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Gases surrounding Earth.

The average weather over a long period of time.

Climate

The movement of air due to different pressures

Wind

Violent destructive whirling wind accompanied by a funnel-shaped cloud that moves over a narrow path over land. Violent wind storm.

Tornado

A storm with lightening and thunder.

Thunderstorm

A white or gray mass in the sky that is made of many very small drops of water or water crystals.

Cloud

Small drops of water that form on a cold surface.

Condensation

Water that falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet or hail.

Precipitation

To change from liquid to gas form.

Evaporation

The passage of watery vapor from a living body, such as a plant through a membrane.

Transpiration

The action or process of making air dirty and unsafe.

Air Pollution

A dramatic change in Earth’s Climate and past when a large part of the world was covered in ice.

Ice Age

The weight of the air in the Earth’s Atmosphere.

Air Pressure

The transfer of thermal energy by electromagnetic waves.

Radiation

The transfer of thermal energy due to collisions between particles

Conduction

The circulation of particles within a material caused by differences in thermal energy and density.

Convection

Caused by certain gases in the atmosphere that entrap infrared radiation which warms the Earth and lower atmosphere.

Greenhouse Effect

The apparent deflection of moving object. That all wind blows straight, but appears to blow curved.

Coriolis Effect

A wind that blows almost constantly to the west and towards the equator.

Trade Winds

A strong current of fast winds high above the Earth’s surface.

Jet Stream

The state of the air and atmosphere at a particular time and place.

Weather

The amount of moisture in the air.

Humidity

The ratio of the amount of water vapor actually present in the air to the greatest temperature of the day.

Relative Humidity

A body of air with horizontally uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure

Can extend hundreds miles horizontally and sometimes as high as the stratosphere.

Air Mass

The boundary of air in-between two different densities.

Front

An extreme large, powerful, and destructive story with very high winds that turn around an area of low pressure.

Cyclone

Winds that turn around an area of high pressure and can often bring clear dry air.

Anticyclone

Water in the form of a gas

Water Vapor

An instrument used for measuring temperature; Measures the amount of movement particles.

Thermometer

Instrument used to measure air pressure and predict changes in the weather.

Barometer

An instrument for measuring and indicating the force or speed and sometimes direction of the wind.

Anemometer

The height of something above earth.

Elevation

A major ecological community type

Biome

A local climate of usually small site or habitat.

Microclimate

The theory that include:1. All living things are made of cells2. Cells come from only other living cells3. Basic unit and structure of life

Cell Theory

Basic unit of life; Building block of all life

Cell

The semi permeable lining that allows things to flow in and out of the cell.

Cell Membrane

Specialized cellular part

Organelle

The central part of most cells that contains the genetic material; Controls cell functions.

Nucleus

Unicellular microorganisms that lack a distinct nucleus and no membrane bound organelles.

Prokaryote

Have a nucleus that contains the cells DNA; and membrane bound organelles.

Eukaryote

The usually rigid nonliving permeable wall that surrounds the plasma membrane and supports plant cells.

Cell Wall

Small organelles that are the sites of protein synthesis.

Ribosomes

Transports materials within the cell.

Endoplasmatic Reticulum

Organelle that produces energy for the cell through cellular respiration.

Mitochondria

Vesicles that assist in active transportation and modification and transport of proteins.

Golgi Body

Organelle that is responsible for breaking down old organelles

Lysosomes

A material that is made of the same types of cells.

Tissue

Organelle that is the place of Photosynthesis in a plant cell and contains chlorophyll.

Chloroplast

The green substance in plants that makes it possible for them to make food from carbon dioxide and water.

Chlorophyll

Allowing liquids or gases to pass through

Permeable

Substance that carries genetic information in the cells of plants and animals.

DNA

Cellular division which results into two new cells having the same number of chromosomes as the parent nucleus.

Mitosis

Cellular process that results in the number of chromosomes in gamete producing cells in which the daughter cells have half of the parents chromosomes.

Meiosis

The process where particles, liquids and gases move across a region of higher to lower concentration.

Diffusion

The process that causes a liquid to pass through the wall of living cell, mainly water.

Osmosis

The movement of materials across a membrane without the use of energy.

Passive Transport

The movement of particles and materials across a membrane that requires energy.

Active Transport

The process in which a substance gains entry into a cell without passing through the cell membrane.

Endocytosis

The release of cellular substances contained by vesicles by using fusion with the cellular membrane.

Exocytosis

The process by which a green plant turns water and carbon dioxide into food(glucose).

Photosynthesis

The process by which an organism uses food to produce energy. The products are water and Carbon Dioxide.

Cellular Respiration

An anaerobic breakdown of an energy rich compound. Without oxygen.

Fermentation

The part of the cell that contains the genes which control how an animal or plant grows and what it becomes.

Chromosomes

Having the same allelic genes with the same arranged order.

