1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - visionbook216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105...

21
Q 目次 歷屆指定科目考試試題 精粹 英文指考 105學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 1 98學年度指定科目考試 4 1 99學年度指定科目考試 13 2 100學年度指定科目考試 22 3 101學年度指定科目考試 31 4 102學年度指定科目考試 41 5 103學年度指定科目考試 50 6 104學年度指定科目考試 59 7 105學年度指定科目考試 69 8 高雄女中 孫至娟 老師 解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師 解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師 解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師 解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師 解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師 解題老師:高雄中學 孫至娟 老師 解題老師:高雄女中 孫至娟 老師 解題老師:高雄女中 孫至娟 老師

Upload: others

Post on 12-Oct-2020

0 views

Category:

Documents


0 download

TRANSCRIPT

Page 1: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

Q目次歷屆指定科目考試試題 精粹英文指考

105學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 1

98學年度指定科目考試 41

99學年度指定科目考試 132

100學年度指定科目考試 223

101學年度指定科目考試 314

102學年度指定科目考試 415

103學年度指定科目考試 506

104學年度指定科目考試 597

105學年度指定科目考試 698

高雄女中 孫至娟 老師

解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師

解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師

解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師

解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師

解題老師:高雄中學 郭春安 老師

解題老師:高雄中學 孫至娟 老師

解題老師:高雄女中 孫至娟 老師

解題老師:高雄女中 孫至娟 老師

Page 2: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

1

105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析

高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟

壹、前言

先就題型和配分比例分析,依照慣例,本次的選擇題是 72 分,非選擇題為 28 分,在這部分並無

變動。十題詞彙題,兩篇五題單選的綜合測驗,也就是一般所謂的克漏字題型,加上一篇文意選填,

是 12 個選項選出適當的 10 個搭配答案,以上題型每題都是 1 分。接下來的篇章結構,則是六選五的

搭配題型;閱讀測驗則依照往例有四篇,每篇有 4 題。這兩種題型都是每題 2 分。非選擇題共 28 分

:翻譯每題 4 分,兩題共 8 分,作文則占 20 分。

整體而言,今年考題和去年一樣是偏難的程度,但是考題的題幹文章中不似去年有許多考生沒見

過的單字,也就是說今年在題意的理解上不算困難,中上程度的考生應該可以得高分。閱讀測驗依然

走長篇路線,考生一不小心會花太多時間在這一大題上,如果因此佔用作文的時間就得不償失,因為

今年作文的第一段屬於議論方向,考生可能要花些時間建構內容。就各項選文的主題分析,今年考題

的內容依然維持主題多元的準則。綜合測驗有兩篇,第一篇是個人空間,第二篇是科學家圖靈的介紹

。至於文意選填的部分則是介紹人面獅身像的修復工程,篇章結構則是考生背景知識可能較不足的文

章—分析加盟店的優缺點。閱讀測驗部分,第一篇是介紹體驗型的歷史博物館,算是人文歷史主題

;第二篇介紹考古新發現,是古生物學的範疇,比較難;第三篇是描述美國烹飪節目的起源和發展,

屬於社會文化類;最後一篇則是人類尖叫的研究,是科學研究類。

至於整份考卷的用字都還是在基本字彙範圍內,有一些單字雖然是在大考中心的字彙表中,但是

課本幾乎都未收錄,程度中等的考生在閱讀理解題目上應該會花一點時間。相較去年考題有許多專有

名詞,使文章顯得艱澀難懂,今年的文章就平易近人多了。從前幾年開始,較為特殊艱難的文法或句

型幾乎都不再出現,可見指考的考試方向已經不強調需要特殊記憶的文法,而是需要基本的句構概念

即可。也就是說,答題關鍵在於大考中心所公布的 7000 字字彙量以及廣泛且大量閱讀各類主題文章

所累積的實力。單是把六冊課本讀熟是不足以應付今年指考難度的,唯有平日多背單字、多閱讀、多

做模擬試題的考生,才會是指考的贏家。接下來就各題型做更仔細的說明。

貳、試題測驗重點及應試對策

一、詞彙

題幹的主題包羅萬象,大多都是說明或敘事的語氣,從顯微鏡到極端氣候,從租屋到股東獲利,

各不相同。不過這些內容應該對一般考生並不陌生,加上題目句意完整、線索充足,要看懂題目並不

難,但是要選出正確答案就沒這麼容易。背熟課本的單字絕對不夠,必須熟讀大考中心 7000 單字表

才能拿滿分。雖然有難度,但是並無超出範圍的題目。

就詞類來看:名詞 4 題、動詞 2 題、形容詞 3 題、副詞 1 題。其中 7 題是現在式、3 題是過去式

,非常好判斷。40 個詞彙選項,除了兩個三級的詞彙選項外,其他都落在在大考中心詞彙表的四級

到六級的詞彙範圍內。就正確答案的部分分析,比起去年的五個五級和五個六級,今年對考生友善

多了,有一題是三級詞彙—extremes,兩題是四級詞彙—germs, pedaled,三題是五級詞彙—

recommended, verbally, robust,另外四題是六級詞彙—diversion, supervision, brisk, legendary。至

