0ldj tukip ins4 apuverbit...10. ing-muoto: a) i talk a lot about essays. there are so many of them....

Apuverbit Can, could ja korvaavat muodot

1. Järjestä lauseet kokonaisiksi virkkeiksi.

1. speak – German – can – John (väitelause)

2. cannot – I – you – hear (väitelause)

3. me – can – my assignment – please – you – help – with (kysymyslause)

4. I – a cup of coffee – can – you – make (väitelause)

5. switch – can – the computer – you – on – (kysymyslause)

6. here – come – can – you – at once – (kysymyslause)

7. James – swim – could – when – was – he – already – four years old (väitelause)

8. languages – speak – my grandma – could – nine – different (väitelause)

9. when – home – we – arrived – open – we – the door – couldn’t get (väitelause)

10. was saying – could – hear – you – what – he (kysymyslause)

2. Käännä käyttäen can / could-apuverbejä.

1. Porsaat eivät osaa lentää.

2. Osaan ruotsia, englantia ja ranskaa.

3. Olen varma, että pystyt voittamaan pelin.

4. Voinko auttaa sinua kantamaan laukkusi?

5. Enkö voi kysyä sinulta yksinkertaista kysymystä?

ApuverbitTukipaketti

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6. Kykenin kävelemään nuoralla [=walk a tightrope], kun olin nuorempi, mutta nyt en pysty.

7. Voisitko ojentaa minulle maidon, kiitos?

8. Hän ei voinut mennä festivaaleille, koska hänen äitinsä sanoi ei.

9. Olisi voinut sataa, mutta ei satanut.

10. Olisit voinut auttaa minua.

3. Täydennä puuttuvat sanat käyttäen be able to-rakennetta.

1. hiking on your latest trip? (pääsitkö menemään?)

– No, unfortunately, I that because I had a twisted ankle.

(en pystynyt tekemään)

2. Also the fog came down and I to the mountainside.

(en päässyt)

3. Coming home I noticed I didn’t have the keys. I through the

bathroom window but I to the balcony where the door was

open. (en päässyt sisään; pystyin kiipeämään)

4. My brother wanted to break the window, but we him out of

it. (onnistuimme puhumaan)

5. My brother [=do sports] since his accident. (ei ole pystynyt

urheilemaan)

6. Hopefully he training soon. (pystyy aloittamaan)

7. Last month he the race but he had a muscle cramp. (olisi

pystynyt voittamaan)

8. like him. He is so fast. (Haluaisin pystyä juoksemaan)

9. I for a run even if I hadn’t twisted my ankle. (en olisi

pystynyt liittymään hänen seuraansa)

10. Instead, I enjoy without any pain. (siitä, että voin

pyöräillä)


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4. Täydennä puuttuvat sanat vihjeiden mukaan.

The Story of Helen Keller, The Girl Who Was Deaf And Blind

Do you the story of Helen Keller, who (ei pystynyt näkemään eikä kuulemaan)

? Still she ( pystyi voittamaan)

all handicaps.

When she was born, there was nothing wrong with Helen Keller. She (osasi kävellä)

when she was 12 months old and she (osasi puhua) a little.

But one day she fell ill and the illness was so severe that it turned out that she (ei koskaan pystyisi näkemään tai

kuulemaan) .

Helen was condemned to a life of silence and darkness. She (ei pystynyt kuulemaan)

what was said to her, (ei osannut puhua) so she

(ei kyennyt leikkimään) with others.

When she was six years old Helen was taken to see famous doctors to learn if they (pystyisivät tekemään)

something to help Helen. But the doctors (eivät pystyneet tekemään mitään)

. The parents then asked an institution for the blind if they (voisivat

lähettää) someone to teach Helen.

Ann Sullivan arrived to take charge of the child who (ei osannut puhua eikä kuulla)

Ann found a way to make herself understood. Using hand language, Helen and

Ann (kykenivät keskustelemaan) to each other. During the next

few months, Helen (oli pystynyt oppimaan) to sign words and

now she (osasi laittaa) some of them into sentences.

