1 在 ieee802.16 系統上提供 qos 機 制之研究 student:hsin-hsien liu advisor:ho-ting wu...
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在 IEEE802.16 系統上提供 QoS機制之研究
Student:Hsin-Hsien LiuAdvisor:Ho-Ting WuDate:2007.7.24
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Outline
Background Motivation Call Admission Control & Bandwidth
Allocation Algorithm Simulation result Conclusion Future Work
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Background
IEEE 802.16 specifies the air interface of fixed and mobile BWA systems
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access) Support QoS High transmission rate Easy and less expensive to deploy
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The IEEE 802.16 family of standardsName 802.16 802.16a 802.16d 802.16e
Completed 2001/12 2003/01 2004/06 2005/12
Mobility Fixed Fixed Fixed Portable
Mobility
Spectrum(GHz)
10~66LOS
2~11NLOS
2~11NLOS
2~6NLOS
Bit Rate(Mbps)
32~134 75 75 15
Cell Radius(KM)
2~5 7~10 7~10 2~5
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IEEE 802.16-2004
Topology PMP (Point-to-Multipoint) Mesh
Communication path direction Downlink (BS to SS) Uplink (SS to BS )
Multiplex TDD FDD
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Service type in IEEE 802.16
Unsolicited Grant Service (UGS) Real-time, Constant bit rate, ex VoIP T1
Real-time Polling Service (rtPS) Real-time, Variable bit rate, ex MPEG
Non-real-time Polling Service (nrtPS) Delay-tolerant, require min rate, ex FTP
Best Effort (BE) No QoS guarantees are promised, ex HTTP
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QoS Architecture of IEEE 802.16
ServiceAddition / Change /
Delete
Bandwidth Request
MAP Parsing
Uplink Processing
Call Admission Control
Classification
BWA & Packet Scheduling
UGS
rtPSnrtPS
BE
DSADSCDSD
BS
BW_REQ
UL_MAP
SS
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Motivation
IEEE 802.16 defines four service flows with different QoS requirement
Except for UGS, the bandwidth allocation mechanism for the other three service flows are left undefined
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Call Admission Control Decides whether to accept or reject the
connection base on network state A simple admission control is adopted by
using the Minimum Reserved traffic rate [2]
1
min0 0
,iJI
a totali j
C C r i j
0aC
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Proposed CAC
QoS-Considered CAC Considers each service flow with
different QoS requirement rtPS: Average traffic transmission rate nrtPS: Minimum reserved traffic rate BE: always accept
_ _ mina total rtPS avg nrtPSC C r r
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Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm Strict Priority BWA
Simple Starvation problem
Deficit Fair Priority Queue (DFPQ) BWA[2] Provides more fairness Refers DWRR Scheduler uses variable deficit counter to
visit each non-empty queue
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DFPQ Procedure
1. Update the parameters ,
2. Service the connections in the service flow with the first priority queue
a. DeficitCounter[i] ≤ 0b. Waiting queue is emptyc. No available bandwidth leftd. It is time sending MAP message
a totalL L
[ ] [ ]DeficitCounter i Quantum i
max0
,iJ
j
Quantum i r i j
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DFPQ Procedure (cont.)
3. If Cond. a or Cond. b stands, service other lower priority queues as in Step 2. If there is no lower priority queue, go to Step 2 for anther scheduling round
4. If Cond. c or Cond. d stands, send the MAP message out . Go to Step 1 for next TDD frame
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Proposed BWA
Fairness-based BWA (FBWA) First, fundamental QoS bandwidth
allocation Second, fairness bandwidth allocation
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FBWA Procedure
1. Satisfies rtPS fundamental QoS requirement
2. Satisfies nrtPS fundamental QoS requirement
_ *QoS rtPS rtPS rtPSBW N AVG
_ *QoS nrtPS nrtPS nrtPSBW N MIN
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FBWA Procedure (cont.)
3. Allocates fair for each service flow
_ _Avaiable Total QoS rtPS QoS nrtPSBW BW BW BW
_ * rtPSFair rtPS Available
Total
NBW BW
N
_ * nrtPSFair nrtPS Available
Total
NBW BW
N
_ * BEFair BE Available
Total
NBW BW
N
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FBWA Procedure (cont.)
