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34 PODOABELE DIN METAL DIN ARIA KGK VI – RECONSTRUIREA CADRULUI SOCIAL. CONTEXT ARHEOLOGIC VERSUS TIPOLOGIE Adelina - Elena Darie * Cuvinte cheie: podoabe, cupru, aur, tipologie, context arheologic, social. Keywords: ornaments, copper, gold, typology, archaeological context, social. Rezumat: 6WXGLXO FXPXOHD]ă R VHULH GH REVHUYDаLL ЮL GH LSRWH]H SULYLQG asocierea între cadrul social – IRUPH WLSRORJLFH GHULYDWH GLQ FXQRDЮWHUHD GDWHORU SULYLQG FRQWH[WXO DUKHRORJLF GLVWULEXаLD FDWHJRULLORU GH SLHVH vQ IXQFаLH GH WLSXO GH VLW (zone de locuire/FRQWH[W IXQHUDU GH XQGH VH SRW IRUPXOD LSRWH]H SULYLQG IXQFаLLOH DUWHIDFWHORU $VWIHO R DWHQаLH GHRVHELWă D IRVW DFRUGDWă SRGRDEHORU GLQ FXSUX ЮL DXU SUHFXP EUăаăULOH GH WLS 'XUankulak, piesele din aur, acele de tiS SRGRDEă DFFHVRULLOH dentare, accesoriile de tip 2KUSIO|FNFKHQ ЮL 0XQGQlJHO XUPăULQG SRVLELOH WLSDUHDVHPăQăUL SULYLQG GHSXQHUHD DFHVWRUD FHHD FH DOăWXUL GH IXQFаLLOH DVRFLDWH SRW constitui componente ale cadrului social. Abstract: This article sums up the hypotheses generated regarding the DVVRFLDWLRQ EHWZHHQ WKH VRFLDO FRQWH[W DQG WKH W\SRORJLFDO IRUPV GHULYHG IURP WKH archaeological context (the distribution of metal ornaments in the habitation areas and funerary context), from wKLFK FHUWDLQ LQWHUSUHWDWLYH K\SRWKHVHV FDQ EH IRUPHG )XUWKHUPRUH LPSRUWDQW DWWHQWLRQ ZDV JLYHQ WR WKH FRSSHU DQG JROG RUQDPHQWV VXFK DV the Durankulak type bracelets, the pins used as ornaments, the dental accessories and the Ohrpfl|FNFKHQ 0XQGQlJHO DFFHVRULHV IROORZLQJ WKH SRVVLEOH SDWWHUQV GHULYHG IURP their deposition. Together with the associated functions they can constitute components of the social framework. Introducere &RQWH[WXO VRFLDO HVWH VLQRQLP FX VXPD vPSUHMXUăULORU VDX FRQMXFWXULORU vQ Fare VH GHVIă܈RDUă DFWLYLWă܊LOH XPDQH DUWHIDFWHOH Iiind instrumentele prin care se GHUXOHD]ă vQGHOHWQLFLULOH FRPXQLWă܊LORU SUHLVWRULFH 6WXGLXO SUH]HQW YL]HD]ă FRPSRQHQWD VRFLDOă D DUWHIDFWHORU GH WLS SRGRDEă GLQ metal. )XQF܊LRQDOLWDWHD DFHVWRUD HVWH GDWă GH FRQWH[WXO DUKHRORJLF SURGXF܊LD UăVSkQGLUHD ܈L UHSURGXFHUHD DUWHIDFWHORU GH DFHOD܈L WLS VXQW PDUFDWH GH UHOD܊LLOH GH VFKLPE VWDELOLWH vQWUH JUXSXULOH FRQWHPSRUDQH $FHDVWă WHRULH HVWH H[HPSOLILFDWă GH $ Appadurai FDUH GLVFXWă VLVWHPXO kula 1 creat întUH JUXSXULOH 0DVVLP FH ORFXLHVF vQ LQVXOHOH GLQ 1RXD *XLQHH FDUH VFKLPEDX RELHFWH GH WLS SRGRDEă H[ GLQ VFRLFL * 0X]HXO 0XQLFLSLXOXL %XFXUH܈WL. 1 $SSDGXUDL S

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Page 1: 0X]HXO0XQLFLSLXOXL%XFXUHWL $SSDGXUDL S...'luhf llohghfhufhwduhsulylqgfrqwh[wxovrfldoghexwhd]sulq frqwulex ldoxl *rugrq&klogh fduhdffhqwxhd]uroxodukhrorjlhlvqvwxglxofrpxqlwlorusuh lvwrulfh

34

PODOABELE DIN METAL DIN ARIA KGK VI – RECONSTRUIREA CADRULUI SOCIAL. CONTEXT ARHEOLOGIC

VERSUS TIPOLOGIE

Adelina - Elena Darie*

Cuvinte cheie: podoabe, cupru, aur, tipologie, context arheologic, social. Keywords: ornaments, copper, gold, typology, archaeological context, social. Rezumat:

asocierea între cadrul social –

(zone de locuire/

ankulak, piesele din aur, acele de tidentare, accesoriile de tip

constitui componente ale cadrului social. Abstract: This article sums up the hypotheses generated regarding the

archaeological context (the distribution of metal ornaments in the habitation areas and funerary context), from w

the Durankulak type bracelets, the pins used as ornaments, the dental accessories and the Ohrpfltheir deposition. Together with the associated functions they can constitute components of the social framework.