At the age of ten Helen decided that she would learn to speak. At first she learned the sounds, but soon she

(osasi sanoa) entire words and short sentences.

When she was twenty, Helen Keller was accepted to college. She did well and (kykeni pysymään vauhdissa

[=keep up]) with the other students. Later she

started also lecturing and (pystyi puhumaan) before large

crowds. In her writings and lectures Helen (teki kaiken voitavansa)

to help and inspire other deaf and blind people.


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5. Täydennä seuraavat lauseet. Valitse sopiva, puhujan arvelua ilmaiseva rakenne. Suomenna myös lauseet.

1. It dark outside, and t’s only 4.30pm!

Well, this is Finnish winter...

2. They the lost city of Atlantis. I’m sure it’s a hoax.

3. My dog outside last night. It was injured

last week and has to stay in.

4. He that painting. There wasn’t an artistic bone in him.

May, might ja korvaavat muodot

6. Käännä käyttäen may/might –apuverbejä.

1. Saanko mennä ulos nyt?

2. Saisinko mennä nyt?

3. Et saa enää toista keksiä, Wilson!

4. Hän saattaa tulla takaisin kotiin ensi viikolla.

5. Iltapäivällä ei ehkä sada.

6. Hän ei tiedä, mitä tehdä. Ehkä hän kysyy Heleniltä.

7. Ehkä Simon olisi onnellisempi, jos hänellä olisi parempi työpaikka.

couldn’t have painted

can’t have found

can’t be

can’t have barked


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8. John olisi saattanut olla onnellisempi, jos hän ei olisi muuttanut maalle.

9. Olisit voinut kertoa tämän minulle aikaisemmin!

7. Täydennä puuttuvat sanat käyttäen be allowed to-rakennetta.

1. You walk your dogs in this park. (et saa)

2. my horse here? (Saanko ratsastaa)

3. No, you . (et saa)

4. your mobile phones at school, Mum? (Saitteko käyttää)

5. We them in languages. (olemme saaneet käyttää)

6. Shall we go somewhere nice on Saturday? I will my Dad’s car then. (saan ottaa)

7. Does your parents let you have a tattoo? I one. (en saisi ottaa)

8. Do you enjoy what you want? (että saat tehdä, mitä

haluat)

9. In basketball you the ball but you

it. (on sallittua pidellä; sinun ei ole lupa kantaa)

10. From now on, students (fut.) the internet during the exams.

(ei ole lupa käyttää)

8. Valitse may- tai be allowed to-rakenteista paremmin lauseeseen sopiva.

1. I may not have / am not allowed to have time to do it now.

2. I cannot see Mark anywhere. He may have left / was allowed to leave early.

3. Mark isn’t at school today. He may stay / is allowed to stay home because he is ill.

4. You might have done / had been allowed to do the washing-up! So typical of you!.

5. I might not pass / am not allowed to pass the exam. I don’t feel very confident

6. Myra bought a lottery ticket. She may become / will be allowed to become a millionaire!

7. If I said ’Yes’, you might be / you would be allowed to be surprised.

8. In Finland we might vote / are allowed to vote when we are eighteen.

9. I was just wondering whether you might be able to help / would be allowed to help me. You are so smart!

10. May I interrupt? – No, you may not / are not allowed to!


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9. Käännä englanniksi.

1. Saanko ottaa vielä yhden palan kakkua?

2. Et saa, otit jo kolme.

3. Emme ole saaneet polttaa sisällä ravintoloissa aikoihin!

4. Saitteko lähteä töistä eilen aikaisin?

5. Tom ei saanut jäädä yksin kotiin.

6. Saatko tulla elokuviin ensi viikolla?

7. Hän saattaisi tulla takaisin, jos pyytäisit kauniisti.

8. Hän saisi katsoa elokuvan, jos se ei alkaisi niin myöhään.

9. Tämä saattaa olla elämäni paras päivä!

10. Hän olisi saattanut olla siellä ajoissa, jos hän ei olisi myöhästynyt bussista.

10. Täydennä puuttuvat sanat vihjeiden mukaan. Muista puhujan arvelua ilmaisevat rakenne: may/might + infinitiivi / may/might + have + 3.muoto

