1- antiseptik & desinfektan
TRANSCRIPT
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
1/49
Antiseptik
Disinfektan
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
2/49
Antiseptik
DefinisiBerasal dari bahasa Greek, anti = melawan, sepsis =pembusukanBahan yang membunuh atau menghambatpertumbuhan mikroorganismeMencegah terjadinya infeksi dengan penghambatanterhadap pertumbuhan kuman /penyebab infeksi
Digunakan pada kulit
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
3/49
DisinfektanDefinisi
Bahan yang merusak, menetralisir ataumenghambat pertumbuhan darimikroorganisme sumber penyakit.Bahan yang merusak secara cepatmikroorganisme patogen untuk mencegahterjadinya infeksi
Digunakan pada benda/barang (lantai,peralatan)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
4/49
Mekanisme kerjaMerusak dinding protein, terjadi kematian selMeningkatkan permeabilitas membran sel shgkomponen vital sel keluar, terjadi kematian sel
Metabolisme terganggu, terjadi kematian selMengoksidasi komponen sel, terjadi kematiansel
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
5/49
Kerja tergantung padaSifat kimiaKonsentrasiDurasiSensitivitas dari mikrobaJenis mikroba (bakteri gram +/-, Virus)
Lingkungan (pH, suhu, bahan lain)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
6/49
Idealnya harusMerusak semua jenis mikrobaBekerja secara cepatDurasi kerja panjangStabilitas tinggiToksisitas dan efek samping kecil-tidak adaMurah dan mudah penggunaannya
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
7/49
Disinfektan (sifat kimia) Alcohol Aldehyde Halogens Heavy metal Oxidizing agents Phenol
Surface active agents Acids Nitrofurazone Ethylene oxide Miscellaneous
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
8/49
Disinfektan (Mekanismekerja)
Mengubah protein dan lipid : Acids/ Basic
AlcoholsPhenolicsBiguanides
Memecah ikatan kimia : Aldehydes,EnzymesMeningkatkan ion positif (Oksidant) : Halogens,H2O2, Ozone
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
9/49
Antiseptik Alcohols Chlorhexidine Oxidizing agents
: Iodine, Iodophors : Peroxides
- Hydrogen peroxide- Potassium permanganate
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
10/49
Heavy Metals : Mercuric bichloridePhenols and Related Compounds
Surface active compounds : Soaps
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
11/49
Oxidizing agents : ChlorineReducing agents : Aldehydes
Surface-active compounds : QACsVapor-phase Disinfectants
Disinfectant agents
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
12/49
Alcohol Most used: Ethyl (Ethanol) and
Isopropyl alcohol Lipid soluble lipoprotein cell
membrane denature cellmembrane precipitate protein
Maximal effect: conc. 70% ethyl and50% isopropyl alcohol
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
13/49
Excellent effects: Vegetative both Gr+and - (Including TB)
Moderate effects: Lipophilic viruses
(herpes simplex, HIV) and Fungi Non-effect: Bacterial spores,Hydrophilic
viruses Organic matter (action)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
14/49
Most ethanol used at 60-95%,particular 70% w/v is best action
Not recommend for high leveldisinfectant
-blood protein denature andadhere to instrument
-prolong use: damage lenses,rubber, plastic instruments
Rapid evaporation Limit contact time
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
15/49
The largest reduction in bacterial
count (1-3 min, kill 80% of bact.) The safest antiseptic Adverse effects:
drying skin Not for fresh or open wound
(irritate) local irritation damaging corneal tissue
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
16/49
Biguanides Chlorhexidine
Chlorhexidine gluconate
Bactericidal action
Rapidly action Disrupt the cell membrane and
precipitate cell content
Better against vegetative bacteria gram+ than gram
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
17/49
Less effective for fungi Non effect viruses
No action on spores Chx formulation 4% conc. (most
effective)
The longest residual activity(5-6 hrs.) Retained action in organic matter
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
18/49
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
19/49
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
20/49
Oxidizing agents Bactericidal, short action Releasing gas O 2: Hydrogen peroxide
Non releasing gas: Potassiumpermanganate Iodine Oxidizing Antiseptic Halogen
releasing agents Chlorine (Disinfectant)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
21/49
Iodine Less reactive than chlorine Rapidly bactericidal(Gr+/-) Fungicidal, tuberculocidal, virucidal and
sporicidal (Lipophillic)
Interfere metabolic reaction, disruptprotein and nucleic acid structure &synthesis
1-2% iodine solution in 70% ethyl alc.(Tincture of iodine) 90%
Aqueous iodine solution 5% (Logolssolution) e.g. pyometra
Churchills iodine 6.5% Alc.
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
22/49
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
23/49
Iodophor Complexed with a solubilizing agent
(surfactant or povidone) iodine carriers or iodine -releasing
agents Carrier; Detergents, wettingagents Water soluble
Increase free iodine releasing
Act similar to tincture of iodine
Tissue permeability, enhancing efficacy Bactericidal ,verudical , mycobactericidal
agent ; act as rapidly as Chx
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
24/49
Prolong contact time: kill fungi , bact.
spores Prolong action (4-6 hrs.)