於各題其他三個誘答的選項,三十個中只有兩個屬於三級詞彙、八個是四級詞彙,其餘有九個是五級

Page 3: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

2

詞彙、十一個是六級詞彙。由此可知,背熟大考中心詞彙表是拿下詞彙題十分的不二法門,五級和六

級的部分更是拉高分數的關鍵。

二、綜合測驗

這兩篇克漏字重點都在根據文意正確的用字。第一篇是用輕鬆的語氣談論個人空間的問題,文

長 182 字。除了第鐝題是考動詞轉形容詞的變化 preferred,勉強算是文法題外,其他四題都是選出

適合文意的字詞,兩題動詞、一題名詞、一題片語,中等程度的考生這一篇克漏字應該可以輕鬆過關

,更何況某些版本的課文有出現過個人空間的主題,所以內容很容易理解。第二篇文長較長有 214 字

,是簡單介紹科學家圖靈的一生,如果去年有看過電影《模仿遊戲》的考生,應該有中獎的感覺,

因為本篇內容就是電影主角的故事。和上一篇相同,也有四題是選出適合文意的字詞,副詞、形容詞

、片語、名詞各一題,如果和上一篇合起來一併計算,那麼詞類的分布也算是有刻意平均分配了。只

有第鑹題是時態的判斷,考生必須判斷出過去式的敘述中如何呈現未來的語氣,是不難但需要小心的

題目,當然如果對大量閱讀英文的考生而言,這個語氣是再自然也不過,可以靠語感就選出答案。整

體而言,綜合測驗難度中等,認真背單字片語的考生都沒問題,甚至比前面的詞彙題還好拿到滿分。

三、文意選填

文意選填自從前幾年改成 12 個選項選出搭配的 10 個正確答案後,許多考生都覺得難度提高不少

。人面獅身像對考生應該也不是陌生的主題,但是文章較長,有 329 個字,再加上工程部分的敘述不

是考生熟悉的內容,如果閱讀時不明白是要替換石塊的話,作答就會受到阻礙。除此之外,選項的詞

性清楚、不易混淆,例如兩個名詞的選項—problem, statue 意思完全不同,並不算是彼此很強的誘

答;另外多餘的兩個誘答部分—diversified, religious 也是字意和詞性鮮明的字,應該不會弄錯。

就選項的詞性分類,有三個現在式動詞、四個過去式動詞(或過去分詞)、兩個名詞、三個形容

詞,算是平均分配,不過每個選項字義都截然不同,並不會造成混淆,算是整份考卷裡難易適中的題

組。

四、篇章結構

比起去年艱澀難懂的篇章結構,今年的篇章結構內容是加盟店的優缺點,只要考生能夠猜出

franchise 的字義,也就是本篇的主題,答題就沒問題了。文長 313 字,第噔題和第䫤題是以下一句作

為答題的提示,第惨題和第颹題則是以上一句作為答題的提示,第䬙題較難,必須前後句連貫句意後

才能判斷出答案。這一大題估計會大好大壞,閱讀時可以理解是加盟店主題為關鍵,算是考閱讀能力

的偏難題組。

五、閱讀測驗

這次的四篇選文很明顯延續去年的風格,都是知識導向,從體驗型的歷史博物館、古生物大貓的

考古新發現、美國烹飪節目的演進,到科學家對人類尖叫聲的研究,每一篇都是著重知識性和學習性

,文章也偏長—第一篇 322 字、第二篇 287 字、第三篇 331 字、第四篇 336 字,如果沒有耐心閱讀

的話,無法選出正確選項。

第一篇文章因為是以第一人稱敘述,故比較淺顯易懂,但是題目並不容易。第飱題問作者從事的

職業,快速瀏覽文章的考生會錯失文章中的提示;第餎題和第餙題是問段落大意和最後兩句話的含意

,不是真正理解文意的人是無法作答的,本題組是很高水準的閱讀測驗題型。

Page 4: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

3

第二篇是古生物的考古新發現,文中充滿了地名和生物的專有名詞,一般考生恐怕只能從 big cats 去猜測文意。所以雖然這篇文章是四篇中最短的,但可能是考生最摸不著頭緒的,題目中前三題

都是考細節,第四題是考文章的目的,如果考生因為艱難的字彙而不耐心閱讀,恐怕無法作答。

第三篇文章相較之下算是淺顯易懂的,尤其和臺灣美食節目的發展有相似之處,所以在文章的理

解上,中等程度考生應該就游刃有餘了。但是題目仍然具有難度,必須小心判讀時間順序後再作答。

第四篇是最長的文章,其中較難的生字可能對自然組學生比較有利,但是其實文章並不難,若能

平心靜氣閱讀完文章的考生應該不至於看不懂,只怕時間的壓力影響閱讀理解力。本篇的題目如第一

篇考一題段落大意,最後兩題難度很高,對中上程度的學生是一大考驗。

六、中譯英

今年的非選題目,包括翻譯和作文題目應該都算是時事題,難度比去年增加。這兩題翻譯的題目

很明顯受到近來茲卡病毒和登革熱的啟發,所以考生如果在考前有複習國內外新聞大事,就一定有讀

到相關的句子。不過要拿下這八分也不容易,首先單字要拼正確,如 mosquitoes, infectious, transmit等,此外還要運用正確的句型,第一題要用到「一旦」的語氣,第二句的後半句可能要用現在分詞表

示。這些雖然不是困難句型,但是要在翻譯的時候運用得當也需要一些實力,和前幾年比起來算是偏

難的題目。

七、英文作文

延續去年回到傳統指考題型—兩段主旨或主題句式的段落寫作。去年的題目貼近考生的生活經

驗,很好發揮;但是今年是以「碩士清潔隊員滿街跑」的社會現象為題,要求考生第一段依據觀察說

明此現象成因,這是議論文的走向,也是許多學生的弱點;第二段說明自己對大學生涯的學習規劃,

這一段應該會比較好寫,尤其是某些考生準備過推甄的文件或口試,這段內容應該可以寫得很完整。

這算是偏難的作文題目,要在很短的時間內先敘述一個新聞內容或社會現象並不容易,考生平常

就要關心時事,觀察並了解社會議題,本題可以從就業大環境不佳、穩定工作的吸引力等因素切入,

再加上自己的看法即可。今年作文決勝關鍵應該會在第一段,除了語言能力之外,良好的組織力和說

服力也非常重要。

Page 5: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

105 69

8 105學年度指定科目考試

100 ~ 79 分 讚啦,你把場面都 hold 住了。

78 ~ 69 分 還差一點,你的人生就完整了。

68 ~ 50 分 注意!後面有人等著超越你呢!

49 ~ 31 分 別再打混摸魚囉!

30 ~ 22 分 你要如何面對江東父老呀?

第壹部分:選擇題(占 72 分)

一、詞彙(占 10 分)

說明︰第鋫題至第麿題,每題有 4 個選項,其中只有一個是正確或最適當的選項,請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題

答案區」。各題答對者,得 1 分;答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選 項者,該題以零分計算。

鋫Microscopes are used in medical research labs for studying bacteria or      that are too small to be visible to the naked eye. agencies codes germs indexes

鋳Lisa hopped on her bicycle and      as fast as she could through the dark narrow backstreets to get home after working the night shift. bounced commuted tumbled pedaled

鋴Rated as one of the top restaurants of the city, this steak house is highly      to visitors by the tourism bureau. encountered recommended outnumbered speculated

鋽The manager      agreed to rent his apartment to me. Even though the agreement was not put in writing, I am sure he will keep his word. barely stably verbally massively

鍃For Jerry, practicing yoga three times a week is a relaxing      from his tight work schedule. diversion medication nuisance fulfillment

鎄Parents could be charged with neglect or abandonment if they leave their young children home alone without adult     . intuition supervision compassion obligation

鎭Walking at a      pace for a shorter amount of time burns more calories than walking at a slow pace for a longer period of time. joyous superb brisk decent

䥅Plants and animals in some deserts must cope with a climate of      —freezing winters and very hot summers. extremes forecasts atmospheres homelands

Page 6: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

70 8

䥑The success of J.K. Rowling is      , with her Harry Potter series making her a multi-millionaire in just a few years. eligible marginal confidential legendary

麿The high-tech company’s      earnings surely made its shareholders happy since they were getting a good return on their investment. robust solitary imperative terminal

二、綜合測驗(占 10 分)

說明︰第鐗題至第関題,每題一個空格,請依文意選出最適當的一個選項,請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區

」。各題答對者,得 1 分;答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者,該題以零分計算。

鐗-鐾題為題組

  Have you been irritated by someone standing too close in line, talking too loud or making eye contact for too long? Or, they may have  鐗  you with the loud music from their earphones, or by taking up more than one seat on a crowded subway car. You feel unhappy because your personal space has been violated.  According to scientists, personal space involves certain invisible forces imposed on you through all the  匁  . For example, people may feel their space is being invaded when they experience an unwelcome sound, smell, or stare.  In certain situations such as in crowded subway cars or elevators, it is not always possible for people to keep their  鐝  distance from others. They learn coping strategies to deal with their discomfort. For instance, people often avoid eye contact with someone standing  鐭  them, or they pretend that these people are lifeless objects in their personal space. Given the opportunity, they may  鐾  to a corner, putting distance between themselves and strangers. Or, they may sit or stand equidistant from one another like birds on a wire.鐗 offended controlled acquired supplied匁 angles events senses regions鐝 prefer preferring preferred being preferred鐭 long before close to aside from soon after鐾 retreat explore dispense connect

䥪-関題為題組

  Alan Turing was one of the leading scientific geniuses of the 20th century. Many scholars consider him the father of modern computer science. He was also the man who cracked the  䥪  uncrackable Enigma code used by Nazi Germany. His code-breaking turned the tide of World War II and helped save two million lives. Nevertheless,  鑔  people have even heard his name.  Turing displayed signs of high intelligence in math and science at a young age. By the time he was 23, he had already come up with the idea of what  鑹  the modern computer—the Turing machine. Today, Turing machines are still used in theoretical computation. He also proposed the now famous Turing test, used to determine whether a computer exhibits intelligent behavior equivalent to that of a human.