Homologous

Part of the body that has a particular function.

Organ

A group of organs that work together to perform a function.

Organ System

An individual living thing.

Organism

A relatively stable state of equilibrium or tendency toward such a state between the different interdependent elements.

Homeostasis

The passage of liquid water from a living body, such as a sweat from our armpits

Perspiration

The outer layer of an animal.

Epidermis

Any one of the tubes that carry blood from the heart to all parts of the body.

Artery

On of the many VERY small tubes that carry blood within the body. Smallest kind of blood vessels.

Capillary

Any one of the tubes that carry blood from parts of the body back to the heart.

Vein

The artery that conveys blood from the heart to the lungs.

Pulmonary Artery

The movement of blood through the body that is caused by pumping action of the heart.

Circulation

The part of the cardiovascular system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

Systematic Circulation

The red liquid that flows through the bodies of people and animals.

Blood

The pressure exerted by circulating blood upon the walls of blood vessels and is one of the principal vital signs.

Blood Pressure

A pale fluid that contains white blood cells that passes through channels in the body and helps to keep bodily tissues healthy.

Lymph

One of the many rounded masses of tissue in the body through which lymph passes to be filtered and cleaned.

Lymph Node

A glandular structure of largely lymphoid tissue that functions especially in the development of the bodies immune systems.

Thymus

Organ located near your stomach that destroys worn out red blood cells and produces white blood cells.

Spleen

The act of breathing; The physical and chemical process by which an organism supplies its cells and tissues with oxygen needed for metabolism and to produce energy.

Respiration

The part of your mouth where the passages of the nose connect to your mouth and throat.

Pharynx

Voice box;

Larynx

A long tube in your neck and chest that carries air into and out of your lungs.

Trachea

The two primary divisions of the trachea that lead respectively into the right and left lung.

Bronchus

A small air containing compartment of the lungs in which the bronchioles terminate and from which respiratory gases are exchanged with the pulmonary capillaries.

Alveolus

The tube that leads from the mouth through the throat to the stomach.

Esophagus

A large gland of the body that is near the stomach and that produces insulin and other substances that help the body digest food.

Pancreas

A large vascular organ that secretes bile and causes important changes in many of the substances contained in the blood.

Liver

The organ in the body which bile from the liver is stored.

Gallbladder

Either of two organs in the your body that remove waste products from your blood and make urine.

Kidney

A cell that carries messages between the brain and other parts of the body and that is the basic unit of the nervous system.

Neuron

The one of many thin parts that control movement and feeling carrying messages between the brain and other parts of the body.

Nerve

The tissue at the back of the eye that receives images and sends signals to the brain about what is seen.

Retina

The part of the inner ear that contains the endings of the nerve that carries information about sound to the brain.

Cochlea

Natural substance that is produced in the body and that influences the way the body grows or develops.

Hormones

The usually long and single nerve-cell process that usually conducts impulses away from the cell body.

Axon

The ability of an organism to reproduce on its own, by itself.

Asexual Reproduction

Male and female needed to reproduce.

Sexual Reproduction

Animal reproductive body consisting of an ovum together with its nutritive and protective envelope.

Egg

A cell that is produced by a male and used for reproduction.

Sperm

A human or animal in the early stages of development.

Embryo

A human being or animal in the later stages of development before its born.

Fetus/Baby

A microscopic single-celled organism found in many environments

Bacteria

Animal-like protists that eat other organisms or decaying parts of other organisms

Protozoa

Something that causes disease

Pathogen

A substance produced by the body to fight disease.

Antibody

Caused by autoantibodies or T cells that attack molecules, cells or tissues of the organism producing them.

Autoimmune

A preparation of a portion of a pathogen's structure that upon administration stimulates antibody production or cellular immunity against the pathogen

Vaccines

A serious disease by cells that are not normal and that can spread to one of the many parts of the body.

Cancer

The substances in which plant and animals need to live and grow.

Nutrient

Natural process by which physical and mental qualities are passed from parent to child.

Heredity

A genetic trait that is expressed in a person who has only one copy of a gene.

Dominant Trait

When two copies of the same genetic material are present.

Recessive Trait

Any of the alternative forms of a gene that may occur at the given location.

Allele

The observable properties of an organism that are produced by the interaction of the genotypes and environment.

Phenotype

All or part of the genetic constitution of an individual or group.

Genotype

The history of the family members in a persons family or animals past.

Pedigree

Any several compounds that consist of a ribose or deoxyribose sugar joined to a purine base and to a phosphate group.

Nucleotide

A change in genes of a plant or animal that causes physical characteristics that are different from normal.

Mutation

The things that you do to keep yourself and your surroundings clean in order to maintain good health.

Hygiene

a general term for the research activity that creates a copy of some biological entity (a gene or organism or cell)

Cloning

A substance that carries genetic information in the cells of plants and animals.

DNA

A substance in the cells of plants and animals that helps make proteins.

