1 243654798;:=@5bac8;3 - mac os x servertokita/2001yitp_pape… ·  · 2001-11-06bd{ehgjioh $a sÙ...

10

Upload: lenguyet

Post on 09-Apr-2018

214 views

Category:

Documents


2 download

TRANSCRIPT

� � � � � � ��� � � � � � � � ��� �� ��� � � �

������������ "!�#�$&%�'�(�%��")"* +",�-/.�0

1 243654798;:=<?>@5BAC8;3DFE&GIHKJMLONQPKHSRKTFUSV�L?WQXKJ"Y[Z/\^]=_S`SaSJ�Ycb[]"dfehgji?H=kKlSmSnjo=pSqKr�L

s�tf]&u&vxwSY^y{z�|}uxPhLO~c�jGh�?�S�j�"���

����� �@�������h������������������� ���¡S¢ _ ¡¤£¦¥¨§ª© _S«jr¦¬®­�¯{° ¢K± J ¥³²�©µ´ _j¶}·hoSaj¸I¹�e ¢}ºS»}¼¤½ k ¥³¾À¿@Á�© _hÂ}ÃÄ_�rQa

Å · ¥ÇÆ�¿ÉÈ�© yFʤ�"�ONQPKHSR}TFUSV"�xËÌbÍ_SÎcH&�=ÏIÐjÑÄÒ¤T¤e^ÓKÔ}Õ¤Ö}oK×&ÏIÐjÑ=ÒML?Ø}Ùc��IÚSÛ¤ÜxÝSeÞU}ß"e^à}áKâ"ãxä�å&æèçQéÄ]fêëiFì{í&îxH&u}wSYÞícïc��� ¢Sð aMeÄñfòóYcb;]&î�_R}TÄô¤TSÏIÐjÑ=Ò¤yfõövÍ÷ÄøÌb[]&ux]=_QùÄúMLOûövOÚSÛ¤ÜxݤL?U}ßc�"�Sw}Yfe^à}á}â"ãÞ_Kü}ý}þìjtf]¤ÿ{]&u}� ¥�� ¿���© �w=eMgci^HjJhe����/L��{��� �����Sk YQb[]=_����������ö�hg����� �å=ú"!$#"%Sr��Sk ¥'&�© y

ïQ���ÌwÄe(�}k�e$)�* �Sã$+�,jü"-"yhï.� _&ùhe0/�1óãÞ_3254ëu76�8 ãIùQe(9;:=<�>@?BA"Y^�]=_�C/uD6;8�eE6Sr"e@Fc�7GIHKJ�gL2�YIu¤iÄîIe{í¤ïc��� wxúQãÞ_NM06O8�eDPOQ/LR i ØOS º kaSoK°(T;U�V�Wja¤í=_j°�X&�OÊ�Yhí=à}áhH[Z�\�LD]B!�b[]Mu}����4/u6;8 Y^C/u6;8�eKÏÄÐjÑ=Òy[_¤÷&�`cúS]&u}�baKÙ��Kã�+@,}ü�-�e^Ê;Y}â"ã c �$d7e�uFyf_�fOg&e7h vjiIkÞH¤ÏIÐjÑfÒ¤y$lm b[]=×MÏIÐjÑ=Ò@nQy�o�ìjtf] v^�jY^ù¤eÞü�-"ãÞÊ�YhíhãfH vèH&���1;pMJ�LDqó�cY}�cY;_�r�s�e@tIrhac¸he[uë\EvcíhãÞ_�4ëuÄÏ}ÐjÑ=Ò&e0wS` ¬ ¡Ox¤´ efâ�y�ã{ù

eOz$8K_�{}|^_"~h÷;�óYQbO]f_"Cóu=Ï}ÐjÑÄÒ&e$g(� ¬��$���KϤeIXjH"d0�ó\ ´ eO�O?O���xÝjÏ(��O� LE�ë\S���ëwFú"ãÞ_�4ëuD6O8/ãIùhe09;:I<O>@?NA�Yf��g¤Y}uQiK�/�[+�,jü�-�e[uë\EvMíQï��� w=eE�(�QíhãD4/u$�@?;���ÞÝ}ÏSe7�hGIH=â�y"ãDC/u=ÏÄÐjÑ=ÒQe7g(�}U}V��Kã Å"� åFú$�"�Ä_ì(!F_��@��eÄR}TjÏIÐjÑfÒ@nQy;�QåjuSwSYÞy$�@�&Gh�Oü}ý¤�BSåFú{_"+@,Kü�-;�O��e^Ê�YKâQy�cæfufí&uj��� wÄehgciOH@���&ícãÞ_ dFe&gji^H{Î�ÏIÐjÑÄÒ¤TheI2ÀX¤H"dI2�YQb[]Qe7gO� ¢O� yÄs� úS]&uK�{e(�N ciÞP=¡ ¯/b� ?_SÎMÏIÐjÑfÒ¤Th� ¢=¢ �;£N¤�¥?Ñ"¦ÄϤL ~;§QGh� ¨¤Ö}�"�^©}UMyï��j�/�=e{íhã=H&uFP=¡w=ehgSixHSñFòOª�«"e7¬K_�­Kl&íhãÞ_32Bd{ehgjiOH$aSÙ�� 4/u@�(?;���{Ü{Ý}Ï}e[vQyFà}áhH$Z

\ ¬¯®°�²±³��´µ���·¶ ´ Lf�ó�=P=¡ _&ùhe0aSÙ �O_�4 u@�O?"�I�ÄÜ{ÝjÏQeFâ�y�ãÞ_ d{eMghiK�IRjTQÏSÐjÑÒ&LD6��"åFúS]@C/u$�@?����{ÜFÝ}Ï$� Y^¸(¹/å=ú��FP=¡O2BYFñfò�L º"» b[]=_"¼�¬&eE8KkN½"¾ÄÒLxÖ"ux]{°(T�US`SajJheD¿�aQP/æÁÀ@ÂMGKHfkKl"eÞU}ß�LDÃNFQ���

���ÅÄ ÆÈÇÊÉ ���Ë 4/ub6;8�eÞØOSQGfâ;y��O_�C/u6;8&eÞØOSQGfâ�yQy�Ì�ÍS�"�ÏΤâ�y�LÐOÑj��ÒÌv _�iÓkÞHSR

TjÏIÐjÑfÒQe;�(?;���ÄÜxÝ}ÏIy�ÔOÕ��jî � !ctf]0l m b Ô�uI� �;� L ÖØ×�bÞïMi ½�¾IÒ&LE¼(¬"��"w}�"�[��{�|x_ÚÙÜÛcÚ}Û$Ý{ÒjH=â�yQy"Þ ¢ °(T�U;P��;ß"L à�8;ácÖ(ª bÍ_QùIúóæÞeÄR}TSÏIÐjÑâäã·å³æ�çéè'ê³ëíìïîñð³è�æÜò²óÅò�ôöõäò²æø÷ùê�úäû�ü îùå³óÅò²ý�þùò�ü çñõ²ü ðÿ÷

