1 general botany نبات عام biob 101 نبت 101 dr. trabelsi souad chapter 2 : plant taxonomy...
TRANSCRIPT
1
GENERAL BOTANY عام نبات BIOB 101 101نبت
Dr. TRABELSI SOUAD
Chapter 2 : Plant Taxonomy
First year / second semester
بسم الله الرحمن الرحيم
العربية المملكة
السعودية
التعليم وزارة
العالي
طيبة جامعة
كلية العلوم واآلداب بينبع
قسم األحياء
أحياء تخصص
دقيقة
ه 1431/1432
Kingdom Of Saudi Arabia
Ministry Of Higher Education
Taibah University
Faculty of Science and Arts-Yanbu
Biology Department
Microbiology Branch
2010/2011
2
General Botany BIOB 101
PLANTS TAXONOMYTaxonomy : The of science tbranch hat classifies life into groups.
Carolus Linnaeus pioneered the grouping of organisms based on two
parts scientific names using Latin: binomial
nomenclature. This classification was based on
physical similarities and differences.
Today, taxonomic classification is much more complex and takes into
account cellular types and organization,
biochemical similarities, and genetic similarities.
2. Plants Taxonomy
3
General Botany BIOB 101
Linnaeus published the first edition
of Systema Naturae in the year
1735. He outlines his ideas for the
hierarchical classification of the
natural world, dividing it into:
animal kingdom (Regnum animale),
plant kingdom (Regnum vegetabile),
mineral kingdom (Regnum lapideum).
2. Plants Taxonomy
Title page of the 1758 edition of Linnaeus's Systema Naturæ
4
General Botany BIOB 101
Living organisms
3 DOMAINSBacteria
Archea
Eukarya
6 KINGDOMSEubacteria
Archeabacteria
Protista
Fungi
Animalia
Plantae
Actual classification of living organisms
2. Plants Taxonomy
5
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Classification of living organisms
6
Kingdoms are divided into groups called phylums
Phylums are subdivided into classes
Classes are subdivided into orders
Orders are subdivided into families
Families are divided into genera
Genuses contain closely related species
2. Plants Taxonomy General Botany BIOB 101
Levels of classification :
7
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
8
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
9
General Botany BIOB 101
The plant kingdom includes nonvascular and vascular plants. * Nonvascular plants (NonTracheophyta) lack a water-conducting system of tubular cells (called xylem tissue), and do not have true roots, stems and leaves. Like algae and fungi, the plant body of some nonvascular plants is often called a thallus. Nonvascular plants are called Bryophytes, including the mosses and liverworts. * The vast majority of the plant kingdom are vascular (Tracheophyta) , with tubular, water-conducting cells called xylem tissue. Like a microscopic pipeline system, they are arranged end-to-end from the roots to the leaves. Unlike nonvascular plants, they have true roots, stems and leaves.
2. Plants Taxonomy
10
General Botany BIOB 101
More primitive vascular plants that reproduce by spores, but without seeds, are called pteridophytes, and include the 4 phyla: Psilophyta (whisk ferns), Lycophyta (club mosses), Sphenophyta (horsetails), and Pterophyta (ferns). Seed-bearing vascular plants are called spermatophytes and include the primitive gymnosperms (Naked seeds) (with immature seeds or ovules naked and exposed directly to pollen) and the more advanced angiosperms (with ovules enclosed in an ovary that ripens into a fruit). Gymnosperms include the 4 phyla Cycadophyta (cycads), Ginkgophyta (maidenhair tree), Gnetophyta (mormon tea & the bizarre South African Welwitschia), and the Coniferophyta (conifers). The angiosperms are placed in the single phylum Anthophyta which includes all the flowering plants and 90 percent of all the plant kingdom.
2. Plants Taxonomy
11
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Plants classificationPlants
12
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Plant kingdom classification
13
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Gymno-sperms
Pterido-phytes AngiospermsBryophytes
The four major groups of plants
14
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
15
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Phylum Bryophyta (mosses)
16
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Pterophytes Phylum Pterophyta Ferns Horsetails
17
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Gymnosperms Phylum Coniferophyta (conifers) .
18
General Botany BIOB 101
2. Plants Taxonomy
Angiosperms Phylum Anthophyta (flowering plants)
19
General Botany BIOB 101
International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
ICBNThe International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN) is the set of rules and recommendations dealing with the formal botanical names that are given to plants, fungi and a few other groups of organisms. Its intent is that each taxonomic group ("taxon", plural "taxa") of plants has only one correct name that is accepted worldwide. The value of a scientific name is that it is an identifier; it is not necessarily of descriptive value, or even accurate.
2. Plants Taxonomy