1. This car more expensive but I’m sure it’s much better. (saattaa olla)

2. I’m thinking…You right this time. (saatat olla)

3. I your kind offer. (saatan hyväksyä)

4. Kim home already. (on saattanut mennä)

5. She . (saattaa tulla millä hetkellä hyvänsä)

6. You well right! (saatat)

7. He killed! (hänet on saatettu)

8. Where are my keys? I them somewhere. (olen ehkä pudottanut)

9. Gwen the bus. It wouldn’t surprise me! (on saattanut myöhästyä)

10. Karen me while I was in the shower. (on ehkä yrittänyt soittaa)


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Must ja korvaavat muodot

11. Käännä käyttäen must / must not-muotoja.

1. Meidän täytyy siistiä huoneemme.

2. Et saa leikkiä tulella.

3. Et saa luntata kokeessa.

4. Sinun tulee pysähtyä, kun liikennevalot vaihtuvat punaisiksi.

5. Teidän ei tarvitse odottaa minua.

6. Sinun täytyy harrastaa liikuntaa enemmän pysyäksesi kunnossa.

7. Emme saa antaa periksi, kun olemme niin lähellä loppua.

8. Ei saa ärsyttää pikkusiskojasi.

12. Täydennä have to-rakenteen aikamuodot a) väite-, b) kysymys- ja c) kieltolauseeseen.

Example:

a) I have to go there today. (go)

b) Do I have to go there today?

c) I don’t have to go there today.

1. preesens:

a) Simon next weekend. (work)

b) next weekend?

c) next weekend.

2. imperfekti:

a) We there at six. (be)

b) there at six?

c) there at six.


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3. perfekti:

a) Carl hard lately. (study)

b) hard lately?

c) hard lately.

4. pluskvamperfekti:

a) Gareth eight miles to get there. (run)

b) eight miles to get there?

c) eight miles to get there.

5. futuuri:

a) My family a serious discussion. (have)

b) a serious discussion?

c) a serious discussion.

6. nykyhetken konditionaali:

a) We there early if we wanted to get the tickets. (get)

b) there early if we wanted to get the tickets?

c) there early if we wanted to get the tickets.

7. menneen ajan konditionaali:

a) I quiet if I had wanted to hear the lecture. (stay)

b) quiet if I had wanted to hear the lecture?

c) I quiet if I had wanted to hear the lecture.

8. infinitiivi:

a) It’s ever so rewarding the same exercise over and over again. (do)

b) –

c) It’s ever so rewarding the same exercise over and over again.

9. menneen ajan infinitiivi:

a) first aid had been useful to me. (learn)

b) –

c) first aid had been problematic to me.


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10. ing-muoto:

a) I talk a lot about essays. There are so many of them. (write)

b) –

c) I talk a lot about write essays. There are so few of them.

13. Must vai have to? Muista laittaa have-verbi oikeaan muotoon, mikäli valitsen sen.

1. Last Thursday I give my chemistry work sheet to the teacher.

2. She will spend some time studying it.

3. Bicyclists wear helmets says the law.

4. That looks too small on you. You may try a bigger size.

5. A year ago I have a minor surgery.

6. If you break the law, you face the consequences.

7. It’s annoying to look after my little brother so often.

8. You stop this idiotic behavior! Don’t be a jerk!

14. Mustn’t vai don’t have to?

1. We mustn’t / don’t have to forget to take the turkey out of the freezer so we can cook it today.

2. Gabriel, you mustn’t / don’t have to leave your clothes all over the floor.

3. The deadline for my project isn’t until next week. I mustn’t / don’t have to rush.

4. On Saturdays and Sundays I mustn’t / don’t have to get up early. But usually I do.

5. Leo, hurry up! You mustn’t / don’t have to be late for your job interview.

6. You mustn’t / don’t have to leave your valuables in the car. They might get stolen.

7. You mustn’t / don’t have to be here at seven for the party. You can come any time.

8. Annie told me a secret. I’m sharing it with you now but you mustn’t / don’t have to tell it to anyone.


1. Minun täytyy lähteä juuri nyt.

2. Sinun täytyy vitsailla!

3. Sinun ei tarvitse mennä töihin.

4. Et saa jättää ovea auki!

5. Täytyikö sinun mennä eilen kouluun?


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6. Minun on täytynyt pestä auto kolme kertaa tällä viikolla.