ÒQe(Fc�OÎcH=�OL �"wëb;]��}Ùc�"���&ÏIÐSÑ=ÒQexÎcH=�?ã?¹����O8QGh�x÷{ø�åEJ����}×��;ß�eF°T�U;P��(ß�L �� ������ � ¬���� � ´ ¬ §�´Y?�"���hù¤eÄR}T��¤÷��"�D6;8O6��"L��Ìb;]=_

��� � �"!#"$�&% � � ¬���� �'� ´� �)( � 0+* �-, 0 � */. § � � � . � �-, 0 ¬ ² ´

Ycb _QùÄúóæxLOü/uFR}TSÏIÐjÑ=Ò&L?WQX0�;ßóY1�}Ù b[]=_� � � �2������ 3 ¬ � ¬4��� �2� ´ � �'�-, 0 � �'�65 0 ´ ¬ ¾ ´

Y?�"��� � ãÞ×���ß�e76;8hí=_¦×���ß87@¬ � § � ² �9� �:� �<; (>=&?@= ¶é�+A =CBED � ´ eE���QGKH}R}TjÏIÐjÑÒMã � � . � �E, 0 í=_F79y0GMÿMu/HQdÏC/u$�(?;���ÄÜ=Ý}Ϥ�FH&��� w=eEU ð ãO_JI�K&e�LNM{ÒPO¤ÑÝSÏIÐjÑRQ9¹"e^mSn"�xÖ�uQæ;úS]&u}� =&S � ± ±TA'UWV·� ± ¥¨§9X�© Y^-c]&u}���

interactionrelayed bydynamics withintermediatetime scale

very slowdynamics

very fastdynamics

relayed bymulti-steps

more steps, i.e.,each time scale gap smaller

interaction interaction

Y[Z[Z[\^]E_

Y[Z[\^]`_T =

Y[\^]`_

T = Y[\^]`_

T = Y[\^]E_

T = Y[\^]`_

Y[Za\^]E_Y[Z[Z[\^]`_Y[Z bdc

Y[Z[\^]E_

egf4h igj4k _ml[n hok p ]q\^_ml[n ]

τ1 τ2 τ3Y[Z[Z[\^]`_

τL-1 =

rs Y[Z[Z[\^]`_cY[ZutbY[Za\^]`_vs

Adiabatic approximation:

L -1 = number of steps

τ :each time scale gapL :system size

ss

w §ax ½;¾IÒQeOpjq w �w=e0½;¾IÒjíMãÞ_j°(T�UzyN{�|ÄÑJ}KÑ~�M¬®×���ß�eÞØ�S�Gfâ;y��OË}· ´ _ *. §�¿ ��ßQT¤e �}Ù

t���e�� Xce/yN{P|ÄÑ�}KÑQL?WhX=�ÚÙ Ñ�}=ÒQe{R}TjÏIÐjÑ=Ò@n�L � %E�C%`�<� ( *�� , 0 � §9X�X YbÀ;»"�b[]=_"¼@¬&eE8��O�@�/L?sëi6�8��O�0����À���4/u���ß ¬C7 � §�´ e'����yN{P|{Ñ�}Se�FcLD6/\^]=_�À��4/u���ß��^÷��"L2� wbD!�aSÙ��O_�À��Cëu���ß ¬C7 � ; ´ e[C/u=RjTjÏ}ÐjÑ=Ò&e7»Sâ�G ¬®Ø"SQG ´ â"y/�D6}rMy/� wS�P�dSiÞPcLF�����J�J���¤�"��â�yóYcb[]=_BÝ/�hÏÄH"d^yFWhX����;»KâQy¤ï¤����Ý/�hÏjãÞ_=�ÞݤÚÏIÐjÑ=ÒheDc æ dIyP�}ÝjÚÄÏIÐjÑ=Ò&���J�MåFú��Fyf_ w=eDaKÙ����J�&åFú&�{eSãKï/v�ì{í�c æ dícïjtf]FØOSQGfâ�yhíhãfH v _ wÞúM��� \Þ][Ô æ�P¤eD©}U�L�N�}�"�SwSYÞy[­Kl"e�H��Qí¤ïc���ì[�Ä_J�hïMiÞR}TjÏIÐSÑ=ÒQe'��ßQT�YFe"£B¤ÞÑL¥E¦ÄÏÄyf_N�cÿ  �Fc�¤gI�baKÙ�L?�S�ÌbÍ_�¡"�¢�KP���(»Kâ��¤gK�baKÙ�L?�S�¤�"����­Klhí0£"Ò"�?`SajJce^mSn&e�¤�Y=ãO_¦¥¨§���£"Ò�!{Jhe{D

ESUSV�LfR}TjÏIÐjÑ=Ò¤yF¶ª©¤�x÷ÄøÌb!ÄJ"Ycb[]$� \[_}×cDFE/LD�hGh�?ØKÙc�"�[lSk�e¬« X"Ycb]$fOg&eÞâ�y�L¨­�®S�"�SYIu¤iIwSYÞícïc�[�

¯ °²±R³µ´·¶¹¸ º�»¼¾½�¿ ÀÁ�Â�ÃPÄ�Å�ÆO_8ÇÉÈaÊgË:Ì@Í Î�Ï�Ð}_8ÑÓÒÈ�ÔgÔCÕ`Ë+Ê1Î�Ï�ÐzÖ¦×0Ø Ù¦Ú�_NÛ�¿¨ÃPÄ�ÅÝÜ�¿�ÞzÆ�ßà á�â ܨãä�Ø�åJæNç/èNéê�Ö�ë�ì�í�îðï�ñ�òNæ¦ó�ô�õzö�÷�øª¿'î�ù>Ø�úðûýüÿþ�ó���Ü/Ø��¾ü _ãä�� Æ���zÖ0î�ù>Ø� �¦ó����� _����N¿¨ÃPÄ�Å��CÐ��������ÿÜNü�� ÇÉÈaÊgË:Ì@ͨÎ�Ï�Ð !" !#�$%�&('*) �,+- �/.0�213�54�6 % �$4 &7'28 � +- �9.06 %;:=<?>*% 6@4$:�&('�A � +- �/. % 4�67BC :

�EDF�ØHGJI/ûLK MýÆN�ªÚL�OP�¦óRQS�T�VUW� +- .0� %YX 4 X�: ��Z+[ �,+- � & � ' ) �,+- � X\' 8 �]+- � X^' A �]+- �\� ö@_Nó��`�ä�ØO_�Ða�cbd� ¿Legf�ÆOh�Þ�éi jOklnm¹üo�=_�Ð��5p3� ¿�qnM(rÞ_

sutVv +- tvxw & +[ ���cyz6@{|� +-Lt < �b {n� +-Ht~}u� < +-LtS��� �\� �c�d�{ &���� v ) 1 11 v 8 11 1 v A