Page 7: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

105 71

  The postwar era, however, was a disaster for Turing. He was gay, which was then a crime in Britain.  锭  being hailed as one of the crucial figures in defeating the Nazis, Turing was convicted of “gross indecency.” This  関  drove him to commit suicide in 1954, at the age of 41. Nearly 60 years after his death, Queen Elizabeth II granted Turing a formal pardon for his conviction, upon an online petition signed by prominent scientists and technology leaders around the world.䥪 eventually precisely concernedly supposedly鑔 many some any few鑹 would become should become could have become had become锭 Because of Instead of In addition to With respect to関 compromise procession humiliation supplement

三、文意選填(占 10 分)

說明:第䦧題至第韂題,每題一個空格,請依文意在文章後所提供的到褤選項中分別選出最適當者,並將其

英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者,得 1 分;答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個

選項者,該題以零分計算。

䦧-韂題為題組

  The Great Sphinx in the Giza desert is a mythological creature with the body of a lion and the head of a human being. This monumental  䦧  is often regarded as a national symbol of Egypt, having guarded the famous Egyptian pyramids for 4,000 years. Nevertheless, the stone creature does not look like it did 4,000 years ago; wind, water, pollution, and human contact have slowly  间  the rock. Scientists are now trying to restore it. They not only want it to look like it did when it was first built but also are looking for ways to keep it from  阳  more than it has.  Fixing the Sphinx, however, is not an easy job. It takes several years of  䧥  before the work begins. Each stone in the Sphinx is carefully  枠  . Scientists use computers to help figure out the size and shape of each stone. Each old stone is given a number. Then, one by one, replacement stones are carved by hand, just like people did long ago, in the  䨤  sizes and shapes as the ones they are replacing. When the new stones are ready, they are  靀  and the worn ones removed.  Scientists are also worried about how to keep the Sphinx from falling apart again. They have talked about  䨵  a wall around the Sphinx to protect it from the wind and sand, or perhaps covering it completely with a glass pyramid. Some think that burying part of it in the sand would serve the purpose. One scientist has even suggested building a  鞲  shelter to protect it at night and during bad weather. The walls of the shelter could be retracted into the ground during the day so that visitors could see the Sphinx.  There are no easy solutions to the  韂  , not to mention solutions that are agreeable to all parties. The one thing that is agreed upon is that something needs to be done to protect this ancient sculpture.

Page 8: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

72 8

movable installed diversified problem aged 际 planning

螋 measured 䘆 constructing 䘗 exact 袮 deteriorating 裿 statue 褤 religious

四、篇章結構(占 10 分)

說明:第噔題至第䬙題,每題一個空格。請依文意在文章後所提供的到际選項中分別選出最適當者,填入空

格中,使篇章結構清晰有條理,並將其英文字母代號畫記在答案卡之「選擇題答案區」。各題答對者,

得 2 分;答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項 者,該題以零分計算。

噔-䬙題為題組

  Starting a business on one’s own can be quite challenging and costly. To reduce the risks involved in starting a business from scratch, many people buy a franchise instead.  噔  Under the license, the individual acquires the right to use the big company’s brand name and agrees to sell its products.  The concept of the franchise dates back to the 19th century in the U.S.  䫤  Then, in the 1930s, Howard Johnson restaurants skyrocketed in popularity, paving the way for restaurant chains and the subsequent franchises that would define the unprecedented rise of the American fast-food industry.  There are many advantages to investing in a franchise. One of the benefits is the ready-made business operation.  惨  Depending on the franchise, the franchisor company may offer support in training and financial planning. Some even provide assistance with approved suppliers. To new business owners, the most recognized advantage of a franchise is perhaps the well-established brand name of the franchisor such as that of McDonald’s.  颹    Disadvantages include heavy start-up costs as well as ongoing royalty costs on the part of the franchisee. To take the McDonald’s example further, the estimated minimum cost for a franchisee to start a McDonald’s is US$500,000. And it has to pay an annual fee equivalent to 12% of its sales to McDonald’s.  䬙  Other disadvantages include lack of territory control or creativity with one’s own business. Whether a franchise is profitable or not depends largely on the nature of the business. Research has shown that customers tend to choose a brand they recognize over one they don’t. A franchise comes with a built-in business formula including products, services, and even

employee uniforms. Moreover, the franchisee is given no right to renew or extend the franchise after the term of the

contract. The most famous example was Isaac Singer, who created franchises to distribute his sewing

machines to larger areas.际 A franchise is a license issued by a large, usually well-known, company to an individual or a

small business owner.

Page 9: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

105 73

五、閱讀測驗(占 32 分)

說明︰第飱題至第窃題,每題請分別根據各篇文章之文意選出最適當的一個選項,請畫記在答案卡之「選擇題

答案區」。各題答對者,得 2 分;答錯、未作答或畫記多於一個選項者,該題以零分計算。

飱-餙題為題組

  Some people call it a traveling museum. Others refer to it as a living or open-air museum. Built in Brazil to celebrate the quincentennial of Columbus’ first voyage to the New World, the Nina, a Columbus-era replica ship, provides visitors with an accurate visual of the size and sailing implements of Columbus’ favorite ship from over 500 years ago .  I joined the crew of the Nina in Gulf Shores, Alabama, in February 2013. As part of a research project sponsored by my university, my goal was to document my days aboard the ship in a blog. I quickly realized that I gained the most valuable insights when I observed or gave tours to school-age children. The field-trip tour of the Nina is hands-on learning at its best. In this setting, students could touch the line, pass around a ballast stone, and move the extremely large tiller that steered the ships in Columbus’ day. They soon came to understand the labor involved in sailing the ship back in his time. I was pleased to see the students become active participants in their learning process.  The Nina is not the only traveling museum that provides such field trips. A visit to Jamestown Settlement, for example, allows visitors to board three re-creations of the ships that brought the first settlers from England to Virginia in the early 1600s. Historical interpreters, dressed in period garb, give tours to the Susan Constant, Godspeed, and Discovery. These interpreters often portray a character that would have lived and worked during that time period. Students touring these ships are encouraged to interact with the interpreters in order to better understand the daily life in the past.  My experience on the Nina helps substantiate my long-held belief that students stay interested, ask better questions, and engage in higher-order thinking tasks when they are actively engaged in the learning process. The students who boarded the Nina came as passive learners. They left as bold explorers.

飱What line of business is the author engaged in? Shipping. Education. Ecological tourism. Museum administration.

塄Which of the following is true about the Nina introduced in the passage? She is a replica of a ship that Columbus built in Brazil. She is always crowded with foreign tourists during holidays. She is the boat Columbus sailed in his voyage to the New World. She displays a replica of the navigational equipment used in Columbus’ time.

Page 10: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

74 8

餎What is the third paragraph mainly about? Guidelines for visitors on the ships. Life of the first settlers in Jamestown Settlement. Duties of the interpreters in the British museums. Introduction to some open-air museums similar to the Nina.

餙What does the author mean by the last two sentences of the passage? The students are interested in becoming tour guides. The experience has changed the students’ learning attitude. The students become brave and are ready to sail the seas on their own. The museums are successful in teaching the students survival skills at sea.

冴-饂題為題組

  An ancient skull unearthed recently indicates that big cats originated in central Asia—not Africa as widely thought, paleontologists reported on Wednesday.  Dated at between 4.1 and 5.95 million years old, the fossil is the oldest remains ever found of a pantherine felid, as big cats are called. The previous felid record holder—tooth fragments found in Tanzania—is estimated to be around 3.8 million years old.  The evolution of big cats has been hotly discussed, and the issue is complicated by a lack of fossil evidence to settle the debate.  “This find suggests that big cats have a deeper evolutionary origin than previously suspected,” said Jack Tseng, a paleontologist of the University of Southern California who led the probe.  Tseng and his team made the find in 2010 in a remote border region in Tibet. The fossil was found stuck among more than 100 bones that were probably deposited by a river that exited a cliff. After three years of careful comparisons with other fossils, using DNA data to build a family tree, the team is convinced the creature was a pantherine felid.  The weight of evidence suggests that central or northern Asia is where big cats originated some 16 million years ago. They may have lived in a vast mountain refuge, formed by the uplifting Himalayas, feeding on equally remarkable species such as the Tibetan blue sheep. They then dispersed into Southeast Asia, evolving into the clouded leopard, tiger and snow leopard lineages, and later movements across continents saw them evolve into jaguars and lions.  The newly discovered felid has been called Panthera Blytheae, after Blythe Haaga, daughter of a couple who support a museum in Los Angeles, the university said in a news release.

