1. He is a famous scientist.2. who’s that girl in red?3. I’ve read all the books that you lent me.4. I have lost my pen, which I like very much.

Pay special attention to the underlined parts. Is there anything in common between them?

定语从句定语从句

1. She looked at Jeff who waved his

arms.

2. The story that you read is “The

Rescue”.

The man who lives next to us sells vegetables.

先行词

放置于名词之 _____ ，修饰名词的从句

关系词连接和引导作用1.

2. 在从句中充当成分

后

关系词

1. 关系代词

2. 关系副词

1. 指人

2. 指物

3. 指某一情况

that who

whom whose

that which whose

which as

不能放于句首

放于句中或句首“ 正如”

when (in/at which) where (in/at which)why (for which)

( 主语 / 宾语 )

( 状语 )

1. When talking about people, w

e use who, whom, whose, that;

2. When talking about things, w

e use which, that.

Tips

I like the man who is thinking now.

The teacher whom I love very much is Ms. Wang.

The girl who is raising her hand is my sister.

He is the policeman who told me the way yesterday.

This is a truck which is made in China.

A quilt is something that can keep you warm when you sleep.

The jar which I put some sugar in is brown.

The piano is instrument that is loved by many people.

A tanker is a machine which is very powerful in a war.

I lost the glasses that/which I bought in Beijing.

Practice: complete the sentences with suitable relatives.

1. I know the reason ____ he came late.2. Do you know the woman, _____son went to college last year?3. The house _____ color is red is john’s.4. This is the best film ____ I’ve ever seen.5. That’s the town ____ he worked in 1987.6. I have 2 brothers, ____ are both soldiers.7. Next week, _____ you’ll spend in your hometown ,is coming.8. I’ve tried 2 pairs of shoes, neither of ____fits me well.

why

whose

whosethat

wherewho

which

which

(1) When a relative pronoun is used as a subject

in the clause, the verb must agree with the

antecedent in person and number.

(2) When the antecedent is the structure “one

of +n. (pl.)”, the verb in the clause must be plural,

agrees with the plural form. However, if there

is “the” or “the only very” before “one”, the

verb in the clause must be singular, agrees with

the word “one”.

Conclusion 1:

Practice: Complete the following sentences with suitable relatives:

1.The time ___________ I went to Tokyo is in 1982.

2. I’ll never forget the time _____ ＿____ I spent at college.

3. The shop _____ ＿ ____ I bought the book in

is big.4. The shop ________ ＿＿ ___ I bought

the book is big.Conclusion 2: when the antecedent

is a noun for time or place “when” or “where” is not always used to introduce the clause. It depends on the function of the relative word in the clause.

when/thatwhich/that

which/that

where/in which

1. 先行词是人时的三种情况：1 ）先行词是人 , 从句中缺少主语时 ,

用 who 或 that 作从句的主语。注： 当先行词是 one, ones, anybody, anyon

e, all, none, those 等 , 指人时一般用 w

ho ，不用 that.

SummarizeSummarize

Notes:

在以疑问词 who 开头的句子中 , 或关系代词在从句中作表语时 , 用 that, 不用 who 。

Who is the man that is shouting there?

正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？ She is not the girl that she used to be.

她已经不是过去的她了。

2 ）先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时，用 whom 或 that （介词后不用 that ）。

注：关系代词 that, which ,whom 在从句中作宾语时可省略掉。但放在介词后面时则不可省略。

3) 先行词是人，从句中缺少定语时，用 whose 。

Do you know the boy whose parents are on holiday?

2. 先行词是物时的四种情况： 1 ）先行词是物 , 从句中缺少主语时 ,

用 that, which 。

2 ）先行词是物 , 从句中缺少动词宾语或介词宾语时 , 用 which 或 that 。注意介词后不用 that 。

3 ）先行词是物，且从句中缺少定语时，用 whose 或 the+ 名词 +of which 的结构。

We study in the classroom whose doo

r /the door of which faces south..

我们在那个门朝南开的教室里学习。

* 3. 下列情况下 , 只用 that, 不用 which 引导定语从句。

1 ）先行词是不定代词 , 如 all, little, few, much,

anything, everything, nothing, none, no one,

some 等。

2 ）先行词被 all, every, no, some, little, few, much, one of ,

the only, the very, the right, 等所修饰时。

3 ）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。

4 ）先行词中既有人又有物时。

A.The Difference Between “that” and “which”.

Complete the following sentences with “that” or “which”.1.This is the 2nd article ____ I have written in English.2. It is the best film _____ he has ever seen.3. This is the very book _____ I want to read.4. All ____ they told me surprised me.5. They talked about the teachers and schools _____ they had visited.

that

thatthat

that

that

6. Who is the comrade ______ was there?7. There is a bed in the room _____is still vacant.8. Our village is no longer the place _______ it used to be.9.He paid the boy $10 for washing the windows, most of _______ hadn’t been cleaned at least a year.10. The weather turned out to be very good, _______ was more than we could expect.11. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through _______ he could see what was going on inside the house.

thatthat

that

which

which

which

1.Tell me the reason ____ you were late for class.

