ub}{ hfg] / lg/Gt/tf 6'6fO{ sf/jfxL

ul/b} hfg] xf] eg] pQm ;+zf]lwt Joj:yfsf] s'g} cf}lrTo /xb}g . o; ;DaGwL sfo{ljlwdf

pNn]vlgo ;'wf/sf] ;d]t o; Ohnfzn] ck]Iff u/]sf] 5 . o; lsl;dsf] Joj:yfnfO{

k|efjsf/L agfpg ;'g'jfO{sf ljleGg r/0fx?sf] hfgsf/L d'2fsf cleo'Qm, kLl8tsf ;fy}

cGo ;/f]sf/jfnf kIfx?nfO{ oyf ;dodf lbg] k|of]hgsf] nflu s'g lbg s] s'g sf/jfxL x'g]

/ tf]lsPsf] lbgdf tf]lsPsf] sfd sf/jfxL x'gg;s]df ;f] sfdsf/jfxL s'g ltly ldltdf

;DkGg ug]{ eGg] ;DaGwdf ;d]t sfo{ljlwut :ki6tf h?/L x'G5 .

lhNnf cbfntx?df nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] nflu tf]lsPsf d'2fx? jfx]ssf cGo

ulDe/vfnsf kmf}Hbf/L d'2fx? klg ;Fu;Fu} bfo/ /x]sf x'Gf ;S5g . b'a} vfnsf d'2fx?sf]

;'g'jfO{ k|s[ofnfO{ Ps};fy cl3 a9fpbf Ps vfnsf] d'2fnfO{ nuftf/ sf/jfO{sf] r/0fdf

nfg' kbf{sf] sf/0fn] nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ gx'g] cGo d'2fx? k|efljt gx'g eGgfsf] nflu;d]t ;f]

;DaGwL Joj:yfkg ug'{kg]{]{ x'G5 . GofofwLz Pjd\ sd{rf/Lsf] ljBdfg b/aGbLsf] sldn] klg

o; lsl;dsf] Joj:yfnfO{ k|efljt t'Nofpg ;Sg] x'bf o;tkm{ ;d]t Wofg lbg cfjZos

x'G5 . sltko lhNnf cbfntx?df Ps hgf lhNnf GofofwLzsf] dfq b/aGbL /x]sf] /

nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ul/g] d'2fx?sf] ;'g'jfO{nfO{ k|ltlbg h;f] g/f]ls cuf8L a9fpg kg]{ x'bf

b'a}vfnsf d'2fx?sf] ;'g'jfO{nfO{ k|efljt gx'g] ul/ plrt ?kn] Joj:yfkg ug{ lhNnf

GofofwLzsf] ljBdfg b/jGbLdf k'glj{rf/ ug{ cfjZos x'g] eP To;tkm{ klg ;/f]sf/jfnf

kIfn] ;dod} u[xsfo{ u/]/ cl3 a9\g cfjZos x'G5 .

gofF lgb]{lzt x'g] sfo{ljlwnfO{ cg'z/0f u/]/ nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ x'g] d'2fx?sf] Joj:yfkgsf]

kIfdf lhNnf cbfntdf u7g x'g] ;+oGqdf d'2fsf ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf, GofofwLz, cbfntsf

sd{rf/L, cg';Gwfgdf ;+nUg k|x/L, ;/sf/L jsLn, k|ltjfbL kIfsf tkm{af6 k|ltlglwTj ug]{

sfg'g Joj;foL ;d]t;Fu lgoldt?kdf ul/gkg]{ 5nkmn, o:tf] gofF sfo{ljlwut Joj:yf;Fu

sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ k|lzlIft ;d]t u/fO{ o:tf] Joj:yfaf6 ;fy{s kl/0ffd lgsfNgsf] nflu

plgx?nfO{ tflnd, k|lzIf0f cflb cfjZos kg]{ eP ;f] ;d]tsf] plrt k|aGw ldnfpgsf

;fy} cGo cfjZosLo Joj:yf ldnfpgsf] nflu ljlQo Joj:yfkg ug{ klg plQs} h?/L xg

hfG5 . o:f lsl;dsf] Joj:yfkgsf] nflu cfjZos kg]{ ah]6sf] ;d]t plrt k|aGw ldnfpg]

k|d'v lhDd]jf/L ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] x'g] ePaf6 . o; Joj:yfsf] nflu o; cbfntsf /lhi6«f/