冴According to the passage, why is the origin of big cats a hot issue? Because not many fossils have been found. Because they moved across continents. Because no equipment was available for accurate analysis. Because they have evolved into many different species of felid.

Page 11: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

105 75

餜Where was the new felid fossil found? In Tanzania. In Tibet. In California. In Southeast Asia.

餷According to the passage, which of the following statements is true regarding big cats? Some big cats evolved into jaguars 16 million years ago. The oldest fossil of big cats ever discovered is 3.8 million years old. Big cats are descendants of snow leopards living in high mountains. Tibetan blue sheep was a main food source for big cats in the Himalayas.

饂What is the purpose of this passage? To promote wildlife conservation. To report on a new finding in paleontology. To introduce a new animal species. To compare the family trees of pantherine felids.

饝-駅題為題組

  American cooking programs have taught audiences, changed audiences, and changed with audiences from generation to generation. In October 1926, the U.S. Department of Agriculture created this genre’s first official representative, a fictional radio host named Aunt Sammy. Over the airwaves, she educated homemakers on home economics and doled out advice on all kinds of matters, but it was mostly the cooking recipes that got listeners’ attention. The show provided a channel for transmitting culinary advice and brought about a national exchange of recipes.  Cooking shows transitioned to television in the 1940s, and in the 1950s were often presented by a cook systematically explaining instructions on how to prepare dishes from start to finish. These programs were broadcast during the day and aimed at middle-class women whose mindset leaned toward convenient foods for busy families. Poppy Cannon, for example, was a popular writer of The Can-Opener Cookbook. She appeared on various television shows, using canned foods to demonstrate how to cook quickly and easily.  Throughout the sixties and seventies, a few chef-oriented shows redefined the genre as an exhibition of haute European cuisine by celebrity gourmet experts. This elite cultural aura then gave way to various cooking styles from around the world. An example of such change can be seen in Martin Yan’s 1982 “Yan Can Cook” series, which demonstrated Chinese cuisine cooking with the catchphrase, “If Yan can cook, you can too!” By the 1990s, these cooking shows ranged from high-culture to health-conscious cuisine, with chefs’ personalities and entertainment value being two keys to successful productions.  At the beginning of the 21st century, new cooking shows emerged to satisfy celeb-hungry, reality-crazed audiences. In this new millennium of out-of-studio shows and chef competition reality shows, chefs have become celebrities whose fame rivals that of rock stars. Audiences of these shows tend to be people who are interested in food and enjoy watching people cook rather than those who want to do the cooking themselves, leaving the age-old emphasis on following recipes outmoded.

Page 12: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

76 8

饝Which of the following is closest in meaning to “haute” in the third paragraph? Coarse. Civilian. Various. High-class.

饢Which of the following is true about audiences of American cooking shows? Those in the ’30s preferred advice on home economics to cooking instructions. Those in the ’40s and ’50s were interested in food preparation for busy families. Those in the ’60s and ’70s were eager to exchange recipes with each other. Those in the ’80s enjoyed genuine American-style gourmet cooking.

䭰According to the passage, which of the following is true about the most recent cooking programs? They are often hosted by rock stars. They are often not filmed in the studios. They attract many celebrity viewers. They invite hungry audience members to be judges.

駅Which of the following would most likely be a hit cooking show in the ’90s? A show dedicated to European cuisine and gourmet food. A show sponsored by food companies advertising new products. A show hosted by a humorous chef presenting low-calorie dishes. A show with a professional cook demonstrating systematic ways of cooking.

䮝-窃題為題組

  Screaming is one of the primal responses humans share with other animals. Conventional thinking suggests that what sets a scream apart from other sounds is its loudness or high pitch. However, many sounds that are loud and high-pitched do not raise goose bumps like screams can. To find out what makes human screams unique, neuroscientist Luc Arnal and his team examined a bank of sounds containing sentences spoken or screamed by 19 adults. The result shows screams and screamed sentences had a quality called “roughness,” which refers to how fast a sound changes in loudness. While normal speech sounds only have slight differences in loudness—between 4 and 5 Hz, screams can switch very fast, varying between 30 and 150 Hz, thus perceived as being rough and unpleasant.  Arnal’s team asked 20 subjects to judge screams as neutral or fearful, and found that the scariest almost always corresponded with roughness. The team then studied how the human brain responds to roughness using fMRI brain scanners. As expected, after hearing a scream, activity increased in the brain’s auditory centers where sound coming into the ears is processed. But the scans also lit up in the amygdala, the brain’s fear center.  The amygdala is the area that regulates our emotional and physiological response to danger. When a threat is detected, our adrenaline rises, and our body prepares to react to danger. The study discovered that screams have a similar influence on our body. It also found that roughness isn’t heard when we speak naturally, regardless of the language we use, but it is prevalent in

Page 13: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

105 77

artificial sounds. The most aggravating alarm clocks, car horns, and fire alarms possess high degrees of roughness.  One potential application for this research might be to add roughness to alarm sounds to make them more effective, the same way a bad smell is added to natural gas to make it easily detectable. Warning sounds could also be added to electric cars, which are particularly silent, so they can be efficiently detected by pedestrians.

䮝What is the first paragraph mainly about? Different types of screams. Human sounds and animal cries. Specific features of screams. Sound changes and goose bumps.

騼According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a finding by Arnal’s team? Changes in volume make screams different from other sounds. Only humans can produce sounds with great loudness variation. Normal human speech sounds vary between 4 to 5 Hz in loudness. Drastic volume variation in speech can effectively activate the amygdala.

鬏What does “it” in the third paragraph refer to? The study. Language. Roughness. The amygdala.

窃Which of the following devices may be improved with the researchers’ findings? Smoke detectors. Security cameras. Electric bug killers. Fire extinguishers.

第貳部分:非選擇題(占 28 分)

說明:本部分共有二題,請依各題指示作答,答案必須寫在「答案卷」上,並標明大題號(一、二)。作答務

必使用筆尖較粗之黑色墨水的筆書寫,且不得使用鉛筆。

一、中譯英(占 8 分)

說明:鋫請將以下中文句子譯成正確、通順、達意的英文,並將答案寫在「答案卷」上。

鋳請依序作答,並標明子題號(鋫、鋳)。每題 4 分,共 8 分。

鋫蚊子一旦叮咬過某些傳染病的患者,就可能將病毒傳給其他人。

鋳它們在人類中快速散播疾病,造成的死亡遠超乎我們所能想像。

二、英文作文(占 20 分)

說明︰鋫依提示在「答案卷」上寫一篇英文作文。

鋳文長至少 120 個單詞(words)。

提示: 最近有一則新聞報導,標題為「碩士清潔隊員(waste collectors with a master’s degree)滿街跑」,提及某縣市招考清潔隊員,出現 50 位碩士畢業生報考,引起各界關注。

請就這個主題, 寫一篇英文作文,文長至少 120 個單詞。文分兩段,第一段依據你的

觀察說明這個現象的成因,第二段則就你如何因應上述現象,具體(舉例)說明你對

大學生涯的學習規劃。

Page 14: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

78 8

Level germsLevel pedaledLevel recommendedLevel verballyLevel diversionLevel supervisionLevel briskLevel extremesLevel legendaryLevel robust

instead of

Page 15: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

36 第 8 回

8 105 學年度指定科目考試

       

       䥪

   関    

       

       

       

  