���� X y &���� ��1 11 ��11 1 �����

v 8 & 1FZ v ) & v A & v & 1F��D��ðÜ2æ¦ó��

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

20 25 30 35 40

LP

F-R

MS

of

� at �*�=�

system size � = 2

� �� ��

��� �

1211109876

¡ b£¢¡ b¤rÞ_n¥§¦NöO¨(©>ü¨ûNªn«§¬®­>¿Lq ¯¦Ø��¾üH�ªÚ�ó���°n±ýÆN²³n´ÝÚ�µPÅ��c¶ & ��� ¿�·n¸º¹» ¼ jn½^_|¾n±ýÆ�¿�Ú0é®i jOkð¿�À�Áðê�î�ùÝÜNü��=_ ²³|¿�Ú�µ�Å ¿®hÂÄÃPÅ7�,Æ�ÇnÈ|É ÊªØOËÌ ü¨ûNÍÎÊ|Ï>ØL�Pæ®�§ÐÄÑ ÆL��æ7Ò Ó�Æ®ÔnjnÕ@r s×ÖÙØ5ÖWÚ^Û & �21T1�¿�ÜNöð¿0�cÝ]ZßÞu� Æ�ànázæ¦ó����^h®ÃNö|âPûNã äî>Æ��ªÚ��PrÞ_�ånæ�QS�T�VU ØHç@èÄ�§�ã äîªï§_Nó¿�rO_é�5Ý X Þ;��ï§_ðó�êºëf_�ì®ígÝîía�T��¿ â ö@_Nó C �ïÝ & bPrÞ_P²®³§´�ÚÓÃÄ�ÅÝÜ�²®³n¿�Ú ÃPÄ�Å>Ø�ðÄñnqnMJò�ózûNKMðö=_§ô®õnön÷zï�ÉnøJæ¦ó�ùnú¦Æ�Ö?I��nûîf _|´�Ú ÃÄ�Åý¿'Īê�Ö�î�ù>¿Olnü���ʧý|� ÆO_ ¿ÝÚ ÃNÄ�Åý¿�¿ÝÚ�éni jOkª¿NÀ§Áðê�Æ�ã@ä ü�Ö¦Ú¿�rLþRÿ����������� �������������������������������! #"%$�&�'(������)��+*�,�-.'0/ 1�23�4���5�,!� 66��879�#:;=<?>8@A B�����C�D������ E��GF�HJI�K L. �<?>!M+N�O%��PQ�'(R S�T�U�V9W�&X'(2

Y�Z[ � T��87\� [G] 4��^%'(2

ö@_Nó��aÝ7í`_ rÞ_`��¿PÒ Ó�ÖOùnú�Æ�àná üo�ªÚJó�� Ý ï=a à Ú�K|MýÆ�ã äîzïGbdczæ¦ó!egfrÞ_ �dh r�I à f�ÜOrN�ó§�ªÚ ÖªÚ�ïf_�¼Ý½�¿jilk ¼nmpo ï�ç/èzéê�ö@_Jó���Ü�Å7� _ s×ÖWØ5ÖÙÚ^Û ²ínÜðö=_ Þ Øjqºòsr�æ¦ó�_ntvux_ Ý�Ø.a à rÿæýó��JÜOrÞ_@ÂnwdxÝÜðü��Nç/èzéJ¿zy{f.|>Ø�Æ~}ó���Ü/Æ�Öîf _�ç/èzéJÆ Ò�óX�M¦¿���¯zï����Nö à Ölr�Ö�ó���Ü/Æ\�zó ö§_��@Ó �� ��ö§�¹ü'ûð¿ªÜ\�=�ªÖ\���ðïf_J¼¾½/¿\i�k ¼8m�o Æ�ÑÓÒÈ�ÔgÔCÕ`Ë:Ê Î�ÏzÐ�Ø�ÙÝÚ/ûK�M Æ ÿNâ0�ä{_��Ü Æ���ePæ¦ó�î�ù8�¬®­8�n�>ØL��æÄ���� ²n³n´ÝÚ�µ�Å �c¶ & � � ¿�·n¸ ¹ »@¼ jn½J¿Llü ƧÒ(f _ ²³ ´�Ú�µ�Ūö®Ê�ý¦Ø��z�ºò�ó ó��Üo�b�� ÛP_ Ó öýÚNh�ÞPéi jOkð¿�µ�Å ¿�ÞzÆ�� È�� Ë+ÊgË+Ì�� Ë��gß à á�â9� � ï§_Nó���Ü �ß à á�â e{�éQS�2b UTÜj���}_PÀÁ�Â�îðï§_7f _aÞ¨ï�ãº�'ãº��q?ò{ �䢡@ÒÚ��p��,Ê�ýJç�é®i j¤£�¥��¨ä�Ø�¬d�Jæ¦óÆ|rÞ_Nß à á�â �n�>Æ�¦¨§�û9© ��ÅJ¿��{�ðïÄ��zö@_Nó��ãP¿N²§�¦ÜNü��=_{ªnµ�Å ¿�« ÀÁ�Â�îðï\¬�æ®­/ÖªÚs«��EÑ�§G¡Þ_§Ê�ýd¯ªÆ�ö�Ú�_FDZ°�²´³¶µ Ì@ȸ·ËJ¹�³ ÈaÌ Ë+̶º1ï\»~¼�ÆHö�Ú�_R˽º¾�*� ��Ü'ï§_Nó����ä�Æ®��ÚL�ºr�¿�ÀvÁ/ö=_�çJéi j¤£ ¿8¼jÂzé o�à é�¿�e8Ä}_zòº��ÆO_ªéi�jk�ÎzÅJÆ9ÆÇ lnmÉÈ.Ê�ó˨È�ÊzÖªÚ�î�ù ¿{Ì9ͦÆ�Î�ó�û�}�¿�Ï|�zÖ0î�ùzö@_Nó�Ü�Ðѧ��ªÚ�ó��DÒ��ÓnÔ �ÖÕ rÞ_nã äî§� Æ=×�æ¦óNh�ÞPéi jOk�ήÅ�¿ ÀànØ�în���¿�K M}_n´�Ú\ÙdÚ{Û�Ü\ÝNÕ�éJÆ�¿�Ú�µPÅ ¿Ä¹ » ¼ jn½Olü¦¿Nã äîJr�â¢È§ò�ä�Ö¦Ú��n¿ÚjÙ�Ú{Û�Ü\ÝOÕ�é@rO¹ » ¼ j ½nj �4ÊgË Õ`˽·Þ² ÌÞº �Éö®´�Ú\ÙdÚ�Û�Ü\ÝNÕPéïlªé�àß`ÊgÊgË ÕE˽·�² ÌáºV� ÜÚ Ó�ô®õnön÷��ãâ�äü�åde � ¿.æ�çÝÜ�r9èà ¿\×�éðö§_Nó��òº� Æ?_`�¨ä��/Üjênë{���zÖ0î�ùðïf_nìn¦8��í�öj�pî�óXï{ðPë�ì�íNÖ|Â�öºÿ��nñzò�ä ó��

ò óõô÷öùøõúõûýülþ ÿ��� ��ö(rÞ_ðÛ(_ Ó���Ä�Å>Þz¿{×dé¹Ü�ü��=_ ç�è�é�êJÖ�ëzì�íPî�¿����gf'ÆO_ � È�ÌÞ·�Ë �Jº ß ·�Ë8ß`Ì�Ô º ²�áß^Õ ß ºÖ°u� ï{ðPë�ìí�î§� ÜÚ§Ó1î�ù¦Ø ���¾ü2û����®kªØ Ù¦Ú�ûNK|M>Ø�Ðѧ�ó��`��¿�K|MýÆ ÿ[_~ÁÞ�ê�Ö�h�ÞPéi jOkð¿{Ù\Ú{Û¨Ü�Õ�é�¿{Á��>ƧҺf _n´�Ú0é®i jOk§Å7�,¿�Ú�éi jOk������¦Ø �ѧþ�ó���Ü6_ðã�ü��=_ðãä�ïOÇ�����¦�ç�éi�j¤£1ÜÚ§Ó����>Ø ü��ªÚ�ó���Ü/ØL��æ®�!#"%$ &('*),+(-/.1032547698;:<2>=@?A8B:C?%6EDF=@GIHJ?LKL?M=ONQPï{ðPë�ì�í�îÝÜOrÞ_�RJä�ØOh�Þ�êzÆ|rTS�UJæ ó�ïWVJÞ�êzÆ|r X�Y�æ¦ó�ë�ì�íîªö@_Jf Q �Îp�U _[Z

\^]  ��È�³ Ë:Ì5�A_<`@acb °db ºfehgÄ�ji�ö r@Òvroâî��ä>ó�� Ñl§d¡Þ_ \^k ¿jlnmOÅ���ö¦ó \ ð ïf_P÷8ð>¿o ©�Öqp�ð?Å7� Ü{ð ¿Crts¹ü2ûqRnð��ýÜ�unï¹ü��ªÚÉr�¿�rO_�ï{ðPë�ì�í�îwv§Òºfyx ��­ï�ðNä�vz I���X^Y\Æ�{7ò�ä��ªÚ~rL��Ü|v\�zóRQS�VDTUÙ�!#"M} ~5�7�B�9�<~>�@�A�;���L�J�F�����E�%�L�A�O�n���L�7�J�(���%�*����~d���L�<�� ¿���� �W�������(�t�[�N¿��j���@Â[���� ¢¡Ä_[£q¤�¥�¦�À�§�¨��ª©�«(�/¬®­0ÀÁ�Â�¯�°�±�©

« ÂC�,²q¦w³ ´¶µ¢·¸ t¹(ºt»�­w¼�½�¾O_[¿�À¦¿��C� �ÂÁ@ÃÅÄÇÆÉÈ@Á�ÄËÊ@ÌËÍAÆÉÎÏÐÆÉÑdÆÉÄfÊ�Ì®Â��qÒ�Ó/Ôq©�«¶¬j­Õ�ÖØ×tÙ#Ú�Û�ÜÞÝàßâá�ã äEåæ×æçéèyêàë�ìCíïîñðóòõôLöø÷úùïû�òõüqôMýúôMþMöøÿ���������

 ��� �� �� ����������� ������� ��! ��"$#% '&)(+*�# � # ��,$� ��-�# �.(/* ��0���214365,ºt» ��� ¦=_87 �:9 ¿<;>=(�@?+A��/BDC6E��@F ½�º^¼;_>G����������(���IH _JBDC6E�¿KML �4NPOPQ����<RTSVU|¹��VWYXPZ6OPQ � 7ÞÓ�Ô � �[R+Sn¬]\_^>` ¬ _�À�� � 7�a �_� ¦cb�¯/S¿Md4CMegf<hPi �kjml�l!n�j Ê�Æ�o�púÍ lrq oøÄ3ÁOÆ Î�p%s l ÄËÌ q ÃÅÄ q Ìtp � Xcu4vwUT¹,º � ¼xX_y  �¹P\IW�º{z �}|�~ »P�� ¿x�P�ª¿<�������g��º��^�?Å� ����T�ð¿[�6G+X � ¹�� §M�T5wº^¼m� ½x\VWª­P�T�ª¹[¾C�4Wt»� ¹��?_M�>�M�>�/QPNMO6i4�6�D���(�@�T�n¬]\=_

��� � >¡ �� �w� �r�����T� �¢��� ��! ��"£# &�(/*

¡ �# �:# ��,$� �T-�# ��(/*

¡ ¥¤w¦ §�! ¡ ©¨ ¦cª � �t«¬�

­ �¢®�� � §6�T5,ºD¯P°P�/�@±6²�5*ºt» � ¿_³ª¿x´6��� � 7 �µ�Y� �[?VA/BDC�E��xF ½q­D¶�«ý¿<·

� Á � � Ñ �

ln(Ti/ T1)

0

1

2

-2-3ln ω

-0

-2

-4

ln power

¸ ®�n ¯P°4� ­ �¢®�� ¦f_ ¡º¹¼»¢¹§½¿¾ �À�}9¬9 ¨�Á �À�}9�9 ¼C¬m\=_P´P���(�[?�A/BDC6E��[F ½T­Y¶�«¦¿�N�ZÂMÃ�Ä{Å � Á � �2Æ65W» � Ñ � �4Ç�¹  �¿xÈ^± ¿cÉ+Ê4�Pi�Ë+h Å �/�MÌgÍ]C>i4�6����ÎTÆ^¦4Æ65W»6ÏXDÐgW�ÑK_PÒ/XDbVÓ+Wt»ÔVNPOf_4ÕPÔ�Z+O � 7 � ¿ ÂMÃ�Ä{Å X ¸ ®�� Á � ¦�ÖCºæ» � ¿<¶�«*�PBDC6E���×_F ¬��+�ª¹[¾Þ_6ØT\¿_ÙÚÍxÛMÜ Å ¦6ݪ�6Þ/�@ß6à>5wºYXf_>G����������(���IH@BDC6E4X_RTS�^�`:Uq¹>\�À���¦ Î5Ê�Æ�o�púÍo q oøÄ ÁFÆÉÎáp}s:oøÄfÌ q ÃÅÄ q Ìâp �¢jmlál�� X4u>v:U�¹�\JW^ºt» � Ñ � �4Ç�¹  �¿YÈ^±>¿MÉVÊ4��i4ËVh Å �w�MÌ�ÍC6i4�6�_��ÎTÆ/�2ÆP5W»4·PÔ(��ÇnÈM��¦=_4ÕPÔ(�<ãPÈ�± ¿<äPå/QPNPO6i4�>�D�/� §P��¦4ÆM5W»�À�(�6W,µ]æ[²;_Àç<�Ph�¿2Ï�XDе��/è_\IW/µ�¿��xG��^�������(���IH[BDC>E4X_RTS�^4`:UT¹>\IWº � ¼|�<éTê ¬ _/Ç�¹��@F ½x\:ç<�Ph�¿<ë>ì+XYí ÇnÈ4î*��¡�¹>\IW4è_\IW�ºt»PïIðx_Mñ  @ò��[RS�^4`+5,º � ¼|�[F ½[_4ñ  [ò�¿�NPO6i4�>�D�TX_ó¶µ��/èY\IW4è_\IW�ºt»ôöõ§ô ÷ �~�øE���E�%��� ùf�.ú��¬øJ���L�J�F�����E�%�L�M�ú�ûPü ¦ �Tý ­MNPO6i4�>�D�/�[ó¶µW¬]\VW,µþñ  [ò2RTSc^4`TÿMÑ(�O_PãPÈ�± ¿����

� � 7 � ¤�� �¢� ���¿��� � � ���¿�â��� ������21JW_\=_ ¡ ¹§»¢¹¼½¿¾ � �}9¬9 ¿TÀ�¦��ݽT� ¦ �ª�VWD\����¸¬�­�¿�X ¸�� � Á � ¦�Ö[ºt»P�M�Á æ[² ¦XMAIU(µ _ � ¹*�IH j�lál �xu4vT5*º/¿������W�����^�w���Þ_ ¦ XTÖCº]Ñ��+A+U6W � ¼xX�����¦

ÖCº � ¼<X! Å�ºt»#" È�±%$�­ H�¿<ñ  [òxRTS�&(�' � 7 � ¤)(+*-, � � 7 �

� � 7 � ��� ��.��¦DäPå0/��D\=_ Á � �-1�� ¿x¶�«*� � ¹z¿ 732�4��(�2Æn¬®­P¿cX ¸5� � Ñ � ¦f_ 9 ¿�6� ÀH �®¯^° ¬\IW�ºt»

� Á � 1 10 100

(121, 1.0391)

(181, 1.0259)

(141, 1.0334)(161, 1.0292)

(41, 1.1220)(61, 1.0798)(81, 1.0593)

(101, 1.0471)

( 7 , τ ) =

time scale : Ti

10-2

10-3

10-4

10-5

10-6

10-7

0.1

1

89:; : R

MS

� Ñ � -0.1

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

1 10 100

(L, τ ) = (121, 1.039)

Λ(i

) =

log

<=>?@<=>BAC?

DFE

¸G� n

� Á �

x H

Ix

J∆Ti

Λ

J4∆Ti+2

Λ

J2∆Ti+1

Λ

� Ñ � -0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

10 100

spat

ial i

nsta

bilit

y ex

pone

nt

relative timescale of disturbance: KMLONPKPQ

1/τ = 1.000.940.880.820.770.710.650.590.530.470.410.35

¸ |�n' XSR§Å� UT(�WV º@ÿMÑ�¦�� ¸ |�� Á � ¦PÆP5��^� �cñ  xò�¿LÇ�X�Y>FIX�Z � è_\IW^ºt» ¸ |�� Ñ �

�Þ_MÕPÔ(�@ñ  [ò�¿�NPO>i4�6�D� ¡ [ �[ãPÈ�± ¿�NPO>i4�6�D� ¡ ¦�\wè_\�]�§S^ ¬®­MNPO>i4�6��w�O_>ÕTÔ*��Ç�¹,�T§+5*º<Z+OcR/SS& ' �_ÆP5W»>ñ  xòJ¿MNTO>i>�6���+X���_[�`6�6ªÀ��/�M^`:Uq¹,ºC¼@5wº�¼;_ ¡ XDbVÓ µ��/º0¿�¦ ¡ [ba ¡ �DA/U(µ��ÚH ¸�c ¦��edMî*��f�gÅ ¬]\IW_Óx_

¡ [ a ¡ Wh �}9 ¦�TºÅ� WR��W�wºt» ' X�R��|�wº�¼;_>ñ  xòJ¿|Ò�i��ej ¬@\|Ç�X �Wk µ�5*ºC¼ �¼j¦ ' ��T ¿�l�m(�<G�5Ç!X�Y>FIXf_ ¸ |�� Á � ¿��^�W�enTu>5wºt»�¿��(�o"qp+C6hD� ¼C¬]\TÇ�¹Xsrut�³wv Hyx65 � ¼j¦f_P´P���(�4×xFwUT¹�­2ñ  [ò�¿�NMO6i4�6�D�TX_óµ��/è_\IW,µé» � ¿[¼Óx_ (+*-,{z}| ' � 7 � h � �/ºµ7�¦ jml�l XcuPvwU�¹,ºt»�~ � ¿����®�|Ç!XSY�F ¿�v Hyx ¬T��Ç�X�YF��>i4�>���¢¼e�S�|»���U���F�¢å�Ù�����Û��w�����¢ä��F�������}�yìU�� Bä�¡£¢jç��s¤����y¥¢ÙØÜ}¦¢ä�§U¨ª©�« ôMþMö­¬�®qÙ°¯U±�²W³µ´£¶

Ù�·£¸U¹eº�»�¼}©yÜ�½¿¾�ÀM  |�Á  íë �{Ä�Å ^ º�Ö�� ç�Æ�ÇyÈUÉQ×��}Ç �  íë �Ê��˪�yÌWÍFÎ äqÏUУѣÒFÓ�ÔUÕFÖ_�×¹�º �

ôöõÙØ ÚÜÛ0Ý�Þàßâá�ãuä0åçæ�èÜÛ0Ý�Þàßâá�ãuä)æ�éëê%ìû�í ¦ �Tý ­�Ç!X�Y>Fî�>i4�6���â�Wï61n¬]\=_�ð:WDd�CMe:f<hPi�¿eñ�ò+Qª��ó)ô[ó:WDd�CMe:fhPiD��^�`¬�õWº�ö�¼�ô�¿�Àª¿�÷ 1�ø ¼�ùe�0úD�PÒ�û�üëôWý¸¬]\4ÆP5W»û�üÿþ����%7�������� ������ ô���������� �"!$#&%('")|È+*�Ç�,.-0/213-54�67-�8:9�;=<?>@6A� 9CBDFE �:G�H�I"J 9�KC*�LNMPO"6A� Q&!$#&%R-S/ G ðUT�V�W"XZY[*eñ�ò:\�](^:9=B DFE(_a` �cbUTV�W"XZY � *ad I�eUfNgih V�*j- /lk"m ]onqp=r$#l%s�t �vu �wG E syx �vu � Qiz {3*N|N}3~a� g@� n��@� E s�� * �?ÅU�������C�N��TZ*N|(�a9�-�/2� x��Åj��� � ���U�i�$TC#l% _a� *ibjT�d I"ejf�h V[ni�o#=Q EC�(� 9 G bjTZ|(�:V(W"XNY+*j����������U i¡=�$T(#Z� E � � 9 G�¢ QN£:¤¥�(�o Z¡��"¦$T&%(bUTNV�W"XNY[*§���¨�¥*(|a�:V(W"XZY