/ d'2fsf] ;du| Joj:yfksLo k|aGwsf] nflu ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf] d'2f k|zf;g dxfzfvfnfO{

lhDd]jf/L tf]Sg ;lsG5 .

nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{sf] o; Joj:yfnfO{ lhNnf cbfntx?df dfq nfu' u/]/ o;sf]

p2]Zo xfl;n gx'g] / lhNnf cbfntx?n] ;'g'jfO{ ul/ 6'+uf] nufPsf To:tf d'2fx?df dflyNnf]

cbfntdf k'g/fj]bg k/]sf] v08df k'g/fj]bg txdf ;d]t pk/f]Qmadf]lhdsf d'2fx?nfO{{ l56f]

5l/tf] ?kdf km5\of}{6sf nflu cfjZos kg]{ sfo{ljlwut s'/fdf k'g/fj]bg cbfnt / ;jf]{Rr

cbfntsf lgodfjnLdf ;d]t ;d;fdlos ;'wf/ cfjZos b]lvP ;f] ;d]t ug'{kg]{ x'G5 .

ca lg0f{osf] nflu lgwf{l/t rf}yf] cyf{t clGtd k|Zg tkm{ ljrf/ u/f}+ . Gofokflnsf

k|ltsf] a9\bf] hgcfsf+Iffsf] t'ngfdf Goflos sfdsf/jfxLnfO{ jfl~5t ;'wf/sf] ultdf

lx8fpg ;lsPsf] 5}g . of] ltQmtfnfO{ s]lxxb ;Dd eP klg x6fO{ Goflos sfdsf/jfxLnfO{

k|efjsf/L agfpg] x]t'n] lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf ;+zf]wg u/]/ nuftf/ sf/jfxL /

;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yf xfn ;Dd k|efjsf/L ?kdf sfof{Gjog x'g g;s]sf] s'/f ljj]lrt e}

;s]sf] 5 . pQm ;+zf]wgaf6 lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf yk ePsf] cg';"rL $v= df

tf]lsPsf d'2fx?sf kLl8t Pj+ ;dfhsf cGo JolQmx?n] h'g ?kdf l56f] 5l/tf] / k|efjsf/L

Gofo ;Dkfbgsf] cfzf u/]sf x'G5g\, Tof] k'/f x'g g;s]sf] cg'ej ePsf] 5 . s;"/bf/nfO{

l56f]5l/tf] Goflos k|s[ofdf pEofO{ plrt b08 lbg], lgbf]{ifn] ;kmfO{ lng] / kLl8tn] kfpg

;Sg] pkrf/ / /fxt klg cljnDa kfpg] Joj:yfsf] nflu ;f] sfg'gL Joj:yfsf]] k|efjsf/L

sfof{Gjog clgjfo{ / k|efjsf/L?kdf x'g h?/L 5 . o;af6 kLl8tx?sf] Gofodf kx'Fr a9\g

uO{ Goflos ;'lglZrttf sfod x'g], Gofok|lt hgcf:yf a[l4 x'g], Goflos k|s[of kf/bzL{k"0f{ /

hjfkmb]xLk"0f{ x'g'sf ;fy} e/f];f of]Uo agfpg ;xof]u k'Ug] x'G5 .

ctM lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnL, @)%@ sf] cf7f}+ ;+zf]wgaf6 yk ePsf] lgod @#u

adf]lhdsf] d'2fdf nuftf/ sf/jfxL / ;'g'jfO{ ul/g] elg P]= lgodfjnLsf] cg';"rL–$v df

tf]lsPsf d'2fx?sf] xsdf nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{ ug]{ sfg"gL Joj:yfsf] k|of]unfO{ P]lRIfs ?kdf

geO{ clgjfo{ ?kdf sfof{Gjog ug{ u/fpg hf] rflxg] lgb]{lzsf lgdf{0f ug]{, hgzlQmnfO{

k|lzlIft ug{ kg]{ eP ;f] ug{ ;d]tsf] nflu cfjZos >f]t ;fwgsf] Joj:yf ug]{, nuftf/