Introducere

are iind instrumentele prin care se

metal.

Appadurai kula1 creat înt

* . 1

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35

Gordon Childe2

unei

Aceste ipoteze au aplicabili -

-- -

-

G. Clark3

4 la

Africi -

comunitatea de sentim 5

L. Binford6 introduce termenul de sistem cultural

-culturale sau la cele determinate de mediul

între func

apartene

7. Amplul

autoritate care conduc la formarea elitelor sociale. 8

2 Childe 1949. 3 Clark 1934; p. 4. 4 Chang - p. 5. 5 Chang 6 Binford 1962. 7 8

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36

9

operator în care sunt incluse.

de linii naturale – -balcanic în cazul de – în care s-au constituit grupuri sociale aflate în continuitate t -au realizat etapele metalurgiei cupr

Ap C. Chang pr ul comunitate-

Spondylus, -se pmetale -

tipologice au mediului

funerar?

pattern-

- - . ririle de

podoabe din metal din aria - de tell,

-- -

zonele de locuire -La Pod, -Chitila- -Olt,

Pietrele-Sultana-

- - Chirnogi- ilor, Chirnogi- Chirnogi-

- -.

contextul arhe-

9 Appadurai 1986.

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37

Durankulak:

realizate din cupru identificate în necropola de la Durankulak în

capete suprapuse di ; -Spondylus, ;

topor -

Spondylus, - în

asociere cu mor

realizate din Spondylus, membrelor super

Durankulak

Durankulak,

din

tija -

tell --ar putea

10

11 - 12

neo- -

– accesoriile dentare din cupru. Pe baza datelor de acest tip au fost

10 Todo 11 p. 99. 12

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38

ntare din cupru.

Context arheologic

Tip artefacte Dispunere pe scheletul uman

Bibliografie

- drept” Fig. 6.

-

cupru stâng”

-

Ac din cupru ”

-

cupru

Între membrele

coaste” Fig. 41.

Tabel 1. -

Accesoriile de tip – –

Dur – – 13 . Aceste piese de forma unor sau piercing-uri

-o serie de împuns

14

ilor

descoperirea ansamblului de podoabe din aur de la Sultana- 15 într-

16 -

r de piese.

- 17, – -La Pod18 19 -

saltaleone,

13 14 15 -18. 16 -46. 17 18

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silex – din Spondylus

din aur19 -20

21.

au fost

.

r realizat din Spondylus Dentalium le

ase

unor ritualuri funera 22.

23

morminte tip

24 LA- -MS pentru piesele ti 25

cenotaf din necropola de la

19 et alii 20 21 Andreescu et alii -79. 22 23 24 Leusch et alii 25 Leusch et alii

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40

Spondylus i Dentalium.

cenotaf

urilor26.

Material M232 Varna I

M258 Varna II-III

M361 Hamangia IV

M382 Varna I

M453 Varna I

M535 Varna I

M539 Varna I

Silex

Corn

Spondylus

Dentalium 27

Cupru

Malachit

cu ornamente din cupru

Tabel 2. Necropola de la Durankulak. ilor prime în morminte cenotaf,

-balcanic se

impune

Context arheologic

Durankulak

Accesorii tip Ohrpflöckchen

- M54 Accesorii tip

Tabel. 3. Durankulak i a accesoriilor tip piercing în

26 27 Asociere malachit-lignit-Dentalium;

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41

re tip Durankulak

Zone de locuire Context funerar

• •

• •

• •

• •

Cercei din cupru • figurine cu ornamente •

Cercei din aur • •

• •

Coliere • •

• •

Saltaleone • •

Accesorii dentare din cupru •

• •

Ac din aur •

Bucrania • •

Diademe din cupru • figurine cu ornamente

Diademe din aur •

• figurine cu ornamente

Accesorii tip Ohrpflöckchen •

Accesorii tip •

Figurine din os cu ornamente din cupru •

Figurine din os cu ornamente din aur •

Figurine din lut cu ornamente din cupru •

Tabel 4.

- -

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42

Bibliografie / Bibliography

- - -76. Andreescu et alii Noi

- -93.

29-40. Angelov 1959 1-

- 46. Appadurai 1986 The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural

.

-173. Binford 1962 Archaeology as anthropology

–225. Chang 1958New World rican Anthropologist -334.

Fragmentation in Archaeology: People, Places and .

Parts and Wholes: Fragmentation in Prehistoric Context. Childe 1949 Social Worlds of Knowledge.

– 50 years later. Eight years of –

Ten years after: The Neolithic of The the last decade of research. Proceedings of the Conference held at the Museum of Banat

- -84. Clark 1934 Archaeology and the state –428.

Analele BanatuluiSerie Arheologie – -194.

Figurines in Pietrele Documenta Praehistorica 17-129.