RNA

a disease in which there is usually too much sugar in the blood

Diabetes

An individual living thing made up of one or many cells that is capable of growing and reproducing

Organism

A substance found in foods that is important of the human diet.

Protein

The act or process of moving

Motion

The rate at which someone or something moves.

Speed

The rate of change of position along a straight line with respect to time.

Velocity

The act or process of moving faster; The rate at which speed of moving object changes over time. Change of velocity.

Acceleration

Physical strength, power or effect; Energy exerted or brought to bear

Force

The unit of force in the meter-kilogram-second system equal to the force required to impart an acceleration of one meter per second to a mass of one kilogram.

Newton

The force that causes a moving object to slow down when it is touching another object.

Friction

The natural force that tends to cause objects to move towards each other; causes things to fall towards earth.

Gravity

How much something weighs, the heaviness of an object.

Weight

The property of a body that causes it to have weight in a gravitational field. Amount of matter in an object.

Mass

The velocity when a falling object is no longer accelerating; The force due to gravity is equal to the opposing force of air resistance.

Terminal Velocity

Is any motion of a body where its weight is the only force acting upon it.

Free Fall

Is a form of motion in which an object or particle is thrown near the earth’s surface.

Projectile Motion

The property of matter by which it retains its state of rest or its velocity along a straight line so long as it is not acted upon by an external force.

Inertia

The force or speed of movement; The product of mass and velocity.

Momentum

The first object in relation to a second object.

Reference Point

The location of an object at a particular place and time.

Position

The properties of attraction possessed by magnets.

Magnetism

The energy of a body or a system with respect to the motion of the body or particles in the system.

Kinetic Energy

The energy of a body or a system with respect to the position of the body of the arrangement of the particles of the system.

Potential Energy

Sum of potential energy and kinetic energy.

Mechanical Energy

A non motorized device that changes the direction of force to ease work.

Simple Machines

Any type of liquid or solid water that falls to Earth’s surface such as rain, snow, or hail

Precipitation

Two or more simple machines working together.

Compound Machine

Materials that nourish the body

Nutrient

The continuous process by which carbon is exchanged between organisms and the environment

Carbon Cycle

The continuous movement of water in Earth, through its atmosphere, and in living things on Earth

Water Cycle

Cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms. The ability to do work.

Energy

Product of force on an object.

Work

The process of change over time

Evolution

To push with force; To make a sudden, strong forward movement.

Thrust

To move something to a higher position; rise up from the ground

Lift

A principle in hydrodynamics: pressure in a stream of fluid is reduced as the speed of the flow is increased.

Bernoulli’s Principle

Indicates that the upward buoyant force that is exerted on a body immersed in a fluid whether fully or partially submerged is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces.

Archimedes Principle

Unit of measure for electrical power.

Watt

A surface that makes an oblique angle with a plane of the horizon.

Inclined Plane

A wheel or set of wheels that is used with a rope, chain, etc. To lift or lower heavy objects.

Pulley

A bar that is used to lift and move something heavy.

Lever

One of the round parts underneath a car or wagon that rolls and allows something to move.

Wheel

Is the principle of fluid mechanics that states that pressure exerted anywhere in a confined incompressible fluid in transmitted equally in all directions.

Pascal’s Principle

A metal fastener having a tapered shank with a helical thread and topped with a slotted head.

Screw

A simple machine that has two faces at an acute angle.

Wedge

The SI unit of work or energy, equal to work done by a force of one newton when its point of application moves through a distance or one meter in the direction of the force.

Joule

To draw with force, effort or difficulty; pull heavily or slowly along.

Drag

Law stating that energy can not be created or destroyed, but can change forms.

Law of Conservation of Energy

Capable of flowing freely like water.

Fluid

The weight or force that is produced when something presses or pushes against something else.

Pressure

The time and rate at which work is done or energy emitted or transferred; supplying energy; physical might

Power

A piece of equipment with moving parts that dies work when it is given power from electricity, gasoline, etc.

Machine

A phagocytic tissue cell of the immune system that may be fixed or freely motile; Functions as a way destroy bacteria and viruses.

Macrophage

A substance produced by the body to fight a disease.

Antibody

A medical condition that causes someone to become sick after eating, touching, or breathing something that is harmless to most people.

Allergy

A drug that affects the brain and that is usually dangerous and illegal.

Narcotic

The process by which some organisms use light energy to join carbon dioxide and water to make nutrients

Photosynthesis

The unhealthy condition that results from not eating enough food or not eating enough healthy food.

Malnutrition

The SI unit of pressure or stress, equal to one newton per square meter.

Pascal

the condition of being abnormally dependent on some habit

Addiction

an extremely large, powerful, and destructive storm with very strong winds

Best team at NCMS

Hurricane

dominant prevailing wind patterns that blow in a fairly constant, steady direction across our earth

Global Winds