7. Meidän täytyi juosta tänä aamuna kouluun.

8. Jos tulet sairaaksi, minun täytyy pitää esitelmä yksin.

9. Kaikkien täytyisi maksaa lipuista enemmän, jos joku peruisi.

10. Meidän ei ole koskaan tarvinnut varata lippuja ennakkoon.

16. Käännä suomeksi. Kiinnitä erityistä huomiota korostettuihin ilmauksiin.

1. He must be very tired. He’s been working all day long.

2. We must have had extra heating on because our electricity bill was huge.

3. Look at that suntan! You must have been somewhere sunny on vacation.

4. I can’t find my wallet. Someone must have stolen it from my pocket.

5. She must have been gorgeous when she was young. She is still beautiful.

6. He looks so satisfied all the time. He must be doing well at work and at home.

7. It’s five o’clock already. Meg must be in the bus right now. She’ll be here soon.

8. Why isn’t she here yet? She must have forgotten out date.


1. Sinun täytyy ajaa varovasti.

2. Sinun pitää opiskella kolme ensimmäistä kappaletta kokeeseen.

3. Sinun tulee käyttää turvavyötä.


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4. Kasvien täytyy saada valoa ja vettä kasvaakseen.

5. Katso tuota lumen määrää. Ulkona on varmaan tosi mukavaa.

6. Viime yönä on varmasti satanut.

7. Sinun ei tarvitse ottaa passia mukaasi.

8. Minun piti kävellä kolme kilometriä kouluun, kun olin nuori.

9. Menimme ulos päivälliselle, jotta äidin ei tarvinnut kokata.

10. He ovat varmaan lähteneet aikaisin. Eikö heidän tarvinnut olla täällä loppuun asti?

11. Kakku täällä on herkullista. Sinun täytyy kokeilla sitä.

12. Sen täytyi olla äitini, joka soitti.

13. Tuon täytyy olla Sheilan poikaystävä. Hän sanoi, että hänellä on punaiset hiukset..

14. Matkustajien tulee pysyä istumassa kunnes kone on pysähtynyt.

Apuverbit – kaikki tapaukset

18. Fill in the gaps.

1. You at my poor jokes. (ei tarvitse nauraa)

2. I to my friends. (en ole koskaan voinut valehdella)

3. You late on school nights. (et saa valvoa)

4. Fred his English essay twice. (on ollut pakko kirjoittaa)

5. You all the housework alone. (ei tarvitse tehdä)

6. Dad his mobile phone! (ei ole voinut kadottaa)

7. You this. (et ehkä usko)

8. Andrew our date. (on saattanut unohtaa)

9. She really tired when she did it. (on täytynyt olla)

10. I another month for my exam results. (täytyy odottaa)

11. If we hurry, we there in time. (saattaisimme olla)


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12. He more careful. (olisi voinut olla)

13. I the violin when I was little. (osasin soittaa)

14. Our guide water in the desert. (oli pystynyt löytämään)

15. It would be nice . (osata neuloa)

16. that chair for me? (Voisitko siirtää)

17. You first! (olisit voinut soittaa)

18. I to buy bread. (täytyy muistaa)

19. Yesterday I my dog with me to work. (täytyi viedä)

20. Frank Rosie a love letter if she asked him to.

(saattaisi lähettää)

21. Mary yet because her car is still in the driveway!

(ei ole voinut lähteä)

22. There _ some cheese in the fridge. I remember buying it. (on varmasti)

23. me? (Kykenisitkö auttamaan)

24. We that!

(Emme olisi koskaan kyenneet tekemään)