第壹部分:選擇題

一、詞彙

顯微鏡使用在醫學研究實驗室中,用以研究太小而肉

眼看不到的細菌或病菌。

代理;經銷處 密碼

病菌 索引。

the naked eye 肉眼,裸視。

在值完夜班之後,麗莎跳上腳踏車,盡可能地騎得飛

快穿越黑暗狹窄的後巷到家。

彈跳 通勤

跌倒 踩踏騎車。

the night shift 夜班。

這家牛排館評定為這個城市的最佳餐廳之一,因此它

被觀光局高度推薦給旅客。

偶遇 推薦

數量上超過 思索,推測。

經理口頭上答應把公寓租給我。儘管這份協議沒有寫

下來,我確定他會遵守承諾。

幾乎不 穩定

口頭上 大規模地。

keep one’s word 遵守承諾。

對 Jerry 而言,一週練三次瑜珈是他從緊湊的工作時

程表中抽離的放鬆活動。

轉移活動 醫藥

討厭的人事物 實踐;履行。

父母可能會被控忽略或遺棄,如果他們將年幼的孩子

單獨留在家中而沒有大人的照看。

直覺 照看;監督

同情,憐憫 責任,義務。

be charged with 被控~罪。

快速地走較短的一段時間,比起以較慢的速度走較長

的一段時間,燃燒較多的熱量。

高興的 極好的,一流的

輕快的 得體的。

某些沙漠的動植物必須應付氣候的極端狀況—嚴寒

的冬天及酷熱的夏天。

極端的狀況 預報

大氣;氣氛 祖國。

cope with 處理。

在哥樂美國家公園裡,下列何者不是由雕鑿岩石所提

供的功能?

庇護所

美術館

住宅

做禮拜的地方。

下面哪一個句子最能描述本文的主旨?

哥樂美是大自然遇見人類的奇蹟之地

哥樂美是土耳其古代生活的代表

哥樂美是大自然力量活生生的典範

哥樂美是融合新舊的觀光景點。

第貳部分:非選擇題

一、中譯英

Taiwan has the highest density of convenience stores in the world, with one store for every 2000 people on average.

Besides purchasing daily necessities, customers can pay bills at these stores and even get the items they have ordered online.

二、英文作文

  This winter vacation, I was honored to be invited by the primary school I graduated from, to teach twenty school children how to play Rubik’s cubes. It was a three-hour activity in the winter camp held for the kids in need. On the arrival of the very day, I pulled a large suitcase with a variety of cubes in it, my heart almost bumping into the mouth. Thanks to the support of my primary school teacher and the eager eyes of those lovely kids, I introduced the history of Rubik’s cubes, showed them my precious collections, sent them one cube as a present, and taught them how to play it. In the meanwhile, I shared with them my passion for the cubes and the joy of having a hobby. All went well as my private rehearsals in front of the mirror in my own room. Looking at their satisfied smiles, I knew I made it!  This experience is a great inspiration, giving me courage and confidence to share what I know and what I love with the whole world. When invited, I accepted it immediately; however, it was not easy, for a high school student like me, to design an interesting and educational course. I regretted having made such a prompt promise, for I was afraid to be a fool in public. Now, I feel lucky to have this chance to prove myself. During this recent decade, I have been used to receiving what parents prepare for me and what is taught at school. This is the first time I know the significance of sharing, and it brings me huge satisfaction. I make a resolution to set up a website of My Cubes, to share, share, and share!

Page 16: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

37105

為他破解密碼而翻轉了第二次世界大戰的形勢,幫助

解救了兩百萬條生命。儘管如此,卻幾乎沒有人聽過

他的名字。

  圖靈在很年輕的時候就展現數學和科學方面的高

度智慧。到了他二十三歲時,他就已經想出未來現代

電腦的概念—圖靈機。今天,圖靈機依然被運用在

理論性的計算上。他也提出了現在知名的圖靈測試,

用來測定一台電腦是否展現和人類同等的智能行為。

  然而,戰後的年代對圖靈就是一個大災難,他是

同性戀,在當時的英國這是一種罪。他並未因為是擊

敗納粹的關鍵人物而受到歡呼致意,圖靈反而被判定

「猥褻罪」。這項恥辱迫使他在 1954 年自殺,享年

41 歲。在他死了將近六十年後,全世界的傑出科學家

和科技領導人物共同簽署一份網路訴願,伊莉莎白二

世女王立刻應允正式赦免圖靈的罪。

【字詞提示】

genius n. 天才;crack v. 打開;enigma n. 謎;

Nazi n. 納粹;turn the tide 轉變形勢;

intelligence n. 智慧;come up with 想出;

theoretical adj. 理論的;computation n. 計算;

propose v. 提出;determine v. 測出;

exhibit v. 展現出;equivalent adj. 相同的(to);

postwar adj. 戰後的;disaster n. 災難;

gay adj. 同性戀的;hail v. 致敬,歡呼;

crucial adj. 關鍵的;figure n. 人物;defeat v. 擊敗;

convict v. 判罪;gross adj. 粗俗的;

gross indecency n. 猥褻罪;commit suicide 自殺;

grant v. 給予;pardon n. 赦免;conviction n. 定罪;

petition n. 請願;prominent adj. 傑出的。

䥪最後 精確地 擔憂地 據稱;一般相信。

許多 一些 任何 很少,幾乎沒有。

本題是要在過去的時態當中表示未來的語氣,因此用

would + 原形 V。

因為 不~而~ 除了~之外 關於。

関妥協 行列 恥辱 補充。

三、文意選填

-題為題組

【中譯】

  吉薩沙漠的人面獅身像是神話中的生物,有著獅

子的身體和人類的頭。這座紀念雕像通常被認為是埃

及的國家象徵,已經守護知名的埃及金字塔四千年了

。然而,這個石雕生物看起來並不是它四千年前的樣

子,風吹雨淋、汙染加上人類的碰觸已經慢慢使岩石

老化。科學家現在正試著修復它,他們不只希望它看

起來像當初剛建造的模樣,更尋求讓它不要再繼續惡

化下去的方法。

  但是,修復人面獅身像並不是一件簡單的工作。

在工作開始之前,需要好幾年的策畫,人面獅身像的

J.K. 羅琳的成功是十分傳奇的,她的哈利波特系列在

短短數年內就讓她成為千萬富翁。

有資格的 邊緣的;微小的

機密的 傳奇的。

這家高科技公司健全的所得一定讓它的股東很高興,

因為他們的投資一直都有很好的回報。

健全的 獨自的

緊急的 末期的;終點的。

二、綜合測驗

-題為題組

【中譯】

  你曾經因為有人排隊靠你太近、說話太大聲或眼

神接觸過久而感到惱怒嗎?或者,他們可能因為耳機

傳出大聲的音樂而冒犯你,或是在擁擠的地鐵車廂中

占了不只一個位置。你覺得不高興,因為你的個人空

間已經被侵犯了。

  根據科學家的研究,個人空間包括了從各種感官

加諸在你身上的某些無形力量。例如,人們會覺得他

們的空間被侵犯,當他們感受到不想要的聲音、氣味

或注視。

  在某些情況下,例如擁擠的地鐵車廂或電梯裡,

人們就不能總是和他人維持他們個人偏好的距離。他

們要學會應對策略來處理不舒服的狀況,例如,人們

常常避免和站得近的人有眼神接觸,或是假裝這些在

他們個人空間的人都是無生命的物體。假如有機會的

話,他們很可能會退到角落,讓自己和陌生人之間空

出距離。又或是,他們會站或坐離彼此等距,就像是

電線上的鳥兒一樣。

【字詞提示】

irritate v. 使人惱怒;eye contact n. 眼神接觸;

take up 佔據;involve v. 包括;

impose v. 強加於(on);invade v. 侵犯;

coping strategies 應對策略;pretend v. 假裝;

lifeless adj. 無生命的;object n. 物體;

given prep. 如果有;equidistant adj. 等距的;