�vu � ��© �

0.001

0.01

0.1

10 100

ª«¬­®°¯±²

³�´¶µ·³¹¸

ln σ = -6.0, L = 100ln º = -4.0

-4.6-5.2-5.8-6.4

10-7

10-6

10-5

10-4

s»t�¼ �½© � *a¾(X h * ¿UT G ECÀÂÁ ���(!$Ã"ÄZ�j>Å* ¿UT�nÇÆC!Â%�Oa��� �ÉÈ¨Ê %

�@-5/(à DFËCÌ bUTÂ* GiÍ Å:Îi�+T(#Â*Â9 E bUT�V�W"XZY�ñ�ò[\Â](^jQC�l�Ï�w�UÐR* ÌNÑÓÒ �cÐ �n�Ô$T"#&% s�t ��© �ÕG EaÖ(× �Ø-0/ EaÙ(× � Ò �cÐ � n��"!N%R-�/Z�:B=#&Ú[Û"Üa9=BC#"QiÝC�®Å"Þ DÒ �cÐ � �ZßàÝ:T Eaá+â�E bUTZV�W�XZY[*j�����q�Â���CãNä=9=B=#�å�Q �N�à i¡��+T(#&%åZ*i�N�aæ(ç G E(è í 9ZéCr=ê�Ç�,(ë(�àì�V�W"XPí�î�ïonÇð(ñC!$#�å�QÇ9Zò(ðo i¡3#&% syó �cu �G {jô�¦§-�/�� õ[!3# Ò �v� � * E �½© �öGj÷ �v� � *j� ø=ù=*�ú�ûUn��C!Â%�-�/à*�ü=¦ D ��ýyþl� E ;ÿ$*����§Q��:<�����ß���¦ �3Ý E���� \a¦�� `������ ]o*�L$  � �Zü[¦$#&%@奡���*i¿UT�*���[� E�_�` �vbUT�V�W"XZY � 9=*�d IaeUfNgih V(*eñ�ò[\�](^3*��(ü$n��=Ý��Øå:���+T(#&%

�vu �0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1

1 10 100�!

"#$% : R

MS

40322824

= 20&('

(a)��© �

-0.6

-0.4

-0.2

0

0.2

0.4

1 10 100

Λ(i

) =

log

)*+,-)*+/.0,

1!2 40322824

= 203(4

(b)

s.óɼ

5�6[\=�87@ÄaQ E�9 ,aë��àì�V�W"XPí *���p�n;:��l� E ðUTZd IaeUf¥h V G bUTZd Iae�f¥h V

<�=�> n�?Ø��#�å�Qi�a9:ÝN�oTa#&%�ð�TZd I�e@f¥h V�*eñ�ò[\Â](^�-0/&n8@a,BAjQ[�l� E bUTZdIaeUf¥h V�*eñ�ò[\�](^$nDC�EGFoQIHØ�a#�QKJMLON�P�QjQ2Æ�� *:Ã"Äq¦Zõ(ý[��RTSF%

UWVWX uZY8[]\_^ ua`/b Xdc;e [/Y�f8^g\ uh`/fh^ �ji U YiuZkf�ul\nm�^ e fok ^pk�ul\jf ¼ �Mbrq e [/Y�fs^g\�ua`tf ¼ -vu e [/Y�f�^ e f_k ¼ �[ X [ e [ ua` w½ul^ e ^g\�ua`tfxkdqgblkvf_q egV y 4^ e u e f - /Zz > z O{|X ua` ^}`tbl~K^g\�uh`/fxkdqgblkvf_q egV � �(���Z�I� y �^ e u e f Ò �vÐ �[ X ^ e u©�[�`�[ e�V \�b X�� fa\ e [ � f�[ X ^ e u�©W[�`�[ egV `�[ X f�u�q�[ X ^ e u©�[�`�[ e�V��������� u���a�I� ���_��������� �¡ o¢ ��  _¢ ���U [�£¤f_qgf X \�f�bZw ¥ - / ¥ y 4[ X [ e [ ua`¦^ e u e f[ e ^!^pf X ^}[ e [ � [ e�V § u�¨ 8u�¨S4D© ��� ����� u���a�I� ��� � gª¬«v� !­ �d� �r�®� u�����¯� ��� � �° § �� ¨54 ���_� ������� �¡  ¢ ��   ¢ ���Æ � ¼ �ji U Yiu�k y � ª 4��²±�� y � � QÂ* õ(ý(%´³��c� �¥G EOµ�¶B· 9C*;¸ � Þ�* � � \a¦�|(�"V(W"XZYn��(!N%U奡 G E -¤u �D¹UTi� º�»@��¼D½�¾B¿�» E�Ò �c� � Q�z {o�q;"ÿ�!$#&%

À ÁÃÂÄMÅ(Æ ÇÉÈÉÊÌËÎÍÐϵOÑ 9�é[r=ê E ðUTZd IaeUf¥h V�U� bUTNd I�eUfih V < * =�> n8?Ø��#læ(ç�n sÓÒ ���[Q�Ô#&% Ò ÑBÕ�Ö *O�+Q�ÔN9¼ÇéCr=êa� E B[#s×$*Nì=VNW"XPí n�:���ðUTNV�W"XZY[*�d Iae�f¥h V <* bUTZd IaeUf¥h V�* k�m ][�ÎØ�Ù �l�+Ta#&%Øå(å 9 E ð�TZV�W"XZYBU� bUTZV�W"XZY < Ú�Û  ¡��+T(#IÜOÝ G ECÌ�Þ nDßO�C!$#"Q�TCÄ�å(Q¥9=B=#&%

^}[ Xdc `tfxfj`/f_Y;f Xde à brqgf Xdá �â\�m�u�b�^ � \jb Xd� fh\ e [ � f�[ X ^ e u©�[�`�[ e�V\jblmdfoqgf X \jf �=Ý�ãåä+Q KC*;æ�ç è+*��C<oQ Ú�Û\ ur^g\�u U f Ì�Þ 9 ,(ë(�w�ul^ exé ^}`/bl~ ê�ë¦ìMíïîtðdñhòtëïóåë|ô¯ñlõ÷ö�ølðvù_ølðvìïöú�û u � ü ýú û�þ   ü ü^}`tbl~ é w½ul^ e ý ÿÆ Ò�¼ µ�Ñ *��[QÎÔ�% ú û u ��� ú û�þ   G w�ul^ e�é ^}`/br~+�aãNä+¦ ú * Õ ß EBÕ�� AUn��"!N%Ów½ur^ e�é^}`/br~ G E w�ul^ esé ^}`/bl~P�NãNä:¦ ú ���+T�� E b�T ¶O· *����NX�� < *�ðUT ¶�· * k"m ]3*� �on��C!Â%

¹UTZVNW"XZY[*ad Iae�f¥h V��C*����ÇX����NVCn�� �&ê(ì�V�W"XPí�æ(ç3*����(]onÇò(ð"!(r S� _ *��! on�"�#��l�%$�&$�8Ù('�) D+* £�9+T(#&%