4. Each service flow finally gain bandwidth :
_ _rtPS QoS rtPS Fair rtPSBW BW BW
_ _nrtPS QoS nrtPS Fair nrtPSBW BW BW
_BE Fair BEBW BW
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Simulation parameters setting Total Bandwidth:10Mbps Frame Size:10ms Packet Size:40, 552, 1200bytes rtPS, nrtPS, BE Data Rate:387, 64, 64Kbits/sec rtPS, nrtPS, BE Call Duration:240, 120, 60s rtPS, nrtPS, BE Max. Delay:40, 100, 200ms rtPS, nrtPS, BE Max. Sustained Traffic Rate:
464.4, 76.8, 76.8Kbits/sec rtPS, nrtPS Min. Reserved Traffic Rate:309.6,
51.2Kbits/sec
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Simulation result – CAC Blocking Probability
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Blo
ck
ing P
rob
. (%
)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_CAC_rtPS QoS_CAC_nrtPS
R_min_CAC_rtPS R_min_CAC_nrtPS
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Simulation result – CAC Accepts Connection
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Nu
mb
er
of
co
nnecti
on
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_CAC_rtPS QoS_CAC_nrtPS QoS_CAC_BE
R_min_CAC_rtPS R_min_CAC_nrtPS R_min_CAC_BE
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Simulation result – CAC generates system loading
0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2
1.4
1.6
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Nor
mal
ized
Loa
d
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_CAC
R_min_CAC
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Simulation result – QoS Performance Analysis
1. Different CAC with FBWA 2. Different CAC with DFPQ3. QoS_CAC with different BWA 4. Rmin_CAC with different BWA5. QoS_CAC with FBWA vs. Rmin_CAC
with DFPQ
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Different CAC with FBWA - Packet Delay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dela
y (
ms)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_FBWA_rtPS QoS_FBWA_nrtPS QoS_FBWA_BE
Rmin_FBWA_rtPS Rmin_FBWA_nrtPS Rmin_FBWA_BE
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Different CAC with FBWA - Packet Drop Rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dro
p R
ate
(%
)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_FBWA_rtPS QoS_FBWA_nrtPS QoS_FBWA_BE
Rmin_FBWA_rtPS Rmin_FBWA_nrtPS Rmin_FBWA_BE
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Different CAC with DFPQ - Packet Delay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Del
ay (
ms)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_DFPQ_rtPS QoS_DFPQ_nrtPS QoS_DFPQ_BE
Rmin_DFPQ_rtPS Rmin_DFPQ_nrtPS Rmin_DFPQ_BE
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Different CAC with DFPQ - Packet Drop Rate
0102030405060708090
100
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dro
p R
ate
(%)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_DFPQ_rtPS QoS_DFPQ_nrtPS QoS_DFPQ_BE
Rmin_DFPQ_rtPS Rmin_DFPQ_nrtPS Rmin_DFPQ_BE
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QoS_CAC with different BWA – Packet Delay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Del
ay (
ms)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_FBWA_rtPS QoS_FBWA_nrtPS QoS_FBWA_BE
QoS_DFPQ_rtPS QoS_DFPQ_nrtPS QoS_DFPQ_BE
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QoS_CAC with different BWA – Packet Drop Rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dro
p R
ate
(%
)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_FBWA_rtPS QoS_FBWA_nrtPS QoS_FBWA_BE
QoS_DFPQ_rtPS QoS_DFPQ_nrtPS QoS_DFPQ_BE
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Rmin_CAC with different BWA – Packet Delay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Del
ay (
ms)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
Rmin_FBWA_rtPS Rmin_FBWA_nrtPS Rmin_FBWA_BE
Rmin_DFPQ_rtPS Rmin_DFPQ_nrtPS Rmin_DFPQ_BE
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Rmin_CAC with different BWA – Packet Drop Rate
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dro
p R
ate
(%
)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
Rmin_FBWA_rtPS Rmin_FBWA_nrtPS Rmin_FBWA_BE
Rmin_DFPQ_rtPS Rmin_DFPQ_nrtPS Rmin_DFPQ_BE
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QoS_CAC with FBWA vs. Rmin_CAC with DFPQ – Packet Delay
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dela
y (
ms)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_FBWA_rtPS QoS_FBWA_nrtPS QoS_FBWA_BE
Rmin_DFPQ_rtPS Rmin_DFPQ_nrtPS Rmin_DFPQ_BE
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QoS_CAC with FBWA vs. Rmin_CAC with DFPQ – Packet Drop Rate
0102030405060708090
100
0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 1.2 1.4
Dro
p R
ate
(%)
Mean Connection Arrival Rate (connection/sec)
QoS_FBWA_rtPS QoS_FBWA_nrtPS QoS_FBWA_BE
Rmin_DFPQ_rtPS Rmin_DFPQ_nrtPS Rmin_DFPQ_BE
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Conclusion
Proposed QoS CAC provides QoS guarantee under system overload
Proposed Fairness-based BWA improves fairness
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Future Work
Downlink and Uplink dynamic bandwidth allocation
Consider real performance of each service flow in time
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Reference
[1]IEEE 802.16-2004:Air Interface for Fixed Broadband Wireless Access System. Standard, 2004. IEEE standard for local and metropolitan area network
[2]Jianfeng Chen, Wenhua Jiao and Hongxi Wang, “A Service Flow Management Strategy for IEEE 802.16 Broadband Wireless Access System,” Lucent Technologies, Bell Labs Research China
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Q&A