wire n. 電線。

冒犯 控制 習得 供給。

角度 事件 感官 地區。

本題格要填入一形容詞修飾後面的名詞 distance,因

此選 preferred adj. 偏好的;首選的。

很久以前 接近 除了~之外 不久。

選項是表示時間的副詞片語,後面不接受詞。

撤退 探索 分配 連接;聯絡

䥪-関題為題組

【中譯】

  艾倫.圖靈是二十世紀頂尖的科學天才之一,許

多學者認為他是現代電腦科學之父。納粹德軍所使用

的謎碼,一般認為是無法破解的,他就是破解者,因

Page 17: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

38 第 8 回

四、篇章結構

-題為題組

【中譯】

  自己創業可能是相當有挑戰性也很花錢的,為了

降低從頭開始創業的相關風險,許多人反而會選擇加

盟。加盟權是一種許可執照,由大型、普遍知名的

公司發行給個人或小型企業主。在這個執照下,個人

有權可以使用大公司的品牌並同意販賣它的商品。

  加盟的概念可以追溯到十九世紀的美國。最有

名的例子就是艾沙克.勝家,他創造了加盟店,使他

的縫紉機可以分送到更大的區域。然後,在 1930 年

代,霍華德強森餐廳人氣一飛衝天,幫連鎖餐廳和接

下來的加盟店鋪好了路,也就解釋了後來美國速食業

空前未見的興起。

  投資一間加盟店有許多好處。其中一個利益就是

現成的企業經營模式。伴隨加盟店而來的是內建的

企業經營公式,包括產品、服務、甚至員工的制服。

視加盟店而定,加盟主公司可能會提供員工訓練和財

務規畫的支援;有些甚至會和核可的供應商一起提供

協助。對於新的企業主而言,加盟店最被認可的優點

可能就是加盟主信譽卓著的招牌,例如麥當勞。研

究顯示,顧客傾向選擇他們認得的品牌,而不是不認

得的。

  缺點則包括沉重的開店成本,以及加盟者部份持

續要付的權利金。再進一步舉麥當勞的例子,加盟者

要開一間麥當勞預估最少要花費五十萬美金,然後還

必須付給麥當勞百分之十二的銷售額當作年費。不

只如此,在合約到期之後,加盟者沒有權利恢復或延

伸加盟權。其他的壞處還包括缺乏領域控制權,也不

能有經營自己企業的創意。

【字詞提示】

challenging adj. 有挑戰性;

start ~ from scratch 從零開始;

franchise n. 加盟(店);acquire v. 取得;

brand name 品牌;date back to 追溯到;

skyrocket v. 上升;popularity n. 受歡迎,人氣;

pave v. 鋪路;subsequent adj. 隨後的;

unprecedented adj. 空前未有的;advantage n. 優點;

invest v. 投資;ready-made adj. 現成的;

depending on 視~而定;assistance n. 援助;

approved adj. 核准的;supplier n. 供應商;

recognized adj. 認可的;

well-established adj. 信譽卓著的;

disadvantage n. 缺點;start-up n. 啟動;

as well as 以及;ongoing adj. 持續的;

royalty n. 權利金;estimated adj. 估計的;

minimum adj. 最小的;annual adj. 每年的;

fee n. 費用;territory n. 領域。

每一塊石頭都被仔細地測量,科學家用電腦幫忙計算

每塊石頭的大小和形狀。每塊古老的石頭都被編號,

然後一塊一塊地手工雕刻那些替代石塊,如同遠古以

前的人的做法,其準確的尺寸和形狀就和那些將被換

置的石塊一模一樣。新石塊準備好了的時候,就會安

裝上去,並移除已經磨損風化的舊石塊。

  科學家也擔心如何保持人面獅身像不要再度崩壞

。他們曾提及在人面獅身像周圍築一道牆,保護它免

受風沙吹襲,或者也許可以用一座玻璃金字塔完全罩

住它。有些人覺得把部分雕像埋入沙中可以達到目的

。有一位科學家甚至建議,蓋一個移動式的遮蔽物,

以便在晚間和惡劣天候時保護它,日間遮蔽牆可以縮

回地面,那麼遊客就可以看得到人面獅身像。

  這個問題沒有一個簡單的解決方法,更別提有讓

各方都同意的方法。大家都同意的一件事是,一定要

採取行動保護這座古老的雕像。

【字詞提示】

sphinx n. 人面獅身像;mythological adj. 神話的;

creature n. 生物;monumental adj. 紀念的;

pyramid n. 金字塔;contact n. 接觸;

restore v. 修復;figure out 計算;

one by one 一個接一個;replacement n. 取代;

carve v. 雕刻;worn adj. 磨損的;remove v. 移除;

fall apart 瓦解;

serve the purpose 可解決問題、達到目的;

shelter n. 遮蔽物;retract v. 縮回;

not to mention 更別提;agreeable adj. 同意的;

ancient adj. 古代的;sculpture n. 雕像。

人面獅身像是埃及卡夫拉金字塔旁的雕像,是現今已

知最古老的紀念雕像,因此填入 statue(雕像)。

前面提及的氣候、汙染和人為因素種種都會破壞雕像

的岩石,因此選擇動詞 age(老化)。

根據句意應該是修復之外還要免於繼續老化下去,這

裡搭配的用法是 keep ~ from Ving 是「使~免於~」

之意,因此選 deteriorating(惡化)。

動工之前當然要有縝密的計畫,因此選 planning。 從下一句用電腦幫忙計算尺寸,就可以知道本題指的

是仔細的測量,所以是 measured。 本題格需要一形容詞和後面 as 的句意連接,最適合的

是 exact 準確的。

前面不斷提到新石塊是用來取代舊石塊,後面又接著

說舊石塊被移除,所以這裡是 installed(安裝)。

搭配後面受詞 a wall,從語意得知是築一道牆,所以

是 constructing(建築)。

從下一句文意可以知道這道牆是可移動的,所以選擇

movable。 本題格需要一名詞用來指修復人面獅身像這件事,所

以選擇 problem。

Page 18: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

39105

document v. 紀錄;aboard adv. 在船上;

blog n. 航行日誌,部落格;insight n. 觀點,洞察力;

give tours 導覽;field-trip n. 校外教學;

hands-on adj. 實際的;at its best 最好的狀態;

setting n. 環境;ballast stone n. 壓艙石;

extremely adv. 極度地;tiller n. 舵柄;

steer v. 操縱,駕駛;participant n. 參與者;

board v. 登船;settler n. 定居者;

historical interpreter n. 歷史演繹者;

period garb 那個時代的裝束打扮;

portray v. 飾演,描繪;interact v. 互動;

substantiate v. 證實;long-held adj. 長期持有的;

engage in 從事,參加;high-order n. 高階;

passive adj. 消極的;bold adj. 勇敢的。

作者從事什麼行業?

運輸 教育(見第二段第二句)

生態旅遊 博物館管理。

關於在本文中所介紹的尼娜號,下列敘述何者為真?

是哥倫比亞在巴西建造的復刻版船 (非哥倫比亞建

造)

在假期當中常擠滿了外國觀光客 (未提及)

是哥倫比亞航行至新世界的船 (是復刻版船)

展現復刻版的哥倫比亞時代使用的航行工具(見第

一段第三句)。

第三段的主旨為何?

給船上訪客的指南

詹姆士鎮永久殖民地第一批定居者的生活

英國博物館中演繹者的責任

一些類似尼娜號的露天博物館的介紹。

作者在本文所寫的最後兩句話的意思是什麼?