Tezaurul de la Sultana - -18.

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43

Hodder 1982: Culture. Cambridge 1982. Ilie et alii

Studii de Preistorie -150.

Berichte der AG Neolithikum –256. Leusch et alii Chalcolithic gold from Varna –

– -182.

Leusch et alii On the –

Cambridge Archaeological – 376.

Leusch et alii Precise and accurate of gold – a case study-

Archaeology – 113 - .

Despre obiectele de aur din Eneoliticul sud-est european – Muzeul -47.

KnowledgesA companion to Social Archaeology, -22.

Renfrew 1984 Approaches to Social Archaeology. Rosetti 1939 Steinkupferzeitliche Plastik aus einem Wohnhügel bei Bukarest, -50.

The Varna Eneolithic Cemetery in the Context of the Late Copper Age in the East Balkans, în The lost world of Old Europe, The Danube Valley 5000 - 3500 BC, -210.

Burial and identity in the Late Neolithic and Copper Age of south-east Europe, lucrare de doctorat

Studies in the prehistory of southeastern Europe -62.

Der kupferzeitliche Schmuck Bulgariens,

. Teil

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44

Kodjadermen-Gumelni a-

Plate I. Distribution of metal ornaments in Kodjadermen- - .

Plate II.

Plate III. IV. Ohrpflöckchen,

Plate IV. Distribution of dental accesories and Ohrpfl

- - Accesorii

tip piercing: 1.

– et alii 2001

Saltaleone: 10- -

Buc Leusch et alii Marghitu

Plate V. Gold ornaments from the Kodjadermen- - Piercing accesories: 1.

Saltaleone: 10- -

Leusch et alii Marghitu

16. –

Plate VI. –

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45

-

Plate VII.

10 -

. Necropola Durankulak: 26. M253 – Durankulak -

Plate VIII. – -

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46

Plan

șa I. Distrib

u�ia p

odoab

elor d

in m

etal în aria K

odjad

ermen

-Gum

elni�a-K

aranovo

VI.

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47

Pla

nșa

II.

Dis

trib

u�i

a podoab

elor

din

met

al în

zonel

e de

locu

ire

din

ari

a K

GK

VI.

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48

Plan

șa III. Distrib

u�ia p

odoab

elor d

in m

etal în n

ecropolele d

in aria K

GK

VI.

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Pla

nșa

IV

. D

istr

ibu�i

a ac

ceso

riil

or

den

tare

și a

pie

selo

r de

tip O

hrp

flöck

chen

, M

undnäg

el î

n a

ria

KG

KV

I.

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50

Planșa V. Podoabe din aur în spa�iul Kodjadermen-Gumelni�a-Karanovo VI.Accesorii tip 1. Varna, M3 (Todorova, Vajsov 2001, Taf. 8, 92(2); 2. Varna,piercing:

M 134 (Taf. 8, 90, 2); 3. Sava, M6 (Taf. 8, 93); 4. Durankulak, M558 (Todorova2002, p. 58); 5. Vărăști– M54 (Marghitu 2014, 45, 2); 6. Varna,Grădiștea Ulmilor,

M2 (Todorova 2001 Taf. 8, 91); 7. Varna, M15 (Todorova, Vajsov 2001, Taf.et alii

8, 87, 28); 8. Varna, M43 (Todorova, Vajsov 2001, Taf. 8, 88, 2); 9. Varna, M1 (Taf.8, 89).Saltaleone: 10-11. Bucșani (Marghitu 2014, 42; Bem 2001, p. 165); 12. Sultana-Malu Roșu (foto Amariei M.); 13. Goljamo Delcevo, M25 (Todorova, Vajsov 2001,Taf. 2, 30).Bucrania: 14. Varna, M36 ( Leusch 2016, Fig. 7, 7); 15. Gumelni�a (Marghituet alii

2014, p. 36) ără scară).(f

1 2 3 4

5 67

8 9

10 11 12 13

1415

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51

Planșa VI. Reprezentări antropomorfe din lut: 16. Vitănești (Andreescu 2017, p.33, 1); 17. Ezerovo (foto Muzeul din Varna – A. Darie); 18. Dinja (Todorova,

Vajsov 2001, Taf. 54, 604); 19. Kubrat (Taf. 54, 608); 20. Mască din lut cuornamente din aur, M2, necropola de la Varna (Krauß 2012 p. 242) (fără scară).

16 17

18 19

20

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Planșa VII. Necropola Durankulak. Accesorii dentare: 21. M346 (Todorova 2002,Tabl. 44, 13, 13a); 22. M826 (Tabl. 137, 17, 17A); 23. M376 (Tabl. 51, 10, 10a); 24.M447 (Tabl. 69, 1, 1a); Accesorii decorative din aur dispuse la nivelul urechii: 25.

M558 (Tabl 94, 1-4) (fără scară).

25

23

21 22

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53

Planșa VIII. Necropola Durankulak: 26. M253 – cenotaf cu bră�ară tip Durankulak

(Todorova 2002, Abb 40); 27. M453 (Abb. 258); 28-29. M514 (Tabl . 83) (fărăscară).

27

26

28-29