2. Who is the girl _____ is speaking there ?

3. This is Mr. Smith, _____ has something interesting to tell you.

4. The computer ________ CPU doesn’t work has to be

repaired.

why

that

who

whose

B. Fill in the blanks with suitable relatives to complete the following sentences.

5. This kind of computer, _____ is well-known , is out of date.

6. This is just the place ___ I’ve been longing to visit for years.

7. His mother is an engineer, ____ makes him very proud.

8. The old man has 4 sons, three of ____ are doctors.

which

that

which

whom

C. 从 A 、 B 、 C 、 D 四个选项中，选出可以填入

空白处的最佳选项。1.Along with the letter was his promise _

___ he would visit me this coming Christma

s. A. which B. that C. what D. whet

her2. Luckily, we’d brought a road map wi

thout___ we would have lost our way. A. it B. that C. this D. which3. There is a new problem___ is involved

in the popularity of private cars ___road con

ditions need . A. that; to be improved B. which; to

be improved C. where; improving D. when; imp

roving

B

D

A

5. Information has been put forward ____ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.A. while B. that C. when D. as6. The fact came up ___ specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.A. what B. which C. that D. whose7. A decision was made ____ those who wanted to get a job in the factory would not be allowed to stay. A. what B. when C. which D. that

B

C

D

8. The question came up at the meeting ____ we had enough money for our research.A.that B. what C. which D. whether

9. The reason ____ he is late is ____ there was a breakdown on the railway.A. why; why B. why; thatC. because; that D. that; because

D

B

E.E.Notice:Notice:Pay more attention to the agreement between the verb and the antecedent in person and number in the attributive clause, and then complete the sentences:1.Those who ____ to go to the cinema must be at the school gate by 3:30 p.m. (want)2. He who ___________ the great wall is not a true man. (not reach)3. She is the only one of the girls who ____

been to Beijing. (have)4. He is one of the boys who ____ seen the film. (have)

want

doesn’t reach

has

have

F.非限制性定语从句和单句的比较

2.He failed in the exam._______ made his parents angry.

3.He failed in the exam, _______made his parents angry.

4.He has two sons. Both of ________ are teachers.

5.He has two sons, both of ________ are teachers.

This

which

whom

them

× that

1.I am reading Harry Porter, _____is an interesting book.which

1.The earth is round, _________ is known to all.

2. ____ is known to all, the earth is round

which / as

As

G. as and whichas 具有“正如”之意，搭配的动词一般是固定的，如：as you know/ as you see/as we planned/as we expected

4. 关系代词 as 引导的限制性定语从句 ,

as 用作关系代词 , 既可指人 , 也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语 , 宾语和表语。它常用在 the same…as, such…as, as…as,

so…as 句型中， as 不可省略。

Such girls as he knew were teachers.

他认识的女孩都是老师。I will buy the same bike as yours.

我要买和你一样的自行车。

H. 定语从句和强调句型的判断方法：若将句中的“It is/was” 和“ that/who” 去掉，而句子不缺成分，结构完整，说明原句是强调句型；若句子结构不完整，则说明原句为定语从句。

1. It was not until 1920 ____ regular radio broadcasts began.(1995 高考卷 ) A. while B. which C. that D. since2. ____ was his kindness that everyone praised him. A. It B. What C. So D. Such

C

A

3. It is the ability to do the job ____ matters not where you come from or what you are. (2000 高考卷 ) A. one B. that C. what D. it4. It was ____ he came to Macao ____ he knew what kind of place it was. A. that; when B. until; that C. not until; when D. not until; that5. ____ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language. A. There B. This C. That D. It

B

D

D

6. It was not until we came back from outside ____ out of his bed. A. did he get B. when he got C. that he got D. then he got7. When was it ____ you met him in the library? A. where B. that C. in which D. which8. It was near the place ____ there is a bomb ____ we found the dead man. A. where; where B. where; that C. that; where D. that; that

C

B

B

1.  Do you like the book she spent $10? 2.  Do you like the book she paid $10?3.  Do you like the book she learned a lot? 4.  Do you like the book she often talks? 5.  He built a telescope he could study the skies.6. There is a tall tree outside, stands our teacher.7.  China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________ is the Yellow River.8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at wrestling.10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most __________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.

on whichfor which

from whichabout which

through whichunder which

of which

from which

to whom

of which

D. 练习 : 介词 + 关系代词的使用

若与 the same( 指同一物 ) 连用 , 构成 th

e

same...that... 结构时 , 关系代词只能用that 。 This is the same museum that you

once visited.

这就是你曾经参观过的那个博物馆。

GameGame1. A bookworm is . .2. A couch potato is . .3. A sports fan is . .4. A workaholic is . .

a person who likesreading very much

a person who spends

a lot of time watching TVa person who loves to

play or watch sportsa person who often

works hard

1. Write Ex. 2 on page 104 in the

exercise books.

2. Write a mini-report “My ideal

teacher/parent/friend”, using the

Attributive Clause as often as you

can.

Homework