學生對於當導遊很有興趣

這個經驗改變了學生的學習態度

學生變得勇敢,準備自己去航海

博物館成功地教導學生海上的生存技能。

-題為題組

【中譯】

  最近挖掘出來的古代頭骨顯示大貓起源於中亞

—不是廣被認為的非洲,這是古生物學家在星期三

報告的。

  追溯是介於 410 萬年到 595 萬年前之間,這化石

是有史以來發現最古老的豹屬貓科動物的遺骸,就是我

們稱為大貓的動物。先前貓科紀錄保持者—在坦桑

尼亞發現的牙齒碎片—據估計大約是 380 萬年前。

  大貓的演化已經受到熱烈的討論,這個議題因為

缺乏化石證據而更加複雜,無法解決爭論。

  「這個發現指出大貓比先前猜想的有更深遠的演

化起源。」南加大的古生物學家曾志傑這麼說,他帶

領這次的探測研究。

下一句 Under the license 提示本題應該有提及 license這個字,所以只有符合前後文意。

下一句 Then 接的是二十世紀加盟的例子,表示本題

是乘前一句十九世紀加盟起源的例子才對,因此選勝

家縫紉機的例子,也就是。

前一句提到現成的經營模式,本題該就這一點詳述或

舉例,所以選。

前一句說最大的優點就是有信譽的招牌,的研究結

果正好可以做為支持的論點。

本句必須符合本段主旨就是加盟的缺點,因此選。

五、閱讀測驗

-題為題組

【中譯】

  有些人稱它為移動的博物館,有些人稱它為活生

生或露天博物館。尼娜號,為了慶祝哥倫比亞第一次

航行至新世界的五百週年紀念而在巴西建造而成,是

哥倫比亞時代的復刻船,提供遊客精確大小的視覺效

果和五百年前哥倫比亞最愛船隻的航行工具。

  2013 年二月,我在阿拉巴馬州的葛爾夫海岸加入

尼娜號的船員行列。作為我的大學所贊助的研究計畫

的一部分,我的目標是要在航行日誌中記錄我在船上

的日子。我很快就了解,我得到最珍貴的觀點是在我

觀察或為小學生做導覽的時候。尼娜號的校外教學是

最佳的實際學習,在這個環境中,學生可以觸摸船繩

,繞著壓艙石走一圈,並移動非常巨大的舵柄,那是

在哥倫比亞時代用來操縱船隻的。他們很快就明白遠

在那個時代有關航行的勞動人力。我很高興看到學生

在學習的過程中成為積極的參與者。

  尼娜號並不是唯一提供這種校外教學的移動博物

館,例如,到詹姆士鎮永久殖民地就可以讓遊客登上

三艘重新打造的船,就是在 1600 年代初期從英國把

第一批定居者載到維吉尼亞州來的船。歷史演繹者穿

著那個時代的裝束打扮,導覽《永恆蘇珊號》、《一

帆風順號》和《發現號》這三艘船。這些演繹者常常

扮演在那個時期生活工作的人物,學生在參觀這些船

的時候被鼓勵和這些演繹者互動,以便更加了解過去

的日常生活。

  我在尼娜號的經驗幫助證實了我長久以來的信念

:當學生主動參與學習過程,他們就會保持興趣、問

較佳的問題並且從事較高階的思考任務。學生登上尼

娜號的時候是消極的學習者,他們離開時卻是勇敢的

探險家。

【字詞提示】

open-air adj. 露天的;quincentennial n. 五百週年紀念;

voyage n. 航行;replica adj. 復刻版的;

accurate adj. 精確的;visual n. 視覺效果;

implement n. 工具;crew n. 全體船員;

research project n. 研究計畫;sponsor v. 贊助;

Page 19: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

40 第 8 回

本文的目的為何?

宣傳野生動物保育

報導古生物學的新發現

介紹一種新的動物物種

比較豹屬貓科動物的族譜。

-題為題組

【中譯】

  美國烹飪節目教導觀眾、改變觀眾,一代一代隨

著觀眾改變。1926 年的十月,美國農業部創造出這個

節目類別的首位官方代表,一位虛擬的廣播主持人名

叫珊米嬸嬸。透過廣播頻道,她教導家庭主婦家庭經

濟,在所有的事務上都給一點點建議,但是烹飪食譜

的部分才是主要吸引聽眾之處。這個節目提供了一個

管道傳播烹調建議並造成全國性的食譜交流。

  在 1940 年代,烹飪節目轉戰至電視,在 1950 年

代通常呈現的是一位廚師有系統的解釋如何從頭到尾

準備菜餚的步驟。這些節目在白天播放,針對中等階

級婦女,她們的心態傾向於為忙碌的家人準備簡便的

食物。例如,帕比卡農就是《開罐器食譜》一書的人

氣作家,她出現在各式各樣的電視節目中,用罐頭食

物示範快速簡易的烹飪法。

  在整個 60 和 70 年代,一些以廚師為主的節目重

新定位這種節目類別為由名人美食專家展現精緻美味

的歐洲佳餚。這種上等的文化氛圍之後就讓位給來自

世界各地的多元烹調方式。這種改變的一個例子就是

1982 年甄文達的系列節目《甄能煮》,他示範中國美

食的烹飪法,還有句口號:「如果甄能煮,你也可以

!」到了 1990 年代,這些烹飪節目範圍很廣,從高

級文化佳餚到有健康概念的美食,廚師的個性和娛樂

價值視節目成功製作的兩大關鍵。

  在 21 世紀剛開始時,為了滿足觀眾渴望名人、狂

愛實境秀的心態,新型態的烹飪節目出現。在這種新

世紀的、走出攝影棚的節目和廚師競爭實境秀中,廚

師變成了名人,他們的名氣直逼搖滾明星。這些節目

的觀眾多半是喜歡美食而且享受觀看烹飪的過程,而

不是那些想要自己烹飪的人,這讓由來已久強調要跟

著食譜做菜是過時的了。

【字詞提示】

agriculture n. 農業;genre n. 類型,流派;

official adj. 官方的;representative n. 代表;

f ictional adj. 虛構的;airwave n. 廣播的頻道;

homemaker n. 家庭主婦;economics n. 經濟;

dole out 少量發放;recipe n. 食譜;channel n. 頻道;

transmit v. 傳遞;culinary adj. 烹調的;

bring about 造成;exchange v. 交換;

transition v. 轉移,轉型;

systematically adv. 有系統地;

instructions n. 操作說明;

from start to finish 從頭到尾;broadcast v. 廣播;

  2010 年,曾博士和他的團隊在西藏一個偏遠的邊

陲地區有此發現。這個化石被發現插在一百多根骨頭

當中,很可能是一條從懸崖流出的河流將其堆積在此

。在和其他化石仔細比對三年之後,使用 DNA 資料

建立了一份族譜,這個團隊相信這個生物就是豹屬貓

科動物。

  這個證據的分量顯示,中亞或北亞在大約一千六 百萬年前是大貓的起源地。牠們可能住在廣大的山間

庇護區,是由上升中的喜瑪拉雅山所形成的,牠們以

同樣引人注目的物種為主食,像是西藏藍羊。然後牠

們分散到東南亞,演化成雲豹、老虎和雪豹等譜系,

之後跨越大陸的移動就會看見牠們演化為美洲豹和獅

子。

  這種新發現的貓科動物已經被稱為布氏豹,以一

對支持洛杉磯博物館夫婦的女兒 Blythe Haaga 的名字

命名,大學方面在新聞稿中如是說。

【字詞提示】

skull n. 頭骨;unearth v. 挖掘出;originate v. 起源於;

paleontologist n. 古生物學者;fossil n. 化石;

remains n. 遺骸;pantherine felid 豹屬貓科動物;

fragment n. 碎片;evolution n. 演化,進化;

settle v. 解決;evolutionary adj. 演化的;

origin n. 起源;suspect v. 猜想,懷疑;probe n. 探測;

remote adj. 遙遠的;border n. 邊境;

deposit v. 堆積;exit v. 離開;cliff n. 懸崖;

convince v. 使相信,說服;vast adj. 廣大的;

uplifting adj. 上升的;feed on 以~為主食;

species n. 物種;disperse v. 分散;leopard n. 豹;

lineage n. 譜系;continent n. 大陸塊;

jaguar n. 美洲豹;panthera n. 豹;

news release n. 新聞稿。

根據本文,為何大貓的起源成為熱烈討論的議題?