25. Julie excited. (on varmaankin ollut)


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Keys

Key 1

1. John can speak German.

2. I can’t / cannot hear you.

3. Can you help me with my assignment, please?

4. I can make you a cup of coffee.

5. Can you switch the computer on?

6. Can you come here at once?

7. James could already swim when he was four years old.

8. My grandma could speak nine different languages.

9. When we arrived home, we couldn’t get the door open. / We couldn’t get the door open, when we arrived home.

10. Could you hear what he was saying?

Key 2

1. Pigs can’t fly.

2. I can speak Swedish, English and French.

3. I‘m sure (that) you can win the match/game.

4. Can I help you carry your bag(s)?

5. Can’t/Cannot I ask you a simple question?

6. I could walk a tightrope when I was younger, but now I can’t.

7. Could you pass me the milk, please?

8. He couldn’t go to the festival because his mother said no.

9. It could have rained but it didn’t.

10. You could have helped me.

Key 3

1. able to; wasn’t able to do

2. wasn’t able to get

3. wasn’t able to get ; was able to climb

4. were able to talk

5. hasn’t been able to do sports

6. he will be able to start

7. would have been able to win

8. I’d like to be able to run

9. wouldn’t have been able to join him

10. being able to ride a bike


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Ratkaisut

Key 4

1. could not see nor hear / was not able to see or hear

2. was able to beat

3. could walk

4. could / was able to talk

5. would never be able to see or hear.

6. could not hear / was not able to hear

7. couldn’t speak

8. wasn’t able to play

9. could do / were able to do

10. could do nothing / were able to do nothing / couldn’t do anything / weren’t able to do anything /

were unable to do anything.

11. could send

12. could neither speak nor hear.

13. were able to talk

14. had been able to learn

15. could put

16. could say / she was able to say

17. was able to keep up

18. was able to speak

19. did everything she could

Key 5

1. can’t be

Ulkona ei voi olla pimeää, Kello on vasta puoli viisi iltapäivällä. No, tämä on Suomen talvi.

2. can’t have found

He eivät ole voineet löytää Atlantiksen kadonnutta kaupunkia. Olen varma, että tämä on huijausta.

3. can’t have barked

Koirani ei ole voinut haukkua ulkona viime yönä. Se jäi auton alle viime viikolla ja sen täytyy pysyä sisällä.

4. couldn’t have painted

Hän ei olisi voinut olla maalannut tuota taulua. Hänessä ei ollut taiteilijan hiventäkään.


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Ratkaisut

Key 6

1. May I go out now?

2. Might I go now?

3. You may not have another biscuit, Wilson!

4. She / He may / might come back home next week.

5. It may / might not rain in the afternoon afternoon

6. She / He doesn’t know what to do; She / He may/might ask Helen.

7. Simon might be happier if he had a better job.

8. John might have been happier if he hadn’t moved to the countryside.

9. You might have told me this earlier!

Key 7

1. are not allowed to

2. Am I allowed to ride

3. are not

4. Were you allowed to use

5. have been allowed to use

6. be allowed to drive

7. wouldn’t be allowed to have

8. being allowed to do

9. Iare allowed to hold; aren’t allowed to carry

10. won’t be allowed to use

Key 8

1. may not have

2. may have left

3. is allowed to stay

4. might have done

5. might not pass

6. may become

7. might be

8. are allowed to vote.