�-,�ìCV�W�X í î�ïo*"��.:V �0/ V�%�1 G E ¤CÄaT[Ä32(4Ø� c `/b�©0uh` ���65�7�8o��9oÎÂ� � ì�VW�XPí �:�3åa#�i%Ò ,�ì�V�W"XRí�îaï:9 G E:; � Ú�Û:< Ñ�= !$#��%x ,0>hw½ul^ exé ^}`tb�~?> G ãNäA@a� E >r^}`/b�~ é w�ul^ e > G � ãNäjQNTCÄ�V�W"XZY(ø=ù�*!B�õ�C(](%D Æ � *FE(G:9�H�:��q¦+T �CÌ ¼�B DFE JâRBÔ G ú û u � * m '$��R$T��"9 EJI R�Ô G bUT¶�· *:���NX�� < *�ðjT ¶O· * k"m ]3*�ã:K:9=B=#&%@奡 G E � `������ ]�*N|a�C\a¦��� ]jQ�ì�L:V�*Â|(�(\a¦ �O��� ]$�8�NMZ!$#O¼Â*:QIHØ�:��¡3#&%

ÄMÅPO QSRNTVUSWYXZ([S\]V^`_badc�egf`hjilk-monlprqlsutvt-wxk-nJyz:{ 9 { þqê � �(\"VNW"XZY+�CÃa# ��| *�}CÔ+n E |a�"V�W"XZY[*F~ Í D ��}C�"V�W"X�YC�%�'"!$#�5(9%�(�"!$#Â*G¼��¼[�!��T!�� :9CB=#"QIHØ� �+Ta#&%r���o��¼&é"r=êa� E ��F�5=*��� Q=�q�¼�� D 9[B=#&% z:{ 9��(�y�qê�����Y+*��?� � � *�;"ÿ · *F~ Í D � E���� qp[ Xdc k�u ege f_q X n� �C!$#���ý(� Ñ øNï��on�Ô�T E �Å� Ò � *N|(�"V�W"XZYN���o*�~ Í D � E }C��V�W"X�Y����$n(n� �l� E ¹UTZV�W"XZY[*F��ý(� Ñ 5:z��on���ý+¾ ����gih V D 9 �:���CÔà �¿o#&%ØåZ*:Ã�ÄǦ:5���+T�� E z:{ 9ZéCr=êaì�V�W"XPíF*�}C��.CX��N����* m '$n;:��l� E {Øô¥¦�}C�"V�W"X�Y"9N��o i¡3#����(X���*N�a9 ; ��C*����¥X����NV��Â��ä��� �¡3#læ(ç�n��(� � 9=B=#&%�-� [ XdX f_q��CÃÇ¡�� E �F�+��� *� �2aç(¡oni�+#"Q E {jô¥¦�}C��V�W"XZYC� m '"!$#"Q�¼�� EOµ

V�W"XZYàn�¢ÌS!�¤£(�:B=#"Q�T"ÄV¥ � t§¦ %ØåZ*:Ã�ÄǦ�¨%©Un�¢ÌS!�¤£Â�N�aæ(ç�n����(X��Âd Iaejfh V �oª�« � n!¬G�:� �Zò(ð �l�àT S�å�Q­¥ � ó®¦ ��¼qßàݦ�¯�°:�a9CÝ:#�QIHØ� �+T(#&%ÄMŲ± ³µ´� D·¶ úaû��� ¹¸»º�¼Y½l�%¾r���µ¿ÇéÀ=ê�ÙÁ < ¶ ý"ÔNÂ�Ã:ĵ¿Å ¡Cê�L ¶ Ã"ÄǦƤÇ�È�É�Ê

Â;:Y½3Ë%̤Í:Î��� � É�ÏÐ¥ÒÑ®ÓÕÔÖÑØקÙÚÂ�Û�Ü�¿N½3ËNÅ%Ý:Þ�Å(¸»ß­à�ËNÅ�áãâðVÅ%ä�åÉ%æ ¶¹çéèëêuçéì-íïî Î�ð�ñ�òVó�ô�ä�ÜVõ?ö�Å%ä�åÉ%æ ¶F÷�ø ð�ñ:òVó�ô�ä%ù ¶ ̤Í�ú�û�¸½3Ë ÷�ø�ü ÝFýAþ�ÿ��µÂ�¾�� ¶�����(¶ Ì�Í�ú�û�¸�½3Ë ÷�ø� þ ��½ ÿ��rÂ���� ���ráãâ����¹õÂ�� ¿�¾������V¿����¤á���ú·Í�¼�Ìg¸! �"µÍ�¼�Ì ¶�#�¶ ÌNÍ(Î $�%'& í èØç)( ì êuçéè+*oíïè-,/.103254ïì-í+687�9æ;: <-Ù ¶>=@?�A ½?¾B�B�%Ü�õ�CrõF¿� �"@�VáD���FE:ÎHG�CrõF¿�I¹Å%ä�åÉ%æ ¶�÷�ø�JLKNM ÂPORQÞF���@�S:UT/V§Ù�Â>� ?XW Þ·Åãâ�CrõZY�[�\�]@^�_ J I�` a�b�` ÷�øRcedf Î�gFhµÍ:Î�i�j@k@�VÂlNm cd�f Y�̤ÍY�nVàFÞD��� o prq!stQ!ËNÅ%Ý:Þ�Åãâ \ ] c�u�v�wZx�y ���rá c�z [S{}|Z~�]c &�ðSÅ 6 ð�ñ:òVóL�%ô�ä�E cD����� �rY d�� [ \�] c & öSÅ 6 ð�ñ(òVóL�%ô�ä wN� ��� � w�� �CD�·á�ÿN����nVà:á�:UTÕÑ Ù c E���áãâ� Þ��D�NÍD�e�N�rYZ�rÅ�ËF[�ð�Å�ð�ñ(òVóFô�ä�E���á��@��� c �N��&���� 6�w öSÅ�ð(ñ(ò¹ó�ô

ä�E���á���� � c ���'&��@� 6 Â���Ý � �>����Å f�� �@��� wZ� · �Z� � Y d Q�ËL�� @CD��Ë@�� [�¡�¢L£�¤��»ß­à¤õ��Ná!� � ��ÜVõ�¥�¦�§�É ¨�Ée�»ß­à�õ��·á!� � ��ù c i j���© w s@ª �·á«�¬ Y z [ ­�����®AÞ�� �@¯(ä�åɱ° wZ� �LQ�ËNÅ�áãâ² ­���� cZ³�´ Í:Î�µ�¶ z � yBc ���L·D|NÅFËNÅFÎNÅ w [ KNMJ�÷�ø�c�¸ ¹ ÿ��µÂ�º�^�» c Ï

¼ ÜSõ½� ? ��á�¾·þ�� W�¿ez [@À�ÁtY d á�Â@à cDK MÄ�Å � cN7@9 æ;:UTÇÆvÙ w ��áãâ�È�CÉ&)ÊNË 6c�̱� ¬ Å cDÍNÎ ¸ ���D��á�� c�Ï�Ð�� �N� �µÂ�¡ W�¿ [ KNMBwZ¸ ¹ CD�Ná!Ñ Ò J � c ÿN� w%÷Ó E�Ý ¿ � � [�º�^�» cPÔ º wFÕ�Ö CD� ¿ Å�áãâ