因為沒有發現許多化石(見第三段)

因為牠們跨越大陸塊

因為沒有設備可以用來做精確的分析

因為牠們已經演化成許多不同種類的貓科動物。

新的貓科化石是在哪裡發現的?

坦桑尼亞

西藏(見第五段第一句)

加州

東南亞。

根據本文,關於大貓的下列敘述何者為真?

有些大貓在 1600 萬年前演化成美洲豹(時間不對)

有史以來發現大貓最古老的化石是 380 萬年前(

410 ~ 595 萬年前)

大貓是住在高山的雪豹後代(雪豹是大貓的後代)

西藏藍羊是喜馬拉雅山區大貓的主要食物來源(見

第六段第二句)。

Page 20: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

41105

在聽到尖叫聲之後,大腦聽覺中心的活動增加,這裡

是處理傳到耳裡的聲音的區域。但是掃描結果在杏仁

體也有亮點,這是大腦的恐懼中心。

  杏仁體是管理我們對恐懼情緒和生理反應的區域

,在偵測到威脅的時候,我們的腎上腺素上升,我們

的身體也預備對危險做反應。這個研究發現,尖叫對

我們的身體也有類似的影響。研究也發現,嘈雜度在

我們自然說話的時候聽不到,不管我們使用的是哪種

語言,但是它在人造的聲音中卻很普遍。最惱人的鬧

鐘聲、車子的喇叭聲、火災的警鈴聲都有很高的嘈雜

度。

  這個研究結果可能可以應用在增加警鈴聲的嘈雜

度,使它們更有效果,同樣的方法,臭味可以加到天

然瓦斯中讓它更容易被察覺。警告聲可以被加到電動

車上,因為它們特別安靜,那麼行人就可以有效率地

察覺電動車靠近。

【字詞提示】

primal adj. 最初的,原始的;response n. 反應;

conventional adj. 傳統的;pitch n. 音高;

goose bumps 雞皮疙瘩;neuroscientist n. 神經學家;

roughness n. 凹凸面,粗糙;switch v. 轉變;

perceive v. 理解,認知;subject n. 受測試者;

neutral adj. 中立的;correspond with 一致,符合;

auditory adj. 聽覺的;amygdala n. 杏仁體;

regulate v. 管控;physiological adj. 生理上的;

threat n. 威脅;adrenaline n. 腎上腺素;

regardless of 不管;prevalent adj. 普遍的;

aggravating adj. 惱人的;horn n. 喇叭聲;

potential adj. 潛在的,可能的;application n. 應用;

pedestrian n. 行人。

第一段的主旨為何?

不同類型的尖叫聲

人類的聲音和動物的叫聲

尖叫的特質

聲音的改變和雞皮疙瘩。

根據本文,下列何者不是阿納團隊的發現?

音量的改變讓尖叫和其他聲音不同

只有人類可以產生最多音量變化的聲音

正常人類說話聽起來是在四到五赫茲的音量之間變

說話時劇烈的音量變化會有效地活化杏仁體。

第三段的 it 所指為何?

研究 語言

嘈雜度 杏仁體。

下面哪一個工具可能會因為本研究者的發現而改善?

煙霧偵測器

保全攝影機

電子殺蟲器

滅火器。

aim at 瞄準;mindset n. 心態;

lean toward sth. 傾向;demonstrate v. 示範;

chef-oriented adj. 以廚師為主的;

redefine v. 重新定義;exhibition n. 展示;

haute cuisine 精緻美味的高級菜餚;

celebrity n. 名人;gourmet n. 美食家;

elite adj. 高層次的,上等的;aura n. 氛圍;

give way to 讓路給;catchphrase n. 口號,宣傳標語;

range v. 範圍;emerge v. 出現;

celeb-hungry adj. 渴望名人的;

millennium n. 一千年;competition n. 競賽;

rival v. 匹敵,比得上;emphasis n. 強調;

outmoded adj. 過時的,不流行的。

下列選項何者最接近第三段中 haunte 的意思?

粗糙的 平民百姓 各式各樣的 高級的。

有關美國烹飪節目的觀眾,下列敘述何者為真?

30 年代的觀眾偏好家庭經濟勝建議過烹飪指導說明

40 和 50 年代的觀眾對於為忙碌的家人準備食物有

興趣

60 和 70 年代的觀眾渴望和彼此交換食譜

80 年代的觀眾喜歡道地的美國風格的美食烹飪。

根據本文,關於最近的烹飪節目,下述何者為真?

它們通常由搖滾明星主持

它們通常不在攝影棚內拍攝

它們吸引許多名人觀眾

它們邀請飢餓的觀眾當評審。

下列何者最有可能在 90 年代成為受歡迎的烹飪節目?

專門介紹歐洲佳餚美時的節目

食品公司宣傳新產品所贊助的節目

由幽默的廚師主持,呈現低卡路里菜餚的節目

有專業廚師有系統的示範烹飪步驟的節目。

-題為題組

【中譯】

  尖叫是人們看到其他動物時的原始反應之一。傳

統的想法認為尖叫和其他聲音不同之處在它的音量大

而且極高音。但是,許多大聲且高音的聲音卻不會像

尖叫一樣讓人起雞皮疙瘩。為了找出讓人類尖叫獨特

的特點,神經學家路克阿納和他的團隊審查了一個資

料庫的聲音,裡面包含十九個成人用說的或尖叫的話

語。結果顯示尖叫以及尖叫說的話中有一個特質,叫

做「嘈雜度」,指的是一個聲音在音量部分改變的快

速程度。一般的話語聽起來音量只有些微的差異—

在四到五赫茲之間,然而尖叫卻轉換快速,在三十到

一百五十赫茲之間改變,因此被認知為粗暴且令人不

快的。

  阿納團隊要求二十個受測者判斷尖叫是中性或是

害怕的,發現最害怕的尖叫幾乎都是和嘈雜度一致。

這個團隊隨後使用功能性的大腦核磁共振掃描機研究

人類的大腦對這些嘈雜度是如何反應的。正如預期,

Page 21: 1 4 2 13 3 22 4 31 5 41 6 50 7 59 8 69 - VISIONBOOK216! ~ c < c p ÷ y 1 105 學年度指定科目考試英文考科試題分析 高雄女中 英文科教師/孫至娟 壹、前言

42 第 8 回

第貳部分:非選擇題

一、中譯英

Once mosquitoes bite some people with infectious diseases, they might transmit the viruses to others.

They spread diseases rapidly among human beings, and the death they cause is beyond our imagination.

二、英文作文

  A strange phenomenon has become a hot issue recently; that is, some young people apply for the job as a waste collector, even though they get a master’s degree. Although all professions are equal, the young with the background of higher education are supposed to pursue some promising jobs not only to fulfill themselves but also to contribute to the society. So, why do some of them choose to labor for a living, casting their ambitions aside? An ex-engineer answered the question. He said that the big environment in Taiwan cannot offer enough good jobs for young people; what’s worse, the available jobs are sometimes tiring and low-paying. Under such circumstances, when a steady job offer appears, why not give it a try?  Sad as the news is, I am still optimistic about the future. My belief is that chance favors the one with a prepared mind. Take myself for example. Since my childhood I have decided to be a professional English-Chinese translator, because in my mind reading the originals first and then sharing them with others by translation is such a huge enjoyment in life. Of course, I have to master my English abilities in college, so I will choose to be an English major. During the college days, I will read as much as possible in both English and Chinese. In addition, I will practice various translating skills, hoping to find and build my own style. When I am ready, I will make every effort to strive for a place in the translation field.