9. might be able to help

10. may not


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Ratkaisut

Key 9

1. May / Can I have another piece of cake, please?

2. No you may not / cannot: you already had three.

3. We haven’t been allowed to smoke inside restaurants for ages!

4. Were you allowed to leave work early yesterday?

5. Tom wasn’t allowed to stay home alone.

6. Will you be allowed to come to the movies next week?

7. He might come back if you ask him nicely.

8. He would be allowed to watch the movie if it didn’t start so late.

9. This might / may be the best day of my life.

10. She might have been there on time if she hadn’t missed the bus.

Key 10

1. may / might be

2. may / might be

3. may / might accept

4. may / might have gone

5. may / might come

6. may / might; be

7. may / might have been / got

8. may / might have dropped

9. may / might have missed

10. may / might have tried to call

Key 11

1. We must tidy up our room(s).

2. You mustn’t play with fire.

3. You mustn’t cheat in a test.

4. You must stop when the traffic lights turn red.

5. We must do more exercise to stay fit.

6. This was a nice evening. We must meet again soon.

7. We mustn’t give up when we are so close to finish(ing).

8. You mustn’t annoy your kid/little sisters.


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Ratkaisut

Key 12

1. a) has to b) Does Simon have to c) Simon doesn’t have to

2. a) had to be b) Did we have to be c) We didn’t have to be

3. a) has had to study b) Has Carl had to study c) Carl hasn’t had to study

4. a) had had to run b) Had Gareth had to run c) Gareth hadn’t had to run

5. a) will have to have b) Will my family have to have c) My family will have to have

6. a) would have to get b) Would we have to get c) We wouldn’t have to get

7. a) would have had to stay b) Would I have had to stay c) wouldn’t have had to stay

8. a) to have to do b) – c) not to have to do

9. a) To have had to learn b) – c) Not to have had to learn

10. a) having to write b) – c) not having to write

Key 13

1. had to

2. have to

3. must / have to

4. have to

5. had to

6. will have to

7. have to

8. must / have to

Key 14

1. mustn’t

2. mustn’t

3. don’t have to

4. don’t have to

5. mustn’t

6. mustn’t

7. don’t have to

8. mustn’t


17

Ratkaisut

Key 15

1. I must / have to / need to leave right now.

2. You must be joking.

3. You don’t have to / need to go to work.

4. You mustn’t leave the door open.

5. Did you have to / need to go to school yesterday?

6. I have had to wash the car three times this week.

7. We had to run to school this morning.

8. If you get sick, I will have to give the presentation alone.

9. Everybody would have to pay more for the tickets if someone cancelled.

10. We have never had to book the tickets in advance.

Key 16

1. Hän on varmasti hyvin väsynyt. Hän on tehnyt töitä koko päivän.

2. Meillä on varmaankin ollut lisälämpö päällä, koska sähkölaskumme oli niin suuri.

3. Vau, mikä rusketus! Sinä olet taatusti ollut jossain aurinkoisessa paikassa lomalla.

4. En löydä lompakkoani. Jonkun on täytynyt varastaa se taskustani.

5. Hän on varmaankin ollut upea nuorena. Hän on vieläkin kaunis.

6. Hän on niin tyytyväisen näköinen kaiken aikaa. Hänellä menee varmasti hyvin töissä ja kotona.

7. Kello on jo seitsemän. Meg on varmaankin nyt bussissa. Hän on täällä pian.

8. Miksi hän ei ole täällä vielä? Hän on varmaankin unohtanut tapaamisemme.

Key 17

1. You have to / must drive carefully.

2. You have to / must study the first three chapters for the test.

3. You have to / must wear a seatbelt.

4. Plants have to / must have light and water to grow.

5. Look at that amount of snow. It must be really nice outside.

6. It must have rained last night.

7. You don’t have to take your passport with you.

8. I had to walk three kilometers to school when I was young.

9. We went out to dinner so mother didn’t have to cook.

10. They must have left early. Didn’t they have to stay here till the end?

11. The cake here is delicious. You have to / must try it.

12. That must have been my mother calling me.

13. That must be Sheila’s boyfriend. She said (that) he has red hair.

14. Passengers must / have to remain seated until the plane has stopped/ come to a stop.


18

Ratkaisut

Key 18

1. don’t have to laugh

2. have never been able to lie

3. are not allowed to stay up

4. has had to write

5. don’t have to do

6. can’t have lost

7. may / might not believe

8. may/might have forgotten

9. must have been

10. will have to wait

11. might be

12. could have been

13. could / was able to play

14. had been able to find

15. to be able to knit.

16. Could you move

17. could have called

18. have to/must remember

19. had to take

20. might send

21. can’t have left

22. must be

23. Would you be able to help

24. would never have been able to do

25. must have been


19

Ratkaisut

0ldj tukip ins4 apuverbit...10. ing-muoto: a) i talk a lot about essays. there are so many of them....

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