;'g'jfO{ ul/g] d'2fx?sf] ;'g'jfO{ k|s[ofnfO{ k"jf{g'dfgdf cfwfl/t t'NofO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ d'2f

Joj:yfkgsf] If]qdf ug'{ kg]{ ;'wf/ ;d]t ug{sfnflu cfjZoskg]{ ah]6 ljlgof]hgsf] nflu

;/sf/;Fu dfu ug'{kg]{ eP ;f] ug]{ u/fpg] / d'2fsf] ;'g'jfO{ tflnsf lgdf{0f ug]{ u/fpg],

nuftf/ ;'g'jfO{sf] Joj:yfnfO{ ;"rf? u/L GofonfO{ ;'lglZrt ug{ d'2fsf ;/f]sf/jfnf kIf,

;/sf/L jlsn, k|ltjfbLsf sfg"g Joj;foL;d]t;Fu lg/Gt/ ?kdf cfjZos 5nkmn, ;xof]u

/ ;dGjo u/L d'2fsf] sf/jfxLnfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ ;DalGwt cbfnt leq} Ps 5'§} ;+oGq

u7g u/L lz3|fltl;3| hf] rflxg] cfjZolso Joj:yf ldnfpg' elg ;jf]{Rr cbfntsf

/lhi6«f/sf] gfddf k/dfb]z hf/L u/L lbPsf] 5 .

;fy} lhNnf cbfnt lgodfjnLdf tf]lsPsf kmf}hbf/L d'2fx?df nuftf/ sf/jfxL /

;'g'jfO{sf] nflu ck/fw cg';Gwfg Pj+ cleof]hg ;DaGwL lgsfosf] klg ;xof]u /

;xeflutfsf] z'? b]lvg} h?/L x'g] x'gfn] To; k|of]hgsf] nflu cfjZos tof/L ug{, nuftf/

;'g'jfO{sf] nflu cbfntdf u7g x'g] ;+oGq;Fu ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ ug{ / cbfntaf6 nuftf/

;'g'jfO{ ug{] ;Gbe{df ;fIfL k|df0f d's// ug{sf] nflu cfb]z ePsf] ldlt / ;dodf cfˆgf]

;fIfL k|df0f cflb pkl:yt u/fpg] ;'lglZrt\tfsf] nflu hf] rflxg] cfjZos ;|f]t ;fwg

;lxtsf] sfg'gL Joj:yf u/L u/fO{ ;xof]u ug'{ egL cf–cfˆgf] dftxtsf lgsfox?nfO{

cfjZos lgb]{zg ug'{ egL g]kfn ;/sf/ u[xdGqfno, dxfGofoflwjQmfsf] sfof{no / k|x/L

k|wfg sfof{no;d]tsf] gfddf k/dfb]zsf] cfb]z hf/L ul/lbPsf] 5 .

;f] Joj:yfsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjog eP gePsf] ;DaGwdf lg/Gt/ ?kdf cg'udg ug{

;jf]{Rr cbfnts} cg'udg tyf lgl/If0f dxfzfvfnfO{ tf]ls lbPsf] 5 . ;f] dxfzfvfn]

lgoldt cg'udg u/L lnlvt k|ltj]bg ub}{ hfg" . k|:t't cfb]zsf] ;"rgf ljkIfLx?nfO{ lbO{

bfo/Lsf] nut s§f u/L ldl;n lgodfg';f/ a'emfO{ lbg' .

GofofwLz

pQm /fodf d ;xdt 5' .

GofofwLz

Olt ;Djt @)&) ;fn >fj0f !^ ut] /f]h $ df z'ed==============

Ohnf; clws[tM afa'/fd ;'j]bL

sDKo"6/ ug]{M a]bgf clwsf/L