×�ØÚÙÛ­�Ü�Ý zZ� ·�Þ@ß C@àB� c�á ��Ü@ÝeE�� � [ãâLä cDå ��YD��× W � ��â � ÞD[@æ�çeèé [ ê ë�\ ì [�À�ÁNí î�[ïFð�ñ òNó�[ ôrä�õ�öN[ ô�÷Nø [ ù�ú>©�ûN[ \�ü�ýeþ�[�ÿ������ [ çú�ö�� [����� [ ð������[e� ��� c���� Y�q�������� å � J���� ������§����  W�¿ Å�Þ�(Ý � W Þ!â

"!"#%$

:ÒÑ Ù�&('�)�*���Ô,+ � Ü�Ý�Ô.-0/ ( (2143 TÇT *53 T-× 1 &6ÑØ× ×76 6: TvÙ98�ë;:@ö�Ô=<�ä!^ &?>�@�A�^B �B�C ÑØ× × 3 6: ÆvÙ9A�DFE�û�Ô.G�HÚÙ,I�+�+�� &KJML ÑØ×-× Ó 6: < ÙON 1QPR14S ì çUT 0 2vê0V ÔXW0Y[Z]\_^`Ya\cb,d7e0-�Ñ-V 3f35*5g ÆD& Ñ®×76f6 6ih`j ^.^.k`b,lm\_ncb,op\_k7qirfstY_ZubwvL< Æ * 6 3 & Ñ®×-Ó/V 6i1: 3 ÙOx�úzy|{�Ô.+ � Ü�ÝF}�~ ( (X1Q3 ×76 *?g < ÆD& T/VÇV/V 6: g Ù�ïFð�ñÚòNó�Ô.+ � Ü�ÝF}w- ( (X1 Ñ * <Ç<:�6®Ù�� 1 ��14� è����²ê ÔX��Yar���rt���O}wv ( (X1 Ñ®×5< Æ * ÑØ× g 6�& Ñ®×-×/T 6i1: ÓvÙ���Y�rfst�[s���\_��s Ôwv�& TÇV/VÇV 6!c { {��(��â: ×vÙO� 1 � 2c� è®ê Ô`W,��^`\_q?��\_��Z�Y�s &�� (xí��²ê ,-èëí ÑØ×�6�6 6ah[��  Ù á �>�Á c ¤ � &?>�¡�A�^B �B�C 6: Ñ VvÙ�¢ 1 £ 2�¤D2�V 2�2vê0V�S�1�¥mT.��� 4 2§ê7� Ô,¦¨§7�[s�b�lR\_ncb�©ª\[���?bw-0«�&6Ñ®×-Ó-Ó 6 ( (21 ×-Ó/Æ * ×-Ó g=1: Ñ-Ñ Ù S�14¬ .f­5�®¤�ìÇ4ïì�2§ê`VMS�14S�2§êÕè�� ì Ô (Õí è-(ÕíU� ê 4 Ô ê10¯� ê21�° N9± V Ñ V-Ó/VÇÆ Ó: Ñ TvÙ £�14S½.Õí 2c¤�ì/4 ì Ô³²´§�\_��Z]Y�µ��·¶�s�Y_Z]�]��µ���Z]r�^w¸9¹Mµ�n_\�sa¸�µ�^.º¼»=kwq�½�kw��\_^.Ya\ &K� (xíU� ê ,-èëí ÑØ× Ó5< 6a1: Ñ ÆvÙ PR1 ¢ 1Q�,�¯¾ çUT7� 4K¿�2§ê0V��À1QÁ´14ÁÂ� 4 2vè��ÕçU���¯� Ô`¦¨§��[s�Z]Y�µ��`Ã9Z]^`\_��Z]Y�s Ô °¨T 2 ( 4ïè®íÄg & Á è®í�, 2c¤�ì-ê ÑØ× ÓÕÑ 6a1

Þ   Ù�+ �Å�(Æ�Ç ^ÉÈËÊÍÌ &?>�@¼Î ü Ñ®×-Ó Ñ 6i1: Ñ+< Ù�¢ 1wÏ 2vê N î�� è Ô j ^ j �н�kw�ÑrUÒ�ÓÀ��k7Z�ºÔ�r���Z]r�^xÔ &?Õ TÕè�Á 2§í 2cÖxì 0¯�Ø×pÁ í è ç ç Ñ®×-Ó/T 6i1: Ñ 3 Ù�Ù 14Ú`1 N è�� ç ç 0 è®í Ô,Û`b�W0��µ��?b�¦¨§��[s_bw~ª«�Æ�6 Ñ * Æ × 3 & Ñ®×-Ó 3 6i1: Ñ g ÙÝÜ 1ßÞà1 � ���²êÕêxèëí Ô¨»á§7\9Û=r�kwqt^.µ��,r�Ò j s�Z]µ�^�W0��kwº�Z]\�s Ô`â7~ ( (21 Æ * < ÆD& Ñ®× g < 6ih â�~ ( (21 ÑØ× 35* Æ-× ×>& Ñ®× g�3 6a1: Ñc6®Ù ��ã�ä Ô (ÕíU�®�Ç254ïè�× ì�¤Ý¤P.xê7�Ø×+254�� ì-êX1 E�å : Ñ g Ù�q�æ­à ¿ Å�Þ��(Ý � W Þ!â: ÑØÓvÙ9ç 1 Õ ç).0V 2 Ô,op\_k7qiµ��`oÄ\_��è´r�qié_sëê�Æ Ñ ÆD& Ñ®×-×/T 6ih: ÑØ×vÙ ��1 � �/2§íaV 2P2§ê0VMÞà14Ú.14¬ í è®è�¤D2§ê Ô`ìR\�§7µ�n[Z]r�qKµ��,µ�^.ºìRqiµ�Z�^(W,Y_Z]\_^`Y�\�smd7«�Ñ g Ñ�&6ÑØ×-Ó�6 6:UTÇVvÙ PR14¬�14¬ ì_í=¤D2vê Ô,\_�?bе�� Ô,Û0bزÀ\_�]�Ðb�ìRZ�r��,d�~2} 3 6�6 *53 Ó76>&6Ñ®×-×-× 6a1:UTÕÑ ÙPô�÷Nø¤Ô (ÕíU�®�Ç254ïè�× ì�¤Ý¤P.xê7�Ø×+254�� ì-êX1:UTÇTvÙ S�14S�2vêxè��-ì�2§ê`V Õ 1 £lìf¤�ì Ô`¦�qKr�Ycb�lOb�W,r[Ycb�©ár�^.ºwb`â0ê`}=î ( (X1 T/Æ g 6>& TÇV/VÇV 6i1:UTÇÆvÙ�À�Á í�î¤Ô`+ ��Ü�ÝF}0} ( (21 Ñ 3 Æ * ÑØ× <�& TÇV/VÕÑ 6