Retained action in organic matter
10 % iodine : maximal killing effect 1% minimal toxic
Less irritating, allergic, corrosive
Excellent antiseptic and disinfectant Indication: skin cleanser, surgical scrub
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
25/49
Hydrogen peroxide
3-90 % H 2O2 in water (Most use 3%) Short acting agent but rapidly action Bactericidal agent (Gr+/-)
Lipophillic virus (related catalase andperoxidase enzymes)
Act as an oxidant by producing hydroxylfree radicals(*OH) attack essential cellcomponents (lipids, proteins, and DNA)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
26/49
Act on superficial tissue Less toxic but damage tissue
Indication:
cleaning contaminated wound
deodorizing, not routine cleaning
Used in the disinfection of soft contactlenses
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
27/49
Potassium permanganate Antiseptic and disinfectant agents
Broad antimicrobial agents
Non releasing gas
Turn brown colour Inactivated Intense purple color in solution: stains
tissues and clothing brown
Used for wound and prepare foods
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
28/49
Effective algicide (0.01%) and virucide (1%) Conc.>1:5,000 (irritate tissues)
Conc 1: 10,000 Bactericidal
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
29/49
Heavy metal Mercuric chloride : merbromin, thimerosal ,
nitromersol, phenylmercuric nitrate
Mercurochrome..?
Act as Bacteriostatic Inhibit sulfhydryl enzyme of bacterial cells
Inhibit metabolism and precipitate protein
Inhibit enzyme action of bacteria andtissues
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
30/49
Thimerosal Sodium ethylmercurithiosalicylate Mercuric 49% w/v Inhibit metabolism and precipitate protein
Merthiolate Used on fresh wound, not on burn or
chronic wound
Used in preservative vaccine, tattoo ink,skin test agent ect.
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
31/49
Phenol and related compounds
The oldest antiseptic compounds Cytoplasmic poisons penetrating,
disruption cell walls
Bacteriostatic (conc.0.1-1%) Bactericidal, fungicidal, virucidal (conc.1-
2%)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
32/49
Conc 5 % : Kill anthrax spores 48 hr(strongly irritating, corrosively tissues)
Oral :CNS effects
Ingestion :Cardiovascular effects
Main usage : disinfection of equipment
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
33/49
Cresol (cresylic acid): Bactericidal agent less toxic
Commonly used disinfectant (inanimateobjects)
Sporicidal Anthraxs spore 2 % Cresol (Lysol)
Chloroxylenols: Broad-spectrum bactericidal agent activity against gram + > -
PCMX and DCMX
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
34/49
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
35/49
Hexachlorophene
Xylenol with composition of Cl- Strong bacteriostatic action
Most effect on Gr+ > -
Less effect on viruses or spores Used in medicated soap(conc. 3%), surgical
scrub
May be cause Neurotoxic
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
36/49
Parachlorometaxylenol (Dettol)
Aromatic chemical compound in chemistryknown as chloroxylenol
Low toxicity, Low metal corrosivity,
Effective against : Bacteria, Fungi, yeast(3.3%w/v)
More effective Gr+ than Gr- Less effect on viruses, fungi and spores
Slow onset action Mode of action Disrupt the bacterial cells
membrane and enzyme inactivation
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
37/49
Tricosan Bactericidal effect Gr + Effect : Gr- and yeasts
When combined with EDTA
increased permeability of the outer
membrane
Inhibit uptake of essential nutrients onthe cytoplasmic membrane
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
38/49
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
39/49
Surface active compounds
Soups Anionic surface-active agents
Sodium, Potassium salts of fatty acid
Most soaps dissolve in water (pH 7.0-10.0)
Remove dirt from skin surfaces (surface
secretion, desquamated epithelium,bacteria)
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
40/49
Disinfectant agentsOxidizing agent:Chlorine * Gas form is toxic Chemical water soluble
forms hypochlorus (HOCl), oganic chloride* Action inhibition of cellular enzymatic
reaction, protein deneturation, inactivation ofnucleic acids
*(HS) Bactericidal, (MS) Fungicidal (S)Virucidal, Protozoacidal , Sporcidal
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
41/49
Recommend doses;1-100 ppm (mg/l) Disadvantages :Corrosively metal, destroy
fabric, strongly odor Quickly react with organic matter
inactivated Sanitize dairy equipment, hospital floors,
animal, housing quarters
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
42/49
Sodium hypochlorite
Sodium hypochlorite = NaOCl Action as chorline
Lipid envelope viruses e.g. Avain flu Most known as hard-surface disinfection(household bleach )
Haiter
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
43/49
Reducing agents AldehydesFormaldehyde Liquid form > Gas form Slowly action; need contact time 6-12 hrs.
Act by protein precipitation via Alkylationwith alkylating amino and sulhydryl groupof protein
Bactericidal both Gr+ and and TB Virucidal ( e.g FMD) Modulate for Fungicidal and Sporicidal
agents.
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
44/49
Formaldehyde 37% on market Non-corrosively metals, paint, fabric Combine with Alc :chemical sterilant
for surgical instrument Low conc.(1ppm) are irritating soft
tissues (eye, nose), pungent odor Light sensitive (keep in dark) Carcinogenic agent
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
45/49
Glutaraldehyde Act as formaldehyde More efficacy than formaldehyde Bactericidal(2min), Virucidal, Sporicidal(3
hr),Fungicidal(10 min) action Less adverse effect Non corrossive Instruments
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
46/49
Stable in acid Recommended conc. : 2% w/v Cidex (Glutaraldehyde 2% in 70%
Isopropanol) Shelf life 28-30 day
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
47/49
Surface-active compounds
QACs
(Quaternary Ammonium Compounds;cationic detergent )
: benzalkonium chloride Bacteriostatic or cidal action (Conc?) Good efficacy in basic condition Denature protein Active bact. Gr+ than Gr-
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
48/49
Inactivated in organic debris, hard water,anionic soap .
Fungistatic, Inactivate viruses (exp. Newer generation) Inactivate spores
Sanitation of non-critical surfaces
-
8/12/2019 1- Antiseptik & Desinfektan
49/49
Vapor-phase Disinfectants
Ethylene and propylene oxides Bactericidal,Virucidal, Fungicidal,
Sporicidal agents Sterilizing animal feed, human food,
surgical equipment Non-corrosive, flammability Ethylene oxide > Propylene oxide